形容词和副词讲解及相关高考题

形容词和副词讲解及相关高考题

形容词和副词讲解及 07—10 全国高考题 形容词 形容词(adjective)，简称 adj.或 a.，很多语言中均有的主要词类中的一种。主要用来修饰名词 的词，表示事物的特征。形容词用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态，和特征 的程度好坏，与否。 A. 形容词的一般用法 1. 作定语，一般放在所修饰词的前面。例如，It’s a cold and windy day. 2. 作表语，放在系动词的后面。例如，He looks happy today. 3. 形容词修饰 something，anything，nothing，everything 等复合不定代词时，须放在其后。 例如，Would you like something hot to drink？ 4. 表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。例如，How long is the river？ It’s about two hundred metres long. 5. 只能作表语的形容词：afraid 害怕；alone 独自的；asleep 睡着的；awake 醒着的；alive 活着的；well 健康的；ill 病的；frightened 害怕的 例如，The man is ill.(正) The ill man is my uncle.(误) 6. 只能作定语的形容词：little 小的；only 唯一的；wooden 木质的；woolen 羊毛质的；elder 年长的。例如，My elder brother is in Beijing.(正) My brother is elder. (误) 7. 貌似副词的形容词：lonely 独自的；friendly 友好的；lively 生动的；lovely 可爱的 8. 复合形容词：snow-white 雪白的 English-speaking 说英语的；glass-topped 玻璃罩的； full-time 全日制的；well-known 众所周知的；kind-hearted 善良的；man-made 人造的； take-away 可以带走的；ten-year-old 十岁的。 B. 多个形容词修饰名词 多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为： 限定词(冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、数词)——描绘词(大小，长短，形状，新旧， 长幼，颜色)——出处——材料性质——类别——名词 A small round table 一张小圆桌 A tall white building 一幢高大的白色建筑物 A dirty old black shirt 一件又脏又旧的黑色衬衣 A famous American medical school 一个非常著名的美国医学院 C. 形容词常用句型 1. “It’s +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。 这一句型中常用描述行为者的 性格、品质的形容词，如 good(好的)，kind(友善的)，nice(友好的)，polite(有礼貌的)， clever(聪明的)，foolish(愚蠢的)，lazy(懒惰的)，careful(细心的)，careless(粗心的)，right(正 确的)，wrong(错误的)等。 例如，It’s very kind of you to help me.(=You are very kind to help me.)你能帮助我，真好。 It’s very rude of her to say such words.(=She is very rude to say such words.)她说这样的话， 真粗鲁。 It’s foolish of him to go alone.(=He is foolish to go alone.)他单独出去太傻了。 2. “It’s+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。 这一句型中常用的形容词 有 important(重要的)，necessary(必要的)，difficult(困难的)，easy(容易的)，hard(艰难的)， dangerous(危险的)，safe(安全的)，useful(有益的)，pleasant(舒适的)，interesting(有趣的)， impossible(不可能的)等。 例如，It’s not easy for them to learn a foreign language.(=To learn a foreign language is not easy for them.)对于他们来说学好一门外语不容易。 It’s very important for students to listen to teachers carefully.(=To listen to teachers carefully is very important for students.)对于学生来说上课认真听老师讲课是非常重要的。 It’s necessary for us to get to school on time.(=To get to school on time is necessary for us.) 对于我们来说按时到校是非常必要的。 3. 表示感情或情绪的形容词，如 glad(高兴的)，pleased(高兴的)，sad(忧伤的)，thankful(感 激的)等常接不定式。 例如，Glad to see you.见到你非常高兴。 I’m very sad to hear the bad news.听到这个坏新闻，我非常难过。 4. 表示能力和意志的形容词，如 ready(乐意的，有准备的)，able(有能力的)，sure(一定)， certain(一定)等常接不定式。 例如，Lei Feng is always ready to help others.雷锋总是乐于助人。 He is sure to get to school on time.他一定会按时到校。 副词 副词（adverb，简写为 adv）是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、全句的词，说明时间、地点、 程度、方式等概念的词。副词是一种半虚半实的词。 A. 副词的分类： 方式副词：well，fast，slowly，carefully，quickly 程度副词：very，much，enough，almost，rather，quite 地点副词：here，there，out，somewhere，abroad，home， 时间副词：today，early，soon，now，then，recently，still 频度副词：always，often，usually，sometimes，seldom，never 否定副词：no，not，neither，nor， 疑问副词：where，how，why 其他：also，too，only B. 副词的基本用法：副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句话的词类，表示时 间、地点、程度、方式等概念。 例如，1.We should listen to our teachers carefully.我们应该认真听老师讲课。 2.He is very happy today.他今天非常高兴。 3.“What happened？”I asked，rather angrily.“发生什么事情了？”我相当生气地问。 4. In spring，I can see flowers everywhere.在春天，我到处都能看到花。 C. 常见副词用法辨析 1.already 与 yet 的区别 already 用于肯定句句中，表示“已经”;yet 用于否定句句末，表示“还”，用于疑问句句末， 表示“已经” 例如，He had already left when I called.当我给他打电话时，他已经离开了。 Have you found your ruler yet？你已经找到你的尺子了吗？ I haven’t finished my homework yet.我还没有完成作业。 注意：already 还可以表示惊奇，惊讶等语气，常用于疑问句句末 例如：Has your son gone to school already？你的儿子已经上学了吗？(表示很惊讶) 2．very，much 和 very much.的区别 very 用于修饰形容词或副词的原级；much 用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级；修饰动词 要用 very much. 例如，John is very honest.约翰非常诚实。 This garden is much bigger than that one.这个花园比那个大的多。 Thank you very much.非常感谢你 3．so 与 such 的区别 ⑴so 修饰形容词或副词;such 修饰名词， 例如，My brother runs so fast that I can’t follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上 他。 He is such a boy.他是一个这样的孩子。 ⑵so 修饰的形容词后可以有一个单数的可数名词，其结构是“so+形容词+a/an+可数名词 单数”. such 可以修饰可数名词单复数和不可数名词，名词前可以有形容词作定语，其结构是 “such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数”，“such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词”， .例如，He is so clever a boy.=He is such a clever boy.他是一个如此聪明的孩子。 It is such cold weather.这么冷的天气。(正) It is so cold weather.(误) They are such good students.他们是那么好的学生。(正) They are so good students. (误) ⑶如果可数名词复数前有 many，few 或不可数名词前有 much，little 修饰，用 so 不用 such. 例如，so many(如此多的)；so few(如此少的)可以加可数名词复数 so much(如此多的)；so little(如此少的)可以加不可数名词 4．also，too，as well 与 either 的区别 also，as well，too，用于肯定句，also 常用于 be 动词，情态动词，助动词之后，行为动 词之前；as well，too 用于句末；either 用于否定句中，置于句末。 例如，My father is a teacher. My mother is also a teacher. =My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher as well. =My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher，too.我爸爸是一名老师，我妈妈也是。 I can’t speak French.. Jenny can’t speak French，either.我不会说法语，詹妮也不会。 5．sometime，sometimes，some time 与 some times 的区别 sometime：某一时间，某一时刻，可指将来时，也可指过去时 sometimes：有时，不时的 some time：一段时间 some times：几次，几倍 .例如，We’ll have a test sometime next month.下个月的某一时间，我们要进行一次测试。 Sometimes we are busy and sometimes we are not.有时我们很忙，有时不忙。 He stayed in Beijing for some time last year.他去年在北京呆了一段时间。 I have been to Beijing some times.我去过北京好几次。 6．ago 与 before 的区别 ago 表示以现在为起点的“以前”，常与一般过去时连用，不可以单独使用。 before 指过去或将来的某时刻“以前”，也可泛指以前，常和完成时连用，可以单独使用。 例如，I saw him ten minutes ago.我十分钟之前看到的他。 He told me that he had seen the film before.他告诉我他以前看过这场电影。 7．now，just 与 just now 的区别 now：与一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时连用，意为“现在” just：与现在完成时、过去完成时连用，表示“刚……” just now：和过去时连用，表示“刚才” .例如，Where does he live now？他现在住哪里？ We have just seen the film.我们刚看过这场电影。 He was here just now.他刚才在这里。 A 组 2011 年全国高考题组 1. （2011 全国 II, 12）It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but it is ____ another to play it well yourself. A. quite B. very C. rather D. much 2. (2011 全国 II，17) Mr. Stevenson is great to work for—I really couldn’t ask for a _____ boss. A. better B. good C. best D. still better 3. (2011 天津，9) The young man couldn’t afford a new car _______, he bought a used one. A. Besides B. Otherwise C. Instead D. Still 4. （2011 福建，30）Nowadays, there is a increase in children’s creativity, for they are greatly encouraged to develop their talents. A. sharp B. slight C. natural D. modest 5. (2011 浙江，9) The professor could tell by the _______look in Maris's eyes that she didn’t understand a single word of his lecture A. cold B. blank C. innocent D. fresh 6. （2011 浙江，13）I've been writing this report ____for the last two weeks ,but it has to be handed it tomorrow. A. finally B. immediately C. occasionally D. certainly 7. （2011 浙江，16）My schedule is very _____right now ,but I'll try to fit you in A. tight B. short C. regular D. flexible 8. (2011 四川，12)—How are your recent trip to Sichuan? —I’ve never had one before. A. a pleasant B. a more pleasant C. a most pleasant D. the most pleasant 9. (2011 湖北，23) The old engineer’s eyes still shone bright in the wrinkled brown face and his step as he came across the room was________，though slow. A. shaky B. heavy C. casual D. steady 10. （2011 湖北，24）An unhappy childhood may have some negative effects on a person’s characters however, they are not always_________, A. practical B. avoidable C. permanent D. beneficial 11. （2011 湖北，25）The state-run company is required to make its accounts as_________ as possible for its staff to monitor the use of money. A. transparent B. reasonable C. securer D. format 12. （2011 江西，24）—The film is , I have to say, not a bit interesting. —Why? It’s ______ than the films I have ever seen. A. far more interesting B. much less interesting C. no more interesting D. any less interesting 13. (2011 江西，27) The house was too expensive and too big._______ . I’d grown fond of our little rented house. A. Besides B. Therefore C. Somehow D. Otherwise 14. (2011 江西，33) .She has tried her best. Please don’t be too ______ about her job. A. strict B. responsible C. unusual D. particular 15. (2011 江苏，25) In that school, English is compulsory for all students, but French and Russian are _________. A．special B．regional C．optional D．original 16. （2011 安徽，31）_____, I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end. A. Hopefully B. Normally C. Thankfully D. Conveniently 17. （2011 陕西，17）The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be ____ the present one. A. as three times big as B. three times as big as C. as big as three times D. as big three times as 25. 18. (2011 上 海 ， 29) When Mom looked back on the early days of their marriage, she wondered how they had managed with ______ money. A. so few B. such few C. so little D. such little B 组 2007-2010 年全国高考题组 1. （2010 全国 I，26）I have seldom seen my mother _____ pleased with my progress as she is now. A. so B. very C. too D. rather 2. (2010 全国 II，13) The land is _____ attractive in spring and autumn because of the pleasant weather in both seasons. A. partly B. merely C. nearly D. equally 3. (2010 全国 II，20) Mr. Black is very happy because the clothes made in this factory have never been _____. A. popular B. more popular C. most popular D. the most popular 4. （2010 天津，5）People have always been ______ about exactly how life on earth began. A. curious B. excited C. anxious D. careful 5. (2010 上海，26) It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park. It was _____journey. A. three hour B. a three-hours C. a three-hour D. three hours 6. (2010 上海，30) In ancient times, people rarely travelled long distance and most farmers only travelled ______ the local market. A. longer than B. more than C. as much as D. as far as 7. (2010 福建，23) — Volunteering is becoming _____ popular in China. — Yeah, people are now aware that helping others is helping themselves. A. naturally B. successfully C. splendidly D. increasingly 8. (2010 福建，32) Drunk driving, which was once a ______ occurrence, is now under control. A. general B. frequent C. normal D. particular 9. (2010 浙江，6) I have been convinced that the print media are usually more ____ and more reliable than television. A. accurate B. ridiculous C. urgent D. shallow 10. (2010 浙江，11) Do you think shopping online will ____ take the place of shopping in stores? A. especially B. frequently C. merely D. finally 11. (2010 浙江，19) Playing on a frozen sports field sounds like a lot of fun. Isn’t it rather risky, _____? A. though B. also C. either D. too 12. (2010 安徽，31) _______, she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile. A. Shy and cautious B. Sensitive and thoughtful C. Honest and confident D. Lighthearted and optimistic 13. (2010 江 西 ， 28) Computers and mobile phones, though they are indeed making our life _____and more____, have reduced the need for face-to-face communications. A. easily; efficient B. easier; efficient C. easy; efficient D. easily; efficiently 14. (2010 湖南，22) Father _____ goes to the gym with us although he dislikes go there. A. hardly B. seldom C. sometimes D. never 15. (2010 湖北，23) In this lecture, I can only give you a purely ______ view of how we can live life to the full and make some suggestions about the future. A. private C. personal C. unique D. different 16. (2010 湖北，24) Mistakes don’t just happen; they occur for a reason, and then making the mistakes becomes _______. A. favorable B. precious C. essential D. worthwhile 17. (2010 湖北，25) If I find someone who looks like the suspect, my _____ reaction will be to tell the police. A. physical B. immediate C. sensitive D. sudden 18. (2010 湖北，26) I wasn’t blaming anyone; I ______ said errors like this could be avoided. A. merely B. mostly C. rarely D. nearly 19. (2010 四川，12) The school was moved out of downtown as the number of students has grown too ______. A. small B. few C. large D. many 20. (2010 辽宁，27) We only had $100 and that’s _____ to buy a new computer. A. nowhere near enough B. near enough nowhere C. enough near nowhere D. near nowhere enough 21. (2009 全国 I，23) How much _____ she looked without her glasses! A. well B. good C. beat D. better 22. (2009 全国 II，11) I’m sure that your letter will get ____ attention. They know you are waiting for the reply. A. continued B. immediate C. careful D. general 23. (2009 天津，12) It was a nice house, but ______ too small for a family of five. A. rarely B. fairly C. rather D. pretty 24. (2009 天津，13) I’m not surprised that he became a writer. Even as a child he had a ____ imagination. A. clear B. cautious C. funny D. vivid 25. (2009 浙江，10) It took ______ building supplies to construct these energy-saving houses. It took brains, too. A. other than B. more than C. rather than D. less than 26. (2009 福建，30) It seems that living green is ______ easy and affordable. A small step makes a big difference. A. exactly B. fortunately C. surprisingly D. hardly 27. (2009 安徽，24) —Do you think it’s a good idea to make friends with your students? —_______, I do. I think it’s a great idea. A. Really B. Obviously C. Actually D. Generally 28. (2009 辽 宁 ， 25) Usually John would be late for meetings. But this time, ______ to my surprise, he arrived on time. A. little B. much C. ever D. even 29. (2009 江苏，27) Compared with his sister, Jerry is even more _____ to, and more easily troubled by, emotional and relationship problems. A. skeptical B. addicted C. available D. sensitive 30. (2009 湖南，24) I can _____ be a teacher. I’m not a very patient person. A. seldom B. ever C. never D. always 31. (2008 四川非延考区，15) A cough is usually nothing to worry about unless it lasts for ten days _______. A. or more B. instead C. at most D. only 32. (2008 湖北，29) As he works in a remote area, he visits his parents only ________. A. occasionally B. anxiously C. practically D. urgently 33. (2008 浙江，12) There are plenty of jobs _____ in the western part of the country. A. present B. available C. precious D. convenient 34. (2008 浙江，18) Running a company is not _____ a matter of hiring people— they also need to be trained. A. simply B. partly C. seriously D. equally 35. (2008 辽宁，30) It looks like the weather is changing for ______. Shall we stick to our plan? A. the worse B. worse C. the worst D. worst 36. (2007 全国 II，9) After two years’ research, we now have a _____ better understanding of the disease. A. very B. far C. fairly D. quite 37. (2007 天津，7) A new ______ bus service to Tianjin Airport started to operate two months ago. A. normal B. usual C. regular D. common 38. (2007 天津，14) The final score of the basketball match was 93: 94. We were only ____ beaten. A. nearly B. slightly C. narrowly D. lightly 39. (2007 浙江，6) Work gets done _____ when people do it together, and the rewards are higher, too. A. easily B. very easy C. more easily D. easier 40. (2007 湖北，28) He began to take the political science ____ only when he left school. A. strictly B. truly C. carefully D. seriously 答案： A 组 AACAB CABDC AAADC CBC B 组 1-10 ADBAC DDBAD 11-20 ADBCB DBACA 21-30 DBCDB CCBDC 31-40 AABAA BCCCD