专题01 名词和冠词（命题猜想）-2019年高考英语命题猜想与仿真押题（解析版）

专题01 名词和冠词（命题猜想）-2019年高考英语命题猜想与仿真押题（解析版）

‎【考向解读】 ‎ 单项填空题对名词的考查主要包括名词的辨析、单复数、名词的固定搭配、名词的格、名词在特殊语境中的应用、名词的熟词生义以及名词与冠词搭配使用的情况等。冠词多考查冠词的基本用法。掌握名词和冠词的用法显得尤为重要。 ‎ ‎【命题热点突破一】 名词的数 ‎ 例1. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all (cause)．‎ ‎【答案】causes ‎【变式探究】(2018·浙江卷)Making Chinese (dish) is seen as especially troublesome. ‎ ‎【解析】考查名词单复数。dish是可数名词，其前无限定词，故用其复数形式dishes。‎ ‎【答案】dishes ‎【变式探究】(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several ________ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.‎ ‎【解析】考查名词复数。根据句意可知Sarah已拒绝了好几个邀请，前面有several修饰，故用invitation的复数形式。‎ ‎【答案】invitations ‎【举一反三】（2017新课标卷Ⅱ·语法填空）In 1863the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 61 (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.‎ ‎【答案】crowds ‎【解析】此处表示复数概念，crowd前没有冠词，且它是可数名词，故填crowds.‎ ‎【举一反三】（2017新课标卷Ⅲ·语法填空）She has turned down several 67 (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.‎ ‎【答案】invitations ‎ ‎【解析】考查名词单复数。several修饰可数名词复数形式，故填invitations。 ‎ ‎【变式探究】（2016·全国新课标卷I·语法填空）Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 1 (attract)... T he nursery team switches him every few 2 (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, (the) other is with mum — she never suspects.‎ ‎1.【答案】attraction ‎【解析】考查名词。 形容词top后面跟名词形式。‎ ‎2.【答案】days ‎【解析】考查名词复数。few修饰复数名词。 ‎ ‎【答案】在picture前加the或this ‎【变式探究】I just heard ______ bank where Dora works was robbed by ________ gunman wearing a mask. ‎ A．the；/ ‎ B．a；/ ‎ C．the；a ‎ D．a；the ‎ ‎【解析】考查冠词的基本用法。句意：我刚刚听说多拉工作 的那家银行被一名持枪蒙面人抢劫了。第一个空有定语 从句 修饰限定，很显然是特指多拉工作的那家银行，可排除B、D两项；第二个空后的gunman是可数名词单数，可数名词单数前一般需要加适当的冠词或其他限定词，可排除A项。 其实 第二个空如果用定冠词也是说得通的，意思则变为“那个持 枪蒙面人”。 ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎1．表示“特指”。上文已经提到的人或物，再次提到时在其前加the。也可指上文未提到,但谈话双方都知道的人或物。 ‎ ‎—Did you enjoy yourself yesterday? ‎ ‎——你昨天玩得开心吗？ ‎ ‎—Yes，as you know，the party went on in a pleasant atmosphere. ‎ ‎——是的，正如你所知，晚会是在愉快的气氛中进行的。 ‎ ‎2．用于序数词和形容词或副词最高级以及形容词only,very,same等之前。 ‎ Yang Liwei is the first man who has been into space in China.在中国杨利伟是第一个登上太空的人。 ‎ ‎【易错警示】‎ ‎(1)only，very，same，main 等形容词修饰名词时，前面也用定冠词the。‎ This is the only expensive dress I’ve got.这是我唯一一件贵的连衣裙。‎ ‎(2)a与most连用，位于形容词前时，most是表示程度的副词，意为“非常”；the与most连用，位于形容词或副词前时，most是最高级的标志，意为“最……的”。‎ Historical experience can serve as a most important source of information.历史经验能充当一种非常重要的信息来源。‎ ‎【变式探究】‎ The Jurassic Park is________Steven Spielberg movie in which________hero fights bravely and ‎ protects his friends and family from dinosaurs. ‎ A．不填；the B．a；the ‎ C．不填；a D．the；a ‎ ‎【解析】句意：《侏罗纪公园》是一部由史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格执导的电影，在这部电影中主角勇敢地斗争并保护他的朋友 和家人不受恐龙的威胁。第一空是泛指，用a；第二空是强调该影片的主角，应特指，填the。 ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【命题热点突破七】零冠词的用法 ‎ 例7、India attained ________independence in 1947，after________ long struggle. ‎ A．不填；a B．the；a ‎ C．an；不填 D．an；the ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎1．表示泛指的不可数名词(物质名词、抽象名词)、专有名词(不含普通名词)或可数名词复数前不加冠词。单数可数 名 词前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限制时，前也不加冠词。 ‎ ‎2．季节、月份、星期、节假日、一日三餐前一般不加冠词.但是如果名词前面有修饰语或特指某一季节、月份等，要用 冠词。 ‎ The spring of 2014 was a terrible spring because many people ‎ died because of terrorists. ‎ 因为许多人死于恐怖分子，2014年的春天是个可怕的春天。 ‎ ‎3．表示独一无二的头衔、职务名词作表语、同位语或宾语补 足语时，一般不加冠词。 ‎ David，monitor of our class，is always ready to help others. ‎ 戴维，我们班的班长，总是乐于助人。 ‎ ‎4．as，though引导的让步状语从句中的表语(单数可数名词)置于句首时不加冠词。 ‎ Child as/though he is，he plays the violin perfectly. ‎ 尽管是个孩子，但他小提琴拉得很好。 ‎ ‎5．系动词turn后的作表语的单数可数名词前不加冠词。 ‎ Lu Xun was a doctor before he turned writer/became a writer.鲁迅在成为作家前是名医生。 ‎ ‎【变式探究】In Germany，________successful project，which roughly translates as “adopt a grandparent”，has been running with_______great success. ‎ A．a；a B．a；不填 ‎ C．the；a D．不填；the ‎【解析】第一个空是泛指修饰名词project；第二个空后的名词success是抽象名词。‎ ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【高考真题解读】‎ ‎1. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all (cause)．‎ ‎【答案】causes ‎2.(2018·浙江卷)Making Chinese (dish) is seen as especially troublesome. ‎ ‎【解析】　考查名词单复数。dish是可数名词，其前无限定词，故用其复数形式dishes。‎ ‎【答案】dishes ‎3．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)This switch has decreased ‎ ‎(pollute)in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. ‎ ‎【解析】　考查词性转换。此处应填pollute的名词形式pollution作宾语。‎ ‎ 【答案】pollution ‎ ‎4.(2018·浙江卷)Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in (weigh)problems.‎ ‎【解析】　考查名词。根据语境可知，此处表示“体重问题”，空处需要填名词weight。‎ ‎【答案】weight ‎5．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Last winter when I went there again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. ‎ ‎【解析】　考查名词的单复数。dozens of 短语之后应接可数名词复数，而此处chicken为可数名词“鸡”，故把chicken改为chickens。‎ ‎【答案】chicken→chickens ‎ ‎6．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room. ‎ ‎【解析】　考查名词的单复数。由前面的all“所有的”可知， sort应用复数形式，all sorts意为“各种各样”。‎ ‎【答案】sort→sorts ‎ ‎7．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)The classroom is a place for learning and that includes learning from textbooks, and mistake as well. ‎ ‎【答案】mistake→mistakes ‎ ‎8．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watch them, my parents would not let me. ‎ ‎【解析】　考查冠词。此处表示“作为一个孩子”，kid表泛指，且kid的发音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a 。‎ ‎【答案】the→a ‎9.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watch them, my parents would not let me. ‎ ‎【解析】考查冠词。此处表示“作为一个孩子”，kid表泛指，且kid的发音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a 。‎ ‎【答案】the→a ‎10．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent. ‎ ‎【解析】　考查冠词。此处是特指，故用定冠词the 。over the past 25 years 表示“在过去的25年里”。‎ ‎【答案】the ‎11．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I'm face－to－face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at top of her lungs. ‎ ‎【解析】　考查冠词。at the top of “在……顶端”，at the top of one's lungs表示“大声地”。‎ ‎【答案】the ‎12．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. ‎ ‎【答案】在countryside前加the ‎1.（2017·新课标1卷语法填空）As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.‎ ‎【答案】a ‎ ‎【解析】考查冠词。固定短语as a result表示“结果”。句意：结果，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。故填a。‎ ‎2.（2017新课标3卷语法填空）But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term resting (rest). Instead, she is earning £6500 a day as 62 model in New York.‎ ‎【答案】a ‎【解析】考查冠词。model是可数名词，前面没有限定词，而此处泛指 ＂一个＂，故填a。‎ ‎3.（2017新课标卷Ⅱ·语法填空）In 1863the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 61 (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.‎ ‎【答案】crowds ‎【解析】此处表示复数概念，crowd前没有冠词，且它是可数名词，故填crowds.‎ ‎4.（2017新课标卷Ⅲ·语法填空）She has turned down several 67 (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.‎ ‎【答案】invitations ‎ ‎【解析】考查名词单复数。several修饰可数名词复数形式，故填invitations。 ‎ ‎【答案】a; the ‎9.(2015·重庆，3)I just heard bank where Dora works was robbed by gunman wearing a mask.‎ ‎【解析】句意：我刚听说Dora 工作的银行被一位蒙面持枪歹徒抢劫了。第一空为特指，表示“Dora 工作的那家银行”，第二空为泛指，表示“一位蒙面持枪歹徒”。‎ ‎【答案】the; a ‎4.(2015·陕西，14) more learned a man is， more modest he usually becomes.‎ ‎【解析】句意：一个人的知识越是渊博，他通常就越谦虚。考查固定搭配。the more...the more...越……越……。‎ ‎【答案】The；the ‎10.(2015·四川，5)Brian is gifted in writing music；he is very likely to be ‎ Beethoven.‎ ‎【答案】a