【英语】2019届一轮复习必修二unit3Computers学案

【英语】2019届一轮复习必修二unit3Computers学案

‎【题目优选】‎ 假如你是李华，是来自中国的交换生，在英国某所学校就读，你于2017年10月14日在商店购买的电脑坏了，请你根据下列提示给商店客服写一封信。‎ 主要内容：‎ ‎1.写作目的；‎ ‎2.描述具体情况(黑屏，无法使用)；‎ ‎3.建议解决办法(更换或退钱)。‎ ‎【经典范文】‎ Dear Sir/Madam，‎ My name is Li Hua, an exchange student from China. I'm writing to complain about the quality of the computer which I purchased from your store on October 14, 2017.‎ It unexpectedly went wrong a few days after I bought it. The monitor turned out to be a black screen while I was preparing an important report. I tried to restart it according to the instructions, but it still failed to work. Therefore, I'm sure there is something wrong with the computer. I am hoping that you direct me to a store where I may replace the faulty item with a new one or have my money refunded. Since your store has gained a good reputation for customer satisfaction, I am confident that you will process my complaint at your earliest convenience.‎ Looking forward to your early reply.‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Hua ‎【名师点拨】‎ 在文中，作者运用了较高级的词汇和短语。如：complain about (投诉)，purchase (消费，买)，go wrong (出问题)，reputation (声誉)等，‎ 体现了作者扎实的词汇基础。并且运用了多样化的句式结构。如：①定语从句：which I purchased from your store on October 14, 2017；②状语从句：while I was preparing an important report；③宾语从句：that you direct me to a store where I may replace the faulty item with a new one or have my money refunded等。这些句式的运用，大大提升了文章的档次。‎ ‎1．核心单词 ‎(1)solve (vt.) 解决；解答→solution (n.) 解决；解答 ‎(2)explore (vt. &vi.) 探索；探测；探究→explorer (n.) 探险家；勘探者→exploration (n.) 探索 ‎(3)anyhow (adv.)(也作anyway)无论如何；即使如此 ‎(4)goal (n.) 目标；目的；球门；(进球)得分 ‎(5)signal (vi. &vt.) 发信号 (n.) 信号 ‎(6)type (n.) 类型 (vt. &vi.) 打字→typist (n.) 打字员→typewriter (n.) 打字机 ‎(7)arise (vi.) 出现；发生→arose (过去式)→arisen (过去分词)‎ ‎(8)electronic (adj.) 电子的→electricity (n.) 电；电学 ‎2．阅读单词 ‎(1)calculate (vt.) 计算 ‎(2)universal (adj.) 普遍的；通用的；宇宙的 ‎(3)simplify (vt.) 简化 ‎(4)logical (adj.) 合逻辑的；合情理的 ‎(5)technology (n.) 工艺；科技；技术 ‎(6)revolution (n.) 革命 ‎(7)artificial (adj.) 人造的；假的 ‎(8)reality (n.) 真实；事实；现实 ‎(9)personally (adv.) 就个人而言；亲自 ‎(10)total (adj.) 总的；整个的 ‎(11)application (n.) 应用；用途；申请 ‎(12)appearance (n.) 外观；外貌；出现 ‎(13)character (n.) 性格；特点 ‎【即景活用】‎ 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 ‎1．The team are working hard to analyze the problem so that they can find the best ________ (solve)．‎ 答案：solution ‎2．With many problems ________(arise), he didn't know what to do next.‎ 答案：arising ‎3．There is another kind of beauty that has nothing to do with ________(appear), but comes from the heart.‎ 答案：appearance ‎4.I felt powerless, facing the ________(real) that there was no one to help me.‎ 答案：reality ‎5．Try to ________(simple) your explanation to the students to help them understand better.‎ 答案：simplify ‎6．Young people want something ________(total) different from the old ways.‎ 答案：totally ‎7．It was said that the president had written back to the little boy ________(personal)．‎ 答案：personally ‎8．With the________(apply) of the new technology, the output of steel almost doubled what it was last year.‎ 答案：application ‎9．Christopher Columbus was seen as one of the greatest ________ (explore)．‎ 答案：explorers ‎10．The policeman ________(signal) to us to move on.‎ 答案：signalled 联想积累 ‎1．ABC式过去式、过去分词变化 ‎①arise→arose→arisen ‎②bear→bore→borne ‎③choose→chose→chosen ‎④drive→drove→driven ‎⑤ride→rode→ridden ‎⑥rise→rose→risen ‎⑦write→wrote→written ‎2．fy, ify结尾的动词 ‎①simplify 简化 ‎②beautify 美化 ‎③identify 鉴定；识别 ‎④justify 证明……有理 ‎⑤satisfy 使满意 ‎⑥classify 把……分类 ‎3．ology结尾的名词 ‎①technology 科技；工业技术 ‎②biology 生物学 ‎③ecology生态学 ‎④geology地质学 ‎⑤psychology心理学 ‎⑥archeology 考古学 ‎⑦sociology社会学 ‎1．from ... on 　　　　　　　从……时起 ‎2．go_by (时间)过去；根据……作判断 ‎3．as_a_result结果 ‎4．of_high_quality高质量的 ‎5．in_a_way从某种意义上；在某种程度上 ‎6．make up 弥补；化妆；编造；构成 ‎7．after all 毕竟 ‎8．with the help of 在……的帮助下 ‎9．deal with 处理；安排；对付 ‎10．watch over 看守；监视 ‎【即景活用】‎ 用所给短语的适当形式填空 as a result， deal with， make up， in a way， watch over， with the help of ‎1．Everyone in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and ________ jokes.‎ 答案：making up ‎2．It was ________ the local guide that the mountain climber was rescued.‎ 答案：with the help of ‎3．Mother asked me to ________ the milk while she went out to get some sugar.‎ 答案：watch over ‎4．One possibility is that being overweight influences hormone levels ________ .‎ 答案：in a way ‎5．As far as I know, the young man is hard to ________ .‎ 答案：deal with ‎6．He met with the heavy storm last night. ________ , he could not find the way home.‎ 答案：As a result 联想积累 ‎1．go相关短语 ‎①go by (时间等)流逝；走过；经过；凭……判断 ‎②go after追求；追赶 ‎③go against反对；违背 ‎④go over仔细检查；重复 ‎⑤go through遭受；经历 ‎2．all相关短语 ‎①after all 毕竟；终究 ‎②above all 首先；最重要 ‎③in all 总计；合计 ‎④at all (否定句)一点也不；(疑问句)到底；究竟；根本 ‎⑤first of all 首先；第一 ‎⑥all in all 总的说来 ‎3．make相关短语 ‎①make up 虚构；弥补；组成；化妆；和好 ‎②be made up of 由……组成(＝consist of)‎ ‎③make up for 偿还；赔偿；弥补 ‎④make for 走向；促成 ‎⑤make out 辨认出；开(账单、支票等)；理解 ‎1．I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage.‎ 我发育非常缓慢，差不多到了两百年之后，查尔斯·巴比奇才把我制成了一台分析机。‎ ‎2．Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.‎ 不管怎样，我的目标是为人类提供高质量的生活。‎ ‎【句式仿写】‎ ‎1．It was five hours ________ the train passed through Shenyang.‎ ‎5个小时之后，火车穿过了沈阳。‎ 答案：before ‎2．I am ________ you that the meeting will be held in Wuhan.‎ 我谨通知你会议将在武汉召开。‎ 答案：to inform 联想积累 before引导时间状语从句时，用以表示主句动作发生在从句动作之前，译法灵活 ‎①强调主句动作发生在从句之前，意为“不等……就……”。‎ ‎②在“It＋be＋时间段＋before从句”中，意为“……(多久)之后才……”。‎ ‎③在“It＋be＋否定词＋long＋before从句”中，意为“……不久 就……”。‎ ‎④在特定的情景中，意为“趁着……”。‎ ‎⑤hardly ... before/when ... “刚……就……”。‎ ‎[单词点津]‎ solve　vt. 解决；解答 ‎[教材原句]In 1936 my real father, Alan Turing, wrote a book about how I could be made to work as a “universal machine” to solve any difficult mathematical problem.‎ ‎1936年，我真正的父亲，艾伦·图灵写了一本书，讲述怎样能使我成为一台“通用机器”来解决任何数学难题。‎ ‎(1)solve a problem 解决一个问题 ‎(2)solution n. 解决办法；处理手段 a/the solution to sth. 某事情的解决方法 ‎【即景活用】‎ ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①There are still many problems ________ (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.‎ ‎②It may take a long time to find a ________ (solve) to the problem.‎ 答案：①to be solved　②solution ‎(2)单句改错 A good solution of the problem is to talk with the victims as soon as possible.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案：of→to totally　adv. 完全地；整个地 ‎[教材原句]As a result I totally changed my shape.‎ 因此，我已经完全改变了形状。‎ ‎【即景活用】‎ ‎(1)单句语法填空 I ________ (total) agree with what Susan says about the best present.‎ 答案：totally ‎(2)完成句子 ‎①________ , over 1,600 houses, schools and hospitals were transferred to other places in 1953.‎ 在1953年，总计有超过1,600所住宅、学校和医院转移到了其他地方。‎ ‎②________ 24% believe that the reform will be beneficial to the country and good for them personally.‎ 总计24%的人相信这次改革对他们个人和国家来说都是有益的。‎ 答案：①In total/In all　②A total of signal　vi. & vt. 发信号　n. 信号 ‎[教材原句]For example, I have learned to signal to my teammates in computer language to give me the ball when I am open and have a good shot for a goal.‎ 假如，当我启动的时候，我可以用计算机语言向队友示意把球传给我，这样可以有一个漂亮的射门。‎ ‎(1)signal (to) sb. to do sth. 示意某人做某事 signal (to) sb. that ... 示意某人……‎ ‎(2)a traffic signal 交通信号 send out a signal 发出信号 ‎【即景活用】‎ ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①The policeman signalled the driver ________ (stop) his car by raising his hand.‎ ‎②He stood up, ________ (signal) to the police officer that he had finished talking with his client.‎ 答案：①to stop　②signalling ‎(2)完成句子 Most of the men gave no consideration to the colors of the ________ .‎ 大多数男人对交通信号灯的颜色不够重视。‎ 答案：traffic signal arise　vi. (arose, arisen)出现；发生 ‎[教材原句]Then she prepares reliable moves to use if a new situation arises.‎ 然后她把我在新情况下能用得上的可靠动作准备好。‎ ‎【即景活用】‎ ‎(1)单句语法填空 A number of high buildings ________ (arise) where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.‎ 答案：have arisen ‎(2)完成句子 ‎①It can't be too careful while driving; accidents often ‎ ____________ carelessness.‎ 开车时越小心越好，事故往往是由疏忽大意引起的。‎ ‎②The sun ________ in the east and sets in the west.‎ 太阳东升西落。‎ ‎③The book ________ the boy's interest in physics.‎ 这本书激发了这个男孩对物理的兴趣。‎ ‎④He got angry and ________________ .‎ 他生气了，提高了嗓音。‎ 答案：①arise from　②rises　③arouses　④raised his voice ‎[短语点拨]‎ as a result 结果；因此 ‎[教材原句]As a result I totally changed my shape.‎ 因此，我已经完全改变了形状。‎ ‎(1)as a result of由于……的原因 without result 徒劳；毫无结果 ‎(2)result from 因……引起 result in 导致；致使 ‎【即景活用】‎ 完成句子 ‎①People are destroying the environment at such a surprising speed. ______________ , many species are quickly dying out.‎ 人们正在以惊人的速度破坏环境。其结果是，许多物种正在迅速消失。‎ ‎②________________ your carelessness, the whole project should be put off at least one month.‎ 由于你的粗心，整个计划将要被推迟至少一个月。‎ ‎③We know that not working hard enough ____________ his failure.‎ 我们知道他的失败是工作不够努力造成的。‎ ‎④It's generally believed that her cancer ______________ the ‎ overfull tiredness.‎ 普遍认为她是因为过度的劳累而得了癌症。‎ 答案：①As a result　②As a result of　③has resulted in　④resulted from in a way 从某种意义上；在某种程度上 ‎[教材原句]In a way our programmer is like our coach.‎ 在某种程度上，我们的程序员就像我们的教练。‎ all the way 一路上；自始至终；完全 by the way 顺便说一下；顺便问一下 in no way 一点也不；决不(位于句首时，句子应使用部分倒装)‎ in this way 用这种方法 in the way 挡道；碍事 on the way (to ...) 在(去……的)途中 ‎【即景活用】‎ 完成句子 ‎①____________ , he has made great progress this term.‎ 在某种程度上，他在这学期已经取得了很大进步。‎ ‎②In no way __________________ when you are faced with difficulties.‎ 面对困难时，你决不应该灰心丧气。‎ ‎③That is how the car works. ______________ , this is the engine.‎ 那就是汽车是怎么运行的，顺便说一下，这就是发动机。‎ 答案：①In a way　②should you lose heart　③By the way deal with 处理；安排；对付；涉及；讨论 ‎[教材原句]This means that it should clean the house, mop the floors, cook the dinner and deal with telephone calls.‎ 这就意味着，我的机器人要打扫房间、擦地板、做饭和接听电话。‎ do with sth. 处理某事 have something/nothing to do with与……有关/无关 deal in sth. 对某事感兴趣；经营……；买卖……‎ do a deal 达成协议 It's a deal. 就这么办。/成交。‎ a good deal 合算的买卖 ‎【特别提醒】‎ ‎(1)deal with常与疑问词how连用，表示“怎么处理/对待”。‎ ‎(2)do with常与疑问词what连用，表示“怎么处理/对待”。‎ ‎【即景活用】‎ ‎(1)单句改错 What did you deal with that difficult situation?‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案：What→How或deal→do ‎(2)完成句子 ‎①It is true that I don't know how to ________ their problem, but I do know what to ________ my problem.‎ 我真的不知道怎么处理他们的问题，但我确实知道如何处理自己的问题。‎ ‎②Then we will look at what we can ________ the data.‎ 接下来我们看看怎么处理这些数据。‎ 答案：①deal with; do with　②do with ‎[句型与语法]‎ ‎[教材原句]As time went by, I was made smaller.‎ 随着时间的推移，我被制作得更小了。‎ ‎(1)as引导时间状语从句，译为“随着……”，也可以表达“一边……，一边……”的意思；‎ ‎(2)as还可以引导原因状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句、比较状语从句及定语从句；‎ ‎(3)as也可作介词，意为“作为”，经常构成短语，如work as, serve ‎ as, describe ... as ... 等。‎ ‎【特别提醒】‎ as连词，意为“随着”，引导时间状语从句；with介词，意为“随着”，后跟v.ing形式作宾补，构成with的复合结构，作时间状语。‎ ‎【即景活用】‎ 完成句子 ‎①When in Rome, do ____________ .‎ 入乡随俗。‎ ‎②__________________ , I gradually adapted myself to the school life.‎ 随着时间的推移，我逐渐适应了学校生活。‎ ‎③Tall ____________ , she couldn't reach the oranges.‎ 她虽然长得这么高，却仍够不着那些橙子。‎ ‎④________________ , we're still working.‎ 正如你看到的，我们还在工作。‎ ‎⑤________ housing price going up fast, ordinary people find it harder to afford one.‎ 随着房价的迅速攀升，普通人发现买一套房子更难了。‎ 答案：①as Romans do　②As time went by　③as she was　④As you can see　⑤With ‎[教材原句]Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told!‎ 随着时间的推移，我的记忆能力发展得如此之快，就像一头大象一样，我从来不会忘记告诉我的任何事情！‎ ‎(1)现在完成时的被动语态的句式结构 肯定式 主语＋have/has been done ... ‎ 否定式 主语＋have/has not been done ... ‎ Have/Has＋主语＋been done ...？‎ 一般疑问式 特殊疑问式 疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done ...？‎ ‎(2)现在完成时的被动语态的用法 ‎①表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，通常与already, yet, never, recently等副词及时间状语so far, by now, up till now, since, before等连用。‎ ‎②表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并有可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long ...？”句型中。‎ ‎【即景活用】‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①The washing machine ________ (repair) for two hours. I don't know how long I will continue to wait.‎ ‎②This book ________ (translate) into many languages up to now.‎ 答案：①has been repaired　②has been translated The history of computers began in 1642 in France. They were first built only as __1__ (calculate) machines, and __2__(late) as analytical machines that could “think” __3__(logic) and produce an answer quicker than any person. Still later, __4__ “universal machine” was built to solve mathematical problems, __5__ made computers huge! As the years __6__ (go) by, computers were made smaller, quicker __7__ cleverer. Later, computers were connected by a network and brought into common people's homes to deal __8__information and help communication between people around the world. Since __9__(they) birth, computers have always __10__(design) to serve the human race.‎ ‎1．________ 　2.________ 　3.________ 　4.________ 　5.________ 　6.________ 　7.________ 　8.________ 　9.________ 　10.________ ‎ 答案：1.calculating　2.later　3.logically　4.the　5.which ‎6．went　7.and　8.with　9.their　10.been designed