2017届高考英语（人教版）一轮教师文档讲义：选修6 unit 4

2017届高考英语（人教版）一轮教师文档讲义：选修6 unit 4

‎ [话题素材——全球变暖]‎ 好词 ‎1．atmosphere n. 大气；气氛 ‎2．transparent adj. 透明的；清澈的 ‎3．unbearable adj. 难以忍受的 ‎4．decline vi. 减少；降低；下降 ‎5．undertake vt. 承担；从事；负责 ‎6．arouse people's awareness of environmental protection 提高人们的环保意识 ‎7．bring...under control 控制 ‎8．die out 灭绝 ‎9．white pollution 白色污染 ‎10．from bad to worse 每况愈下 ‎11．be faced with 面临 ‎12．do what we can 做我们能做的一切 ‎13．reduce pollution 减少污染 ‎14．throw away 丢弃 ‎15．in harmony with nature 与自然和谐相处 佳句 ‎1．With_the_number_of_cars_increasing fast in our city, our environment is getting increasing worse.‎ 在我们的城市，随着汽车数量的快速增长，我们的环境正急剧恶化。‎ ‎2．We'll have nowhere to live in the future unless we take_action_to_protect the earth now.‎ 如果我们现在不采取措施来保护地球，将来我们会无处生存。‎ ‎3．It_is_wellknown_that the global water shortage is becoming increasingly severe mainly due to global warming.‎ 众所周知，由于全球变暖，全球水资源短缺问题正变得日益严重。 ‎ ‎[精美语篇]‎ Say “No” to Plastic Bags Since June 1st, 2008, plastic bags are no longer provided for free in the supermarkets. Different people have different opinions on this matter.‎ As far as I am concerned, the government is taking steps to protect our living environment. It's true that plastic bags make people's shopping more convenient. However, most people just throw them away after using them, and don't know how to deal with them. What's worse, it will ‎ take a long time for plastic bags to break down. As a result, they can cause serious pollution and do great harm to our surroundings, then to people's health.‎ Personally speaking, I fully agree with this policy. After all, it is good for our environment. And we could use bags made of paper or cloth instead of plastic bags when shopping.‎ ‎ 高频单词 ‎1．consume (vt.) 消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完→consumer (n.) 消费者→consumption (n.) 消费；消耗量 ‎2．phenomenon (n.) 现象→phenomena (pl.) 现象 ‎3．quantity (n.) 量；数量→quality (n.) 质量 ‎4．tend (vi.) 趋向；易于；照顾 (vt.) 照顾；护理→tendency (n.) 倾向；趋势 ‎5．oppose (vt.) 反对；反抗；与(某人)较量→opposed (adj.) 反对的；对立的 ‎6．mild (adj.) 温和的；温柔的；淡的→mildly (adv.) 温柔地；温和地 ‎7．consequence (n.) 结果；后果；影响→consequent (adj.) 随后发生的；作为结果的→consequently (adv.) 因此；所以 ‎8．state (vt.) 陈述；说明→statement (n.) 说明；说法；表白 ‎9．steady (adj.) 平稳的；持续的；稳固的→steadily (adv.) 平稳地；持续地 ‎10．existence (n.) 生存；存在→exist (vi.) 存在 ‎11．commitment (n.) 承诺；信奉→commit (vt.) 承诺；保证 ‎12．pollution (n.) 弄脏；污染→pollute (vt.) 弄脏；污染 ‎13．growth (n.) 生长；增长→grow (v.) 生长；增长 ‎14．contribution (n.) 贡献→contribute (v.) 贡献；投稿 ‎ 重点短语 ‎1．come_about　　　　发生；造成 ‎2．rather_than 而不是 ‎3．subscribe_to 同意；赞成；订购 ‎4．quantities_of 大量的 ‎5．go_up 上升；增长；升起 ‎6．result_in 导致 ‎7．be_opposed_to 反对……‎ ‎8．even_if 即使 ‎9．keep_on 继续 ‎10．on_the_whole 大体上；基本上 ‎11．on_behalf_of 代表……一方；作为……的代言人 ‎12．put_up_with 忍受；容忍 ‎13．so_long_as 只要 ‎14．and_so_on 等等 ‎2017　　选修6　Unit 4　Global warming ‎ 热点句型 ‎1．连词＋分词(when compared to/with)‎ That probably does not seem much to you or me, but it is a rapid increase when_compared_to(当与……相比的时候) other natural changes.(教材P26)‎ ‎2．There is no doubt that...“毫无疑问……”‎ There_is_no_doubt_that (毫无疑问) the earth is becoming warmer...(教材P26)‎ ‎3．even if引导让步状语从句 Even_if (即使) we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.(教材P27)‎ ‎4．as/so long as引导条件状语从句；if not省略句 It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so_long_as (只要) you are using it－if_not (如果不), turn it off！(教材P30)‎ ‎ 教材复现 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎1．Get your parents ________ (buy) things that are economical with energy.‎ 答案：to buy　get sb. to do sth.“让某人做某事”。‎ ‎2．All scientists subscribe to the view ________ the increase in the earth's temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels.‎ 答案：that　that引导同位语从句，解释说明view的内容。‎ ‎3．It means that more heat energy tends to ________ (trap) in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.‎ 答案：be trapped　be trapped in“被困在……；受困于……”。‎ ‎4．It is the burning of more and more fossil fuels ________ has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.‎ 答案：that　该句为强调句型。被强调部分为句子主语the burning of more and more fossil fuels。‎ ‎5．Greenhouse gases continue to build ________ in the atmosphere.‎ 答案：up　build up“增加；逐步建立；累积”。‎ ‎6．I am doing a project on behalf ________ my school about global warming.‎ 答案：of　on behalf of“代表……”。‎ ‎7．Together, individuals can make a difference. We do not have to put up ________ pollution.‎ 答案：with　put up with“忍受；容忍”。‎ ‎8．Get your parents to buy things ________ are economical with energy.‎ 答案：that/which　先行词为things，定语从句中缺少主语，应填that/which。‎ ‎9．It takes a lot of energy ________ (make) things from new materials.‎ 答案：to make　考查It takes...to do sth.句式。‎ ‎10．Talk with your family and friends about global warming and tell them ________ you have learned.‎ 答案：what　what引导宾语从句，且在从句中作learned的宾语。‎ ‎1　　quantity　n．量；数量；大量 The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.(P26)‎ 当我们向空气中排放大量的多余的二氧化碳的时候，问题就开始了。‎ ‎①[2014·重庆高考]The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras returned to our shop for quantity_problems.‎ 生产商会定期来收回因质量问题退回到我们店的照相机。‎ ‎②[牛津词典]It's cheaper to buy goods in_quantity.‎ 大量购物比较便宜。‎ ‎③[朗文词典]Large_quantities_of oil were spilling into the sea.‎ 大量石油正溢入大海。‎ ‎－特别提示－‎ a quantity of与quantities of这两个短语后均可接不可数名词或可数名词的复数形式。“a quantity of＋名词”作主语时，其谓语动词与名词保持数的一致；而“quantities of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词总是用复数形式。‎ ‎④A_quantity_of vegetables have been supplied for the citizens.‎ 已为市民提供了大量的蔬菜。‎ ‎⑤Quantities_of rice have been conveyed to the flooded area.‎ 大量的大米已运到遭受洪灾的地区。‎ ‎2　　oppose　vt.反对；反抗 On the other hand, there are those, like George Hambley, who are opposed to this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.(P27)‎ 在另一方面，还有一些人，像科学家乔治·汉布利，反对上面的观点，他们认为我们不必担心空气中会有高含量的二氧化碳。‎ ‎(1)oppose (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事 ‎(2)opposed adj. 相反的；对立的 be opposed to 反对……‎ ‎(3)object to 反对……‎ ‎①[朗文词典]Congress is continuing to oppose the President's health care budget.‎ 国会继续反对总统的医疗保健预算。‎ ‎②[2014·四川高考]This is_opposed_to the “early bird” schedule.‎ 这与“早起”计划截然相反。‎ ‎3　　range　n．种类；范围；幅度；界限　vi.(在一定范围内)变化；变动；排列 It will make plants grow quicker; crops will produce more; it will encourage a greater range of animals－all of which will make life for human beings better.(P27)‎ 它会使植物长得更快；庄稼产量更丰富，并且它会促进动物的生长——所有这些都能改变人类的生活。‎ ‎(1)a wide range of... 范围广泛的；各种各样的 in/within range 在射程以内；在范围内 beyond/out of range 在射程外；在范围外 beyond/out_of one's range 某人能力达不到的，某人知识以外的 ‎(2)range from...to...在……范围内变动；包括(由……到……之间的)各类事物 range between...and... 在……和……范围内变动 ‎①[2015·湖北高考]To answer these questions, Brooks surveys a_wide_range_of disciplines (学科)．‎ 为回答这些问题，Brooks调查了一系列广泛的学科。‎ ‎②[2015·安徽高考]In colonies (群体) that range in size from a few hundred to tens of millions, they organize their lives with a clear division of labor.‎ 在范围从几百到上百万大小不等的群体中，蚂蚁用明确的分工来组织它们的生活。‎ ‎③[必背佳句]The price of the house is well beyond_our_range.‎ 这栋房子的价格远远超出了我们能承受的范围。‎ ‎4　　glance　vi看一下；瞥一眼；匆匆一看；扫视　n．一瞥；扫视 Glance quickly at the magazine article and answer the questions.(P27)‎ 迅速看一下杂志上的文章并回答问题。‎ ‎(1)glance at/over/through浏览；匆匆地看一眼 glance off擦过；掠过 ‎(2)at a glance立刻；一眼；(只)看一眼 at first glance乍一看；乍看之下 take/show/throw a glance (at sb./sth.)(朝某人/某物)一瞥；看一眼 ‎①[2015·重庆高考]She glanced down at me through her glasses.‎ 她透过眼镜低头瞥了我一眼。‎ ‎②[2014·上海高考]This means that customers can see at_a_glance how much fat, sugar, and salt each product contains simply by looking at the lights on the package.‎ 这就意味着顾客们只要看包装上的指示灯一眼就能看出每一个产品含有多少脂肪、糖和盐。‎ ‎③[必背佳句]At_first_glance,_the problem seems easy. However, later you'll find it difficult to work out.‎ 乍一看，这问题似乎很简单，然而，随后你就会发现它很难解决。‎ ‎5　　average　adj.平均的；普通的　n．平均；平均数　vt.& vi.平均为；算出……的平均数 The greenhouse effect gives the earth's surface the average temperature of 15 ℃.‎ 温室效应使地球表面的平均温度保持在15 ℃。‎ ‎①[2015·重庆高考]Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 ℃ above_the_average.‎ 去年是有记录以来最暖和的一年，全球气温比平均温度高0.68摄氏度。‎ ‎②[2014·浙江高考]An_average_of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year, making it the driest year since California became a state in 1850.‎ 去年平均降水18.75厘米，使去年成为自1850年加利福尼亚成为一个州以来最干旱的一年。‎ ‎③[必背佳句]On_average,_people who don't smoke are healthier than people who do.‎ 通常，不吸烟的人比吸烟的人健康。‎ ‎6　　circumstance　n．(pl.)环境；情况 Recycle cans, bottles, plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow you to.(P30)‎ 如果情况允许的话，回收容器、瓶子、塑料袋和报纸。‎ ‎①[2014·湖北高考]The old rules have to be revised because they only applied to the circumstances that existed when they were made a hundred years ago.‎ 老的规则要修改，因为它们仅适用于一百多年前制定时所适用的状况。‎ ‎②[朗文词典]Prisoners can only leave their cells under_certain_circumstances.‎ 只有在某些特定情况下囚犯才可以离开牢房。‎ ‎③[必背佳句]Under_no_circumstances can you give up.‎ 你决不能放弃。‎ 过关演练 单句语法填空 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式 ‎1．[2014·辽宁高考]Besides, Cleo tends to bark an average ________ six hours a day.‎ 答案：of　an average of“……的平均数”。‎ ‎2．Large ________ (quantity) of water have been polluted, ________ has a bad effect on people's health.‎ 答案：quantities; which　large quantities of“许多；大量的”；which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面一句话的内容。‎ ‎3．[2014·安徽高考]Classical music ________ (range) from jazz to pieces for large orchestras.‎ 答案：ranges　主语表示抽象概念，故谓语动词用单数。句意：古典音乐范围从爵士乐到大乐团作品。range from...to...“在……范围内变动”。‎ ‎4．I'm strongly ________ (oppose) to your plan.‎ 答案：opposed　be opposed to“反对”。‎ ‎5．The witness ________ (state) that he had not seen the woman before.‎ 答案：stated　句意：这名证人陈述说他以前没有见过这位女士。由句意可知应用一般过去时。‎ ‎6．[2014·重庆高考]It is the ________ (consequent) of people's unbalanced lifestyle.‎ 答案：consequence　句意：它是人们不平衡的生活方式的后果。由句子结构可知此处应用名词形式。‎ ‎7．Many people do not believe the ________ (exist) of the ghosts.‎ 答案：existence　句意：许多人不相信鬼魂的存在。由句意及空前the一词可知应填名词形式。‎ ‎8．[2014·山东高考]Road taxes tend ________ (mean) that people use their cars less.‎ 答案：to mean　句意：过路费往往意味着人们开始逐渐少用他们的私家车。tend to do“倾向于做某事”。‎ ‎9．I took a glance ________ the hall and found many familiar faces among the audience.‎ 答案：at　take a glance at“瞥一眼；看一眼”。‎ ‎10．We must make a contribution ________ (protect) the environment.‎ 答案：to protecting　make a contribution to sth./doing “为……做贡献”。‎ ‎1　　come about 发生；造成 So how has this come about and does it matter？(P26)‎ 那么，这种温度的增长是怎么产生的呢？会有什么影响吗？‎ ‎ ‎①[牛津词典]Can you tell me how the accident came_about?‎ 你能告诉我事故是怎样发生的吗？‎ ‎②[2014·福建高考]I was amazed that he'd come_up_with such a sweet idea.‎ 我很吃惊他会想出如此好的主意。‎ ‎③[2015·安徽高考]In fact, when_it_comes_to the art of war, ants have no equal.‎ 事实上，当谈到战争的艺术时，蚂蚁是没有对手的。‎ ‎④When reading articles related to science, we often come_across difficult or unfamiliar words.‎ 阅读与科学相关的文章时，我们常常碰到难词或生词。‎ 易混辨析 come about ‎“发生；产生”，指要求解释或说明事情发生的理由。经常与how连用 happen ‎“发生”，常用词汇，指偶然的、意外的、具体客观事物的发生或出现，尤其指自发的未能预见的事情发生 take place ‎“发生”，指事件或事故的发生是在预料中的并非是偶然的，进而引申为按计划“进行；举行”‎ break out 指战争、火灾、疾病等的突然“发生；爆发”‎ ‎⑤用come about, happen, take place, break out的正确形式填空 a．No one can understand how it ________.‎ b．What will ________ next?‎ c．A war ________ between two countries.‎ d．Great changes have ________ in our hometown.‎ 答案：a.came about　b．happen　c．broke out　d．taken place ‎2　　result in导致 They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.(P26)‎ 他们还赞同下述观点，正是由于越来越多地燃烧化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。‎ ‎①[2014·湖北高考]I learned that shouting and threats of punishment would result_in a disaster.‎ 我知道了大声喊叫及惩罚的威胁会导致一种灾难。‎ ‎②[2014·广东高考]As_a_result_of his work, Ebbesmeyer has become known as the scientist to call with questions about any unusual objects found floating in the ocean.‎ 由于他工作的原因，Ebbesmeyer作为一个可以回答关于海洋中被发现的漂浮的不同寻常的物体的问题的科学家而闻名。‎ ‎③[必背佳句]However, pollution and other serious problems have also resulted_from human ‎ progress.‎ 但是，人类的发展也产生了污染和其他严重的问题。‎ ‎3　　put up with 容忍；忍受 We do not have to put up with pollution.(P30)‎ 我们没有必要忍受污染。‎ ‎①[朗文词典]She put_up_with his violent temper.‎ 她忍受了他暴躁的脾气。‎ ‎②[2015·课标全国卷Ⅱ]This year, 25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put_off their entry until next year.‎ 今年，25310名已在高等教育机构中取得一席之地的学生们推迟入学一年。‎ ‎③[北师大⑤－15]We once put_on a performance of Hamlet.‎ 我们曾上演过《哈姆雷特》。‎ ‎④Who put_forward a theory about black holes?‎ 谁提出了黑洞理论？‎ 过关演练 选词填空 put up with； so long as； result in； go up； even if； be opposed to； come about； under no circumstances ‎1．[2014·重庆高考]We simply weigh too much, ________ a lot of pressure that makes us sink.‎ 答案：resulting in ‎2．[2015·四川高考]________ she had a slice to eat, she never bothered the one on her head.‎ 答案：So long as ‎3．________________ should you leave the house.‎ 答案：Under no circumstances ‎4．We want to know how it ________ that humans speak so many different languages.‎ 答案：came about ‎5．“I will not ________ your bad behaviour any longer.” said the girl angrily.‎ 答案：put up with ‎6．[2015·湖北高考]________ the conference hall is near his apartment, he has to hurry a little if he wants to be punctual (准时的)．‎ 答案：Even if ‎7．Prices of food in that area have been ________ sharply since word came that the war would break out soon.‎ 答案：going up ‎8．Her parents ________ the program at first. But now they begin to support it.‎ 答案：were opposed to ‎1　　It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so_long_as you are using it—if not, turn it off！(P30)‎ 只要你在使用电器设备，你可以让它开着，如果不用就把它关掉！‎ so/as long as“只要”，引导条件状语从句。as long as还可表示“与……一样长”。‎ 语境助记 ‎①[2014·上海高考]I believe that so/as_long_as I was offered a good position, I would resign at once.‎ 我相信，只要提供给我一个好的职位，我会立刻辞职的。‎ ‎②[朗文词典]You may borrow the book so_long_as you keep it clean.‎ 只要你不把书弄脏，就可以借走。‎ ‎③The line is four times as_long_as that one.‎ 这条线是那条线的四倍长。‎ ‎2　　Even_if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.(P27)‎ 即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的排放量，在(未来)几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续转暖。‎ 引导让步状语从句的连词主要有：‎ ‎(1)用although, though, even though, even if等引导让步状语从句需置于句首，意思是“尽管；虽然”。‎ ‎(2)用while引导让步状语从句需置于句首，意思是“尽管；虽然”。‎ ‎(3)用whether...or...引导让步状语从句，意思是“不管/无论……都”。‎ ‎(4)用whatever, whoever, however, whenever, wherever等引导让步状语从句，意思是“不管/无论什么/谁/怎样……”。‎ ‎(5)用as引导让步状语从句，意思是“虽然，尽管”。用作此意时必须将表语、状语或动词原形提到as前面。‎ 语境助记 ‎①[2015·广东高考]Even_though we can't live forever, we are living a longer life than ever before.‎ 即使我们不能永远活着，但我们可以比以前活得时间长。‎ ‎ ②[2015·福建高考]Though we're born stupid, only the stupid remain that way.‎ 虽然我们生来就愚蠢，但只有愚蠢的人仍然这样。‎ ‎③[牛津词典]While I am willing to help, I do not have much time available.‎ 尽管我愿意帮忙，但没有多少时间。‎ ‎④[朗文词典]Try as she might, Sue couldn't get the door open.‎ 无论Sue怎样努力，她就是打不开门。‎ ‎⑤He does whatever she asks him to do.‎ 无论她要求他做什么，他都会去做。‎ 过关演练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)‎ ‎1．________ breaks the law will be punished.‎ 答案：Whoever　句意：无论谁违法都要受到惩罚。whoever引导让步状语从句且在从句中作主语。‎ ‎2．[2015·北京高考]You won't find paper cutting difficult as ________ as you keep practicing it.‎ 答案：long　as long as“只要”。‎ ‎3．Whether go out ________ stay in the dorm depends on the weather.‎ 答案：or　whether...or...“无论……还是……都”。‎ ‎4．[2013·江西高考]When I was a child, I could watch TV ________ I wanted to.‎ 答案：whenever　句意：我小的时候，无论什么时候想看电视都能看。结合句意知填whenever引导状语从句。‎ ‎5．Happy ________ they were, there was something missing.‎ 答案：as/though　句意：尽管他们很快乐，但总缺少点什么。当as意为“虽然；尽管”引导让步状语从句时需将表语、状语或动词原形提到as前面。though也有此用法。‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎1．[2014·北京高考]________________ you have direct control over your goal, you have a much higher chance of success.‎ 只要你可以掌控自己的目标，你成功的机会就会更大。‎ 答案：As/So long as ‎2．________________ as ________________， he makes little progress.‎ 尽管他工作努力，但进步很小。‎ 答案：Hard; he works ‎3．You have to study hard ________________ you are very clever.‎ 即使你很聪明，也得努力学习。‎ 答案：even if/though it的用法(2)‎ It用于强调句型中 ‎1．It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who，这个句型中，强调主语、宾语、介词短语及状语都可以。‎ I met Tom in the park yesterday.‎ ‎→It was in the park that I met Tom yesterday.‎ ‎2．It is/was... that/who的特殊疑问句句型为：特殊疑问词＋is/was it that/who＋陈述句 What did you want to find yesterday?‎ ‎→What was it that you wanted to find yesterday?‎ ‎3．It is/was... that/who与名词性从句的结合 I want to know what you wanted to find yesterday.‎ ‎→I want to know what it was that you wanted to find yesterday.‎ ‎4．It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that...‎ I didn't realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.‎ ‎→It was not until she took off her glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.‎ It常用的固定搭配 ‎1．make it ‎(1)在口语中相当于succeed表示：成功、做到、及时到达等 ‎(2)在口语中相当于fix the date for表示“约定好时间”‎ ‎2．Take it easy.‎ 口语中相当于Don't worry.或Don't hurry.用来劝告别人，表示“不要慌、沉住气、别担心”‎ Take it easy! He will do it well!‎ ‎3．It all depends/That all depends.‎ 口语中相当于It hasn't been decided yet.表示“那得看情况，还未定下来”‎ ‎－Are you going to the countryside for a holiday?‎ ‎－It all depends.‎ ‎4．It's up to sb..‎ 口语中，相当于It's decided by sb..表示“由……决定；由……负责；取决于……”‎ ‎－Shall we go out for dinner?‎ ‎－It's up to you.‎ 过关演练 单句语法填空 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)‎ ‎1．[2015·湖北高考]________ was in this lake that they found the long lost sword of the Ming Dynasty.‎ 答案：It　句意：就是在这个湖里发现了失踪已久的明代宝剑。该句为强调句型。‎ ‎2．[2015·广东高考]Andy is content with the toy.________ is the best he has ever got.‎ 答案：It　句意：安迪很满意这个玩具。这是他至今得到的最好的玩具。It指代the toy。‎ ‎3．________ is up to you to decide whether we should go or not.‎ 答案：It　句意：由你决定我们是去还是不去。be up to sb.“由……决定”。‎ ‎4．[2015·四川高考]________ has been a month since I came to this new school and I really ‎ want to share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing.‎ 答案：It　句意：自从我来到这所新学校已经一个月了，我真想和你分享一下我经历的一些问题。It has been＋时间段＋since...“自从……已经多久了”。‎ ‎5．I thought he would be too old to get to the top of the mountain, but he made ________ at last.‎ 答案：it　句意：我原以为他年纪大爬不到山顶，但最后他做到了。‎