2018届译林版选修9一轮复习：Unit4Behindbeliefs单元学案设计（30页）

2018届译林版选修9一轮复习：Unit4Behindbeliefs单元学案设计（30页）

‎2018届译林版选修9一轮复习：Unit4Behind beliefs单元学案设计 话题词汇 ‎1.progress n.进步，发展；前进 ‎2.outstanding adj.杰出的；显著的 ‎3.personality n.个性；品格 ‎4.educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的 ‎5.determine vi.确定；决定；下定决心 ‎6.explore v.探索；探测；探险 ‎7.make great contributions to对……做出巨大贡献 ‎8.be honored as被誉为……‎ ‎9.make efforts to do sth.努力做某事 ‎10.devote oneself to献身于，专心于 话题佳作 中国历史上有很多伟大的女性，孟子的母亲就是其中的一位。请你根据下面表格所提供的信息，用英语给你所在的学校的英语校报写一篇100词左右的文章，介绍这位伟大的女性。‎ 孟子(Mencius)的母亲 时期 战国时期邹国人 成就 她含辛茹苦把3岁丧父的孟子抚养成人，将其培养成中国圣人之一。‎ 事迹 为了孟子有好的学习环境，孟母不惜三次搬家；为了让逃学的孟子一心向学，孟母剪断已织好的布，来教育孟子只有持之以恒才能获得渊博的知识。‎ 佳作欣赏 Almost every Chinese knows Mencius’ mother，one of the greatest women in the history of China.She lived in Zou in the Warring States Period.When Mencius was only three years old，his father died.His mother endured a lot of hardship bringing him up.The great woman educated Mencius so well that he became one of the wisest men in China.In order to offer him a good environment，Mencius’ mother moved their home three times.For a time little Mencius often played truant.His mother cut the cloth which she had weaved for several days to tell him how important perseverance is when a person is doing a thing.The great mother’s behavior made Mencius realize he was wrong and promise not to let his mother down any more.And at last，as Mencius’ mother expected，Mencius became one of the great men in history.‎ 名师点睛 本文先开门见山指出文章主题——介绍孟子母亲，然后围绕要点信息进行介绍，最后进行综合性总结评价。文章运用了时间状语从句、结果状语从句、限制性定语从句、宾语从句和非限制性定语从句等高级句式，同时使用了诸如：bring up，offer sb. sth.，let sb.down等高级词汇，使得文章内容充实，层次分明，表达流畅。‎ ‎1.neat adj.整洁的，整齐的，有条理的 ‎2.underline vt.强调；突出；加下划线 ‎3.burden n.负担，重担，重负；v.(使)担负 ‎4.delicate adj.易碎的，脆弱的；纤细的，精致的 ‎5.vague adj.模糊的，隐晦的；不详细的，粗略的 ‎6.deliver vt.& vi.递送，运送；发表(演讲)，宣布 ‎7.strike vt.击打；撞击；攻击；罢工；敲(钟)；划(火柴)‎ ‎8.straightforward adj.简单的，易懂的；坦诚的，率直的 ‎9.agricultural adj.农业的 agriculture n.农业 ‎10.pray vi.& vt.祷告，祈祷 prayer n.祷告，祷辞 ‎11.shorten vt.& vi.(使)缩短 short adj.缺少的；短的 ‎12.ripen vt.& vi.(使)成熟 ripe adj.成熟的；适宜的，时机成熟的 ‎13.thorough adj.彻底的，完全的；深入的，细致的 thoroughly adv.完全地，彻底地 ‎1.in use在使用着 ‎2.be reduced to沦为 ‎3.count on依靠，依赖 ‎4.catch on受欢迎，流行 ‎5.by and by不久，过一会儿 ‎6.hire oneself out打工，受雇于人 ‎7.translate...into...将……译成……‎ ‎8.be centred around/centre around围绕，以……为中心 ‎1.There are monks studying Buddhist classics here，and many Buddhists come here for prayer every year.‎ 有和尚在这里研习佛经，而且每年有很多佛教徒来这里祈祷。‎ ‎2.The White Horse Temple has seen a lot of history.‎ 白马寺历史悠久。‎ ‎3.The White Horse Temple is important to Chinese people and history，and as such，it is one of the first historic buildings that the government listed to receive special state protection.‎ 对于中国人民和中国历史来说，白马寺具有重要意义，正因如此，它被政府列为首批受国家重点保护的历史建筑。‎ ‎ strike vt.& vi.打；罢工；(时钟等)敲响(报时)；擦(火柴)；撞击；侵袭；给(某人以……)印象；突然想起 n.罢工；打击 ‎(1)A snowball struck him on the back of the head.‎ 一个雪球打中了他的后脑勺。(朗文词典)‎ ‎(2)It strikes me that you are not serious about it.‎ 我觉得你并未把这事当真。‎ be struck with/by为……所袭击(感动)‎ It strikes me that...我觉得……；我的印象是……‎ sth.strike sb.(＝sb.strike on sth.)某人想到……‎ be on strike在罢工 go on strike举行罢工 基础知识训练——[写出下列句子中strike的汉语意思]‎ ‎(1)The clock has just struck 10.(钟)敲 ‎(2)He hit me，so I struck him back.打 ‎(3)The girl struck a match and lit a candle.擦(火柴)‎ ‎(4)She was struck by his kindness.打动 ‎(5)They have been on strike for several days.罢工 ‎(6)A big earthquake struck the area last week.侵袭 写作能力提升——[一句多译]‎ ‎(7)我突然想起我把书忘在教室里了。‎ ‎①It struck me that I left my book in the classroom.(stike)‎ ‎②It hit me that I left my book in the classroom.(hit)‎ ‎③It occurred to me that I left my book in the classroom.(occur to)‎ ‎ burden vt.装载；使负担 n.负担，重担，重负 ‎(1)In order to earn some extra money and reduce my family’s burden，I’d like to go to a foreign capital company to find a parttime job.‎ 为了多挣一些钱，减轻家人的负担，我想去一家外资企业找到一份兼职工作。(2016·全国I)‎ ‎(2)I don’t want to burden you with my problems.‎ 我不想让我的问题给你增加负担。‎ burden sb./oneself with sth.加负担于某人或自己 lay a burden on sb.给某人增加负担 be burdened with sth.负重 基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)Too much homework is a burden to students.‎ ‎(2)Don’t burden yourself with unnecessary problems.‎ ‎(3)I don’t want to lay a burden on you.‎ 写作能力提升——[句式升级]‎ ‎(4)She was burdened with five children，so she had to work day and night.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)‎ Burdened with five children，she had to work day and night.‎ ‎ catch on学会；(思想、服饰等)受欢迎，流行起来；(被……)接受；理解，了解 ‎(1)The idea of glasses being a fashion item has been slow to catch on.‎ 眼镜也是一种时尚的概念慢慢开始流行起来。(朗文高阶)‎ ‎(2)He didn’t catch up with the first bus to work，so he had to take a taxi.‎ 他没有赶上第一班公共汽车去上班，只好坐出租车。‎ catch up with sb./sth.赶上……‎ catch sight of看见 catch one’s attention/eye吸引某人的注意 catch sb.doing...发现某人正在做……‎ ‎[写出下列句子中catch on的汉语意思]‎ ‎(1)The new dance quickly caught on among the students.流行起来 ‎(2)Please repeat what you said，I didn’t quite catch on.理解 ‎(3)Just keep trying.You’ll catch on soon.学会 ‎[完成句子]‎ ‎(4)但是我不肯定是否写得够好能引起他们的注意。(2016·全国I)‎ But I’m not sure if they are written well enough to catch their attention/eye.‎ ‎(5)卡尔是个外国人，不了解这个笑话的含义。‎ Being a foreigner，Carl did not catch on to the joke.‎ ‎(6)继续观察下去，说不定你可以看到意想不到的动物。‎ Keep looking up，and you may catch sight of some unexpected creatures.‎ ‎(7)她撞上他抽烟。‎ She caught him smoking a cigarette.‎ ‎ An idiom is a group of words or an expression whose meaning is not straightforward，because it often cannot be understood by looking at the meanings of its separate words.习语是由一组词或词组组成的，其意义不容易懂，因为仅看单独单词的意义是无法理解的。‎ ‎(1)A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.‎ 失去双亲的孩子叫孤儿。‎ ‎(2)Please pass me the book whose cover is blue.‎ 请递给我蓝色封面的书。‎ whose作为关系代词引导定语从句，在定语从句中作定语。既可指人，也可指物。指人时，相当于of whom；指物时，相当于of which。‎ ‎[用适当的关系代词填空]‎ ‎(1)Nobody wants the house whose windows are broken.‎ ‎(2)The room whose windows face south is mine.‎ ‎(3)The room the windows of which face south is mine.‎ ‎(4)The scientist whose name is known all over the world will give us a talk.‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 ‎ Proverbs are popular around the world.Many proverbs give advice about how to live.Some proverbs are hundreds of years old，but they are still used today.For example，my son is just like his father in many ways.We often say the two of them prove the proverb that “the apple does not fall far from the tree”.‎ My daughter is very short.She would like to be taller.But I tell her that “good things come in small packages”.The size of something is not always important.Some valuable things are very small，like diamonds and other jewels.‎ But I also tell my children that “all that glitters is not gold”.Do not be fooled by appearances.Something may look valuable，but may not really be valuable.Also，I tell them “do not judge a book by its cover”.You should not judge something only by its appearance.‎ Another proverb is “do not bite off more than you can chew”.This means do not try to do more than you are able to do.Sometimes I tell my children to cooperate to solve a problem.After all，“two heads are better than one”.Two people working together can get better results.But another proverb says “too many cooks spoil the broth”.If too many people try to do something，then the job will not be done well.‎ I also tell my children that “two wrongs do not make a right”.You should not do something bad just because someone did the same to you.Some people often worry about what they will do in a situation that might happen in the future.We could tell them “do not cross that bridge until you come to it”.‎ Finally，I always like this proverb：“You can catch more flies with honey than with vinegar”.Honey is sweet while vinegar is not.In other words，you can win people over to your side more easily with gentle persuasion than by unfriendly actions.‎ ‎1.The mother tells her daughter the proverb “good things come in small packages” to .‎ A.make fun of her B.comfort her C.discourage her D.praise her 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。从文章第二段可知，女儿嫌自己个子矮，母亲安慰她说“浓缩的都是精品”。‎ ‎2.Tom will learn three foreign languages at the same time，and his father tells him “ ”.‎ A.all that glitters is not gold B.do not judge a book by its cover C.two heads are better than one D.do not bite off more than you can chew 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。汤姆要同时学三门外语，显然任务太重学不好，很可能“贪多嚼不烂”，D项谚语恰好与之匹配。‎ ‎3.Tony never worries about his future as he believes the saying “ ”.‎ A.you can catch more flies with honey than with vinegar B.the apple does not fall far from the tree C.do not cross that bridge until you come to it D.good things come in small packages 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Some people often worry about what they will do in a situation that might happen in the future.We could tell them ‘do not cross that bridge until you come to it’.”可知。‎ ‎4.What’s the purpose of the author in writing this passage?‎ A.To give advice on how to deal with others.‎ B.To teach readers how to judge right from wrong.‎ C.To introduce some proverbs on daily life.‎ D.To tell the differences between some proverbs.‎ 答案　C 解析　主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Many proverbs give advice about how to live.”可知文章的写作目的是介绍几个与日常生活有关的谚语。‎ Ⅱ.七选五 ‎(2017·贵州铜仁一中月考)‎ How to Find the Perfect Career Too many people are not satisfied with their professional career and are “stuck” in situations that do not make them happy.Here are some wonderful actions you can take to begin the path to a truly happy career.‎ ‎• Talk to your friends.‎ Ask them，“what do you think I am best at”，or “what do you think I enjoy doing most”. 36 However，their advice may help you decide what you should do.‎ ‎• 5 ‎ Read some interesting magazines，books，newspapers or novels.They will give you a constant flow of ideas and keep the mind rich.‎ ‎• Talk to the happiest and most successful people you know.‎ ‎ 6 Be serious with your questions.And see if there is anything you can learn from them.Have these people become your teachers and friends.‎ ‎• Keep a journal(日记).‎ Writing down your ideas is an important practice for your career growth. 7 You never know when great ideas will come to your mind!‎ ‎• Develop patience.‎ You may want a change in your career right now. 8 Anyway，doing the practices mentioned above will bring about the right chance much faster.‎ A.Read as widely as possible.‎ B.This may seem like a strange conversation at first.‎ C.Ask them how they realized their dreams.‎ D.Changing careers can be very difficult.‎ E.Talk to your family members.‎ F.But it is necessary to be patient and wait for the right chance to come.‎ G.Carrying a notebook with you at all times is also a great idea.‎ ‎5.答案　B 解析　根据上句：问他们“你认为我最擅长什么”或者“你认为我最喜欢什么”‎ ‎，可知下句要表达的应该是：起初这好像是一个奇怪的谈话。故选B。‎ ‎6.答案　A 解析　此处是一个小标题。根据下文的意思可知是在鼓励人们读一些有趣的杂志、书、报纸或小说。故A项符合题意。‎ ‎7.答案　C 解析　根据下文：认真对待你的问题。看是否能从他们身上学到一些东西。可知上句的意思应该是：问他们是怎样实现梦想的。故选C。‎ ‎8.答案　G 解析　根据上句：写下你的想法是你职业成长的一个重要的实践。可知下句的意思是：你要随身携带笔记本，随时记下你的一些想法。故选G。‎ ‎9.答案　F 解析　根据上句：目前你可能想在事业上改变一下自己。可知下句的意思是：但是要有耐心，等待时机。故选F。‎ Ⅲ.短文改错 ‎(2017·辽宁六校协作体期中)‎ Dear Sophia，‎ I’m Li Hua from Beijing ABC Senior School.I’m happy to learn that you’re going to stay with my family while you’re in Beijing.‎ While you are here，we’ll provide you with a room of your own with a bed，a desk，a couple of chair and a TV.You’ll also have your own bathroom.Our school is quite close from our home，because we could go to school by bike.In noon we’ll eat at the school dining hall.I’m surely you’ll like the delicious Chinese food there，and enjoying talking with friends over lunch.Classes in our school usually finish at 4 in the afternoon.You can then join in other students in playing ball games or ‎ swimming.There will be a lot of funs.‎ If you have any questions or requests，please let me know.We’ll try our best to make my stay here in Beijing pleasant experience.‎ Best wishes，‎ Li Hua 答案 Dear Sophia，‎ I’m Li Hua from Beijing ABC Senior School.I’m happy to learn that you’re going to stay with my family while you’re in Beijing.‎ While you are here，we’ll provide you with a room of your own with a bed，a desk，a couple of and a TV.You’ll also have your own bathroom.Our school is quite close our home， we could go to school by bike. noon we’ll eat at the school dining hall.I’m you’ll like the delicious Chinese food there，and talking with friends over lunch.Classes in our school usually finish at 4 in the afternoon.You can then join in other students in playing ball games or swimming.There will be a lot of .‎ If you have any questions or requests，please let me know.We’ll try our best to make stay here in Beijing pleasant experience.‎ Best wishes，‎ Li Hua ‎10.答案　chair→chairs 解析　chair是可数名词，与a couple of搭配用复数。故chair改为chairs。‎ ‎11.答案　from→to 解析　be close to意为“离……很近”，为固定搭配。故把from改为to。‎ ‎12.答案　because→so 解析　句意为：我们学校离我们家很近，所以我们可以骑自行车上学。表示结果用so。故把because改为so。‎ ‎13.答案　In→At 解析　表示“在中午”用at noon。故把In改为At。‎ ‎14.答案　surely→sure 解析　作be动词的表语用形容词。故把surely改为sure。‎ ‎15.答案　enjoying→enjoy 解析　与like并列，应用原形。故把enjoying改为enjoy。‎ ‎16.答案　删除join后的in 解析　join sb.in (doing) sth.与某人一起做某事。故删除join后的in。‎ ‎17.答案　funs→fun 解析　fun是不可数名词，不能用复数。故把funs改为fun。‎ ‎18.答案　my→your 解析　句意为：我们会尽我们所能让你在北京的逗留成为一次愉快的经历。故把my改为your。‎ ‎19.答案　pleasant前加a 解析　experience作“经历”讲时是可数名词，表示“一次愉快的经历”，用不定冠词，pleasant是辅音音素开头的单词。故在pleasant前面加a。‎ Ⅳ.书面表达 最近，某科技公司推出一款新型手机，请你根据下表提示，为该款手机写一篇英文广告。‎ 品名 Smart Mobile Phone 8‎ 用途 除了具备手机的一般功能外，还具备一般便携式电脑的功能，支持4G、WiFi等上网模式。‎ 特点 体积小，重量轻，易携带，价格合理，适合移动办公人士使用。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ 参考范文 Smart Life from Our Smart Mobile Phone 8‎ It stands out among all the other smart mobile phones that are on sale now and will make your life smarter in an allaround way!‎ Besides the general functions as a handset，it also serves as a laptop，with which you can surf the Internet wherever you are by using the 4G or WiFi model.It is so smart that it is ideal for office workers who are always on the go.‎ It is small in size and light in weight，so you’ll feel it very convenient and easy to carry.What’s more，it is a highquality product sold at a reasonable price.‎ 单元写作专题指导 图表说明文 图表分类：1.数字表、函数关系图、曲线图(graph)；2.表格(table)；3.几何图形(figure)；4.图形表、饼状图(pie chart)；5.条状图、柱状图(bar chart)；6.平面图、示意图、外形图(diagram)。‎ 图表说明文一般可分三个层次来写：1.按照题目要求描述图表反映的总情况，即概括大意。2.对数字进行仔细的比较，抓住特点进行分析、归纳并找出产生变化的原因。3.可写读图表后的想法、结论、评论或针对反映出的问题采取的解决措施。‎ 注意：1.考生应仔细研究题目及提示信息，认清图表中的数字、线条、阴影等部分的变化趋势和走向，抓住其主要特点，然后根据图表所显示的中心信息确定内容层次以及主题句。‎ ‎2．考生应仔细研究图表所给出的大量信息，从中选取最重要、最有代表性的信息，然后根据全文的主旨去组织运用所获取的关键信息。切忌简单地罗列图表所给出的信息。‎ 一、写作常识 ‎1．常用的描述句型 ‎(1)The table/chart/diagram/graph shows (that)．..‎ ‎(2)According to the table/chart/diagram/graph...‎ ‎(3)As is shown in the table/chart/diagram/graph...‎ ‎(4)As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures...‎ ‎(5)We can see from the figures/statistics...‎ ‎(6)It is clear/apparent from the figures/statistics...‎ ‎2．图表中数据(data)的具体表达法 ‎(1)数据(data)在某一个时间段固定不变：fixed in time ‎(2)在一系列的时间段中转变：changes over time ‎(3)增加：increase/raise/rise/go up...‎ ‎(4)减少：decrease/grow down/drop/fall/decline ‎(5)稳定：remain stable ‎3．描写变化的形容词及副词 ‎(1)rapid/rapidly ‎(2)dramatic/dramatically ‎(3)significant/significantly ‎(4)sharp/sharply ‎(5)steep/steeply ‎(6)steady/steadily ‎(7)gradual/gradually ‎(8)slow/slowly ‎(9)slight/slightly ‎(10)stable/stably 二、写作模板 As (is) shown/indicated by the figure/in the table/graph/pie chart/chart， (讨论议题) has been increased/decreased significantly/steadily from to .From the sharp decline/rise in the chart，it goes without saying that .‎ There are at least two reasons accounting for .On the one hand， .On the other hand， is due to the fact that .In addition， is responsible for .Maybe there are other reasons to show .But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.‎ As far as I am concerned，I hold the view that .I am sure my opinion is ‎ both sound and wellgrounded.‎ 经典语篇 最近你校对中学生的消费情况进行了调查。请根据调查表提供的信息写一篇英语短文，简要介绍调查结果并谈谈你对中学生消费的看法。词数：100左右。　 ‎ 佳作欣赏 As can be seen from the diagram above，nowadays middle school students spend most of their pocket money on snacks，clothes，things for entertainment and social communications.However，they seldom buy learning resources.Furthermore，some of them are free to buy whatever they like without considering the income of their family and their needs.‎ In my opinion，it’s wrong of us students to consume blindly，such as following the fashion，pursuing famous brands of clothes.As we know，once seeking material comforts，we will lose the motivation of learning.Therefore，we should spend our pocket money on what we really need.Also，we should acquire a scientific outlook of consumption and focus on study.What’s more，it’s essential for us to develop a good habit of saving money.‎ 即时训练 假如你是高中三年级的学生李华，你在学校组织了一项“有烦恼向谁说”的调查活动。请用英语给校报编辑写一封信，反映相关的情况。内容包括：调查结果(如下图所示)、持相应想法的理由及你对调查结果的看法。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．信的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。‎ Dear Editor，‎ I am a Senior Three student.Recently we have carried out a survey—“To whom do you go when in trouble？” The results are as follows.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Hua 参考范文 Dear Editor，‎ I am a Senior Three student.Recently we have carried out a survey—“To whom do you go when in trouble？” The results are as follows.‎ ‎61% of the students surveyed select friends or schoolmates as their ideal listeners when they have troubles，the reason of which is that they are in the same age and have a better understanding of each other.Another 22% choose teachers and parents to talk to.They suggest that teachers and parents are rich in life and educational experience.Nevertheless，there are also 17% who don’t share their troubles at all.They say that their troubles are not others’ business.They find it hard to get along with ‎ others.‎ ‎ It is not easy to reach definite conclusions based on such a survey example.However，some general comments can be made.It seems clear from the response that some students lack communication with others.So teachers and parents need to play a more important role in their lives.‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Hua 单元综合知识测试 Ⅰ.阅读理解 ‎ ‎(2017·甘肃甘谷一中月考)‎ Using too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger，but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways.You may wonder how paving(铺砌) a road can lead to less useable fresh water.A major part of the water we use every day is groundwater.Groundwater does not come from lakes or rivers.It comes from underground.The more roads and parking lots we pave，the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater.‎ Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages(短缺).Drier climates are of course more likely to have droughts(干旱) than areas with more rainfall，but in any case，good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs.‎ Thinking about the way we use water every day can make a big difference，too.In the United States，a family of four can use 1.5 tons of water a day! This shows how much we depend on water to live，but there’s a lot we can do to lower the number.‎ You can take steps to save water in your home.To start with，use the same glass for your drinking water all day.Wash it only once a day.Run your dishwasher(洗碗机) only when it is full.Help your parents fix any leaks in your home.You can even help to keep our water supply clean by recycling batteries instead of throwing them away.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文，内容主要论及人类淡水资源的问题。文章先是分类说明人类活动将会对淡水资源的短缺与否造成影响，进而通过实例介绍在日常生活中我们应当如何节约使用淡水。‎ ‎1.Which of the following is most likely to lead to less groundwater?‎ A.Using river water.‎ B.Paving parking lots.‎ C.Throwing batteries away.‎ D.Throwing rubbish into lakes.‎ 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“The more roads and parking lots we pave，the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater.”可知，我们铺设的道路和停车场越多，可流入地面成为地下水的水就越少。所以选B。‎ ‎2.What can be inferred from the text?‎ A.It takes a lot of effort to meet our water needs.‎ B.All water shortages are due to human behavior.‎ C.There is much we can do to reduce family size.‎ D.The average family in America makes proper use of water.‎ 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“... good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs.”可知我们需要合理掌控水资源，故可推断，为满足我们的用水需求我们需要做出大量的努力，所以选A。‎ ‎3.The last paragraph is intended to .‎ A.show us how to fix leaks at home B.tell us how to run a dishwasher ‎ C.suggest what we do to save water at home D.prove what drinking glass is best for us 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据本段首句“You can take steps to save water in your home.”及下文中对几个建议的具体描述可知，这一段是建议我们在家里怎么做以节约用水，所以选C。‎ ‎4.The text is mainly about .‎ A.why paving roads reduces our water B.how human activity affects our water supply C.why droughts occur more in dry climates D.how much we depend on water to live 答案　B 解析　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要论述了人类活动对淡水资源的影响以及人们应如何节约使用淡水，故文章的重点和affect our water supply有关。所以选B。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎(2017·陕西西安长安一中质检)‎ Our character， 5 ，is a combination of our habits.“Sow a thought，harvest an action；sow an action，harvest a habit；sow a habit，harvest a character；sow a character，harvest a 6 ，” the saying goes.‎ Habits are powerful factors in our lives.Because they are consistent，often unconscious 7 ，they constantly，daily express our character and produce our effectiveness or ineffectiveness.‎ As Horace Mann，the great educator，once 8 it，“Habits are like a rope.We weave a string of it every day and soon it cannot be broken.” I personally do not agree with the last part of his 9 .I know habits can be learned and unlearned.But I also know it isn’t a(n) 10 fix.It involves a 11 and a faithful commitment.‎ Those of us who watched the lunar voyage of Apollo Ⅱ were quite amazed as we saw the first men walk on the moon and return to the earth. 12 to get there，those astronauts obviously had to break out of the huge gravity pull of the earth. 13 energy was spent in the first few minutes of 14 in the first few miles of travel than was used over the next several days to travel half a million miles.‎ Habits， 15 ，have huge gravity pull more than most people realize or would 16 .Breaking deeply 17 habits such as delay，hesitation，impatience or selfishness that go against basic principles of human effectiveness 18 more than a little willpower and a few minor changes in our lives.“Lift off” 19 a great effort，but once we break out of the gravity pull，our freedom 20 a whole new dimension.‎ ‎ 21 any natural force，gravity can work 22 us or against us.The gravity pull of some of our habits may 23 be keeping us from going where we want to go.But it is also gravity pull that keeps our world together，that keeps the planets in their orbits and our universe in order.It is a powerful force，and if we use it effectively，we can use the gravity pull of habit to create the cooperation and 24 ‎ necessary to establish effectiveness in our lives.‎ 语篇解读　本文属于议论文，讲述的是习惯对于一个人的影响：习惯塑造性格，性格决定人生。‎ ‎5.A.basically B.theoretically C.eventually D.personally 答案　A 解析　句意为：性格基本上就是习惯的综合体。basically根本上，本质上，基本上。故选A。‎ ‎6.A.medal B.hope C.fate D.moral 答案　C 解析　本句引用了一句英语习语：播种思想，收获行动；播种行动，收获习惯……播种性格，收获命运(即性格决定命运)。fate命运。故选C。‎ ‎7.A.efforts B.patterns C.methods D.ways 答案　B 解析　句意为：习惯具有连贯性，而且通常是以不知不觉的方式形成的。pattern模式，方式。故选B。‎ ‎8.A.advised B.put C.read D.thought 答案　B 解析　根据下文“Habits are like a rope...”可知，这里指就像伟大的教育家Horace Mann所说。as sb.put(s) it是固定表达，意为“正如某人所说……”。故选B。‎ ‎9.A.truth B.motto C.expression D.sentence 答案　C 解析　句意为：我个人不同意Horace Mann所说的最后一部分的说法。expression表达，说法，措辞。故选C。‎ ‎10.A.urgent B.slow C.quick D.convenient 答案　C 解析　根据下文“It involves a and a faithful commitment.”可知，习惯的形成是一个长久的坚持过程，不是快速形成的。a quick fix是固定表达，表示“速效对策或快速解决问题的方法”。故选C。‎ ‎11.A.process B.progress C.period D.devotion 答案　A 解析　根据上文“But I also know it isn’t a(n) fix.”可知，习惯是后天养成的，不是快速形成的，是一个过程。process 过程，进程。故选A。‎ ‎12.A.but B.because C.as D.if 答案　A 解析　句意为：但是，为了到那里，这些宇航员需要突破地球的巨大引力。根据句意可知表示转折。but但是。故选A。‎ ‎13.A.Much B.More C.Less D.Most 答案　B 解析　这句话使用more...than的固定搭配，表示“比……更”。句意为：在旅程前几分钟升空的时间里花费的努力要比在接下来的几天更多。故选B。‎ ‎14.A.launching B.raising C.traveling D.lifting 答案　D 解析　根据常识可知，飞船在刚开始时应该先升空，所以此处用lifting表示宇宙飞船“起飞，上升”的意思，故选D。‎ ‎15.A.however B.though C.too D.otherwise 答案　C 解析　此句拿habits与地球的引力相比，说明习惯对人的影响力就像地球的引力一样，too表示“也一样，也是如此”。 故选C。‎ ‎16.A.say B.predict C.admit D.assume 答案　C 解析　句意为：习惯比大多数人意识到或承认的有更大的影响。admit承认。故选C。‎ ‎17.A.rooted B.laid C.grown D.planted 答案　A 解析　根据下文“delay，hesitation，impatience or selfishness”可知，这些都是根深蒂固的习惯。deeply rooted 根深蒂固的，故选A。‎ ‎18.A.calls on B.calls for C.calls off D.calls in 答案　B 解析　句意为：打破根深蒂固的习惯需要一点坚强的意志力和我们在生活上的小变化。call for需要，需求。故选B。‎ ‎19.A.makes B.takes C.does D.brings 答案　B 解析　句意为：起飞需要很大努力。take a great effort是固定词组，意为“需要很大努力”。故选B。‎ ‎20.A.takes on B.carries on C.gives away D.turns out 答案　A 解析　句意为：我们的自由会呈现出一个全新的维度。 take on呈现出。故选A。‎ ‎21.A.As well as B.As for C.As with D.As like 答案　C 解析　句意为：和任何自然的力量一样，引力能对我们有利或不利。as ‎ with相当于like，意为“像，像……一样”。故选C。‎ ‎22.A.on B.by C.around D.with 答案　D 解析　与against形成对立的语义呼应，用work with us表示“与我们一起合作(共事)”。故选D。‎ ‎23.A.permanently B.instantly C.constantly D.presently 答案　D 解析　句意为：我们一些习惯的引力现在可能阻止我们去想去的地方。presently当前地，目前地，最近地。故选D。‎ ‎24.A.communication B.patience C.success D.order 答案　D 解析　句意为：我们可以利用习惯创造合作与秩序，从而维持我们生活的效率。order秩序、顺序。故选D。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 Susan in Her New Flat ‎(The bell rings.Susan’s mother is at the door.)‎ Mother：Hello，dear.Oh！I see I’ve arrived too late.You’ve almost completely settled in.‎ Susan：Not quite.By the way，I didn’t expect you 25.to come(come) here to ‎ work.Come in！I’ll show you the flat.This is the living room,26.which isn’t completely finished yet，but it’s comfortable enough to receive my friends，isn’t 27.it?‎ Mother：Well，of course！And that large balcony(阳台) is 28.really(real) very useful.You should plant some flowers there.‎ Susan：Don’t worry，mom.I 29.will plant(plant) some soon.But come and have a look at my bedroom.For the moment there is only a bed and a cupboard, but you’ll see，when I’ve got some 30.bookshelves(bookshelf) and a desk I’ll be able to work quite nicely.‎ Mother：And what’s more，quite a good bathroom!‎ Susan：I must say I looked 31.for nearly six months.I asked estate agents and friends and went through advertisements.‎ Mother：I hope the rent isn’t too 32.high.‎ Susan：No，it’s quite 33.reasonable(reason).But I’ve been lucky because most of the flats I 34.was offered(offer) were less comfortable and the rents were too high.‎ Mother：You’ve done very well！You’re really very lucky.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(2017·广东揭阳一中、潮州金中联考)‎ Texting(发短信) walkers aren’t just an annoyance to other walkers，Australian researchers armed with movie specialeffects technology have determined scientifically that they’re threats to themselves.Using motioncapture technology similar to that used for films，researchers concluded that texting while walking not only affects balance but also the ability to walk in straight line.‎ ‎“Some people like checking emails while walking to work in the morning，” said the study coauthor Hoorn，“But they may not know it has a serious effect on the safety of themselves.”Other facts have also proved this.A tourist from Taiwan ‎ walked off a pier near Melbourne last month while checking Facebook，bringing a sudden and icy end to a penguinwatching visit.Another person who was too wrapped up in his phone to notice dangers walked straight into the fountain in front of a shopping mall.‎ The Australian study involved 27 volunteers，a third of whom admitted having knocked into objects while texting.They were asked to walk 8.5 meters three times—once without phones，once while reading text and once while writing text，when eight cameras recorded their actions.‎ They found the volunteers using the phones walked slower，and，more seriously，they locked their arms and elbows in like “robots”，which forced their heads to move more，throwing themselves off balance.“In a pedestrian(步行的) environment，inability to maintain a straight path would be likely to increase potential for traffic accidents，” said Mr.Hoorn.“The best thing to do is to step aside and stop，or keep off the phone.”‎ Authorities worldwide have taken note.Signs on Hong Kong’s subway system advise passengers in three languages to keep their eyes off their phones.Police and transport authorities have highlighted the danger in Singapore，where the Straits Times newspaper recently declared cellphonedistracted road crossing as “bad habit No.2” contributing to the rising number of road deaths.Some U.S.states，including New York and Arkansas，are considering bans on what they’re calling phone jaywalking.‎ 语篇解读　本文属于议论文。短信是人们平时交流的方式，但是走路的时候发短信，这往往会带来一系列的交通安全问题。所以有些国家为了避免安全事故的发生，正在考虑对走路发短信进行立法。‎ ‎1.According to the passage，people texting while walking usually .‎ A.do not influence other walkers B.do harm to their eyes C.put themselves in danger D.can still walk straight 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Texting(发短信) walkers aren’t just an annoyance to other walkers，Australian researchers armed with movie specialeffects technology have determined scientifically that they’re threats to themselves.”可知，走路时发短信不但给他人带来不便，也把自己置于危险当中。故选C。‎ ‎2.Which of the following words has the closest meaning to “wrapped up” in Paragraph 2?‎ A.Absentminded. B.Annoyed.‎ C.Confused. D.Absorbed.‎ 答案　D 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Another person who was too wrapped up in his phone to notice dangers walked straight into the fountain in front of a shopping mall.”可知，这个人因为太专注手机而没有注意到危险，故选D。‎ ‎3.About the Australian study，we know that .‎ A.the volunteers using phones while walking moved normally B.ten volunteers admitted having bumped into things while texting C.the volunteers were divided into three groups during the study D.texting walkers are exposed to greater possibility of traffic accidents 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“...the volunteers using the phones walked ‎ slower...throwing themselves off balance.”及“...inability to maintain a straight path would be likely to increase potential for traffic accidents...”可知研究表明，走路发短信的人会失去平衡感，从而增加了交通事故的发生概率。故选D。‎ ‎4.The last paragraph suggests that .‎ A.actions have been taken against texting while walking B.Hong Kong’s subway system forbids texting walkers to take the train C.New York has made laws to ban phone jaywalking D.cellphonedistracted road crossing is considered the worst habit in Singapore 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Authorities worldwide have taken note.”可知，最后一段暗示世界各地对走路发短信已经采取了一些措施。故选A。‎ Ⅱ.七选五 ‎(2016·吉林东北师范大学附属中学一模)‎ The Benefits of Keeping a Journal If you want to grow，one important thing you should do is keeping a journal.It may seem simple，but it can make a big difference in your life.I have been keeping journals for years.Writing all the lessons I learn and all the ideas I get has become a habit for me. 5 Here are some benefits you will get by keeping a journal.‎ ‎◆ It prevents you from losing an idea.Have you ever gotten an idea only to lose it later because you didn’t write it down? I often experienced that myself.But then I developed the habit of writing down every idea that came into my mind as soon as possible. 6 I will then transfer the idea to the journal in my computer.‎ ‎◆ 7 By reviewing your journal，you can quickly see the lessons you’ve learned and the ideas you’ve gotten.Then you can do whatever necessary to avoid ‎ repeating the same mistakes.You can use the ideas to propel (鞭策) yourself forward.‎ ‎◆It allows you to see your progress over time.After keeping a journal for years，you can look back at it and see how far you’ve gone. 8 The raw ideas you had in the past might have been realized today.‎ ‎◆ It helps you expand your ideas.When you try to come up with a sentence to express an idea，you are thinking actively about it. 9 In the end，you will expand your ideas.‎ A.It helps you review all the lessons you’ve learned.‎ B.It trains you to express your thoughts.‎ C.Things that were big problems in the past might seem small today.‎ D.Just use whatever tool you feel comfortable with.‎ E.Thinking actively helps you connect your idea to another idea.‎ F.And to be honest，I can’t imagine what my life would be like without it.‎ G.If I’m away from my computer，I usually write it down on a piece of paper that I bring wherever I go.‎ 答案　5.F　6.G　7.A　8.C　9.E Ⅲ.短文改错 ‎(2017·湖北孝感高级中学调研)‎ I’d like to share with you my progresses on study in these three years.To be honest，I was not so good at my study when I came to high school，often feel tired out and at loss.Sometimes，I am even on the point of giving up.Therefore，my change happened when my teachers and my classmates as well as came to encourage me one day in Senior Two.It was their encouragement and my own thinking that resulted in my achievements in study final.‎ Still not a top student although I am now，I have found myself filled with greatly confidence to face any difficulty and challenge.There is no doubt that I am bound to fight with my dream to the end in the coming months!‎ 答案　‎ I’d like to share with you my on study in these three years.To be honest，I was not so good at my study when I came to high school，often tired out and at loss.Sometimes，I even on the point of giving up.，my change happened when my teachers and my classmates as well as came to encourage me one day in Senior Two.It was their encouragement and my own thinking that resulted in my achievements in study .‎ Still not a top student I am now，I have found myself filled with confidence to face any difficulty and challenge.There is no doubt that I am bound to fight my dream to the end in the coming months!‎ ‎10.答案　progresses→progress 解析　progress为不可数名词，没有复数形式，故把progresses改为progress。‎ ‎11.答案　feel→feeling 解析　句意为：说实话，当我上高中时我并不擅长学习，经常感觉疲惫以及不知所措。这里用现在分词feeling作伴随状语，故把feel改为feeling。‎ ‎12.答案　loss前加a 解析　at a loss是固定短语，意为“困惑，不知所措”。故在loss前加a。‎ ‎13.答案　am→was 解析　句意为：有时我甚至想要放弃。根据文章可知用一般过去时，故把am改为was。‎ ‎14.答案　Therefore→However 解析　句意为：但是当我上高二时，我的老师和同学有一天鼓励我，使我发生了改变。根据句意可知这里和上文是转折，故把Therefore改为However。‎ ‎15.答案　删去第二个as 解析　my teachers and my classmates as well意为“我的老师和同学们”。故删去第二个as。‎ ‎16.答案　final→finally 解析　句意为：是他们的鼓励和我的思想最终带来了我学习成绩的进步。这里应该用副词作状语，故把final改为finally。‎ ‎17.答案　although→as/though 解析　句意为：尽管我现在仍然不是顶尖的学生，我发现自己非常的自信去面对任何困难和挑战。这里是倒装句，不能用although，可以用as或者though。故把although改为as/though。‎ ‎18.答案　greatly→great 解析　great confidence极大的自信。用形容词great修饰名词confidence。故把greatly改为great。‎ ‎19.答案　with→for 解析　fight with和某人打架； fight for为……而奋斗。故把with改为for。‎ Ⅳ.书面表达 ‎(2016·福建莆田第二十五中学期中)‎ 目前，学生们除日常学习外，对手机和电脑的依赖过高。非常不利于他们的健康成长。假定你是李华，请你以“How to grow up healthily”为题给校广播站写一封广播稿，呼吁学生们该如何健康成长。要点如下：‎ ‎1.不要过分依赖电子产品；‎ ‎2.多抽出时间锻炼身体，多参加各种有益活动，多与他人交往；‎ ‎3.其他。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2.开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数；‎ ‎3.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ‎ Dear schoolmates，‎ Attention please!‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Thanks for listening!‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 参考范文 Dear schoolmates，‎ Attention please!‎ As we know，cellphones and computers are common in our daily life.However，most students nowadays depend much on them，which does great harm to their growth.‎ In my opinion，the major task for children is to learn various knowledge.Therefore，they should fix more attention on it and be less dependent on electronics.Besides，they should spare more time to take exercise.If so，they can have ‎ a healthy body，which in turn contributes to their studies.‎ Last but not least，children should learn to communicate with others.They can have a hearttoheart conversation with their parents and teachers if they have some problems hard to solve.As they have more experience in life，they can give children plenty of instructions.‎ Thanks for listening!‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua