2019届一轮复习人教版选修六Unit4Globalwarming单元学案（30页word版）

2019届一轮复习人教版选修六Unit4Globalwarming单元学案（30页word版）

‎ ‎ ‎2019届一轮复习人教版选修六Unit4Global warming 单元学案 单元基础知识过关复习 核心词汇 ‎1．____________(消费者)are encouraged to complain about faulty goods.‎ ‎2．We____________(提倡)using cloth or paper bags instead of plastic ones.‎ ‎3．There is a growing____________(趋势)for people to work at home instead of in an office.‎ ‎4. Child as he is，he has many interests，____________(变化)from chess to swimming.‎ ‎5．She was trembling with excitement，but to my surprise her voice was____________(稳定)．‎ ‎6．Jane’s work is above ____________(平均)while Hob’s is very much below it.‎ ‎7．Under normal____________(情况)，these two gases react readily to produce carbon dioxide and water.‎ ‎8．All the crops and fields here are under water during the____________(洪水)．‎ ‎9．The violent____________(现象)of nature are still hard for us to deal with.‎ ‎10．I ____________(瞥了一下)at the clock and discovered that there ‎ were only 30 seconds left to play.‎ ‎11．We____________with each other on the matter，but it is urgent to reduce the ____________，for we don’t have much time left.(agree)‎ ‎12．用educate的适当形式填空 ‎(1)He was____________at a very good school in his teens.‎ ‎(2)No country can afford to neglect the____________of its young people.‎ ‎(3)They engaged a young ____________to teach them Spanish.‎ ‎1.Consumers　2.advocate　3.tendency　4.ranging 5.steady　6.average　7.circumstances　8.floods　9.phenomena　10.glanced　11.disagree；disagreement,12.(1)educated　(2)education　(3)educator 高频短语 ‎1．________________　发生；造成 ‎2．________________ 同意；赞成；订购 ‎3．________________ 大量的 ‎4．________________ 上升；增长；升起 ‎5．________________ 导致 ‎6．________________ 反对……‎ ‎7．________________ 即使 ‎8．________________ 继续 ‎9．________________ 大体上；基本上 ‎10．________________ 代表……一方；作为……的代言人 ‎11．________________ 忍受；容忍 ‎12．________________ 只要 ‎13．________________ 等等 ‎1.come about　2.subscribe to　3.quantities of　4.go up 5.result in　6.be opposed to　7.even if　8.keep on　9.on the whole　10.on behalf of　11.put up with　12.so long as 　13.and so on 重点句式 ‎1．____________________the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.‎ 毫无疑问，地球正变得更加暖和。全球变暖是人为的，而不是随意的自然现象。‎ ‎2．__________we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases，the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.‎ 即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在未来几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续转暖。‎ ‎3．It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on ________________you are using it—__________，turn it off!‎ 只要你在使用电器设备，你便可以把它开着，如果不用就把它关掉！‎ ‎4．______________________to make things from new materials，so，if you can，buy things made from recycled materials.‎ 用新材料来做这些东西要花费大量的能源，因此，只要有可能，就买那些用回收材料制成的物品吧。‎ ‎1.There is no doubt that　‎ ‎2.Even if　‎ ‎3.so long as；if not ‎ ‎4.It takes a lot of energy 知识详解 ‎1quantity　n．　量；数量；数目，数额 ‎(回归课本P26) The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.‎ 当我们向空气中排放大量的多余的二氧化碳的时候，问题就开始产生了。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎①(朗文P1667)The cards are cheaper if you buy them in quantity.‎ 大批量购买这些卡片要便宜些。‎ ‎②(牛津P1620)The data is limited in terms of both quality and quantity.‎ 这份资料在质量上和数量上都很有限。‎ ‎③Large quantities of information have been collected.‎ 已经收集了大量信息。‎ ‎④A large quantity of good earth is being washed away in this area every year.‎ 每年这个地区大量沃土被冲走。‎ ‎⑤Large quantities of water are badly needed here.‎ 这里急需大量水。‎ ‎【温馨提示】　a quantity of后同样可接不可数名词或可数名词的复数形式。但当它作主语时谓语动词一般根据其所修饰的名词而定，而quantities of作主语时，不论其后的名词为可数或不可数，谓语动词都用复数。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎1．(2009年高考福建卷)—Why does the lake smell terrible?‎ ‎—Because large quantities of water________.‎ A．have polluted　　　　‎ B．is being polluted C．has been polluted ‎ D．have been polluted 解析：选D。本题考查时态、语态及主谓一致问题。句意：——这湖水怎么这么难闻？——因为大量的水已经被污染了。water与pollute为被动关系，故排除A项；B项表示“正被污染”，故排除；large quantities of后加名词，谓语动词应与quantities保持一致，故排除C项，答案为D项。‎ ‎2oppose　vt.　反对；反抗；与(某人)较量 ‎(回归课本P27)On the other hand，there are those，like George Hambley，who are opposed to this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.‎ 在另一方面，还有一些人，像科学家乔治·汉布利，反对上面的观点，他们认为我们不必担心空气中会有高含量的二氧化碳。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎①To be honest，I oppose your going there alone.‎ 说实话，我反对你独自一人去那儿。‎ ‎②Many people opposed the idea of building a new high way because of the great cost.‎ 由于需要巨额开支，许多人反对另修一条新公路的主意。‎ ‎③(朗文P1437)Most company bosses say they are opposed to employees working a lot of overtime.‎ 大多数公司老板说，他们反对雇员频繁加班。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎2．我们坚决反对帮助酗酒成瘾的那位年轻人。‎ We ________ ________ ________ ________ helping the young man addicted to alcohol.‎ 答案：are firmly opposed to ‎3average　adj.　平均的；普通的；正常的；平常的　‎ ‎ n．　　平均数；平均水平；一般水准　‎ ‎ v．　　平均为；计算出……的平均数 ‎(回归课本P29)The greenhouse effect gives the earth’s surface the average temperature of 15℃.‎ 温室效应使地球表面的平均温度保持在15℃。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎①(牛津P118)I was just an average sort of student.‎ 我只是一个普通的学生。‎ ‎②(2009年高考全国卷)On average，people who don’t smoke are healthier than people who do.‎ 通常，不吸烟的人比吸烟的人健康。‎ ‎③Tom’s work at school is above (the) average，while Harry’s is below (the) average.‎ 汤姆在学校的功课在一般以上，而哈利的功课在一般以下。‎ ‎④Our weekly profits average out at about $750.‎ 我们每周的平均利润约为750美元。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎3．Don’t expect too much of him.After all，he is a child of_______intelligence.‎ A．average　　　　　　　　　B．slight C．strange D．different 解析：选A。根据前句“不要对他期望太大”，可以推断，这个孩子智力水平一般。‎ ‎4glance　 vi.　看一下，扫视　‎ ‎ n．　一瞥 ‎(回归课本P27)Glance quickly at the magazine article and answer the questions.‎ 快速浏览一下这篇杂志文章，然后回答问题。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎①(全国高考)But，as he glanced down the page，a notice caught his eye.‎ 但他往下浏览时，有则布告吸引了他的眼球。‎ ‎②(牛津P863)I only had time to glance at the newspapers.‎ 我只来得及浏览一下报纸。‎ ‎③(牛津P863)At first glance，the problem seemed easy.‎ 乍一看问题似乎很简单。‎ ‎④I took a glance at the hall and found many familiar faces among the audience.‎ 我扫视了一下大厅，发现观众中有许多熟悉的面孔。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎4．匆匆看了病人一眼之后，医生打电话叫了救护车。‎ ‎________ ________ ________ ________ at the patient the doctor rang for an ambulance.‎ 答案：After a quick glance ‎5circumstance　n．　环境；情况，通常用作复数形式 ‎(回归课本P30)Recycle cans，bottles，plastic bags and newspapers if ‎ circumstances allow you to.‎ 如果情况允许的话，回收容器、瓶子、塑料袋和报纸。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎①(牛津P344)Under the circumstances，it seemed better not to tell him about the accident.‎ 在这种情况下，不告诉他有关这次事故的情况似乎更好。‎ ‎②(牛津P344)Under no circumstances should you lend Paul any money.‎ 你无论如何都不能借钱给保罗。‎ ‎③Circumstances permitting，I’ll go abroad to study.‎ 情况允许的话，我要出国学习。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎5．(2011年江苏盐城中学检测)Under no circumstances，I was warned，________to give the password to someone else.‎ A．could I　　　　　　　　　B．I could C．I was D．was I 解析：选D。考查倒装语序。带有否定词的短语Under no circumstances 位于句首时，句子应该采用部分倒装的形式；因为本句的谓语动词是不定式，因此选D。‎ ‎6come about　发生；造成 ‎(回归课本P26)So how has this come about and does it matter？那么，这种温度的升高是怎么产生的呢？会有什么影响呢？‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎①(牛津P386)Can you tell me how the accident come about?‎ 你能告诉我事故是怎样发生的吗？‎ ‎②I’ll never understand how it came about that you were an hour late on such a short journey.‎ 我真不明白这么短的路程你怎么会迟到一个小时。‎ ‎[易混辨析]‎ come about，happen，take place，break out ‎(1)come about“发生，产生”，指要求解释或说明事情发生的理由。通常与how连用。‎ ‎(2)happen“发生”，常用词汇，指偶然的，意外的，具体客观事物的发生或出现，尤其指自发的未能预见的事情的发生。‎ ‎(3)take place“发生”，指事件或事故的发生是在预料中的并非是偶然的，进而引申为按计划“进行，举行”。‎ ‎(4)break out 指战争、火灾、疾病等的突然“发生、爆发”。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎6．用come about；happen；take place；break out填空：‎ ‎(1)A fire ____________during the night.‎ 答案：broke out ‎(2)Luckily the earthquake didn’t ____________in the center of the city.‎ 答案：happen ‎(3)How did it ____________ that the dairy products were harmful to ‎ children?‎ 答案：come children ‎(4)Great changes ____________ in our school in the past few years.‎ 答案：have taken place ‎7result in　导致 ‎(回归课本P26)They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.‎ 他们还赞同下述观点，正是由于越来越多地燃烧化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎①His hard work resulted in excellent grades in his exams.‎ 他的努力使他在考试中取得了优异的成绩。‎ ‎②However，pollution and other serious problems have also resulted from human progress.‎ 但是，人类的发展也产生了污染和其他严重的问题。‎ ‎③(牛津P1702)He made one big mistake，and as a result，lost his job.‎ 他犯了个大错，结果丢了工作。‎ ‎④About 21 million people died during the 1990s as a result of smoking.20世纪90年代约有2100万人死于吸烟。‎ ‎⑤He has tried very hard to find a job，until now without result.他努力找工作，但直到现在仍毫无结果。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎7．毫无疑问，你的成功是你辛勤劳动的结果。‎ There is no doubt that your success has ________ _________ your hard work.‎ 答案：resulted from ‎8．Her efforts resulted________her success while her brother’s failure resulted________his laziness.‎ A．from；from　　　　B．from；in C．in；from D．in；in 解析：选C。考查介词。result in导致；result from因……而产生，由……造成。‎ ‎8put up with　容忍；忍受 ‎(回归课本P30)We do not have to put up with pollution.‎ 我们没必要忍受污染。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎①I can’t put up with your rudeness any more；leave the room，please.‎ 我不能再忍受你这种无礼的态度了，请离开这个房间。‎ ‎②(牛津P1615)I’m not going to put up with their smoking any longer.‎ 我再也不能容忍他们抽烟了。‎ ‎③We are trying to put aside some money every month for our vacation.我们尽量每月存些钱供度假用。‎ ‎④One moment please，I’m just trying to put you through.‎ 请等一下，我这就给你接通电话。‎ ‎⑤Please put out the light before you go to bed.‎ 上床之前请把灯关掉。‎ ‎⑥He put forward a new theory at the meeting.‎ 在会上他提出了一种新理论。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎9．She will have to find some other work，for she can’t________the loud noise any more.‎ A．come up with　　　　　　　B．put up with C．keep up with D．end up with 解析：选B。考查短语辨析。put up with忍受，容忍。句意：她将不得不另找工作，因为她再也忍受不了那么大的噪音了。come up with想出，提出；keep up with跟上；end up with以……结束。‎ ‎10．The teacher asked a difficult question，but Ted finally managed to________a good answer.‎ A．put up with B．keep up with C．come up with D．go through with 解析：选C。句意：老师问了一道很难的题，但特德最后还是想出了令人满意的答案。put up with忍受；keep up with跟上；come up with提出；go through with(艰难地)完成，履行……诺言。根据句意选C。‎ ‎11．Don’t be so discouraged.If you ________such feelings，you will do ‎ better next time.‎ A．carry on B．get back C．break down D．put away 解析：选D。carry on开展；进行；get back 取回；break down分解；崩溃；出故障；put away收拾起来。句意：不要泄气，如果你收起这种情绪，下次你会做得更好。‎ 句型梳理 ‎1【教材原句】　It takes a lot of energy to make things from new materials...(P30)‎ 用新材料造东西需要大量能源……‎ ‎【句法分析】　句中it为形式主语，take意为需要/消耗(时间、劳力等)，take作此含义时通常不可用于被动式。‎ ‎①To be honest，it takes great courage to tell the truth.‎ 老实说，说出真相需要很大勇气。‎ ‎②It takes perseverance and courage to become a successful man.‎ 成为一个成功的人需要毅力和勇气。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎12．Perseverance is a kind of quality－and that’s what________to do anything well.‎ A．one takes B．one is taken C．it takes D．it is taken 解析：选C。句意：毅力是一种品质，是一种做好任何事情都需要的品质。表语从句中隐含一个句型：It takes ...to do sth.。‎ ‎2【教材原句】　It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it—if not，turn it off！(P30)‎ 在使用电器设备时你可以把它开着，如果不用就把它关掉！‎ ‎【句法分析】　(1)so long as＝as long as“只要”，引导条件状语从句。‎ ‎①You may borrow the book so long as/as long as you keep it clean.只要你不把书弄脏，就可以借给你。‎ ‎②I don’t care about the price so long as the car is in good condition.我不计较价钱，只要车很好用就行了。‎ ‎③We need a rope as long as 30 metres.‎ 我们需要一条30米长的绳子。‎ ‎④The table is twice as long as that one.‎ 这张桌子是那张桌子的两倍长。‎ ‎【温馨提示】　as long as 只能用于肯定句，而so long as既可用于肯定句又能用于否定句。as long as 还可意为“与……一样长，长达……”。‎ ‎(2)if not在本句中是if you are not using it的省略形式。‎ if so如果这样 if any若有 if necessary如果有必要 ‎⑤I think the train leaves at midday.You’d better take a taxi.If not，maybe you’ll miss it.‎ 我想火车是正午开，你最好打的去，否则可能会误车的。‎ ‎⑥Is anybody feeling cold？If not，let’s put the central heating off.有谁感到冷吗？如果没有，就把暖气关掉。‎ ‎⑦Point out errors，if any.若有错误，请指正。‎ ‎⑧Have you got a free evening next week？If so，let’s have dinner together.‎ 下周你哪个晚上没事？如果没有事，我们去吃饭吧。‎ ‎⑨Take this camera with you，if necessary.‎ 如果有必要，带上照相机去吧。‎ ‎13．(2011年湖南长沙长郡中学月考)If the food tastes nice，we’ll buy some；if ________，________.‎ A．no；no　　　　　　　B．not；not C．not；no D．no；not 解析：选B。考查省略。全句应为：If the food doesn’t taste nice，we won’t buy any。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎[单元语基落实]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．The question is whether they are sure their heart loaded (load) with love will bring good to their children.‎ ‎2．In everyday communication, information conveyed (convey) by gestures is often misinterpreted.‎ ‎3．It will not be appropriate for me to discuss that now.‎ ‎4．Some students feel that exchanging (exchange) gifts can make more friends and expand their network of friends.‎ ‎5．It is a surprise that the faraway village has_been_transformed (transform) into a famous tourist city in only ten years.‎ ‎6．To my sorrow, I did the same work as he did, but got paid much less.‎ ‎7．What’s more, reading brings us not only endless (end) fun but also opportunities.‎ ‎8．English is one of the branches (branch) of Germanic family of languages.‎ ‎9．We had many difficulties at first, but eventually (eventual) we succeeded.‎ ‎10．We should use our schedule flexibly (flexible) to balance our academic and spare time. ‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．I did very badly at the beginning, so I was often teasing by other students.teasing→teased ‎2．The reason why he gave for his absence is that he was drunken.why→that/which或去掉why ‎3．Society is made of a variety of people; some are good, others bad, and still others in between. made后加up ‎4．Take it easily. We’ll take care of everything.easily→easy ‎5．With the boy lead the way, we found the house easily the day before yesterday.lead→leading ‎6．Tony held her firmly in his arms and she felt the warm of his body. warm→warmth ‎7．If you worked hard then, you would be in the university now. worked前加had ‎8．She felt that she had run out inspiration.out后加of Ⅲ.选词填空 ‎1．We have tried_out this method many times, but to our disappointment, it doesn’t work.‎ ‎2．Mike accidentally let_out that he had broken the window.‎ ‎3．If we hadn’t run_out_of sugar, I wouldn’t have gone to the shops.‎ ‎4．This poem doesn’t make_sense to me. Can you explain it to me?‎ ‎5．I am interested in stories in general, and in detective stories in_particular.‎ Ⅳ.根据提示词和相关要求补全(或翻译)句子 ‎1．在这么令人害怕的情况下没有一个可以求助的人，她感到很无助。(with复合结构)‎ With_no_one_to_turn_to in such a frightening situation, she felt very helpless.‎ ‎2．在炎热的夏天，人们带伞的原因是暴露在烈日下可能对祼露的皮肤有害。(why引导的定语从句)‎ The_reason_why_people_carry_umbrellas in hot summer days is that the hot sun may be harmful to the exposed skin. ‎ ‎3．要是我在高考中失利，我将不得不再等一年。(用省略if的虚拟语气句式)‎ Should_I_fail in the College Entrance Examination, I would_have_to_wait_for another year. ‎ ‎4．与此同时，他们彼此交流思想和情感，通过这他们获得更多的知识。(exchange)‎ Meanwhile, they exchanged_ideas_and_feelings_with each other, through which they acquired more knowledge.‎ ‎5．如果不是我亲眼看到，我是不会相信它的。(虚拟语气)‎ ‎①If_I_hadn’t_seen_it_with_my_own_eyes,_I_wouldn’t_have_believed_it.‎ ‎②Hadn’t_I_seen_it_with_my_own_eyes,_I_wouldn’t_have_believed_it.‎ ‎ 单元综合知识运用检测 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 话题 词数 建议用时 气温升高对北极圈植物的影响 ‎328‎ ‎7分钟 ‎(2018·甘肃省高三第一次诊断)Even if trees cannot walk, they are still on the move.‎ In parts of the Arctic, entire forests are moving northward. Across the Arctic, temperatures are rising faster than anywhere else in the world. As that happens, the tree line that marks where forests stop and the treeless tundra (冻原) starts has been shifting northward. Trees growing along the tree line must protect themselves from the cold wind. To do this,_plants tend to grow horizontal (水平的) branches low to the ground.‎ ‎ The energy it takes for trees to grow this way means they don't have enough energy to make seeds.‎ But as Earth's climate has been warming, trees no longer have to just grow horizontally. Many can instead grow up toward the sky. This takes less energy. And with all that leftover energy, these trees have started producing more seeds. This happens especially in places where white spruce (白云杉) grows.‎ White spruce, which is a North American tree, is quite able to produce a lot of seeds, which can move long distances in the wind. When windblown seeds end up on the tundra beyond the tree line, they eventually can sprout (发芽) new trees. This explains how a forest can move. Of course, the process would work only if the tundra were warm enough. But in recent years, the whole planet has been warming.‎ New trees will provide shelters for some snow. Keeping the sun's rays from making the white surface disappear. Instead, the trees absorb the sun's heat. This warms the surrounding air. The extra warmth encourages even more trees to produce seeds. That further boosts a forest's ability to expand. In addition, more trees will trap more snow, preventing much of it from being blown away. Snow can trap heat in the soil below, which encourages trees to grow. The recent rise of temperatures has helped more trees grow past the tree line. People worry about impacts on the animals that depend on frozen conditions for food and shelter.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇科研报告。主要研究了气温升高对北极圈植物的影响。‎ ‎1．What is the main cause of the trees in the Arctic moving northward?‎ A．The shrinking of northern tundra.‎ B．The rising temperature.‎ C．The fierce and cold wind.‎ D．The abundant resources in the north.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句“Across the Arctic, temperatures are rising faster than anywhere else in the world.”以及本段的整体内容可知，不断上升的气温是北极圈树木北移的主要原因，即B项正确。‎ ‎2．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 mean?‎ A．To produce more seeds.‎ B．To move northward.‎ C．To respond to the climate change.‎ D．To protect themselves from the cold wind.‎ 解析：选D　代词指代题。根据画线词前的“Trees growing along the tree line must protect themselves from the cold wind.”可知，画线词this 指代的是本句中的“protect themselves from the cold wind”，故D项正确。‎ ‎3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?‎ A．New trees can trap the snow, which may make the soil colder.‎ B．The trapped snow prevents new trees from producing more seeds.‎ C．New trees can make the surrounding air warmer.‎ D．New trees can bring more food and shelter to local animals.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“New trees will provide shelters for some snow ... This warms the surrounding air.”可推知，新树会让周围的空气更加温暖，故C项正确。‎ ‎4．The passage is most probably taken from ________.‎ A．a science report　　　　 B．a health report C．a fashion magazine D．a children's magazine 解析：选A　文章出处题。根据文章的整体内容可推知，本文主要研究的是气候变暖对北极圈植物的影响，故该文应选自科研报告，故A项正确。‎ B 话题 词数 建议用时 空气污染 ‎302‎ ‎7分钟 Nine out of ten people on the planet breathe polluted air, even indoors, the World Health Organization (WHO) said. Some 92% of the population live in places where air pollution exceeds (超过) WHO limits.‎ Air pollution can contribute to lung cancer and heart disease. The Southeast Asia and Western Pacific regions account for nearly two out of every three such deaths, with poorer countries “getting worse”. Around three million deaths every year are linked to outdoor air pollution. When “indoor” air pollution — which includes contaminants like wood smoke and cooking fires — is added, air pollution is linked to one in every nine deaths worldwide, the WHO said. The air quality model used in the data measures the smallest particles (颗粒), less than 2.5 micrometres across, which can enter the bloodstream and reach the brain.‎ Countrybycountry data showed that Turkmenistan is ranked first for the death rate connected to air pollution. Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, and Egypt rounded out the top five. “Rich countries are getting much better in improving the quality of the air，” Dr Carlos Dora from the WHO told the Associated Press. “Poorer countries are getting worse.” However, he said, North America is doing better than Europe, mostly because Europe depends more on diesel fuel (柴油) and ‎ farming practices. China, the country with the sixthhighest death rate linked to air pollution, is relatively wealthy, but is bothered by smog in its cities and polluted air from industrial sources.‎ The WHO pointed to sustainable transport, waste management, and renewable energies as possible ways to reduce air pollution. It said its latest data represented the most detailed study it has ever released. The analysis combined satellite measurement and more than 3,000 monitoring stations on the ground with air transport models. The report is based on 2012 figures, which are the most recent data available.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。全球90%的人呼吸着被污染的空气，而空气污染会引发多种疾病。贫穷国家的空气污染越来越严重。世界卫生组织指出，要想减少空气污染就必须改变人们的生活方式和生产方式。‎ ‎5．How is the text organized?‎ A．Conclusions － Consequences － Examples － Solutions.‎ B．Facts － Reasons － Examples － Solutions.‎ C．Reasons － Effects － Solutions － Trends.‎ D．Trends － Opinions － Reasons － Solutions.‎ 解析：选A　文章结构题。第一段提到了关于空气污染的结论，第二段主要讲的是空气污染产生的后果，第三段是例子，第四段提出治理空气污染的方法。故选A。‎ ‎6．What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A．Heating tools. B．Indoor waste.‎ C．Producing activities. D．Harmful substances.‎ 解析：选D　词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“‘indoor’ air ‎ pollution”以及画线词后的“like wood smoke and cooking fires”可知contaminants的意思应为“污染物”。故选D。‎ ‎7．Which has the lowest death rate caused by air pollution?‎ A．North America. B．Turkmenistan.‎ C．Egypt. D．China.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Turkmenistan is ranked first for the death rate connected to air pollution”可知土库曼斯坦与空气污染有关的死亡率最高；根据“Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, and Egypt rounded out the top five”可知埃及排名前五；根据“China, the country with the sixthhighest death rate linked to air pollution”可知中国排名第六；根据“North America is doing better than Europe”可知，North America的情况比欧洲的好，故North America的空气污染导致的死亡率最低。‎ ‎8．Which may the author advocate to reduce air pollution?‎ A．Control the population. B．Invent energies.‎ C．Use air transport models. D．Go green.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The WHO pointed to sustainable transport, waste management, and renewable energies as possible ways to reduce air pollution.”可知，要减少空气污染，人们要过绿色生活。故选D。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎(2018·兰州市高三实战考试)Mr.Jackson was blind from birth. He owned a fruit __1__ on a very busy street. __2__ he was visually disabled, he ran his business pretty handsomely. He could see nothing and he could only __3__ the things within his reach. __4__ , he was able to handle it and was content with everything he had.‎ One day his son came to him. He told Mr. Jackson in __5__ that he read in the newspaper of a __6__ who could operate on his eyes and allow him to see. The father and son traveled to the doctor and paid for the __7__.‎ After the operation, the doctor asked Mr.Jackson: “What is the first thing you are __8__ to see when I take the bandages off？” He replied, “I really want to see my beautiful __9__ on my stand！”‎ The doctor and the son __10__ Mr.Jackson down to the busy street where his fruit stand had been located for so many years. The doctor __11__ unwrapped the bandages __12__ he could lay his eyes on the beautiful fruit! Mr.Jackson was so full of __13__ that he could finally see his life's work — taking care of his fruit! After a few hours of __14__ his beautiful fruit stand, he looked down the street both ways and saw there were quite a few fruit stands in both directions. He looked __15__ the street and saw many other fruit stands. He spent so much time looking at other people's fruit stands and __16__ the competition that soon his own business __17__.‎ From Mr.Jackson's failure, we should know that everyone is a __18__ individual with different fingerprints, DNA and thinking. What we need to do is just be ourselves and __19__ everyone else to be who they are. Mind our own business and we should never be afraid of the __20__.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过杰克逊的故事告诉我们：每个人都是独一无二的，我们要做的就是做自己，管好自己的事情，不要怕与他人竞争。‎ ‎1．A.stand B．company C．store D．center 解析：选A　根据下文的“I really want to see my beautiful __9__ on ‎ my stand！”的提示可知，杰克逊有一个水果摊。‎ ‎2．A.Because B．As C．Although D．When 解析：选C　此处表示尽管他失明了，但是他的生意做得相当好。根据语境中的逻辑关系，应选择C。‎ ‎3．A.remember B．describe C．imagine D．feel 解析：选D　根据文章第一句及前文的“He could see nothing”可知，杰克逊失明了，什么也看不见，所以他只能感受(feel)他手边的东西。‎ ‎4．A.Therefore B．However C．Otherwise D．Besides 解析：选B　下文说他能够应对这一切，与前文构成转折关系，因此选择B。‎ ‎5．A.pride B．doubt C．excitement D．surprise 解析：选C　根据下文可知，杰克逊的儿子在报纸上看到有一个医生能治好杰克逊的眼睛，所以他应是兴奋地将这一消息告诉杰克逊。‎ ‎6．A.doctor B．nurse C．chemist D．volunteer 解析：选A　根据定语从句的内容及下文的“The father and son traveled to the doctor”可知，此处应指一名医生能治好杰克逊的眼睛。‎ ‎7．A.information B．medicine C．service D．operation 解析：选D　根据前文的“who could operate on his eyes”及下文的 ‎“After the operation, the doctor asked Mr.Jackson”可知，此处应指为手术付了款。‎ ‎8．A.nervous B．lucky C．eager D．afraid 解析：选C　根据下文的“I really want to see”可知，手术后，医生问杰克逊：“当我拆掉绷带时，你渴望见到的第一件东西是什么？”be eager to do sth.“渴望做某事”。‎ ‎9．A.flowers B．vegetables C．fruit D．clothing 解析：选C　根据第一段中的“He owned a fruit __1__ on a very busy street.”可知，他有一个水果摊，所以他想看看水果摊上的水果。‎ ‎10．A.sent B．accompanied C．followed D．invited 解析：选B　此处指医生和儿子陪同杰克逊去他的水果摊。send“派遣”；accompany“陪同”；follow“跟随”；invite“邀请”。‎ ‎11．A.suddenly B．curiously C．carefully D．firmly 解析：选C　医生小心地解开绷带。suddenly“突然”；curiously“好奇地”；carefully“小心地”；firmly“坚定地”。‎ ‎12．A.so that B．in case C．even if D．if only 解析：选A　医生解开绷带以便让杰克逊看到美丽的水果。so that“以便”，引导目的状语从句。in case“以防万一”；even if“即使”；if only“要是……就好了”。‎ ‎13．A.regret B．joy C．courage D．relief 解析：选B　杰克逊终于能看到他的水果了，他感到非常高兴。regret“遗憾”；joy“欢欣，喜悦”；courage“勇气”；relief“缓解，宽慰”。‎ ‎14．A.enjoying B．checking C．judging D．making 解析：选A　杰克逊对自己的水果摊欣赏几个小时后，他看到街两旁有很多水果摊。enjoy“欣赏，喜爱”；check“核查”；judge“判断”；make“制造”。‎ ‎15．A.above B．within C．through D．across 解析：选D　他往街对面看，看到了许多其他的水果摊。look across“向对面看，眺望”。注意look through表示“浏览”。‎ ‎16．A.preparing for B．focusing on C．worrying about D．taking up 解析：选C　根据下文中的“Mind our own business and we should never be afraid of the __20__.”可知，杰克逊看到这么多水果摊，开始担心竞争了。prepare for“为……做好准备”；focus on“集中(精力、注意力等)于”；worry about“担心”；take up“开始从事，占据”。‎ ‎17．A.improved B．failed C．appeared D．expanded 解析：选B　根据下文的“From Mr. Jackson's failure”可知，不久他自己的生意失败了。improve“改善”；fail“失败”；appear“出现”；expand“扩大”。‎ ‎18．A.simple B．reliable C．unique D．perfect 解析：选C　根据下文的“with different fingerprints, DNA and thinking”可知，每个人都是有不同指纹、DNA和思想的独一无二的人。simple“简单的”；reliable“可靠的，可信赖的”；unique“独一无二的，独特的”；perfect“完美的”。‎ ‎19．A.force B．require C．persuade D．allow 解析：选D　我们需要做的只是做自己，并允许别人成为他们自己。force“强迫，迫使”；require“要求”；persuade“说服”；allow“允许”。‎ ‎20．A.competition B．change C．difference D．disability 解析：选A　根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，此处应是劝诫我们：管好自己的事，我们应该决不害怕竞争。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 Some popular places to visit are built by people. Other famous places are the __1__ (create) of nature. In the northeast of the US, there was a famous rock on a high mountain __2__ looked just like an old man. __3__ (locate) in the town of Franconia, New Hampshire, he had thick hair, a big nose and a beard. People called him The Old Man of the Mountain __4__ every year more than a million people came to visit him, The Old Man of the Mountain, also known __5__ the Great Stone Face, measured 40 __6__ (foot) tall. Scientists think that the stone face had been there for about 17,000 years.‎ In May 2003, there were very high winds and the temperature was very cold near the Old Man of the Mountain. The sky was so __7__ (cloud) that people couldn't see the stone face for many days. As soon as the storm was over, people looked for the Old Man but they couldn't see ‎ him. They discovered that he __8__ (fall) apart. A number of scientists climbed up, __9__ (hope) to repair the stone face. They were disappointed at __10__ they saw — the damage from the weather was just too bad.‎ 语篇解读：本文介绍了世界闻名的美国佛朗哥尼亚峡谷州立公园内的“大石脸”，也有人称它为“山上老人”。‎ ‎1．creation　空格中所填单词前面有冠词修饰，需用create的名词形式。‎ ‎2．that/which　“that/which looked just like an old man”是定语从句，修饰先行词rock，关系代词that/which在从句中作主语。‎ ‎3．Located　be located in/on/at ...是习惯用法，表示“(某地)位于……”，这里用的是其过去分词短语作状语。‎ ‎4．and　前后两句之间意义上是并列关系，用and连接。‎ ‎5．as　be known as作为……而闻名。‎ ‎6．feet　空格中所填单词前面有大于一的数词修饰，需用foot的复数形式。‎ ‎7．cloudy　空格中所填单词在句中作表语，需用cloud的形容词形式。‎ ‎8．had fallen　从句谓语动词动作fall apart发生在主句谓语动词动作discovered之前，也就是过去的过去，用过去完成时。‎ ‎9．hoping　“hoping to repair the stone face”是现在分词短语作状语，分词动作hope与逻辑主语scientists之间是主动关系。‎ ‎10．what　“what they saw”是宾语从句，what在从句中作saw的宾语。‎