【英语】2019届二轮复习考点理清(二)—非谓语动词的4个关键点和4个易混点（4页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习考点理清(二)—非谓语动词的4个关键点和4个易混点（4页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习考点理清(二)—非谓语动词的4个关键点和4个易混点 非谓语动词的4个关键点 ‎1.作目的状语时用不定式，且只能用不定式的一般式 ‎[自主练悟]‎ ‎①(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal to_create (create) special designs.‎ ‎②(2019届高三·益阳模拟)After a while, something shiny caught her eye and she lifted it out of the soil_to_show (show) her mother. ‎ ‎2．作伴随状语和方式状语时用现在分词 ‎[自主练悟]‎ ‎①(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)People probably cooked their food in large pots, using (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it.‎ ‎②(2018·湖北八校联考)Chekhov said, “Before drinking from his cup, he held it with his hands and presented to me and the bar owner and bartenders, saying (say) ‘qing (please)’．”‎ ‎3．作介词的宾语时用动名词 ‎[自主练悟]‎ ‎①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Fast food is full of fat and salt; by eating (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.‎ ‎②(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without using (use) electric equipment.‎ ‎4．熟记固定结构中的非谓语动词 例如be likely to do sth., have difficulty/trouble doing sth., spend time (in) doing sth.等 ‎[自主练悟]‎ ‎①(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But unlike her school friends, 16yearold Sarah is not spending halfterm resting (rest)．‎ ‎②(2019届高三·泉州模拟)Overall, there was no difference in the nutritional content, although organic food was 30% less likely_to_contain (contain) pesticides.‎ 非谓语动词的4个易混点 ‎1.现在分词和过去分词作状语 现在分词作状语表示的动作与句子主语之间为逻辑上的主谓关系；过去分词作状语表示的动作与句子主语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。‎ ‎[典例1]　(2018·绵阳三模)Recently, the people of Switzerland began telling stories about a mysterious figure who walked through the Maules Forest __63__ (wear) camouflage (伪装) and a gas mask.‎ 分析：分析句子结构可知，空格所处的部分为非谓语动词作状语，who指代先行词figure, 与wear之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故填wearing。‎ ‎[典例2]　(2019届高三·贵阳模拟)__63__ (inspire) by the Mexican holiday of Dia de los Muertos — Day of the Dead — the film's production team created a young boy, Miguel, who wants his family to understand his love of music.‎ 分析：分析句子结构可知，空格所处的部分为非谓语动词作状语，inspire与主语the film's production team之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故填Inspired。‎ ‎2．现在分词和过去分词作前置定语和表语 此时现在分词和过去分词都相当于形容词，前者意为“令人……的”，后者意为“感到……的”。‎ ‎[典例1]　(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and __63__ (disappoint)．‎ 分析：此处looked后面为表语部分，此处指一些人看起来很焦急、很失望。故填disappointed。‎ ‎[典例2]　(2018·洛阳第一次统考)I think I will never forget the __70__ (amaze) trip I had in Beijing, China and I can go there next time with my friends.‎ 分析：此处为非谓语动词作前置定语，表示“令人惊奇的旅行”。故填amazing。‎ ‎3．不定式、现在分词和过去分词作后置定语 不定式作后置定语表示动作尚未进行；现在分词作后置定语表示主动、进行；过去分词作后置定语表示被动、完成。‎ ‎[典例1]　(2016·四川高考)For 25 days, she never left her baby, not even to find something __64__ (eat)! ‎ 分析：此处表示找到要吃的东西，表示动作尚未进行，故填to eat。‎ ‎[典例2]　(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people __70__ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.‎ 分析：此处表示“居住”在上海和香港的人们，应用非谓语动词作定语，people与live之间为主动关系，故填living。‎ ‎[典例3]　(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)The adobe dwellings (土坯房) __61__ (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.‎ 分析：由谓语动词are admired可知空格处填非谓语动词，adobe dwellings与build之间是被动关系，应用过去分词短语作后置定语。故填built。‎ ‎4．不定式与动名词作宾语 有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，例如agree， decide， refuse， manage等；而有些动词只跟动名词作宾语，例如avoid， finish， mind， practise 等。还有些动词既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，这些都要特别注意。‎ ‎[典例1]　(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants__65__ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.‎ 分析：want后接不定式形式作宾语，故填to prove。‎ ‎[典例2]　(2018·绵阳三模)A few months later, his gas mask and camouflage coat appeared in the woods, with a strange note hinting that he was harmless and could no longer stand ________ (view) as some kind of monster.‎ 分析：stand后需接动名词作宾语，且空处意为“被看作”，故填being viewed。‎ ‎[典例3]　(2019届高三·银川模拟)When riding a shared bike, you can stop __66__ (buy) and eat whatever you want simply with a tap of your phone.‎ 分析：stop to do sth.“停下来做某事”；stop doing sth.“停止做某事”，此处意为“停下来去做……”，故填to buy。‎ ‎[即时强化训练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．(2018·襄阳模拟)If you are also a fan of this energetic color, consider wearing a pair of red shoes for the Chinese Lunar New Year_to_come_(come)!‎ ‎2．(2019届高三·新余模拟)It is the operating model of bikesharing based_(base) on satellite navigation (导航) system, mobile payment as well as big data that has surprised the world.‎ ‎3．(2018·滁州模拟)Inside the building, the students saw nothing but broken walls and doors and pieces of the building lying (lie) all over the place.‎ ‎4．(2018·合肥模拟)Visiting (visit) the complex of ancient temples at Karnak, Chinese tourist Mr. Ye lost his way among the stone churches and pillars.‎ ‎5．(2018·武汉模拟)The other frogs kept telling them to stop, because they thought there was no chance to_jump (jump) out of such a deep hole.‎ ‎6．(2019届高三·银川模拟)They are then taken to a swimming pool filled (fill) with things like old fruit, vegetables and fish from the markets.‎ ‎7．(2019届高三·临沂模拟)He needs a wheelchair_to_move (move) but he is in good condition.‎ ‎8．(2019届高三·烟台模拟)However, it takes about four years to_break (break) down completely.‎ ‎9．(2018·成都模拟)In the USA the high school graduation ceremony is of great importance. 12th grade students, or seniors, who are about 17 or 18 years old, look forward to attending (attend) this event.‎ ‎10．(2018·成都模拟)Another tradition is to have their photographs taken (take)．‎ ‎11．(2018·宜宾模拟)They often travel in_mixed (mix) herds with other grazers and browsers, such as wildebeest.‎ ‎12．(2018·昆明模拟)However, being punctual also has its problems. Since everybody has their lunch at exactly 12 and takes their coffee break at 4 pm, elevators and coffee shops all tend to_be (be) full at the same time.‎ ‎13．(2018·德阳二模)He quickly runs to the truck, eager to be off in search of the lost_(lose)．‎ ‎14．(2018·南宁模拟)It's defined as “a significant cultural, political, or social change arising (arise) from the actions or influence of young people”， according to CNN.‎ ‎15．(2018·德阳二模)So by the time they arrive, the dog is ready_to_get (get) to work.‎ ‎16．(2018·乐山二模)The study also found response speeds to be affected, with students who had their phone on the desk responding (respond) more slowly in highpace tests.‎ ‎17．(2019届高三·赤峰模拟)For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop_to_help (help) it grow”， is based on the following story.‎ ‎18．(2019届高三·赤峰模拟)One weekend, Roberta Ursrey's family went to the seaside for a travel. At first, everything went well. But suddenly, Roberta Ursrey saw her two sons struggling_(struggle) against the tide 100 yards out from shore. ‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．(2018·遵义模拟)Tired but happy, we went back with many photos taking during this trip.taking→taken ‎2．(2019届高三·南阳模拟)The most unforgettable one for me is the speech competition holding last year. holding→held ‎3．(2018·南宁模拟)When crossed a busy street, he was almost knocked down by a car.crossed→crossing ‎4．(2018·大庆模拟)Recently, students in our school carried out a survey names To Whom Do You Go When in Trouble.names→named ‎5．(2018·大庆模拟)My job was putting the bread in the oven, serve the bakery's customers and helping to keep the place clean._serve→serving ‎6．(2018·大庆模拟)I could smell the freshly bake bread in the air even before I got there._bake→baked ‎7．(2019届高三·沙市模拟)Instead of seek shelter, my parents suggested we help a couple of stall owners pack their books._seek→seeking ‎8．(2018·广州调研)One day, the schedule was changed at the last minute, and instead of our planned activities, we all helped the staff to finish cut the weeds by the lake.cut→cutting ‎9．(2018·赤峰模拟)Learned about this Li Lei offered to take care of my father without hesitation.Learned→Learning