2019届一轮复习人教版必修四unit1womenofachievement单元学案设计（26页word解析版）

2019届一轮复习人教版必修四unit1womenofachievement单元学案设计（26页word解析版）

‎2019届一轮复习人教版必修四Unit1women of achievement单元学案设计 写作句型锤炼 主体段落常用句型锤炼之十一：it作形式宾语 先熟读背诵——精彩句型烂熟于心 ‎1.I think it great fun to learn the poems written in the Tang Dynasty with you.‎ 我觉得和你一起学习唐诗是很有趣的。(2017·全国卷Ⅰ·书面表达)‎ ‎2.Parents usually have such high expectations that their children find it hard to live up to them.(2016·上海卷·书面表达)‎ 父母通常有如此高的期望值，以至于孩子觉得很难不辜负父母的期望。‎ ‎3. I would appreciate it very much if you could check the contents and format for me.‎ 如果你能为我检查一下内容和格式，我将不胜感激。(2016·全国卷Ⅰ·书面表达)‎ ‎4.They felt it difficult to finish the work in such a short time.‎ 他们认为在这么短的时间内完成这项工作是困难的。‎ ‎5.The professor considers it no good reading without understanding.‎ 这位教授认为阅读而不理解没有益处。‎ 后临摹仿写——妙语佳句信手拈来 ‎1.我觉得应邀在这儿演讲是我的荣耀。‎ I__think__it__my__honor__to__be__invited__to__speak__here.‎ ‎2. 汤姆发现用汉语写信并不难。‎ Tom__find__it__not__difficult__to__write__letters__in__Chinese.‎ ‎3.会议取消了我们都感到很遗憾。‎ We__all__thought__it__a__pity__that__the__conference__should__have__been__cancelled.‎ Ⅰ.重点单词—识记·联想·运用 ‎[会书写]‎ 一、核心单词 ‎1.worthwhile adj.　值得的；值得做的 ‎2.respect vt.& n. 尊敬；尊重；敬意 ‎3.support n.& vt. 支持；拥护 ‎4.kindness n. 仁慈；好意 ‎5.deliver vt. 递送；生(小孩儿)；接生；发表(演说等)‎ ‎6.modest adj. 谦虚的；谦让的；适度的 二、阅读单词 ‎1.project n. 项目；工程；规划 ‎2.campaign n. 运动；战役 ‎ vi. 作战；参加运动 ‎3.entertainment n. 款待；娱乐；娱乐表演 ‎4.crowd n. 人群；观众 ‎　 　 vt. 挤满；使拥挤 ‎5.audience n. 观众；听众；读者 ‎6.emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况 ‎7.generation n. 一代，一辈 三、拓展单词 ‎1.achievement n.成就；功绩→achieve vt.完成；达到 ‎2.connection n.连接；关系→connect vt.连接 ‎3.organization n.组织；机构；团体→organize vt.组织 ‎4.behave vt.& vi.举动；(举止或行为)表现→behaviour n ‎.行为；举止；习性 ‎5.observe vt.观察；观测；遵守→observation n.观察；观测 ‎6.argue vt.& vi.讨论；辩论；争论→argument n.争论；争辩；争吵 ‎7.inspire vt.鼓舞；激发；启示→inspired adj.受到鼓舞的；有灵感的→inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的→inspiration n.鼓舞；灵感 ‎8.refer vi.谈到；查阅；参考→reference n.提及；涉及；参考；查阅 ‎9.intend vt.计划；打算→intention n.打算；目的；意图 ‎10.considerate adj.考虑周到的→consider v.考虑；认为→consideration n.考虑；体谅→considering prep.考虑到 ‎[会积累]‎ ‎1.“鼓舞；激励”动词家族 ‎①inspire　　鼓舞；激发 ‎②encourage 鼓励；激励 ‎③motivate 激发；激励 ‎2.后缀ment构成的抽象名词 ‎①adjustment 调整 ‎②agreement 协议 ‎③amusement 娱乐，消遣 ‎④announcement 宣布 ‎⑤appointment 约定 ‎3.以ency结尾的高频名词小结 ‎①emergency 紧急情况 ‎②efficiency 效率；功率 ‎③tendency 趋向；趋势 ‎④fluency 流利；流畅 ‎4.ation结尾高频名词集锦 ‎①inspiration 灵感；鼓舞 ‎②civilization 文明 ‎③expectation 期望 ‎④adaptation 适应；改编本 ‎[会应用]　用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1.All the sites are free to the public and accessible to anyone with an Internet connection(connect).‎ ‎2.It was considerate (consider) of you not to play the piano while I was asleep.‎ ‎3.I hold the firm belief that you are bound to achieve your dream of being admitted to a key university，which will give you a wonderful sense of achievement.(achieve)‎ ‎4.With the intention of becoming famous and rich，many ordinary people intend to take part in some TV shows，such as Chinese Dream.(intend)‎ ‎5.There was a heated argument about whether he was suitable for the position，and most of the people argued for him.(argue)‎ ‎6.The crowd went directly to the accident scene，and the spot was crowded with people.(crowd)‎ ‎7.Tom behaved well at the party；his good behavior delighted his parents greatly.(behave)‎ Ⅱ.核心短语—识记·联想·运用 ‎[会书写]‎ ‎1.move__off　　　　　　　　　　离开；起程；出发 ‎2.lead/live__a...life 过着……的生活 ‎3.crowd__in (想法、问题等)涌上心头；涌入脑海 ‎4.look__down__upon/on 蔑视；瞧不起 ‎5.refer__to 查阅；参考；谈到 ‎6.by chance 碰巧；凑巧 ‎7.come across __(偶然)遇见；碰见 ‎8.carry on __继续；坚持 ‎9.devote...to... __献身于……；专心于……‎ ‎10.work out __解决；锻炼身体；结果是 ‎[会积累]‎ ‎1.“动词＋on”必备短语一览 ‎①carry on　　　继续，坚持 ‎②keep on 继续前进/工作 ‎③live on 继续存在，靠……为生 ‎④go on 前进，继续 ‎⑤move on 继续前进 ‎⑥insist on 坚持 ‎⑦pass on 传递 ‎2.“查字典”的多种表达 ‎①look up a word in a dictionary ‎②refer to a dictionary ‎③consult a dictionary ‎[会应用]　选用上表左栏短语填空 ‎1.Some of the students have already learned enough English to carry__on a conversation with a native speaker.‎ ‎2.By__chance he found the very book he was always looking for.‎ ‎3.You should respect them；after all no one likes being ‎ looked__down__upon/on.‎ ‎4.She tried to sleep，but too many thoughts crowded__in on her.‎ ‎5.Devoted__to his research work，the scientist has little time to spend with his family.‎ ‎6.Please __refer__to the dictionary if you don’t know how to pronounce the word.‎ Ⅲ.经典句式—分析·背诵·仿写 句型公式1：only在句首修饰作状语的副词或介词短语时，句子要倒装。‎ ‎[教材原句]　Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.‎ 她母亲头几个月来帮她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划。‎ ‎[句型仿写]　Only when we had studied the data again did__we__realize__that__there__was__a__mistake.‎ 只有当我们再次研究了这些数据的时候，我们才意识到出了一个错。‎ 句型公式2：once引导条件状语从句，意为“一旦……就……”。‎ ‎[教材原句]　Once I stop，it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories.‎ 我一旦停下来，所有的一切都会涌上心头，我就会想起实验室里的黑猩猩。‎ ‎[句型仿写]　Failure can make a positive contribution to your life once__you__learn__to__make__use__of__it.‎ 一旦学会了利用失败，那么失败就能为你的生活做出积极的贡献。‎ 句型公式3：“It hit(s) sb＋从句”表示“某人突然想起……”。‎ ‎[教材原句]　Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.‎ 我突然想起在那个年代，一个女子去学医是多么难。‎ It__suddenly__hit__me__that I had left my passport on the table in the kitchen.‎ 我突然想到我把护照落在厨房的桌子上了。‎ 句型公式4：It is/was...that/who...强调句。‎ ‎[教材原句]　Further reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school.‎ 进一步的阅读使我了解到，是苦干、决心和善良的天性使她走进了医学院的大门。‎ ‎[句型仿写]　It__was__your__help__and__kindness__that made my study and life in the UK special and enjoyable.‎ 正是你的帮助和体贴让我在英国的学习和生活既特别又快乐。‎ Ⅳ.语段改错—回顾·修正·热诵 文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ Jane Goodall had wanted to work with animal in their own environment since she was a child.But this was not easy.When she first arrived in Combe in 1960，it was unusual of a woman to live in the forest.However，with the help of his mother，she began her work with the chimps，which had changed the way that people think about chimps.Spend years observing and recording their daily activities，Jane discovered that chimps hunt and eat meat，against that people used to think.She also discovered how chimps communicate to each other.Having worked with the chimps for years，Jane argued that wild animals should left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements.She has ‎ achieved everything she wanted to do，but more important，she has got the world to understand and respected the lives of chimps.‎ 答案 Jane Goodall had wanted to work with in their own environment since she was a child.But this was not easy.When she first arrived in Combe in 1960，it was unusual a woman to live in the forest.However，with the help of mother，she began her work with the chimps，which changed the way that people think about chimps. years observing and recording their daily activities，Jane discovered that chimps hunt and eat meat，against people used to think.She also discovered how chimps communicate each other.Having worked with the chimps for years，Jane argued that wild animals should left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements.She has achieved everything she wanted to do，but more ，she has got the world to understand and the lives of chimps.‎ ‎[核 心 词 汇]‎ ‎1.behave vt.& vi.举动；(举止或行为)表现 ‎(1)behave well/badly to/towards sb　对待某人好/差 behave oneself 守规矩；表现得体 ‎(2)wellbehaved adj. 表现好的 badlybehaved adj. 表现差的 ‎(3)behaviour n. 举止；行为 ‎①Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave__like__humans.(教材原句)‎ 简研究这些黑猩猩家族已经很多年了，她帮助人们了解了黑猩猩跟人类的行为是多么相似。‎ ‎②If parents do not teach their child how to behave__himself，he will do anything at will.‎ 如果父母不教给他们的孩子如何守规矩，他做任何事情会我行我素。‎ ‎③I think all of us should mind our behaviour (behave) in public places.‎ 我认为我们大家都应该注意在公共场所的行为举止。‎ ‎2.observe vt.观察；观测；注意到；遵守；庆祝 ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句中observe的含义 ‎①She spent years observing and recording their daily activities.(教材原句)观察 ‎②Though having lived abroad for years，many Chinese still observe the traditional customs.遵守 ‎③Thanksgiving Day is observed as a general holiday by the American people.庆祝 ‎④The thief was observed to open the window and run away.注意到 ‎(1)observe Christmas/New Year’s Day/festivals 庆祝圣诞/元旦/节日 observe ‎(2)observation n.　　　　观察；注意；监视 ‎⑤It is everybody’s duty to observe them keep (keep) our society in order and going on the right track.(2015·江苏卷·书面表达)‎ 监督他们维持社会秩序并靠右行驶是每一个人的责任。‎ ‎3.argue vi.& vt.讨论；辩论；争辩；说服 ‎(1)argue for...　为……而争论；为……而辩护 argue against 争辩(反对……)‎ argue with sb on/about/over sth 与某人争辩某事 argue sb into/out of doing sth 说服某人做/不做某事 argue that... 提出理由说明；主张……‎ ‎(2)argument n. 争论；争辩；论点 beyond argument 无可辩解 ‎①She has argued that wild animals should__be__left(leave) in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements.(教材原句)‎ 她主张应该让野生动物留在野外生活，而不能用于娱乐或广告。‎ ‎②We tried many ways to__argue__him__into following our advice，but in vain.‎ 我们想尽各种办法说服他接受我们的建议，但都是徒劳。‎ ‎③Some argued that attention (should)__be__paid (pay) to our heavy road traffic.(2015·江苏卷·书面表达)‎ 一些人主张应该多注意我们拥堵的道路交通。‎ ‎[名师指津]　argue that...意为“主张……”时，that 从句的谓语动词常使用虚拟语气“(should) do”形式。‎ ‎[联想发散]　表示“说服……做……”的其他表达：‎ ‎①persuade sb to do sth　②persuade sb into doing sth ‎③convince sb to do sth　④talk sb into doing sth ‎4.intend vt.计划；打算 ‎(1)intend doing/to do sth　打算做某事 intend sb to do sth 打算让某人做某事 本来打算做某事 ‎(2)be intended to do sth/for sth 专门为……；专门给……‎ ‎①I looked carefully at the text and realized that it was__intended__for women in the countryside.(教材原句)‎ 我仔细地看了这篇文章，了解到那是专门为农村妇女写的。‎ ‎②I’m writing to tell you my exciting plan for the summer holiday.I intend __to__join/joining (join) a Dragon Boat Training Camp.(2015·北京卷·书面表达)‎ 我写信告诉你我暑假令人兴奋的计划，我打算参加龙舟训练营。‎ ‎③We had__intended (intend) to arrive at our destination at 9 o’clock，but we didn’t because of the traffic jam.‎ 我们本来打算在9点钟到达目的地，但是由于交通堵塞我们晚点了。‎ ‎5.support n.& vt.支持；拥护 ‎[高考佳句]　From dawn to dusk，he works countless hours to support our family.‎ 从早到晚，为了养活我们一家人，他没日没夜地工作。‎ ‎(1)support sb/a family　支持某人/赡养家庭 support sb in (doing) sth 在(做)某事方面支持某人 support oneself 自力更生 ‎(2)in support of sb/sth 支持或支援某人/某物 ‎①Jane was permitted to begin her work after her mother came to__support__her.(教材原句)‎ 简在妈妈来帮助她之后才得到允许开始工作。‎ ‎② He had to do an extra job after work，for he had a big family __to__support (support).‎ 他下班后得从事另外的工作，因为他有一大家人要养活。‎ ‎③Several experts have spoken in__support__of the ban on drunk driving.‎ 几位专家都表示支持禁止酒后驾车。 ‎ ‎6.look down upon/on 蔑视；轻视；瞧不起 look up to　　尊敬；仰视 look forward to 盼望；期待 look into 调查；观察；窥视 look up 抬头看；查阅 look back on 回顾 ‎①Therefore，there is no reason for us to __look__down__upon/on ordinary jobs.‎ 因此，我们没有理由轻视普通的工作。‎ ‎②It is reported that the police will soon look__into the case of two missing children.‎ 据报道，警察即将要调查这两名失踪儿童的案件。‎ ‎③I like to look__back__on my high school days，which were the happiest in my life.‎ 我喜欢回顾我的中学时代，那是我生命中最快乐的时光。‎ ‎7.refer to 谈到；参考；查阅；提及；涉及 ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句中refer to的含义 ‎①If you don’t know the exact meaning of the word，you may refer to the dictionary.查阅 ‎②Your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test.参考 ‎③We have reached an agreement that we will not refer to the matter again.提及 ‎④The new law does not refer to land used for farming.涉及 ‎(1)refer to...as...　把……称作……‎ refer...to... 把……提交给……(以求获得帮助)‎ ‎(2)reference n. 言及；提及；参考；查阅 in/with reference to 关于 ‎⑤Some people refer to the color of Apple’s goldcolored iPhone as “tuhao gold”.‎ 一些人将苹果公司的金色iPhone的颜色称为“土豪金”。‎ ‎⑥The textbooks and dictionaries can be used as reference (refer) books while the magazines serve as reading materials.(2015·天津卷·书面表达)‎ 课本和字典可以用作参考书而杂志可作为阅读材料。‎ ‎[名师指津]　look up表示“参考；查阅”时，其宾语多为word，information等；而refer to表示“参考；查阅”时，其宾语多为book，dictionary等。‎ ‎[重 点 句 型]‎ ‎1.Suddenly it__hit__me__how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.‎ 我突然想起在那个年代，一个女子去学医是多么难。‎ 句中使用了“It hit (s) me＋从句”结构，意思是“我突然想到……”，it在句中作形式主语。类似的结构还有：‎ It occurs/occurred to sb that...　(某人)突然想到……‎ It strikes/struck sb that... (某人)突然想到……‎ It happens/happened that...　碰巧……‎ ‎①It hit me that the phone number I had told them was wrong.‎ ‎→It struck me that the phone number I had told them was wrong.‎ ‎→It occurred to me that the phone number I had told them was wrong.‎ 我忽然想到我告诉他们的电话号码是错的。‎ ‎②It happened that they spent their childhood in the same village.‎ 碰巧他们的童年是在同一个村子度过的。‎ ‎2.Once I stop，it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories.‎ 我一旦停下来，所有的一切都会涌上心头，我就会想起实验室里的黑猩猩。‎ once引导条件状语从句，意为“一旦……就……”‎ ‎①We must understand that a habit is difficult and sometimes almost impossible to get rid of once__it__is__formed.‎ 我们必须明白：习惯一旦形成，就很难，甚至有时几乎不可能改掉。‎ ‎② Once broadcast (broadcast)，the TV play will be very popular with young people.‎ 一旦开播，这部电视剧就会很受年轻人的欢迎。‎ ‎[名师指津]　如果once引导的从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且从句中的谓语动词含有be动词的某种形式时，或从句为“it be...”形式时，从句中的“主语＋be”或“it be”可以省略。‎ ‎[当 堂 达 标]‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1.Anyone can be a victim of road accidents if he doesn’t observe (遵守) traffic regulations.‎ ‎2.Having a large family to support (支撑；养活)，he took up two parttime jobs in his spare time.‎ ‎3.He is such a great man that all of us show our respect (尊敬) for him.‎ ‎4.He thinks it worthwhile (值得的) to devote all his life to teaching since he has won great respect from his students.‎ ‎5.When customers place an order with us，their order should be delivered (运送) within a week.‎ ‎6.None of us had seen an emergency (紧急情况) like this and we were all terrified.‎ ‎7.Yesterday the police began a campaign (行动) to stop taking drugs.‎ ‎8.Inspired (鼓舞) by the speech，the little girl made up her mind to work even harder.‎ ‎9.What do you intend (打算) to do when you have finished your studies in the UK?‎ ‎10.My parents loved me very much and I had a very happy childhood (童年).‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1.The teacher inspires his students to__give (give) their opinions actively even if they are different from his own.‎ ‎2.The little boy’s bad behaviour (behave) at the party made his parents upset.‎ ‎3.With our teacher supporting (support) us，we feel quite encouraged.‎ ‎4.I deeply appreciate your kindness (kind) in coming so far to meet me.‎ ‎5.He was unhappy because many people argued against his plan.‎ ‎6.You should refer this matter to our teacher for a decision.‎ ‎7.We all know that Yuan Longping is famous for his scientific achievements (achieve).‎ ‎8.Computers have replaced televisions as our most popular form of entertainment (entertain).‎ ‎9.Do you believe that there’s a connection (connect) between smoking and heart disease?‎ ‎10.Do you want to get this book delivered (deliver) to your house or would you prefer to come to the shop for it yourself?‎ Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1.The meal over，the managers went back to the meeting room to carry out their discussion.out→on ‎2.I often look at the words I don’t know in the dictionary or on the Internet.at→up ‎3.It didn’t occur him that she would refuse his invitation.occur后加to ‎4.You promised to deliver the goods for our company immediately，but we haven’t seen any of them yet.for→to ‎5.A crowd of children was passing my house，singing and laughing.was→were ‎6.How did it come across that humans speak so many different languages？across→about ‎7.I intended to catch the early train，but I didn’t get up in time.intended前加had ‎8.The man was observed enter the bank by the police.enter前加to Ⅳ.补全句子/一句多译/句型转换 ‎1.When I have a different opinion，I may choose to give it up and ‎ respect__the__opinion__of__the__majority.(2015·浙江卷·书面表达)‎ 当我有不同意见时，我可能选择放弃我的意见并尊重大多数人的意见。‎ ‎2.To improve our English and get more students interested in English，I intend__to__organize__some__activities__at__school.‎ 为了提高我们的英语水平，让更多的学生对英语感兴趣，我打算在学校组织一些活动。‎ ‎3.Only by studying hard will__you__make__progress__in__your__study.‎ 只有通过努力学习你才能在学习上取得进步。‎ ‎4.说服农民相信科学种田是我们的任务。‎ ‎①It is our task to__argue__the__peasants__into__believing scientific farming.(argue)‎ ‎②To__persuade__the__peasants__into__believing/to__believe__scientific farming is our task.(persuade)‎ ‎③Our task is to__talk__the__peasants__into__believing scientific farming.(talk)‎ ‎5.Once he was buried in something，he would close his ears to anything.(状语从句的省略)‎ ‎→Once buried in something，he would close his ears to anything.‎ ‎[课 下 作 业]‎ A Before she was Queen of England，Princess Elizabeth wanted to join the Auxiliary Territorial Service (A.T.S.)，a female branch of the British military.It was World War Ⅱ，and women worked at jobs traditionally held by men，who were now overseas fighting.‎ Elizabeth was a teenager and first had to convince her parents ‎ about her plan.Her father，King George Ⅵ，thought it was too dangerous.But Princess Elizabeth would not take no for an answer.“I ought to do as other girls of my age do，” she said firmly.After some months，her parents finally agreed to let her join.‎ Princess Elizabeth did not receive any special treatment in the A.T.S.The only thing different was that she returned to Windsor Castle each night to sleep.‎ When she arrived at the A.T.S.camp depot (兵站) for her first day of training，Princess Elizabeth was greeted by a car with its wheels off.In the weeks that followed，she learned to take apart an engine and then assemble (装配) it.The princess loved the training，admitting，“I’m a mechanic at last.”‎ Princess Elizabeth worked on car，truck，and even tank engines.She also learned to read maps and drive officer transport cars，ambulances，and military trucks.To complete her A.T.S.training，she was required to drive a big truck on her own.‎ The king and queen thought driving a truck was too dangerous，but before they could let her know how they felt，they discovered Elizabeth driving a truck onto the palace grounds.She had driven from the A.T.S.camp through the busy London streets all by herself.‎ Princess Elizabeth became Her Royal Majesty Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ in 1952.Now in her eighties，she still drives.Queen Elizabeth loves horses and still rides four times each week.She also actively manages her estate (庄园) farm at Balmoral and is often seen hiking through the countryside there.‎ ‎【语篇导读】　‎ 本文是记叙文。彬彬有礼、慈祥和蔼的英国女王伊丽莎白二世曾经还是一位会调试引擎、修理轮胎的“女汉子”。‎ ‎1.What can we learn about women in England during World War Ⅱ？‎ A.Most of them joined the A.T.S.‎ B.Most of them served in the army.‎ C.They were all willing to go overseas.‎ D.They were allowed to do men’s jobs.‎ 答案　D　[细节理解题。由第一段中的“women worked at jobs traditionally held by men，who were now overseas fighting”可知，二战期间的英国妇女被允许在男性岗位上工作。]‎ ‎2.Hearing Princess Elizabeth’s plan to join the A.T.S.，King George Ⅵ initially________.‎ A.rejected her request B.thought highly of her C.gave her some special treatment D.advised her to do what other girls did 答案　A　[细节理解题。由第二段中的“King George Ⅵ，thought it was too dangerous.But Princess Elizabeth would not take no for an answer”可知，起初乔治六世国王拒绝了伊丽莎白公主想要参加A.T.S.的请求。]‎ ‎3.When serving in the A.T.S.，Princess Elizabeth________.‎ A.became an auto mechanic B.was in charge of the A.T.S.camp C.preferred to drive those big trucks D.was required to stay there all day long 答案　A　[细节理解题。由第四段中的“she learned to take apart an engine and then assemble it”和第五段中的“Princess Elizabeth worked on car，truck，and even tank engines”可知，在A.T.S.服役期间 ‎，伊丽莎白公主学会了拆卸各种汽车引擎，俨然变成了一位汽车修理工。第四段的I’m a mechanic at last也是提示。]‎ ‎4.Which of the following can best describe young Princess Elizabeth?‎ A.Cautious and friendly.‎ B.Determined and brave.‎ C.Ambitious and sensitive.‎ D.Generous and considerate.‎ 答案　B　[推理判断题。由第二段伊丽莎白公主经过数月说服父母同意她参军可知，她意志力坚定；再根据第五、六段描述伊丽莎白公主独自开卡车可知，她胆子很大。]‎ B ‎(2018·南昌十校二模)I hate Black Friday sales.It’s often a gathering of people who are there for many different reasons.Some are looking for a deal on that one item for their loved one，or perhaps themselves.Their intentions are completely unrelated to the festive time of the year.‎ It was several years ago when my wife asked me to meet her at the local department store on Black Friday morning.They had advertised a child’s bike that she wanted to purchase for our son.We stood with a very large crowd，waiting for the manager to blow the whistle.After a while the whistle blew.It was like throwing a bucket of small fish into a tank of sharks.I told my wife that if we obtained a bike，fine，but if we did not，I was OK with that too.‎ As the pile of bikes began to gradually decrease in size，I saw my polite opportunity to wrap my hands around the corner of one of the boxes.I lifted it up and suddenly felt some mild resistance.I looked up to see one of the largest gentlemen I had ever seen in my life.Frightening ‎ was not the word to describe his presence.He wore lots of belts of metal studded leather around both arms and even his neck.Tattoos (文身) were an obvious passion of his.‎ I started to give up the box but he gently pushed it back in my direction and back into my hands.He then directed it into my shopping cart.He looked at me，smiled，and said，“Merry Christmas.” My wife and I went to the checkout，paid for the bike and went home.All the way home I was thinking that this moment was by far the best gift I had ever received for Christmas.The kindness of a stranger broke all preconceived notions (预想) I may have had of stereotypes and prejudices.‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者和妻子想在黑色星期五大抢购时给儿子买辆自行车，无奈百货商店里人山人海。作者本想放弃，没想到一个陌生人把自行车盒子让给了他。这让作者改变了之前对他人的偏见。‎ ‎5.How did the author feel when going into the store?‎ A.The crowd was like small fish.‎ B.They might not get the bike.‎ C.He was excited to do the shopping.‎ D.The whistle was blown too late.‎ 答案　B　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“I told my wife that if we obtained a bike，fine，but if we did not，I was OK with that too.”可知作者进入商店时已经做好了买不到自行车的打算，故选B。]‎ ‎6.What happened when the author was buying the bike?‎ A.He was scared by a man’s look at first.‎ B.A gentleman bought the bike for him.‎ C.A stranger helped him lift the box.‎ D.He gave up the bike he first touched.‎ 答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I looked up to see one of the largest gentlemen I had ever seen in my life.Frightening was not the word to describe his presence.”可知，“吓人”这个词已经不足以形容这个人的出现了。故选A。]‎ ‎7.What did the author learn from the experience?‎ A.Look before you leap.‎ B.Custom is a second nature.‎ C.Doing is better than saying.‎ D.Don’t judge a book by its cover.‎ 答案　D　[推理判断题。根据第三段中对陌生人的描写可知，作者一开始因陌生人的外表而觉得他是个可怕的人；根据第四段的内容可知，陌生人把盒子让给了作者，作者由此发出感慨“The kindness of a stranger broke all preconceived notions (预想) I may have had of stereotypes and prejudices.”，即陌生人的善意打破了作者对他人的偏见，让作者知道不能以貌取人。]‎ ‎8.What is the best title of the passage?‎ A.Black Friday sales B.My son’s best bike C.The best Christmas gift D.A strange gentleman 答案　C　[标题归纳题。文章讲述了作者和妻子为儿子买自行车作为圣诞礼物时受到了陌生人的帮助的故事，作者认为那一时刻是他收到过的最好的圣诞节礼物。故C项为最佳标题。]‎ C It’s been a good week for new parents: Since Tuesday，three major corporations have changed their parental leave policies to reduce pressure on employees struggling to balance work and life with a new ‎ baby.The new program，which will take effect in November，offers up to 16 weeks of fully paid leave to primary caregivers and 10 weeks of medical leave for childbirth，totaling 26 weeks for a birth mother who is her child’s primary caregiver.According to The Wall Street Journal，nonprimary caregivers will receive up to 14 weeks of paid leave.‎ ‎“In the US，government mandates (命令) for paid leave are currently slim to nonexistent，” Ms.Morris said.“That means companies must seek the tough balance between supporting employees during major life events and meeting business goals.Too often，employees have not had the support they need.”Data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics say only 13 percent of fulltime workers in the United States had access to paid family leave in 2012.Willis Towers Watson benefits consultant Mary Tavarozzi told Reuters paid leave for American mothers usually lasts around a month.‎ According to The New York Times，the United States is the only highincome country that does not have nationally mandated paid family leave.In contrast，workers in Britain are given up to 50 weeks of family leave，37 weeks of which is paid.Barack Obama has talked about closing this gap between the United States and its peers，The Times reported.In December，he began giving federal employees six weeks of paid family leave following the birth of a child.“It’s time we stopped treating childcare as a side issue or a women’s issue，and treated it like the national economic priority (优先事项) that it is，” he said in his State of the Union address in January.‎ Some studies have shown that the benefits of paid parental leave are tangible (实际的) beyond the relief new parents experience at ‎ being able to focus on their children without worrying about money.‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文为说明文，介绍了美国三大公司在一周之内相继公布产假修改制度，对那些刚刚有孩子的父母来说这无疑是一大好消息。‎ ‎9.Why is it a good week for new parents?‎ A.The cost they paid will be shared.‎ B.Longer periods of parental leave are expected.‎ C.The policy benefiting them takes effect.‎ D.Employees’ working time is becoming shorter.‎ 答案　B　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“three major corporations have changed their parental leave policies”可知三大公司相继修改了产假政策；再结合“totaling 26 weeks for a birth mother”可知产假有望延长，故选B。]‎ ‎10.What did Ms.Morris say about the US’s present paid leave?‎ A.It’s well carried out.‎ B.It’s supported by employers.‎ C.Few employees really get the benefits.‎ D.It increases the cost of the companies.‎ 答案　C　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In the US，government mandates (命令) for paid leave are currently slim to nonexistent”可知，在美国，政府对于带薪休假的命令少得几乎不存在，由此可推知，很少有员工从带薪休假中受益。故选C。]‎ ‎11.What can we infer from Obama’s words?‎ A.Women can perform as well as men.‎ B.Childcare should be taken more seriously than the economy.‎ C.Working conditions for women are worsening.‎ D.The importance of paid family leave was once ignored.‎ 答案　D　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“the United States is the only highincome country that does not have nationally mandated paid family leave”可知，美国是高收入国家中唯一一个无全国性的法定带薪产假的国家。再结合“It’s time we stopped treating childcare as a side issue or a women’s issue，and treated it like the national economic priority (优先事项) that it is”可知，奥巴马解释了这一现象的原因，即忽视了带薪产假的重要性，故选D。]‎ ‎12.What may be discussed in the following paragraphs?‎ A.People’s reactions to Obama’s decision.‎ B.Reasons for a paid family leave program.‎ C.Other advantages of a paid family leave program.‎ D.The gap between the US and other countries.‎ 答案　C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容尤其是“the benefits of paid parental leave are tangible (实际的) beyond the relief”可知，带薪产假的好处不仅仅是新手父母在照顾孩子时不需要担心钱的问题，故下文很可能会进一步探讨带薪产假给员工、公司或社会带来的其他好处，故选C。]‎