名师解读高考真题系列－高中英语：专题05+动词的时态和语态（解读版）

名师解读高考真题系列－高中英语：专题05+动词的时态和语态（解读版）

‎1.【过去进行时】【2016·北京】Jack ________ in the lab when the power cut occurred.‎ A. works B. has worked C. was working D. would work ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【名师点睛】‎ 一、过去进行时的构成：was/were+动词的现在分词(--ing) ‎ 二、过去进行时的用法：‎ ‎1、表示在过去某时刻正在进行或发生的动作，通常与表过去的时间壮语连用。‎ 例如：At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.‎ 昨天这个时候，我正在收拾东西去露营。‎ ‎2、表移动的动词，如come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等词的过去进行时，可以表示过去将要发生的动作。‎ 例如：She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 她告诉我她将去海南度假。‎ ‎3、在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之后，另一个动作正在进行。‎ 例如：It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时，正下着雨。‎ ‎　 When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.　我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。‎ ‎4、在叙述或描写过去的事情时，过去进行时经常与其它过去时态，特别时是一般过去时连用。但是过去进行时往往是表示背景。‎ 例如：One night, he was typing in his study. Suddenly, a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity.‎ 一天晚上，他正在书房里打字。突然，一个人闯进屋来，切断了电源。‎ ‎2.【现在完成进行时】【2016·北京】—Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?‎ ‎—The new Star Wars. We ________ here for more than two hours.‎ A. waited B. wait C. would be waiting D. have been waiting ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【名师点睛】‎ 现在完成进行时由“助动词have/has been+ -ing形式”构成。用法如下：‎ ‎1. 现在完成进行时表示过去的动作持续到现在并有可能延续下去的动作。常和for，since引导的时间状语连用。‎ ‎-Hi, Tracy, you look tired. ‎ ‎-I am tired. I have been painting the living room all day.‎ They have been living here for 10 years. 他们住在这里十年了。‎ ‎2. 表示一个动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到说话时候刚结束。‎ I have been waiting you for about one hour.。(说话时"等"的动作刚结束)‎ She has been working all night long.‎ ‎3. 表示重复（只断断续续，而非一直不停）‎ ‎ We’ve been discussing the matter several times this year.‎ ‎ I have been saying goodbye to some friends today.‎ ‎3.【现在完成时】【2016·北京】I ________ half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend.‎ A. read B. have read C. am reading D. will read ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【名师点睛】‎ 现在完成时基本用法：‎ ‎1、表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already, yet, ever, never, just，before 等词连用。‎ 例如：Have you ever cooked at home? 你吃晚饭了吗？‎ You have already grown much taller.你已经长高了许多。‎ ‎2、表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。往往和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，常用的有：for＋一段时间；since+过去时间点或从句。（Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度），提问用How long.‎ 例如：It has been five years since he joined the army .他参军五年了。‎ ‎ They have learned English for eight years .他们已学了八年的英语了。‎ ‎3、现在完成时需注意的问题：‎ ‎○1表示短暂性的动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用appear, begin, borrow, lend, buy, close,‎ come, die, fall, find, finish, join, kill, leave, sell, stop等。‎ 例如：He has joined the army for five years. （错误）‎ ‎ He has been in the army for five years.(正确)‎ 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。‎ ‎（错）I have received his letter for a month.‎ ‎（对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.‎ ‎○2不能和明确的过去时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last week, in 1998,two days ago等。‎ ‎○3have/has been to 和have/has gone to 的区别：‎ ‎ have/has been to 去过某地，现在已经回来；‎ ‎ have/has gone to 去了某地，在去的路上或已经在那里。‎ ‎○4比较一般过去时与现在完成时 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或状态，强调动作，不和现在发生联系，常与具体的过去时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等，；现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，不能与表过去的时间状语连用。‎ I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了）‎ I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）‎ Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了）‎ He has been a League member for three years. （强调他是团员）‎ 现在完成时考点分析：‎ ‎①现在完成时除可以和for、since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during / in /over the last(past)few years (months, weeks)、in recent years等。‎ ‎②下列句型中常用现在完成时 It is (has been) + 一段时间 + since从句 This(That / It)is the first(second…)time that + 完成时 This(That / It)is the only … + that + 完成时 This(that / It)is the best / finest / most interesting … + that 从句 + 完成时 ‎③在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。如：‎ I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.‎ If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better.‎ Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.‎ ‎4.【一般将来时的被动语态】【2016·北京】The students have been working hard on their lessons ‎ and their ‎ efforts ________ with success in the end.‎ ‎ A. rewarded B. were rewarded ‎ ‎ C. will reward D. will be rewarded ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【名师点睛】‎ 一般将来时 ‎①表示未来的动作或状态常用will / shall + 动词（常与表示将来的时间状语边用如tomorrow、next week等）。‎ ‎②表示一种趋向或习惯动作。‎ We’ll die without air or water.‎ ‎③表示趋向行为的动词如come、go、start、begin、leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。‎ ‎④be going to与will / shall, be to do, be about to do用法及区别：‎ ‎ A shall / will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。‎ B be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；‎ be going to 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表意愿。如：‎ If it is fine, we’ll go fishing.(正确)‎ If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.(错误)‎ C be to do sth.表按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等。‎ A meeting is to be held at 3:00 o’clock this afternoon.‎ D be about to do sth.表示“即将或者正要去做某事”，通常不与时间状语连用,但可与when引导的从句连用，构成常考句型：sb was about to do when sb did sth。‎ ‎ Autumn harvest is about to start.‎ 被动语态的构成 一般式 进行式 完成式 现在时 am/is/are+p.p am/is/are+being+ p.p have/has+been + p.p 过去时 was/were+ p.p was/were+being+ p.p had +been + p.p 将来时 shall/will+be+p.p shall/will+have been+ p.p 注意：‎ 含有情态动词的谓语变化为被动语态：由“情态动词（can, may must, have to等）+be +动词的-ed形式构成。‎ 含有“be going to , be to, used to, be about to”等结构的复合谓语变为被动语态：其构成为“be going to （be to, used to, be about to）+ be +动词的-ed形式”。‎ ‎5.【一般将来时态的被动语态】【2016·江苏】More efforts, as reported, ________in the years ahead to ‎ accelerate the supply-side structural reform.‎ ‎ A. are made B.will be made ‎ ‎ C. are being made D.have been made ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎6.【现在完成进行时】【2016·江苏】Dashan, who_________crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for ‎ decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.‎ A. will be learning B. is learning ‎ C. had been learning D. has been learning ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎7.【过去完成时】【2016·天津】When walking down the street, I came across David, when I _________ ‎ for years.‎ ‎ A. didn’t see B. haven’t seen C. hadn’t seen D. wouldn’t see ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎8.【过去完成时】【2016·浙江】Silk ________ one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.‎ ‎ A. had become B. was becoming C. has become D.is becoming ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【名师点睛】动词的时态、语态是选择题中必考内容之一，动词的各种时态形式都可能考到，不过最常考的是一般现在时态，一般过去时态，现在进行时态，以及一般将来时态，现在完成时态，同时还常与非谓语动词一起考查，做语法填空题时，首先要判断括号中所给动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，如本小题第一个空就是考查谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态、语态、语气(陈述语气还是虚拟语气)、主谓一致四个方面，本小题考查过去完成时，从三个方面来进行判断：‎ ‎1. 看句子中的时间状语或时间状语从句，本小题时间状语是by about 100 BC，故判断是过去完成时。‎ ‎2. 在没有时间状语或时间状语从句时，要看上下文的谓语动词的形式。‎ ‎3. 看是否是特殊句型等。如：It was+the first time+that从句中用过去完成时。‎ ‎9.【一般过去时的被动语态】【2015·北京】--Did you enjoy the party?‎ ‎ --Yes,we ________ by our hosts.‎ ‎ A.were treated B.would be treated. C.treated D.had treated ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎10.【现在完成时】【2015·北京】In the last few years,China ________ great achievements in environmental protection.‎ ‎ A.has made B.had made C.was making D.is making ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎11.【过去完成时】【2015·北京】—Did you have difficulty finding Ann' house?‎ ‎ —Not really.She_________us clear directions and we were able to find it.easily?‎ ‎ A.was to give B.had given C.was giving D.would give ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎12.【一般将来时】【2015·北京】—Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.‎ ‎ —All right. I _________ him later.‎ ‎ A. will call B. have called C. call D.will be calling ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎13.【动词的时态】【2015·重庆】—Is Peter coming?‎ ‎ —No, he________ his mind after a phone call at the last minute.‎ ‎ A.changes B. changed C. was changing D. had changed ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎14.【现在完成时的被动语态】【2015·重庆】In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the ‎ wheat ________ cut.‎ ‎ A. will have been B. will be C. was D. has been ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎15.【动词时态】【2015·浙江】Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child, few people guessed that he ________ a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.‎ ‎ A. has been B. had been C. was going to be D. was ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎16.【现在完成时的被动语态】【2015·天津】Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement ________ so far by the two sides.‎ A. has been reached B. was reached C. will reach D. will have reached ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎17.【一般将来时】【2015·天津】Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she ________ a class at that time. ‎ ‎ A. will teach B. would teach C. has taught D. will be teaching ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎18.【时态与语态辨析】【2015·四川】More expressways in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.‎ A. are being built B. will be built C. have been built D. had been built ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎19.【过去将来时】【2015·陕西】At college, Barack Obama didn’t know that he the first black ‎ president of the United States of America.‎ ‎ A. was to become B. becomes C. is to become D. became ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎20.【现在完成进行时】【2015·陕西】Mary really hard on his book and thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday.‎ ‎ A. worked B. has been working C. had worked D. has worked ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎21.【现在完成进行时】【2015·福建】—Where is Peter? I can't find him anywhere.‎ ‎—He went to the library after breakfast and ________ his essay there ever since.‎ A. wrote B. had written C. has been writing D. is writing ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎22.【时态与语态辨析】【2015·福建】To my delight, I ________ from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.‎ ‎ A. was chosen B. was being chosen C. would choose D. had chosen ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎23.【动词时态】【2015·江苏】The real reason why prices ________ , and still are, too high is ‎ complex, and no ‎ short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.‎ ‎ A. were B. will be C. have been D. had been ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎24.【时态与语态】【2015·安徽】It is reported that a space station ________ on the moon in years to come.‎ A. will be building B. will be built ‎ C. has been building D. has been built ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎25.【时间状语的时态】【2015·湖南】I wasn't able to hide my eagerness when I ________, "What do you wish me to do now?"‎ ‎ A. ask B. have asked C. am asking D. asked ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎26.【动词的时态】【2015·湖南】That's why I help brighten people's days. If you ________，who's to say that ‎ another person will?‎ ‎ A. didn't B. don't C．weren't D．haven't ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】B 　‎ ‎27.【动词的时态和语态】【2015·湖南】I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but ________ thankfully by the shop window.‎ ‎ A. am held back B. held back ‎ C. hold back D. was held back ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】D 　‎ ‎2017年真题 ‎1.【动词时态固定句型】【2017·天津卷】I ________down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.‎ ‎ A. was driving B. have driven C. would drive D. drove ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：我正开车去伦敦这时我突然发现我走错路了。根据固定句型：was/ were doing sth + when (suddenlu) did ... 句意：正在做某事，就在这时（那时）突然，根据句意，故选A。‎ ‎2.【过去进行时的被动语态】【2017·江苏卷】He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he ________.‎ A. was being followed B. was following ‎ C. had been followed D. followed ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎3.【动词的时态】【2017·江苏卷】He’s been informed that he _______ for the scholarship because of his academic background.‎ A. hasn’t qualified B. hadn’t qualified ‎ C. doesn’t qualify D. wasn’t qualifying ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查动词的时态。句意：他已经被告知由于教育背景的原因而没有资格获得奖学金。qualify for ‎ sth达标，获得参赛资格。由于条件不满足而没有资格做某事，是客观事实，故选C。‎ ‎4.【过去完成时的被动语态】【2017·北京卷】In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at ‎ home, and wireless phones _______ yet. ‎ ‎ A. haven’t invented B. haven’t been invented ‎ C. hadn’t invented D. hadn’t been invented ‎【答案】D ‎5.【一般过去时】【2017·北京卷】— _______ that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?‎ ‎ —Yes. They are happy with it.‎ ‎ A. Did you call B. Have you called ‎ ‎ C. Will you call D. Were you calling ‎【答案】A 试题分析：句意：--你昨天有没有给那家公司打电话问问他们对我们的产品感觉怎么样？--打了，他们此刻正用得很开心。空格所在题干有一个很明显的时间状语yesterday，发生在过去，肯定用过去式，故选A。‎ 考点：考查时态。‎ ‎ ‎