【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题七选五类型典题训练15篇（28页word版答案含有解析）

【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题七选五类型典题训练15篇（28页word版答案含有解析）

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题 七选五类型典题训练15篇 真题验证 题　　组　　一 ‎　　　　 ‎(2017·全国Ⅰ)‎ If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill－cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me. 　　1.D　　‎ The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. 　　2.C　　 We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor's bill for my son's food poisoning.‎ I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun－filled holiday in the wilderness. 　　3.A　 Instead, we had a pop－up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature－loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life. ‎ ‎　4.F　　 We have done a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twenty－eight－foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built－in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains. ‎ ‎　5.E　　 It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you find your way in style.‎ A．This time there was no tent.‎ B．Things are going to be improved.‎ C．The trip they took me on was a rough one.‎ D．I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.‎ E．I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping. ‎ F．After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.‎ G．There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall. ‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者对野营活动由抵触到喜欢的转变过程。‎ ‎❶　解析：考查上下文的连贯。上文说，作者一开始对野营产生过抵触情绪。但是，从下文可知，作者后来喜欢上了野营活动。本空表示意义的转折，承上启下，为下文做铺垫。故选D。‎ ‎❷　解析：考查前后句的连贯。根据下文可知，这次野营活动从住宿、饮食到洗澡都很艰苦。故选C，对下文内容进行概括。‎ ‎❸　解析：考查前后句的连贯。前句说，作者被说服参加另一次野营活动，后句说，这次野营活动有舒服的床和空调。故选A，起承上启下的作用。‎ ‎❹　解析：考查上下文的连贯。本段讲述作者一家开始野营，并采购很多野营的装备。由此可知，自上次活动以来作者一家对野营活动非常感兴趣。故本空选F。‎ ‎❺　解析：考查总结概括的能力。上文讲述了作者对野营活动由抵触到感兴趣的转变过程，由此可见，作者已经完全喜欢上了野营活动。故本空选E。‎ ‎　　　　 ‎(2017·全国Ⅱ)‎ Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you're trying to get work done.　　1.B　　，there are several ways to handle things. Let's take a look at them now.‎ ‎　　2.A　　.Tell the person you're sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time.‎ When people try to interrupt you, have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that you'll find them then. 　　3.E　　.It can help to eliminate(消除) future interruptions.‎ When you need to someone, don't do it in your own office.　　4.D　　， it's much easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you ‎ are If you have a door to your office, make good use of it. 　　5.G　　. If someone knocks and it's not an important matter. Excuse yourself and let the person know you're busy so they can get the hint(暗示) than when the door is closed, you're not to be disturbed.‎ A．If you're busy, don't feel bad about saying no B．When you want to avoid interruptions at work ‎ C．Set boundaries for yourself as your time goes D．If you're in the other person's office or in a public area E．It's important that you let them know when you'll be available F．It might seem unkind to cut people shirt when they interrupt you G．Leave it open when you're available to talk and close it when you're not 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了避免工作时被打断的几种方法。‎ ‎❶　解析：考查承启句。根据上文的“Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with”以及下文的“there are several ways to handle things”可知，工作时被打断是要处理的最糟糕的事情之一，有几个处理事情的办法。空处承上启下，应选B项。‎ ‎❷　解析：考查主题句。根据下文的”Tell the person you're sorry...ask if the two of you can talk at a different time”可知，本段讲述的是当你忙的时候，要拒绝别人打断你。故A项符合文意。‎ ‎❸　解析：考查承启句。根据上文的“let them know to come back during that time or that you'll find them then”及下文的“It can help to…”可知，此处指让他们知道你什么时候有空是很重要的。故选E项。‎ ‎❹　解析：考查承启句。根据上文的“don't do it in your own office”以及下文的“excuse yourself to get back to your work”可知，你如果不在自己的办公室里，就更容易给自己找到借口返回来工作。故选D项。‎ ‎❺　解析：考查承启句。根据本段的首句“If you have a door to your of fice，make good use of it”以及下文的“when the door is closed”可知，G项符合文意。‎ ‎　　　　 ‎(2017·北京)‎ Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month.　　1.C　　‎ ‎ One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 　　2.E　　 We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.‎ ‎ Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day. 　　3.F　　‎ Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. 　　4.G　　 The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.‎ If Tononi's theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night's, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information－our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.‎ Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. 　5.B　　 “You keep what matters，” Tononi says.‎ A．We should also try to sleep well the night before.‎ B．It's as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.‎ C．Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.‎ D．The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.‎ E．That's why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.‎ F．“Sleep is the price we pay for learning，” says Giulio ‎ Tononi, who developed the idea.‎ G．Tononi's team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.‎ 文章大意：这是一篇说明文。文中主要探讨了充足的睡眠帮助人们巩固新记忆，为第二天的全新记忆腾出空间。‎ ‎❶　解析：考查前后句的连贯。所有的动物都睡觉，但其原因仍然是谜。当实验室的老鼠不被允许睡觉时，它们一个月内就死了。同样，人类如果连续几天不睡觉，就会生病。所以C项正确。‎ ‎❷　解析：考查前后句的连贯。第二段首句指出一个观点，即睡眠帮助人们巩固新的记忆。而E项则支持该观点，其中That指代的就是睡眠帮助巩固新的记忆这一观点。所以E项正确。‎ ‎❸　解析：考查前后句的连贯。空前讲，睡眠会为第二天的新记忆腾出空间，且由第四段第一句中的人称代词he可知，F项正确。‎ ‎❹　解析：考查前后句的连贯。空前讲，有最直接的证据证明Tononi的观点是对的，而空后的内容介绍了实验结果，故可推知空处应是介绍了Tononi做的相关实验，故G项正确。‎ ‎❺　解析：考查前后句的连贯。根据空前的关键词protected，stayed以及空后的keep，matters可知，B项正确。‎ ‎　　　　 ‎(2017·浙江)‎ How to Do Man－on－the－Street Interviews The man－on－the－street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the sport. 　　1.D　　 But with these tips, your first man－on－the－street interview experience can be easy.‎ ‎ When your boss or professor sends you out to do man－on－the－street interviews for a story, think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it. For example, if your topic is about environmental problems in America, you might ask, “Why do you think environmental protection is important in ‎ America？” 　　2.G　　‎ ‎ Hit the streets with confidence. 　　3.B　　 Say, “Excuse me, I work for XYZ News, and I was wondering if you could share your opinion about this topic.” This is a quick way to get people to warm up to you.‎ ‎● Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not interested in talking on camera. Don't get discouraged.‎ ‎●　　4.A　　 Each interview that you get on the street shouldn't be longer than ten minutes. As soon as you get the answer you need, move on to the next person. Make sure that as you go from interview to interview, you are getting a variety of answers. If everyone is giving you the same answer, you won't be able to use it. A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten. 　　5.F　　 ‎ ‎● If your news station or school requires interviewees to sign release forms to appear on the air, don't leave work without them.‎ A. Limit your time.‎ B. As you approach people, be polite.‎ C. If you don't own a camera, you can buy one.‎ D. For new reporters, this can seem like a challenging task.‎ E. To get good and useful results, ask them the same question.‎ F. That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need.‎ G. With a question like this, you will get more than a “Yes” or “No” reply.‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。街头采访对于新手记者来说可能是一大挑战，但只要按照作者在文章中提到的几个技巧来做，你也可以完美地完成任务。‎ ‎❶　解析：解本题可用句意判断法。由空格后的but以及can be easy可以反推，该空讲的应该是街头采访并非易事，选项D“对于新手记者，这可能像是一项有挑战性的任务”符合语境。本设空类型为过渡句类。‎ ‎❷　解析：解本题可用词汇锁定法。本段说去采访前要列出大约十个与采访话题相关的问题，并在空前给出例子“Why do you think...？”选项G中With a question like ‎ this中的question指的就是这个问句。本设空类型为细节理解类。‎ ‎❸　解析：解本题可用关联逻辑法。空格后的excuse me以及I was wondering if you could...都体现了采访者的礼貌。这与选项B“当你接近人们时，要有礼貌”前后照应。本设空类型为过渡句类。‎ ‎❹　解析：解本题可用设题位置法。显然，该空要填本段的段落小标题。根据空格后的“你在街上的每次采访都不应超过十分钟”可知进行街头采访时要控制好时间。选项A正合语境。本设空类型为段落主题句类。‎ ‎❺　解析：解本题可用词汇锁定法。选项F“这一数量的采访应该能给你你所需要的全部答案”中的that number of interviews与空格前的a safe number of interviews to conduct(采访的保险数量)前后照应。本设空类型为段落总结类。‎ ‎　　　　 ‎(2016·北京)‎ The Science of Risk－Seeking Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth tasking.　　1.F　　Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us.Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.‎ The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk－takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring.　　2.C　　As the quality of risk－taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.‎ So why aren't we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk－taking could get one killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay－in－the－cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it.　　3.A　　‎ No matter where you are on the risk－seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years.　‎ ‎　4.E　　To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.‎ ‎　5.G　　For the risk－seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.‎ As experts continue to study the science of risk－seeking, we'll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.‎ A．It all depends on your character.‎ B．Those are the risks you should jump to take.‎ C．Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.‎ D．Thus, these well－equipped people survived because they were the fittest.‎ E．This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.‎ F．However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.‎ G．New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.‎ 文章大意：这是一篇说明文，作者讲的是有关冒险的科学的探索方面的内容。‎ ‎❶　解析：选项F中的“weigh risks and rewards”与上文的“weigh the risk and the reward”相呼应，故F项符合语境。‎ ‎❷　解析：选项C中的“Being better at those things”与上文的“were better at hunting，fighting，or exploring”相呼应，因此选C。‎ ‎❸　解析：前文说人们有各种不同的性格，因此你可能喜欢赛车，或者讨厌赛车，故A项“这完全是由你的性格决定的”符合语境。‎ ‎❹　解析：根据上文的“your willingness...teenage years”及下文的“hunger for new experiences...”可知E项符合语境。‎ ‎❺　解析：根据空后的“For the risk－seekers...becomes ‎ active”可知，此处讲的是面对紧张的局面时我们的大脑会有不同的反应，故G项符合语境。‎ 题　　组　　二 ‎　　　　 ‎(2016·全国Ⅰ)‎ Secret codes (密码)keep messages private. Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.‎ People have used secret codes for thousands of years.　　1.D　　Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.‎ There are three main types of cryptography.　　2.E　　For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”‎ ‎　　3.G　　You might represent each letter with a number, for example. Let's number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26.If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 5 20 13 5.”‎ A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book.　　4.F　　For example, “bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.”　　5.A　　However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.‎ A．It is very hard to break a code without the code book.‎ B．In any language, some letters are used more than others.‎ C．Only people who know the keyword can read the message.‎ D．As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.‎ E．You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word ‎ spell it out.‎ F．With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.‎ G．Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.‎ 文章大意：文章主要介绍了与密码学相关的一些情况。‎ ‎❶　解析：根据后面一句“Code breaking never lags(落后)far behind code making”可知，此空该选D(只要有密码的存在，人们就会试图去破解它们)。‎ ‎❷　解析：根据后一句的“For example，the first letters of ‘My elephant eats too many eels’ spell out the hidden message ‘Meet me.’”可知，此空该选E(你可以拼写每个单词的第一个字母来隐藏信息)。‎ ‎❸　解析：上一段介绍了第一种密码类型，本段介绍的是第二种密码类型，再根据空后的内容可知，空处选G(另外一种隐藏信息的方式是用符号来代表字母表中的特定字母)。‎ ‎❹　解析：由前一句的“a code book”和空后的“‘bridge’ might stand for...‘me.’”可知，此空该选F(有了密码书，你就可以写下代表其他单词的单词)。‎ ‎❺　解析：本段介绍的是密码书，根据空后的转折可知，此处该选A(没有密码书是很难破解密码的)。‎ ‎　　　　 ‎(2016·全国Ⅱ)‎ A garden that's just right for you Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts？　　1.F　　.But it doesn't happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.‎ ‎●　　2.A　　‎ Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening ‎ methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料)．　　3.E　　.However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.‎ ‎●Recall (回忆)your childhood memories Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Gradnma's rose garden and Dad's vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that's not what's important.　　4.C　　—how being in those gardens made us feel. If you'd like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth.　　5.G　　.Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown－up garden. Have fun.‎ A．Know why you garden B．Find a good place for your own garden C．It's our experience of the garden that matters D．It's delightful to see so many beautiful flowers E．Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants F．You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too G．For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何种植一个正好适合你的花园。‎ ‎❶　解析：考查上下文的衔接。根据文章首句及下文的“But it doesn't happen by accident”可知，这里是在讲“你是否曾去过一个花园……但是它不是偶然发生的”。故F项“You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden，too”符合语境。‎ ‎❷　解析：考查子标题。根据下文中的“a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden”可知，本段的主题应与你想要种植花园的原因有关，故选A项。‎ ‎❸　解析：考查上下文的衔接。根据上文的“Some people may think...”和“Others are concerned about...”可知此处表达的是人们种植花园的不同原因，而E项中的“Still others may simply ‎ enjoy...”与上下文衔接自然，故选E项。‎ ‎❹　解析：考查上下文的衔接。根据上文的“...but that's not what's important”和下文中的“how being in those gardens made us feel”可知此处讲的应是什么是重要的，故C项符合语境。‎ ‎❺　解析：考查上下文的衔接。上文的“the gardens of your youth”以及下文的“your childhood memories”与G项中的“those gardens”和“the strongest memory you have”相呼应，故选G项。‎ ‎　　　　 ‎(2016·浙江)‎ Five Things Nobody Told Me about College As I type this, I am in my university dorm room. A year ago, when I was awaiting to hear the results of my college applications, I often went to websites for some type of insider look on what college would be like. However, there's only so much that prep books, websites, and older friends can teach. Here are the top 5 things nobody told me about college：‎ ‎　　1.F　　‎ Nobody entering a university knows exactly what they want to study.If they tell you otherwise, they're lying and will probably change what they want to purse within the first quarter of attendance. During my first quarter at University of California, Riverside (UCR)，I thought that I wanted to study Political Science with its focus on International Affairs, so that's what I applied for. However, once I worked with statewide and local government, I realized that a better fit for me would be Public Policy, and now I am in the process of changing my area.‎ ‎　　2.C　　‎ ‎ In college, there are so many good chances for you to meet your expectations. However, there is a very important difference between wanting to do something and applying for something. In order for you to take full advantage of the conferences, research, internships(实习)，and fellowships that your university offers, apply! Step into your academic ‎ advisor's office, introduce yourself, and begin making the valuable connections that are necessary to help during the rest of your college career.Great things happen when you step out of your comfort zone, and you would be surprised on how many chances exist if you just ask.‎ ‎　　3.E　　‎ College is where you meet your bridesmaids, groomsmen, neighbors, and potential bosses. The relationships you develop now will probably be linked to the ones you value later, so be wise about the people who you invest yourself in. You are only one person, and you do not have time to waste on people who would rather cause drama or mess up with your purpose. Surround yourself with uplifting individuals who challenge you to be better while loving you for who you are, and be patient to the people who are the complete opposite of that description.‎ ‎　　4.B　　‎ As a first－year, I was afraid to make any noise towards campus issues that I noticed. It was not until I became involved in student government that I gained the confidence to handle projects that I created with the help of ASUCR Office of the President. During my first quarter, I spoke directly to the Chancellor(校长), asking him for support towards my initiatives(提议), met with the Vice Chancellors, and cooperated with my teaching assistances to begin my undergraduate research project. Nothing good will happen when you are silent.‎ ‎　　5.A　　‎ At my high school，there were about only four active clubs and organizations that students could be a part of. Imagine my surprise when I stepped foot onto UCR's campus，where over 400 organizations exist，ranging from political organizations to karate club. You are not paying all of your tuition(学费)to merely go to class，study，pass tests and graduate. Make something worthy out of your experience. Create stories that you will want to tell your grandchildren one day. It all begins here，by ‎ signing up to join an organization.‎ A．Get involved in student activities B．Your voice is actually super important C．There is a significant increase of opportunities D．Stay in active communication with your friends E．Get smart about the people who you spend your time with F．Your major does not matter as much in your first year of college 文章大意：本文是说明文，主要内容是“关于大学，别人不会告诉你的5件事情”。‎ ‎❶　解析：根据第二段的“Nobody entering a university knows exactly what they want to study.”可知，很多人刚进入大学时并不确切地知道自己想学什么，而且你学的专业在第一年也不是最关键的，故选F项。‎ ‎❷　解析：从本段的“In college, there are so many good chances for you to meet your expectations”可知，本段主要讲述在大学里，机遇有很多，故选C项。‎ ‎❸　解析：根据本段的“you do not have time to waste on people who...”可知，该段主要讲述了在大学里怎样与人交往、与什么样的人交往，故选E项。‎ ‎❹　解析：根据本段的“afraid to make any noise towards campus issues”和“Nothing good will happen when you are silent”可知，本段主要讲述在大学里要表达自己的想法，而不是保持沉默，故选B项。‎ ‎❺　解析：根据本段的“where over 400 organizations... join an organization”可知，本段主要讲述了要积极参加大学里的各种学生社团活动，故选A项。‎ ‎　　　　 ‎(2015·北京)‎ This Way to Dreamland Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what's happening around them. They ‎ can seem forgetful and clumsy.　　1.B　　They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things.‎ But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history.　　2.C　　 Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions?‎ So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool?‎ First, understand that some opportunities(机会) for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams.　　3.A　　And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you're daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings.‎ It's also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate. “Mindfulness”， being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep.　　4.E　　‎ Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away.　　5.G　　‎ Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds.‎ A．Having interesting things to think about also helps.‎ B．They stare off into space and wander by themselves.‎ C．Without wandering minds, we wouldn't have relativity, Coke or Post－it notes.‎ D．At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.‎ E．It involves slow, steady breathing for self－control that helps people stay calm and attentive.‎ F．Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand.‎ G．Therefore, it's a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you're in the daydream zone.‎ 文章大意：文章说明了“白日做梦”现象事实上很有助于创造性思维的开发。‎ ‎❶　解析：第一段说的是大众印象中的白日做梦有哪些弊端，选项在文章前后句中起到段内逻辑连接的作用。故选B。‎ ‎❷　解析：本段话锋一转说到了白日做梦其实有着很多的好处。选项前后依然是顺承关系，故选C。‎ ‎❸　解析：由前文可知本段在讲述如何巧妙地做白日梦，故选A项。‎ ‎❹　解析：第五段叙述了在人们需要集中注意力时，如何避免做白日梦。由E项中的calm and attentive可知选E。 ‎ ‎❺　解析：本选项中有逻辑词therefore，可为做题线索之一；前句讲好的想法随时会出现，所以选带个本子随时记，合情合理。故选G。‎ ‎　　　　 ‎(2015·全国Ⅰ)‎ Building Trust in a Relationship Again Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences.　　1.B　　Trust is a risk.But you can't be successful when there's a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.‎ Unfortunately，we've all been victims of betrayal. Whether we've been stolen from，lied to，misled，or cheated on，there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply can't trust anymore.　　2.E　　It's understandable，but if you're willing to build trust in a relationship again，we have some steps you can take to get you there.‎ ‎●　　3.A　　Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well－being.‎ ‎●　　4.C　　If you've been betrayed，you are the victim of your circumstance. But there's a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”．At some point in all of our lives，we'll have ‎ our trust tested or violated.‎ ‎●You didn't lose “everything”．Once trust is lost，what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle，look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life.　　5.G　　 Instead，it's a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.‎ A．Learn to really trust yourself.‎ B．It is putting confidence in someone.‎ C．Stop regarding yourself as the victim.‎ D．Remember that you can expect the best in return.‎ E．They've been too badly hurt and they can't bear to let it happen again.‎ F．This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.‎ G．Seeing the positive side of things doesn't mean you're ignoring what happened.‎ 文章大意：文章主要讲述了一旦失去了信任，如何再次建立信任。‎ ‎❶　解析：根据前一句Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences.可知选项B中的it代指上文刚出现的trust。故选B。‎ ‎❷　解析：根据前句Sometimes people simply can't trust anymore.可知他们受到严重的伤害且不能忍受再次发生。故选E。‎ ‎❸　解析：根据后句Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well－being.可知此段主要讲述要学会信任自己。故选A。‎ ‎❹　解析：根据后句If you've been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance.可知此段主要讲述不要认为自己是受害者。故选C。‎ ‎❺　解析：根据前一句Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life.和后一句Instead, it's a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and ‎ forgiveness.可知既要看到事情的积极面，也不要忽视所发生的事情。故选G。‎ 模拟强化 ‎　　　　 ‎(2018·广东省七校联合体第二次联考)‎ It is necessary to be reasonable and flexible enough to avoid conflicts as much as possible and live in peace with others. 　　1.G　　 If you have done all your best to avoid conflicts and you are still arguing, then read these effective tips on how to avoid conflicts.‎ Don't get in the center of the conflict.‎ Sometimes people can get in the center of conflicts due to their enthusiasm for offering help. Frankly speaking, it is very unwise, because it can make you the main figure of the conflict. 　　2.D　　 You should focus on your own life issues. ‎ Be kind.‎ ‎　　3.F　　 Life is full of conflicts and disagreements, and that's why you should find more conservative ways of dealing with them. For example, kindness can lessen the conflict. ‎ Try to be a peacekeeper.‎ Peacekeepers tend to cooperate with people without bad emotions which usually lead to arguments and even conflicts. “　　4.A　　”This saying is the life motto of a natural－born peacekeeper. Don't worry if you are not a natural－born peacekeeper; you can gain this skill during life.‎ Walk off.‎ When the conflict is gathering pace and you can't manage to control yourself, you should choose to handle the situation in another way. By all means, try to keep yourself away from stress. 　　5.E　　 You should get away from the situation for a while. ‎ A．The greatest victory is a battle not fought.‎ B．Conflicts are unavoidable, so try to accept them.‎ C．Weak people usually desire others to offer help and support.‎ D．Let other people solve their problems without your presence.‎ E．It is helpful to put some distance between yourself and the opponent.‎ F．When someone pushes you to the limit, try to act kindly towards this person.‎ G．Arguing can either break your friendship or affect your relationship to some degree.‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了几条有效避免冲突的建议。‎ ‎[段意梳理]　‎ 第一段：开门见山，给出全文话题——避免冲突很有必要，将介绍几条避免冲突的建议。‎ 第二段：避免冲突的建议之一——不要卷入冲突中心。‎ 第三段：避免冲突的建议之二——要和善。‎ 第四段：避免冲突的建议之三——努力成为调解人。‎ 第五段：避免冲突的建议之四——远离冲突。‎ ‎❶　解析：根据空前一句“It is necessary to be reasonable and flexible enough to avoid conflicts as much as possible and live in peace with others”可知，尽量避免冲突是十分有必要的；据此可以判断，空处承上启下，介绍冲突的严重危害，引出文章主题，故G项正确。‎ ‎❷　解析：根据空后一句“You should focus on your own life issues”可知，作者建议把注意力集中在自己的事情上；据此可以判断，空处建议“让其他人自己解决他们自己的问题”，故D项符合文意。‎ ‎❸　解析：根据该段标题“Be kind”可知，该段主要阐述“和善待人”的建议，这与F项中的“try to ack kindly towards this person”照应，故F项符合文意。‎ ‎❹　解析：根据空后一句“This saying is the life motto of a natural－born peacekeeper”可以判断，空处是调解人的一句格言。A项意为“最伟大的胜利是一场没有战斗的斗争”，符合文意，故A项正确。‎ ‎❺　解析：根据空前一句“By all means, try to keep yourself away from ‎ stress”可知，这时作者建议要远离冲突，离开对手；据此可知E项符合文意。‎ ‎　　　　 ‎(2018·河北省石家庄市二模)‎ How to Make Sure You Enjoy Your Trip A trip is a planned destination where one arranges in advance in which the main purpose is to search for adventure and to create a memorable moment. Here are the steps on how to make sure your trip is enjoyable.‎ ‎●Plan it well. Trips are ideally planned for them to go well. 　　1.G　　 A check list is helpful, making sure you've got all your needs.‎ ‎●Pack necessities. Bring what you need. Trips are short journeys and belong to the sub－level of traveling. Pack only the things you need.　　2.F　　‎ ‎●Be safe. To be cautious is smart. No matter what you are up to, surfing, cliff diving, snowboarding, scuba diving... , it is always recommended to be safe. 　　3.E　　 Don't be stubborn and put yourself in harm when there are precautions.‎ ‎●　　4.A　　 You may see delays, a different culture, lifestyle, food, and even a shortage of cash sometimes—these are all what travel is about—experiencing things with a new perspective. Once you expect to experience new things, you'll be a happy traveler and free from stress.‎ ‎●Save the memory. 　　5.D　　 This is not one of those regular days so you ought to save the moment. It will make your trip more enjoyable after all that craziness; you get something to review the good times.‎ A．Travel with an open mind.‎ B．Get prepared for everything new.‎ C．This is all we expect from a trip.‎ D．Seize the moment by taking pictures.‎ E．It is important to wear protective equipment when advisable.‎ F．It is easy to get tired if you have too many things in your package.‎ G．Take your time, a day or a week ahead to make a plan for your trip.‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了五条让旅行更愉快的建议，包括精心计划、打包必备物品、注意旅行安全、敞开心扉旅行、保存美好记忆。‎ ‎[段意梳理]　‎ 第一段：开门见山，给出全文话题——旅行探险让人难忘，本文将介绍几条让旅行更愉快的建议。‎ 第二段：确保旅行愉快的第一条建议——精心计划。‎ 第三段：确保旅行愉快的第二条建议——打包必备物品。‎ 第四段：确保旅行愉快的第三条建议——注意旅行安全。‎ 第五段：确保旅行愉快的第四条建议——敞开心扉旅行。‎ 第六段：确保旅行愉快的第五条建议——保存美好记忆。‎ ‎❶　解析：根据本段第一句“Plan it well”可知，本段主要介绍第一条建议——精心计划；G项中的关键词“make a plan for your trip”介绍为旅行制订计划，故选G项。‎ ‎❷　解析：根据空前一句“Pack only the things you need”可知，仅带上必要的东西；据此可以判断，空处介绍带上不必要的东西的麻烦，故选F项。‎ ‎❸　解析：根据空前一句中的“it is always recommended to be safe”可知，不管参加何种活动，安全第一；据此可以判断，空处介绍穿戴安全设备的重要性，故E项正确。‎ ‎❹　解析：根据空处所在的位置可知，空处为本段主题句；根据本段最后一句“Once you expect to experience new things，you'll be a happy traveler and free from stress”可知，当你期望体验新事物的时候，你将成为远离压力的快乐的旅行者；据此可以判断，本段主要建议“敞开心扉旅行”，故A项正确。‎ ‎❺　解析：根据本段第一句“Save the memory”可知，本段主要介绍第五条建议——保存美好记忆；据此可知，D项“用拍照留住记忆”与此处匹配。‎ ‎　　　　 ‎(2018·山西省太原市二模)‎ Developing good study habits isn't easy. 　　1.F　　 In this way, you'll become more and more successful as a student.‎ ‎ Start by allowing no interruptions. 　　2.B　　 You have to ‎ give 100 percent of your attention to your work. Don't allow yourself to be distracted by friends or fellow students. Keep your goal in mind; know what you have to do and when it needs to be done. Don't let other people influence you into not doing your work.‎ ‎　3.A　 If you study best in the morning, plan to do your hardest subjects first. Remember not to leave today's work till tomorrow. A delay like this is called “procrastnation”. If you delay for any reason, you'll find it more and more difficult to get things done when you need to. You may rush to make up the time you wasted getting started, resulting in carelessness and error filled work. ‎ Another good way to study is to take part in partnered and group－study sessions. These allow students to share ideas, and help each other deal with difficult material. 　　4.G　　‎ Forming good study habits can be difficult at first, and requires energy and a strong will. But if you commit yourself to it, success will be yours. 　　5.C　　 By doing so, you will know that you have tried. If you are satisfied with what you've done and know that you have tried your best, your grade will be the icing on the cake.‎ A．Figure out when you're most productive.‎ B．It's impossible to study while chatting or watching TV.‎ C．Always give your best in the classroom and in study sessions.‎ D．Putting off your task for any reason can make it difficult to finish on time.‎ E．You may do well enough but maybe you can hardly achieve your goal easily.‎ F．But start with a plan, put in a lot of hard work, and studying will become easier.‎ G．In addition, learning among students is a good way of getting a firmer grasp of the material.‎ 文章大意：本文主要介绍了养成良好的学习习惯的方法和策略。‎ ‎[段意梳理]　‎ 第一段：导入主题——如何让学习更容易。‎ 第二段：学习的时候不要被打断，避免分散注意力。‎ 第三段：弄清楚学习的最佳时机。‎ 第四段：参与团体学习有助于提高学习效率。‎ 第五段：养成良好的学习习惯需要全力以赴，投入大量的精力，意志要坚强。‎ ‎[难句分析]　If you delay for any reason, you'll find it more and more difficult to get things done when you need to.‎ 分析：本句是一个复合句。句中If引导条件状语从句； when引导时间状语从句。‎ 译文：如果因为某种原因你延误的话，你会发现当你需要做的时候，完成这些事情变得越来越难。‎ ‎❶　解析：承接上文“Developing good study habits isn't easy”可推知，此处表示还是有比较容易的办法的，所以选F项。‎ ‎❷　解析：承接上文“Start by allowing no interruptions”并与下文“Don't allow yourself to be distracted by friends or fellow students”呼应可推知，学习要专注，边学习边聊天或者看电视是不可能的，所以选B项。‎ ‎❸　解析：承接下文“If you study best in the morning，plan to do your hardest subjects first”并根据本段的整体内容可推知，本段主要讲的是弄清楚学习的最佳时机，所以选A项。‎ ‎❹　解析：承接上文“These allow students to share ideas，and help each other deal with difficult material”可知，集体学习有助于分享观点，帮助彼此解决困难的学习材料，从而更牢固地掌握学习内容，所以选G项。‎ ‎❺　解析：承接下文“By doing so，you will know that you have tried.If you are satisfied with what you’ve done and know that you have tried your best，your grade will be the icing on the cake”可推知，在学习过程中要竭尽全力才能够成功，所以选C项。‎ ‎　　　　 ‎(2018·河南省郑州市第三次质量预测)‎ Self－talk helps us all Talking to yourself may seem a little shameful. If you've ever been overheard criticizing yourself for a foolish mistake or practicing a speech, you'll know the social problems it can cause. 　　1.A　　 Talking to ourselves, whether out loud or silently in our heads，is valuable. Far from being a sign of madness, selftalk allows us to plan what we are going to do, manage our activities and control our emotions.‎ Psychologists call self－talk the private speech—language that is spoken out loud but directed at yourself. We do a lot of it when we are young. As children, we use private speeches to control our actions in the same way that we use public speeches to control the behavior of others：　　2.C　　‎ Psychological experiments have shown that this so－called inner speech can improve our performance in tasks like telling what other people are thinking. One recent study suggests that self－talk is the most effective when we talk to ourselves in the second person: as “you” rather than“ I”．‎ We keep the private speech we use as children inside—but we never truly put away the out loud version. 　　3.B　　 You're sure to see an athlete shouting at himself or herself.‎ ‎　　4.G　　 Hearing different points of view means our thoughts can end up in different places, leading to a solution to a problem，just like a regular dialogue, and might turn out to be one of the keys to human creativity.‎ Both kinds of self－talk—silent and out loud—seem to bring many different benefits to our thinking.　　5.E　　‎ A．But there's no need for embarrassment.‎ B．If you want proof，turn on a sports channel. ‎ C．As we grow older，we keep this system inside. ‎ D．Take a trip to any preschool and watch a small child playing with ‎ toys.‎ E．Words to the self, spoken silently or aloud, are so much more than just chatter.‎ F．According to the well－known saying, talking to yourself is the first sign of madness.‎ G．Self－talk seems to be a very good way of solving problems and working through ideas.‎ 文章大意：本文主要介绍了自言自语的益处。‎ ‎[段意梳理]　‎ 第一段：不必对自言自语感到羞耻，其实自言自语益处多多。‎ 第二段：自言自语的本质分析。‎ 第三段：研究表明自言自语可以改善谈话表现。‎ 第四段：自言自语的例证。‎ 第五段：自言自语是一种很好的解决问题的办法。‎ 第六段：总结说明自言自语益处多多。‎ ‎[难句分析]　Hearing different points of view means our thoughts can end up in different places, leading to a solution to a problem，just like a regular dialogue, and might turn out to be one of the keys to human creativity.‎ 分析：Hearing different points of view是动名词短语作主语；leading to a solution to a problem是现在分词短语作结果状语。‎ 译文：听到不同的观点意味着我们会有不同的想法，从而可以解决一个问题，就如一次平常的对话，有可能会成为人类创造力的一个关键。‎ ‎❶　解析：根据下文的“Talking to ourselves...is valuable”可知，自言自语益处多多，所以没有必要感到尴尬，所以选A项。 ‎ ‎❷　解析：根据上文的“We do a lot of it when we are young”可推知，长大后我们把这套做法隐藏起来了，所以选C项。‎ ‎❸　解析：根据下文的“You're sure to see an athlete shouting at himself or herself”可推知，我们看电视时会看到运动员冲自己大声叫喊，所以选B项。‎ ‎❹　解析：根据下文的“leading to a solution to a ‎ problem”可知，自言自语也是一种很好的解决问题、理清思路的办法，所以选G项。‎ ‎❺　解析：根据上文的“Both kinds of self－talk—silent and out load—seem to bring many different benefits to our thinking”及文章的主题可推知，此处指自言自语益处多多，比聊天好许多，所以选E项。‎ ‎　　　　 ‎(2018·东北三省四市教研联合体二模)‎ Mary had feared the day she would draw a blank during a presentation. Then one day during a 45－minute speech, it happened. 　　1.D　　. To help herself get back on track, Mary asked the audience to look at the handout and tell herself what topic was up next. At the end of her presentation, audience members gave her top marks for organization.‎ ‎“What I learned is that the audience doesn't care if you mess up, and what they care about is what you are going to do about it，” Mary said. “My nervousness went away when I concentrated not on myself, but instead just thought, ‘How is my speech going to help the audience？’ 　　2.E　　. Every single step of the way, ask yourself, What's in it for them？'”‎ ‎　3.B　　‎ Carter is the founder of a Canada－based presentation skills training company. When possible, he gets to the location of his presentation the day before to make sure all the electronic aids work. He wants to ensure the screen, lighting and inputs all work properly.“ In addition, build an extra plan before you present, ”he said.‎ Involve the audience Whether you are giving a one－on－one talk or a speech in front of 400 people, think “story－telling”. 　　4.G　　. The way to a person's head is through their heart. Sometimes all it takes is a few seconds to connect an audience member with a story.‎ Moreover, one thing that shocks people back into attention is to leave an almost uncomfortably long pause.　　5.C　　‎ A．Keep order B．Be prepared C．That brings them back to the speaker D．She forgot what she was going to say E．Once you do that, you will get rid of the fear F．Story－telling makes messages easy to remember G．Stories combine data and information with emotion 文章大意：本文主要介绍了面对观众演讲时遇到的一些问题及解决方法。‎ ‎[段意梳理]　‎ 第一段：Mary解决了自己演讲时头脑空白的情况而且获得了观众的好评。‎ 第二段：Mary反思自己在演讲中学到的经验及自己是如何克服紧张感的。‎ 第三段：确保演讲需要的所有的设备都准备好了。‎ 第四段：让观众参与到你的演讲中。‎ 第五段：较长时间的停顿会把观众的注意力唤回来。‎ ‎❶　解析：空处在这里起承上启下的作用，呼应首句中的“draw a blank”和下句中的“To help herself get back on track”由此可知，Mary在演讲中大脑一片空白，不知道下面该讲什么，所以选D项。‎ ‎❷　解析：Mary对自己的演讲进行反思，认为演讲时不要只关注自己，而要把注意力放在思考自己的演讲能给观众带来什么上，一旦这样做，就不觉得害怕了。所以选E项。‎ ‎❸　解析：Carter做演讲前会去演讲场地检查设备能否使用，这些都是为演讲做准备，所以选B项。‎ ‎❹　解析：对应前面的story－telling，此处表示故事把信息、数据和感情融合起来，这样就容易进入观众的内心，打动观众。所以选G项。‎ ‎❺　解析：空前的“shocks people back into attention”与选项C中的“brings them back to the speaker”相对应，表示长时间的停顿会唤回观众的注意。所以选C项。‎