【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解精选：（6）词义猜测七选五2

【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解精选：（6）词义猜测七选五2

词义猜测+七选五2‎ ‎1、Self-driving cars are so popular that the University of Michigan has even established a town called Mcity to allow car manufacturers to safely test their autonomous cars.‎ While Mcity can be used to simulate(模拟) many real-life road conditions, it cannot help test gestures drivers use to communicate their intention to other drivers, pedestrians or cyclists. To find a solution, US car manufacturer Ford, with researchers from Virginia Tech, initially considered using text as a way to communicate the car's intention, but decided it would probably not work universally. The option of using symbols was also discarded, because research shows that a majority of people do not have a good understanding of what they mean.‎ Finally, the researchers settled on light signals. A white light warned that there were no humans in the car. A slow blinking one indicated that the car was coming to a stop, while a rapidly flashing light cautioned passersby that the car was about to accelerate.‎ Then came the big challenge-testing the signals on real roads. “We needed to try out this new lighting to communicate the intention of the vehicle, but if you’ve got a driver behind the seat, you still have natural communication between humans,” said Andy Shaudt, who led the Virginia Tech research team. “So we needed to make it look like a driverless ear.”‎ The team designed a car seat costume(戏装) that the driver would wear to cover his/her face and upper body. Of course, the drivers could see very clearly. The researchers then equipped the car with cameras to capture human reactions to a light bar on the windshield(挡风玻璃), which flashed one of the three signals when appropriate. Six drivers, all keeping their hands low on the wheel so as not to be detected, took turns to test driving the car through the busy streets.‎ The overall reaction to the flashing lights was very encouraging. Who knew costumes could be useful for more than Halloween?‎ ‎1. What did the team first consider using as a way to communicate the car's intention?‎ A. Light B. Language C. Symbols D. Sound ‎2. The underlined word “they” in the second paragraph refers to .‎ A. svmbo1s B. drivers C. researchers D. flashes ‎3. What does a rapidly flashing light mean?‎ A. The car was coming to a stop B. There was no driver in the car C. The car was about to speed up D. The car was about to slow down ‎4. The car seat costume was intended to .‎ A. amuse the driver B. attract the pedestrians C. warn the cyclists D. confuse the people ‎2、Yes, the bird that calls loudly at your window an hour before your alarm goes off is annoying, but : how does it learn to sing like that? More specifically, how does it learn to sing that particular song when surrounded by a chorus of other birdy voices? For years，scientists have wondered if birds are born knowing their distinctive calls or if they, learn the behavior over time.‎ In a study，ecologists found that even if other : species of birds raised young nestlings (雏鸟）， the nestlings would still respond more strongly to the songs of their own species. Each songbird s vocal taste was determined at least in part—by genetics (遗传学）.‎ For the study, the researchers examined the pied flycatcher(斑姬鹟）and collared flycatcher(白领姬鹟），two birds that live on the same island in the . Baltic Sea. They knew that nestlings in each species ： would start to visibly respond to their species' songs as early as 10 days after they hatched. The ecologists wanted to see if swapping out eggs in the nest would affect the birds' responses to song. In other words，could the baby birds be tricked into learning a totally new birdsong if that's all they heard after hatching?‎ But the birds weren’t fooled by the old switcheroo. Collared flycatcher nestlings responded more strongly to recordings of collared flycatcher adults，opening their little beaks (嘴）and looking around intently(专注地）for the source of the noise一and basically ignoring the pied flycatcher songs. The pied flycatcher nestlings raised by collared flycatchers behaved in a similar way. That suggests to them that there was a genetic component to the song preference.‎ ‎“Song differences across species are vital for birds to choose appropriate mates and negotiate complex social interactions. A genetic basis for song discrimination in early life may help explain how song differences are maintained in a noisy，diverse world，” David Wheatcroft said.‎ And the world is getting noisier. In addition to rival(竞争的）birdsongs, birds also have to contend with—and adapt their songs to—human noises like traffic.‎ 1. What can we infer from the first paragraph?‎ A. Birds can sing like a musical band.‎ B. Birds practice their singing in the morning.‎ C. Birdsongs have been a mystery for long.‎ D. It is annoying to hear birdsongs.‎ 2. What does the underlined word “switcheroo” in the fourth paragraph mean?‎ A. Jokey action.‎ B. Sudden change.‎ C. Tricky behavior.‎ D. Simple movement.‎ 3. What does the last paragraph suggest?‎ A. Noise pollution is a challenge for birds.‎ B. Birds compete with humans for a quieter world.‎ C. Traffic noise makes birdsongs much noisier.‎ D. Birdsongs lead to a noisier world.‎ 4. What is the main idea of the passage?‎ A. Song discrimination helps birds communicate.‎ B. Environment affects birds' song preference.‎ C. Birdsongs are a learned behavior.‎ D. A bird’s song might he in her genes.‎ ‎3、People often feel anonymous (匿名) on the Internet. They believe their browsing behaviors and what they buy or write can be private as they want. In fact, that’s far from true, a new study finds.‎ Websites usually offer a statement that describes what they may or may not do with data about a user’s activities. You might be attracted to read through that entire document. But be prepared for disappointment. These documents tend to list only a small part of the websites which are allowed to have access to your data. Therefore, it’s impossible for users to make informed judgments about how private their online activities are.‎ The new research explored the disclosure on data-sharing by 200, 000 websites. These included the Arkansas state government homepage and the Country Music site. The study ‎ analyzed how these sites shared data with third parties. Such recipients of your data could be advertisers or companies that make money by selling personal data. The study also examined how those sites had described their policy for protecting the data privacy.‎ Timothy Libert, who works at Oxford University, studies data privacy. For this analysis, he used a software tool called webXray. It tracked 1.8 million data shared by each of those websites with third-party data collectors. Only 14.8% of those data went to third parties that were named in the sites privacy policies.‎ Data that were transferred to widely familiar third parties—Google, Facebook and Twitter—were more likely to be leaked than those were transferred to unknown parties. Libert found that 38.3% of data sent to Google had been leaked.‎ Even if a website listed all of the third parties it shared your data with, users still might never learn how widely their data had been shared. Why? Third parties that receive data can later share those data again. Think of your data now being transmitted to anonymous fourth and fifth parties. Getting online is “sort of like throwing beans in the air,” Libert concludes. “There’s no way to know where your data end up.”‎ ‎1. What aspect of the websites statements will disappoint people?‎ A. The length of the documents. B. The reliability of the information.‎ C. The readability of the contents. D. The accuracy of the language.‎ ‎2. What does the underlined word “disclosure” in paragraph 3 probably mean?‎ A. Reveal. B. Money.‎ C. Disappointment. D. Advertisement.‎ ‎3. What did Libert find in his study?‎ A. More than a quarter of data-sharing went to unnamed third parties.‎ B. The data on the Internet is always kept secret by third parties.‎ C. Widely familiar third parties could collect users’ data more difficultly.‎ D. Widely familiar third parties were more likely to leak out users’ online data.‎ ‎4. What is the best title for the text?‎ A. Famous websites are no longer safe B. Private data can no longer be private C. Data-sharing is becoming very unpopular D. Large companies make money by selling personal data ‎4、    Crossing your legs is an extremely common habit; most people don’t even notice that they’re doing it when they sit down. While you may find it comfortable to sit with one knee crossed over the other, it might be causing health problems that you are not aware of. ‎ ‎    A study published in Blood Pressure Monitoring stated that sitting with your legs crossed can increase your blood pressure. The reason this happens is because the blood in your legs has to work against gravity to be pumped back to your heart, crossing one leg over the other increases resistance, making it even harder for the blood to circulate. This causes your body to increase your blood pressure to push the blood back to the heart. You won’t feel any immediate effects, but if you sit for long periods of time it’s important that you take note of how long you have your legs crossed for. You shouldn’t have your legs crossed for more than 15 minutes, and it’s important that you get up and walk around at least once every hour. ‎ ‎    Crossing your legs can also lead to neck and back pain. Ideally, it’s best for our bodies to sit with our feet planted flat, hip width apart, on the floor, but it’s not easy to maintain perfect posture all day at the office. When you sit with your legs crossed your hips are in a twisted position, which can cause one of your pelvic(骨盆的) bones to rotate. Since your pelvic bone supports your neck and spine, this can cause pressure on your lower and middle back and neck. ‎ ‎    You also might notice that when you sit with your legs crossed for long periods of time your feet and legs get tingly or have the feeling of being asleep. This is because when one leg sits on top of the other it causes pressure on the veins and nerves in your legs and feet. It can cause numbness and/or temporary paralysis in the legs, ankles, or feet. While the feeling of discomfort may only last a minute or two, repeatedly crossing your legs until they feel numb can cause permanent nerve damage. ‎ ‎    So next time you sit down, try to get yourself in the habit of sitting with both of your feet on the floor. Not only will it help your posture and stability, but it will also save your health in the long run. 1.What does the underlined word “tingly” (in paragraph 4) mean? A.a slight stinging feeling B.a clear ringing ‎ sound C.a pleasant warm feeling D.a strong excitement feeling 2.According to the study, what influence does sitting with your legs crossed have on your health?①increasing your blood pressure ②neck and back pain③pressure on the veins and nerves ④permanent nerve damage A.①④ B.③④ C.①②③ D.①②④ 3.What is the purpose of this passage?  A.To increase people’s knowledge of sitting with their legs crossed. B.To introduce the bad influences that sitting with their legs crossed has on people. C.To help people form the habit of sitting with their legs. D.To advocate getting rid of sitting with their legs.‎ ‎5、How to Enjoy Life As a Teen ‎    Your high school days maybe not the "best years of your life", but you can learn to make the most of them ①__________‎ ‎    Learn to appreciate small things. Whether it's having a good supply of food, a bed to sleep on, family that loves you, having a decent education or simply being born in this world. Remember that the point of life is for you to enjoy it ②__________ ‎ ‎   Choose your friends wisely. Being sociable and participating in colorful activities increase your chances of meeting new friends. However, you don't have to have many friends to be happy ③__________  , not those who like your certain brand of shoes.‎ ‎   ④__________  There is nothing more satisfying than seeing your hard work pay off in the form of A's and B's (but mainly A's). This also gives you opportunity to go to a better college, which in turn prepares you for a better career and better quality of life in the future. Plus, excellent academic level means no angry parents.‎ ‎   You can pursue interests you enjoy  ⑤__________Use your spare time to either to do voluntary work to gain practical skills for college apps, job resumes, and scholarships, or get into ‎ something in the creative field like painting or dance, because this is the time to start developing and uncovering passions that might otherwise lie dormant.‎ A. Having a healthy body leads to a healthy and happy mind.‎ B. Be happy, and life will reward you.‎ C. Keep your grades up.‎ D. But you do need those who like you who you are,‎ E. Work at a job you can enjoy.‎ F. Here are some important points about to enjoy life as a teen.‎ G. You can find a hobby that is meaningful or practical.‎ ‎6、Many people have difficulty getting up early, including me. I used to try to open my eyes many times before I could get up. Recently, things have changed after I read stories like this one,"Getting up early changed my life.” Here are the benefits IVe seen so far from changing my old routine.‎ I have more energy As I said, I was a sleepy person while I still loved sleeping. I now have an extra burst of energy. I’m less weak in the office,and I’m more attentive and ready to work. Once, ①__________,and even coffee could not get me ready for the clay. But now a good workout can.‎ I have more confidence The enough energy leads to more confidence. I feel better after a workout. Also, after getting sweaty,I have to take time to shower, of course. ②__________‎ ‎③__________‎ Getting up earlier and using my energy earlier make me so unbelievably ready for sleep at the end of the day. My old routine would consist of getting up at the last possible minute before work and being absolutely exhausted to try to fall asleep. Have you ever felt so tired that you can’t fall asleep? ④__________‎ I have more time ‎⑤__________Now that I've shifted my schedule, I have a little more time after work to take care of myself,whether that’s spending time with friends,cooking a healthier meal, reading and studying, or even just watching a movie.‎ A. I sleep better B. I’m more consistent C. It sounds ridiculous, but it happens D. I’d have to skip my workout in favor of a social life E. I had a hard time trying to wake up physically and mentally F. Speaking of that old routine, my days used to consist of work and sleep G. This means I go through my full morning routine instead of just staying in bed ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 答案以及解析 ‎1答案及解析：‎ 答案：1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 解析： 【1题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据To find a solution, US car manufacturer Ford, with researchers from Virginia Tech, initially considered using text as a way to communicate the car’s intention得知美国福特厂商最初考虑使用文本语言作为一种传达汽车意图的方法。故选B。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据The option of using symbols was also discarded, because research shows that a majority of people do not have a good understanding of what they mean. 得知使用符号的选择也被放弃了，因为研究表明大多数人不知道他们的含义。这里的代词“他们”指的是前面的symbol，故选A。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据while a rapidly flashing light cautioned passersby that the car was about to accelerate.得知快速打闪表明提醒路人汽车要加速了。故选C。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据The team designed a car seat costume(戏装) that the driver would wear to cover his/her face and upper body. Of course, the drivers could see very clearly.The researchers then equipped the car with cameras to capture human reactions to a light bar on the windshield(挡风玻璃), which flashed one of the three signals when ‎ appropriate.得知研究人员设计了一套座位服装，可以覆盖司机的脸和上身，可以推断出为了愚弄行人。故选D。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2答案及解析：‎ 答案：1-4：CBAD 解析：‎ ‎1.C推理判断题。‎ ‎【关键句】For years，scientists have wondered if birds are born knowing their distinctive calls or if they learn the behavior over time.(第一段最后一句）‎ 译文：多年来.科学家们一直想知道，鸟是天生就懂它们独特的叫声还是经过后天长期习得的。‎ ‎【解题思路】根据关键句以及第一段内容可推知，在很长一段时间内，鸟的叫声都是一个谜。故选C。‎ ‎2.B词义猜测题。‎ ‎【解题思路】根据第三段中的实验研究，将鸟未孵化的蛋在鸟巢中互相交换再结合画线词所在句中的 “But the birds weren’t fooled”可推知，此处指这些小鸟并没有被这种突变（交换）欺骗。所以画线词应意为“突然的变化”，与B项意思相近。故选B。‎ ‎3.A推理判断题。‎ ‎【解题思路】根据最后一段内容可知，世界变得越来越嘈杂，鸟类不得不与这些噪音污染竞争，所以噪音污染对鸟类来说是一种挑战。故选A。‎ ‎4.D主旨大意题。‎ ‎【解题思路】根据全文内容可知，研究人员通过研究鸟鸣证明了鸟叫有可能与它们的基因有关。D项概括了文章主旨。故选D。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3答案及解析：‎ 答案：1. B 2. A 3. D 4. B 解析： 【1题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中的Websites usually offer a statement that describes what they may or may not do with data about a user’s activities.（网站通常会提供一份声明，说明他们可以或不可以处理用户活动的数据）及But be prepared for disappointment. These documents tend to list only a small part of the websites which are allowed to have access to ‎ your data.（但要做好失望的准备。这些文档往往只列出允许访问您的数据的一小部分网站）可推知，网站声明信息的可靠性会让人们失望。故B选项正确。‎ ‎【2题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线词后的data-sharing by 200, 000 websites（20万个网站数据共享）可知，划线词所在句句意为“这项新研究探索了20万个网站数据共享的披露情况。” A. Reveal披露；B. Money钱；C. Disappointment.失望；D. Advertisement广告。故A选项正确。‎ ‎【3题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的Data that were transferred to widely familiar third parties—Google, Facebook and Twitter—were more likely to be leaked than those were transferred to unknown parties.（被转移到广为人知的第三方——谷歌、面谱和推特——的数据比被转移到未知方的数据更容易被泄露）可知，广泛熟悉的第三方更有可能泄露用户的在线数据。故D选项正确。‎ ‎【4题详解】标题判断题。通读全文可知，人们在网上常常觉得自己是匿名的。他们相信他们的浏览行为和他们购买或写的东西可以是他们想要的隐私。事实上，一项新的研究发现，事实远非如此。因此，B项“私人数据不再是私有的”适合做本文最佳标题。故B选项正确。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.A; 2.D; 3.D 解析：1.词义猜测题第四段中“…when you sit with your legs crossed for long periods of time your…or have the feeling of being asleep’’” …causes pressure on the veins and nerves in your legs and feet”” …While the feeling of discomfort…”可知，这是由于长期跷二郎腿导致的刺痛感或者麻木感。 tingly在文中表示“有刺痛感的”。故选A。 2.细节理解题根据文章第二段第一句可知①正确；第三段第一句可知②正确；第四段第二句可知，③表述不准确，应是跷二郎腿对腿脚的影响，而不是全身的影响；第四段最后一句可知，④正确。故选D。 3.主旨大意题文章阐释说明跷二郎腿对人体健康的影响。文章在最后一段呼吁人们,不要就坐时跷二郎腿,而应该保持两脚平放,这样有助于平稳的状态和长久的健康。故选D。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎5答案及解析：‎ 答案：B; D; C; F; E 解析：1.  根据前文中Remember that the point of life is for you to enjoy it,尤其是句中enjoy一词,对应了B选项中happy一词。G选项为误导项,G选项表述的是要求青少年不要懈怠学业,选项中的slack off是“懈怠,偷懒”之意。故选B。 ‎ ‎2.  根据后面In fact, many of the "friends" you have...wearing a certain brand of shoes or something like that得知,此处讲述的是如何明智的选择朋友。故选D。 ‎ ‎3.  根据前文Keep your grades up. 和后文 you have at least a B or A average.得知,要在学校里面保持学业上的先进性。故选C。 ‎ ‎4.  根据后文Participating in clubs, activities, and sports increases your chances of meeting new friends. 可知,学生要多参与社交活动,从而结交新友,增进友谊。故选F。 ‎ ‎5.  此处讲述的是工作经历在高中生活中的重要性。Work是关键词。故选E。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎6答案及解析：‎ 答案：E; G; A; C; F 解析：‎ 语篇解读文幸从四个方面译调了早起的好处。‎ ‎1. E细节句。空后谈到,即使咖啡也很难使“我”有精神,所以早起对 “我”来说很难。由此判断,不论是身体上还是精神上醒来,对“我”来说都很艰难。E项符合题意^‎ ‎2. G细节句。根据空前信息“出一身汗之后得洗澡”可知,作者早晨能做更多的事情,故G项符合題意,意为“这就意味着我不再是单纯地待在床上而是完成了早上的日常工作”。‎ ‎3. A主旨句。根据本段内容可知,早起有助于晚上睡得更好,故A项 “I sleep better”符合本段主旨。‎ ‎4. C细节句。由空前问句“Have you ever fell so tired that...”可知,C选项符合对空前问句的回答,即晚上很累但依然不能人睡的情况听起来很荒谬但确实存在。‎ ‎5. F细节句。根据空后信息可知,作者现在除了工作和睡觉外,可以和朋友聚会、做饭、看电影、读书等,而F项是作者描述的以前的情况,以前生活中只有工作和睡觉,故与下文吻合。‎ ‎ ‎