专题02 代词（易错起源）-2018年高考英语备考黄金易错点

专题02 代词（易错起源）-2018年高考英语备考黄金易错点

‎【易错雷区，步步为赢】‎ ‎1.（2017江苏）In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of_____purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.‎ A.which B.it’s C.whose D.whom ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】关系代词whose引导定语从句并且在定语从句中作purpose的定语。which,whom在定语从句中不能作定语，it’s不能引导定语从句，故选C。 ‎ ‎2．(2017·江苏卷) In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of ________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.‎ A. which B. its C. whose D. whom ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎3． (2017·江苏卷)In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of ________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.‎ A. which B. its C. whose D. whom ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】考查定语从句。先行词the World Food Programme在非限制性定语从句中作定语，修饰名词purposes，所以用关系代词whose引导，故选C项。句意：1963年，联合国成立了世界粮食计划署，其目的之一就是缓解世界范围内的饥荒。‎ ‎4．（2017·江苏） In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of_____purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.‎ A.which B.it’s C.whose D.whom ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】关系代词whose引导定语从句并且在定语从句中作purpose的定语。which, whom在定语从句中不能作定语，it’s不能引导定语从句，故选C。‎ ‎5．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，68)On my recent visit，I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by ________(it) mother.‎ 答案its　解析 句意：在我最近的一次参观中，可爱的三个月大的双胞胎中的一只被它的妈妈遗弃了。由后面的mother可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词its表示所属关系。‎ ‎6．(2016·四川，68)By that time，the panda no longer needed ________(it)mother for food.‎ 答案 its　解析 句意：到那时，这只熊猫不再需要从它的母亲那里获取食物。此处用形容词性物主代词its修饰mother。‎ ‎7．(2016·浙江，3)In many ways，the education system in the US is not very different from ________ in the UK.‎ 答案that　解析 句意：在很多方面，美国的教育体系和英国的教育体系很不一样。这里指代前面的名词education system，所以用that。‎ ‎8.(2015·浙江，12)How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?‎ 答案　it ‎9.(2015·重庆，2)The meeting will be held in September, but knows the date for sure.‎ 解析　句意：会议将在九月召开，但是没人知道具体日期。句中的关键词为but，表转折，故nobody没有人，符合句意。‎ 答案　nobody ‎10.(2015·陕西，13)To warm himself，the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the .‎ 解析　句意：为了让自己暖和起来，这个水手坐在火堆旁，光着脚，用一只脚搓另一只脚。表示两者中的一个，另一个，用one...the other...。‎ 答案　other ‎11.(2015·四川，10)Niki is always full of ideas，but is useful to my knowledge.‎ 解析　句意：Niki总是有很多想法，但是没有一个想法对我的知识有用。三者或三者否定以上用none，可指人也可指物。‎ 答案　none ‎12.(2015·天津，2)The quality of education in this small school is better than in some larger schools.‎ 答案　that ‎13.(2015·福建，21)The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but contained any useful suggestions.‎ 解析　句意：这个研究组发布了以调查为基础的两个报道，但是都没有有用的建议。考查代词。根据句意，两者都不用neither。‎ 答案　neither ‎【名师点睛，易错起源】‎ 易错起源1、物主代词和反身代词的用法 ‎ 例1． Tom felt that he knew everybody’s business than they knew it _ _.‎ A. themselves B. oneself ‎ C. itself D. himself Is’s nice if a ‎【错误解答】D ‎【错解分析】对反身代词的理解错误。如果把注意力放在everyb。dy上，就会误选D.实际上在使用反身代词时，要注意主语。如果主语是I就用mysef；you用yourself或yourselves；he用心mself；she用helself；让用itself；we用ourselves;thery用theraselves。这里当是强调主语they，所以用相应的themselves.‎ ‎【正确解答】 A ‎【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】‎ ‎1.英汉差异。英语中必须有形容词性物主代词，而汉语中往往省略不翻译。例如: ‎ Jack took off his coat and went go bed (his 不能省略) ‎ ‎ 2.“of+名词性物主代词”用作定语。例如: ‎ Some friends of mine will attend my birthday party.zx.x.k That　car　of hers is a1ways breaing down. ‎ ‎3.“形容词性物主代词+own+名词”表示强调，在own前还可加very表示进一步的强调。 例如: ‎ It’s nice if a man can have his own car.‎ I want to have my very own car.‎ ‎4.“a(an，Some，any) +名词+ of one’s own”表示“某人自己的……”的意思。名词前可以用this,that,these,four,those,several,another,no,whieh等修饰，但不能用定冠词the。例如:‎ ‎5.反身代词的习惯用语。‎ by oneslf =alone 独自地，亲自 to oneself 暗自 for oneself 为自己 in oneself 本质上 of onesflf 自动地，自发地 be oneself 玩得愉快 dress oneslf in 穿着……‎ help oneslf to 随便吃……，自行取用 come to oneself 苏醒 make oneself at home 不要客气 devote omeself to 专心于；献身于……‎ find omeself in/at发觉自己来到……‎ teach oneself 自学 dress oneself 自己穿 lose oneself 迷路 excuse oneself 自我辩解 易错起源2、不定代词的用法 ‎ 例2．—One week’s time has been wastea.‎ ‎ —I can’t believe we did all that work for __ .‎ A. something B. nothing ‎ C. everything D. anything ‎【错误解答】A或D ‎ 【正确解答】 B ‎【名师点睛】‎ 易混不定代词的用法区别:‎ ‎ 1.some和any 二者都可用作名词(作主语或宾语)，也可用作形容词(作定语)来修饰可数名词或不可数名词。‎ ‎(1)some一般用于肯定句中。当some用于单数可数名词前时，表示”某一(个)”，与数字连用则表示“大概，大约”的意思，用于疑问句时，表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答，或表示请求，建议。例如:‎ I’ve read the story in some book. (某一本)‎ Some girl. is waiting for you at the school gate.(某个)‎ The country has exported some two million bikes this year. ( 大约 )‎ May I have some water? (表示请求)‎ ‎ Would you like some apples? (邀请)‎ ‎ (2)any多用于疑问句，否定句和条件句中。在肯定句中，any表示“任何的”，修饰单数可数名词。也可用作状语，表示程度。例如:‎ ‎ both两者都，all三者或三者以上，全体；在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。‎ ‎ (1)all除了指人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数；还可指物，表示“所有，一切”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，也可用来修饰不可数名词。例如:‎ All but one are present.(作主语，指人，谓语动词用复数)‎ All is over with him.(作主语，指物，谓语动词用单数)‎ I have forgotten all about it(作宾语)‎ All hope has gone.(修饰不可数名词)‎ They all agree to stay here.(作同位语)‎ ‎3.much和many 两个词都有“许多”的意思，much表示或修饰不可数名词，many表示或修饰可数名词。在口语中，much或many多用于疑问句或否定句，在肯定句中常用a lot of，lots Of，plenty of，a large quantity of，quantities of代替。much还可以用a great deal of代替，many可以用a(1arge)number of代替。‎ ‎(1)much可用作副词，作状语，表程度。be not much意为“不怎么样”，much还可与too连用，构成“too much+不可数名词”短语，意为“太多的……”或“much too+形容词或副词”短语，意为“太……“非常”，是副词词组，修饰形、副词，但不修饰动词。例如:‎ The city is much larger than that one.‎ I’ve visited the country and it is not much.‎ There is too much noise in the classroom I’m much too busy to see visitors.‎ ‎ (2)many a + 可数名词单数，表示“许多”。在名词前如果有冠词或指示代词等词时，要用many of或much of结构，例如:‎ ‎ Many a student has gone to the cinema.‎ Many of the/my books are English.‎ ‎(1)each强调个体，在句子中充当定语，主语，宾语和同位语，指两者或两者以上的人或事物中的每一个。例如:‎ ‎ Each room can seat at least fifty people.‎ ‎ Each of the students will get a new book.‎ ‎ Each student will get a new book The students each will get a new book.‎ There are trees and flowers on each side of the street. ( 街道只有两边，不能用every)‎ ‎(2)every强调整体，在句中只能作定语，指三者或三者以上的人或事物中的每一个。还可以表示“每隔……”构成“every+数词+复数名词”，“every + few + 复数名词”，“every + other + 单数名词”，“every +序数词 + 单数名词”，例如:‎ Every one has strong and weak points.‎ Every student has told a story.‎ every three weeks 每隔三个星期，每隔两个星期 every other week = every second week 每隔一星期 every few weeks(不能说evesry a few weeks)每隔几个星期 ‎6.either 和neither either指“两个人或物中的任何一个”，表示肯定意义，neither指“两个人或物一个也不”，表示否定意义。这两个词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。‎ ‎①either可放在否定句的句尾，表示”也”。例如:‎ I don’t know either.我也不知道。‎ ‎②either可用作连词，“或者，要么”的意思，一般与。or连用，构成“either... or”短语，意为“不是……就是……”，“或者……或者……”。当这一短语连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词在人称和数上要同最近的主语保持一致，如: ‎ Either he or I am to blame.‎ Is either he or you going to the cinema?‎ Are either you or he going to the cinema?‎ ‎③either修饰名词时，前面不用物主代词，指示代词或定冠词，可以说:“either pen”，但不能说“the either pen或either my pen”‎ ‎④either用作代词时，可以单独使用，也可和of连用，of后接复数名词，名词前要用一个物主代词，指示代词或定冠词，如:‎ He doesn’t like either of the two places.‎ ‎⑤当either of作主语时，动词一般用单数形式，但在否定句和疑问句中，动词也常用复数，特别在口语中，如:‎ ‎7.no和 none Either of them is good enough. I don’t think either of them are at home.‎ ‎(1)no表示“不”“无”只能作定语，修饰不可数名词或可数名词单复数，相当于not any或not a。例如:There is no water in the bottle.‎ ‎(2)none表示“没有人，任何人也不”用作名词，相当于no one或not any，常同of连用，构成“Noneof...”结构，none作可数名词用时，指三者或三者以上，作主语时谓语动词用单数或复数均可，none作不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数，none在句中作主语或宾语，不作定语，不与名词连用，例如:‎ None of books are (is) interesting.‎ 注意:‎ ‎①none but+复数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数，例如:‎ None but wolves walk like that.除非狼才会那么走。‎ ‎②none和noone的区别:‎ none回答以howmany／much引导的特殊疑问句或“any of + 限定词 + 名词”或表一定范围的一般疑问句，no one回答以who引导的特殊疑问句及含有anybody或无限定范围的一般问句，简言之， none表示数量，no one表示没有人，例如:‎ ‎ — How many students are there in the classroom now?‎ ‎—None.‎ ‎—How any of you ever been to the Great Wall?‎ ‎—None.‎ ‎—Who can answer the question?‎ ‎—No one.‎ ‎8.other,another,others,any other,the other的用法。 ‎ ‎ (1)other表示泛指，意为“另外的，其他的”。常与复数名词或不可数名词连用。如果其前有 the，this，some，any，each，every，no以及形容词性物主代词时，其后就可接单数名词。例如:‎ I have no other place to go.‎ ‎(2)another常用于指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个”，泛指单数。可以单独使用，也可以接名词。如果其后接复数名词，则表示“又，再，还”。例如:‎ This cap is too small for me. Show me another (one).‎ We need another three assistants in our company.‎ ‎(3)others是other的复数形式，表示泛指，意为“别的人或物”，但不指全部。特指时在其前加定冠词；前面可加任何限定词以及数量词。例如:‎ He has more concern for others than for himself.‎ ‎(4)any other表示一个之外的其他任何一个，百不是两个之中的另一个。例如: ‎ China is larger than any other country in Asia.‎ ‎(5)the other，表示两者中的另外一个。可以单独使用，以可接单数名词。例如:‎ No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give away to the other.‎ 易错起源3、代词出at、it、one的用法 ‎ 例3． Cars do cause as some health problems __ in fact for more serious than mobile phones do.‎ ‎ A. one B. ones C. it D. those ‎【错误解答】D ‎【错解分析】 这里ones用来替代前文的problems，由于有修饰语serious，故不能和those.‎ ‎【正确解答】B ‎【名师点睛】‎ 代词it的主要用法 ‎ 用作人称代词，指代前文提到过的事物。例如:‎ ‎ This is not my book. It is Mary’s.‎ 用来代替指示代词出，this或that。例如:‎ ‎ — What’s this? —It’s a dictionary.‎ ‎—Whose jacket is that? —It is hers.‎ 在性别不清楚时用来指人。例如:‎ ‎ —Who’s knocking at the door?‎ ‎ —It’s me.‎ ‎(4):指时间；距离、天气、环境等。例如:‎ ‎—What’s the time now?‎ ‎ —It’s ten past twenty.‎ ‎ It’s getting warmer and wanner.‎ ‎ It’s about ten miles’ ride from my home to the town.‎ ‎(5)指代整个句子的内容；例如:‎ Our team won the football match .Have you heard about it?‎ ‎(6)用于某些习惯用语中作宾语，对这些习惯用语只能从整体上来理解；例如:‎ ‎ I hate it when people speak with their mouths full.‎ ‎ We’ll foot it.‎ ‎ As it is, we can hardly get to the station by 7o’clock.‎ ‎【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】‎ 代词it,they与替代词one,ones,the one,the ones,that,those 的用法区别:‎ ‎(1)it指代前面提到过的事物，they是它的复数形式。‎ ‎(2)one替代单数名词，表示不特定的名词，也就是指泛指，ones是它的复数形式。‎ ‎(3)the one替代前面的单数名词，表示特指，往往其后带动定语，the ones是它的复数形式。‎ ‎(4)that既可替代单数可数名词,也可以替代不可数名词,若替代单数名词时,相当于the one.‎ ‎(5)those 替代复数名词,相当于the ones.例如 :‎ Your story is interesting, but I don’t I ike it. (句 1)‎ This story is an interesting one. ( 句 2 )‎ I haven’t a computer. I want to buy one next year. (句 2)‎ The dictionary on the desk is much better than that (the one) on the shelf. (句 3)‎ The population in China is much larger than that in America. (句 4)‎ The conditions are like those in the real spaceship. (句 5)‎ The weather in Beijing is much colder than that in Huanggang in winter. (句 4)‎ Students in our class are more hard – working than those in Mr. smith’s class. (句 5)‎ There is only one computer of the type in the shop, so I want to buy it for my daughter. (句 1)‎