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北京市东城区高考二模试题及答案文科
北京市东城区2011—2012学年度第二学期高三综合练习(二) 语 文2012.05 第一部分 (27分) 一、本大题共5小题,每小题3分,共15分。 1.下列词语中,字形和加点的字读音全都正确的一项是 A.抱不平 合盘托出 粗犷(kuànɡ) 既往不咎(jiù) B.羊羯子 计日程功 山岚(fēnɡ) 寅吃卯(mǎo)粮 C.座右铭 良莠不齐 打烊(yànɡ) 诘(jí)屈聱牙 D.蒸溜水 唉声叹气 洁癖(pǐ) 改弦(xuán)更张 2.下列句子中,加点的词语使用正确的一项是 A.A.社会福利是社会保障体系的重要组成部分,与城乡中孤、老、残、幼及精神病患者的利益休戚相关。 B.瓦尔德照顾病情加重、生活不能自理的霍金,还帮助他整理资料,打印论文,并抚育三个孩子,无所不为。 C.春的气息伴着清风扑面而来,催开了娇艳的花朵,唤醒了蛰伏一冬的昆虫,春意阑珊的美景让人陶醉。 D.一批逼真的文物仿制品出口到海外,被一些中国藏家以天价购买后又回流到中国,这真令人啼笑皆非。 3.下列句子中,没有语病的一句是 A.北京市绿化造林部门规划在潮白河、永定河、北运河、泃河、拒马河等五大干流河道及其主要支流河道两岸,建成林水相依的大森林景区。 B.为了更好地调动全体员工的工作积极性,公司管理层一定要做好考核员工的业绩,对于成绩突出的和无私奉献的要给予适当的物质奖励。 C.学会欣赏戏剧不易,能够创作一部优秀的戏剧作品更不易,小张对戏剧情有独钟,因此,他平时在这方面花了不少时间,做了很多努力。 D.领导干部如果不能带头读书学习,那么个人会由于能力不足遭到淘汰,单位的学习风气难以形成,工作也会因为思想贫乏难有起色。 4.下列有关文学常识的表述,有错误的一项是 A.《过秦论》是西汉贾谊政论散文的代表作,文章旨在分析秦朝迅速灭亡的原因,以此作为汉王朝建立制度、巩固统治的借鉴,论证严密,气势磅礴,雄辩有力。 B.李白的《梦游天姥吟留别》、杜甫的《茅屋为秋风所破歌》和白居易的《长恨歌》《琵琶行》都属于古体诗,这种诗体押韵自由,对仗、平仄不拘,字数、句数不限。 C.中国剧作家曹禺,擅长以现实主义的笔触挖掘人物的内心世界,展现紧张尖锐的戏剧冲突,其作品戏剧氛围浓重,语言富有诗意,代表作有《雷雨》《龙须沟》等。 D.《装在套子里的人》是俄国批判现实主义作家契诃夫的著名小说之一,作品的主人公别里科夫反对一切新生事物,扼杀自由与进步,是沙皇专制制度的维护者和受害者。 5.将下列语句依次填入横线处,衔接最恰当的一组是 ,这就是仇恨。有人狂热崇拜,也有人恶意辱骂。 ,或者不妨说它说明了人们的赞同—— 。谁戴桂冠谁就招打,这是一条规律,咒骂的低劣正衬出欢呼的高尚。 ①崇敬总是有它的对立面的 ②有利害矛盾产生的强烈冲突 ③崇拜正好表现了人们的心悦诚服 ④仇恨与辱骂正好表现人们的反对 ⑤后人视反对者的叫骂为一种赞美之辞 ⑥反对者的叫骂往往会被后人视为一种赞美之辞 A.①③⑤ B.②③⑥ C.②④⑤ D.①④⑥ 二、本大题共4小题,每小题3分,共12分。阅读下面的文言文,完成6—9题。 吴同初行状① 顾炎武② 里中二三十年来号为文人者,无不以浮名苟得为务,而余与同邑归生独喜为古文辞,砥行立节,落落不苟于世,人以为狂。已而又得吴生,吴生少余两人七岁,以贫客嘉定。而炎武有叔兰服,少两人二岁。姊子徐履忱少吴生九岁。五人各能饮三四斗。五月之朔,四人者持觥至余舍为母寿。退而饮,至夜半,抵掌而谈,乐甚,旦日别去。余遂出赴杨公之辟,未旬日而北兵③渡江,余从军于苏,归而昆山起义兵,归生与焉。寻亦竟得脱,而吴生死矣。其九月,余始过吴生之居而问焉,则其母方茕茕独坐,告余曰:“吴氏五世单传,未亡人惟一子一女。女被俘,子死矣!有孙,二岁,亦死矣!”余既痛吴生之交,又念四人者持觥以寿吾母,于是不知涕泪之横集也! 生名其沆,字同初。世本儒家,下笔数千言,试辄第一。每言及君父之际及交友然诺,则断然不渝。北京之变,作大行皇帝、大行皇后二诔④,见称于时。北兵至后,遗余书及记事一篇,又从余叔处得诗二首,皆激烈悲切,有古人之遗风。然后知闺情诸作,其寄兴之文,而生之可重者不在此也。 生居昆山,当抗敌时,守城不出以死,死者四万人,莫知尸处。以生平日爱国不忘君,义形于文若此,其死岂顾问哉?生事母孝,每夜归,必为母言所与往来者为谁,某某最厚。死后,炎武尝三过其居,无已,则遣仆夫视焉。母见之,未尝不涕泣,又几其子之不死而复还也。然生实死矣! (取材于《亭林诗文集》,有删改) 注:①行状:文体名,是记述死者生平行事的文章。 ②顾炎武:明清之际著名学者、诗人。曾参加明末抗清斗争。 ③北兵:清兵。 ④诔:lěi,祭文。 6.下列语句中,加点的词解释不正确的一项是 A.砥行立节 砥:磨练 B.五月之朔 朔:农历每月十五 C.余遂出赴杨公之辟 辟:征召 D.又几其子之不死而复还也 几:通“冀”,希望 7.下列各组语句中,加点的词意义和用法都相同的一组是 A. 而余与同邑归生独喜为古文辞 归生与焉 B. 四人者持觥至余舍为母寿 必为母言所与往来者为谁 C. 退而饮 归而昆山起义兵 D. 则其母方茕茕独坐 则断然不渝 8.下列语句的括号中是补出的词语,补出后不符合文意的一项是 A.落落不苟于世,人以(之)为狂 B.下笔数千言,(故)试辄第一 C.北京之变,(吴生)作大行皇帝、大行皇后二诔 D.炎武尝三过其居,(若)无已,则遣仆夫视焉 9.下列的理解和分析,不符合文意的一项是 A.开篇一句,把吴生与“浮名苟得”的一般文人区别开,说他好古文、砥行立节,是作者志同道合的朋友。 B.文章结尾写吴生事母至孝的天伦之情,写作者对亡友的诚笃情谊,对吴母的关心,彼情彼景跃然笔端。 C.文章介绍了吴生的家世、才学和忠孝思想,既全面地刻画了吴生的形象,又探寻了他忠义行为的原因。 D.这篇文章,作者时而放笔直抒,时而又点到为止,不论繁简,都具有传神达意、情深意浓的表达效果。 第二部分(123分) 三、本大题共4小题,共30分。 10.用斜线(/)给下面短文断句。(5分) 舜其大知也与舜好问以好察迩言隐恶而扬善执其两端用其中于民其斯以为舜乎! (取材于《中庸·审问》) 11.在横线处写出诗文原句(限选其中4道题)。(8分) ① ,言笑晏晏。 ,不思其反。(《诗经·氓》) ② ,不能十步;驽马十驾, 。(《荀子·劝学》) ③今臣亡国贱俘,至微至陋, ,宠命优渥, ,有所希冀。 (李密《陈情表》) ④斯是陋室, 。 ,草色入帘青。 (刘禹锡《陋室铭》) ⑤ ,在乎山水之间也。山水之乐, 。 (欧阳修《醉翁亭记》) ⑥地也,你不分好歹何为地!天也, !哎, 。 (关汉卿《窦娥冤》) 阅读下面这首诗,完成12、13题。 云居寺①高顶 王褒② 中峰云已合,绝顶日犹晴。 邑居随望近,风烟对眼生。 注:①云居寺:在北周都城长安附近的山上,一说此山是终南山。②王褒(513-576年):先后在南朝的梁和北朝的西魏、北周为官,才名极高。 12.(7分) ①下列对这首诗的赏析,不正确的一项是(3分) A.这首诗虽然只有二十个字,但是大阖大开,气魄雄伟,景象堪称壮丽。 B.诗人表现高山景观的特征,语言十分简省,却能带给读者强烈的感受。 C.本诗良好的艺术效果是通过绘声绘色、细致入微的静态描摹获得的。 D.这是一首五言绝句,前两句运用对偶的手法,给人工整匀称的美感。 ②前两句诗所写的景象和表达的心情有何变化?请结合诗句具体分析。(4分) 13.比较“邑居随望近,风烟对眼生”和“欲穷千里目,更上一层楼”在内容和写法上的不同。(不少于200字)(10分) 四、本大题共2小题,共8分。阅读下面的文章,回答14、15题。 密码不密 ①每天早晨登录网络的时候,你会感到互联网带来的便利好像都消失了。你先要输入用户名和密码来启动智能电话或电脑,然后用另一个密码打开电子邮箱。社交网站自然也需要密码。登录书店又要一个密码,用信用卡付账则需要另一个密码。有些人一个密码用遍天下,问题是,一旦某个站点被黑客入侵,那些坏蛋们就可以拿这个密码破坏你其他的账号。 ②据调查,有1%的用户使用“123456”作为账户密码,由于电脑的普及和网速的加快,黑客每分钟可破译数千个密码。要想拥有一个难以破解的强密码,安全专家建议使用含有10个字符以上的密码,其中应当包含大小写字母、数字还有符号。如果这样做的话,你应该可以安枕无忧地睡好觉了——这或许可持续19.24年。这正是黑客尝试10个字符的各种排列组合所需的时间。但是这么复杂的密码,连你自己都可能想不起来了。 ③计算机科学家察觉到,密码系统已遭破坏,他们正在寻找替代方案。取代密码的有效方式之一就是生物识别,一种可以识别独特体征(指纹、声音等)的系统。如果把生物识别系统放到手机里让用户控制的话,将来在公共电脑上浏览网页、访问社交网站、查询银行账户、在网站上买东西,就无需输入任何密码和信用卡信息。你起身离开时,甚至无需退出。一些网络犯罪分子即使坐在你用过的那台电脑前,也无法破解你的密码、访问你的账户,因为你的手机已经不在桌上了。 ④现在,美国商务部正在开发一套新的网络安全系统,专家们说这套系统会最终消灭密码迷宫,而且有望促进电子商务的发展。在这套系统中,你自己就是你的密码。这个密码效率要高得多,对它你也能掌控得更好。实施了这套名为“网络空间可信任身份国家战略”的新规则后,因担心安全或隐私问题而无法进行的活动,或许就可以转移至网上完成。不过在这些技术成熟之前,加拿大渥太华卡尔顿大学计算机科学教授保罗·奥斯凯特对密码持怀疑态度。他相信任何密码系统都将遭到破解,由于担心遭到黑客的攻击,他甚至不开设任何网上银行账户。 (取材于《世界博览》2011年第15期,有删改) 14.根据原文内容,下面推断不正确的一项是(3分) A.生物识别系统并不是唯一可以取代密码系统的有效方式。 B.将来人们可能只凭着自己的声音就能够安全地登录系统。 C.密码系统被新规则取代后,将开启电子商务系统的新时代。 D.新的网络安全系统实施后,保罗教授将开设网上银行账户。 15.作者为什么说“密码不密”?请根据文意,分条说明原因。(5分) 五、本大题共4小题,共25分。阅读下面的小说,回答16-19题。 阑尾 ①我的父亲以前是一名外科医生,他体格强壮,说起话来声音洪亮,经常在手术台前一站就是十多个小时,就是这样,他下了手术台以后脸上仍然没有丝毫倦意,走回家时脚步咚咚咚咚,响亮而有力。我父亲有两个儿子,相差两岁,一个是我哥哥,另一个就是我。 ②在我八岁的时候,有一天,精力充沛的外科医生在连年累月的繁忙里,偶尔得到了一个休息之日,就带着两个儿子走了五里路,去海边玩了近三个小时。回来时他肩膀上骑着一个,怀里还抱着一个,又走了五里路。吃过晚饭以后天就黑了,他就和自己的妻子,还有两个孩子,坐在屋门前的一棵梧桐树下,那时候月光照射过来,把树叶斑斑驳驳地投在我们身上,还有凉风,凉风在习习吹来。 ③外科医生躺在一张临时搭出来的竹床上,告诉我们说每个人肚子里都有一条阑尾,他每天最少也要割掉二十条。阑尾其实一点用都没有,可是这阑尾要是发炎了,肚子就会越来越疼,如果阑尾穿孔,引起腹膜炎,就会要人的命。我吸了一口冷气,父亲看到了我的害怕,伸手过来拍了一下我的脑袋,说:“其实割阑尾是小手术,只要它不穿孔就没有危险……有一个英国的外科医生……” 他说那个英国的外科医生有一天来到了一个小岛,这个小岛上没有一家医院,也没有一个医生,可是他的阑尾发炎了,再不动手术就会穿孔了。他只好让两个当地人抬着一面大镜子,他就对着镜子里的自己,给自己动手术。 ④这个了不起的故事让我们听得目瞪口呆,我们激动地望着自己的父亲,问他是不是也能自己给自己动手术,像那个英国医生一样。我们的父亲说:“这要看是在什么情况下,如果我也在那个小岛上,阑尾也发炎了,为了救自己的命,我就会给自己动手术。”父亲的回答使我们热血沸腾,我们一向认为自己的父亲是最强壮的,最了不起的,他的回答进一步巩固了我们的这个认为,同时也使我们有足够的自信去向别的孩子吹嘘:“我们的父亲自己给自己动手术……”我哥哥指着我,补充道:“我们两个人抬一面大镜子……” ⑤就这样过了两个多月,我们父亲的阑尾突然发炎了。他像一只虾那样弯着身体,龇牙咧嘴地让我们去医院找医生来。一想到父亲的阑尾正在发炎,我心里突突地跳,心想父亲的阑尾总算是发炎了。我们的父亲可以自己给自己动手术了,我和我哥哥就可以抬着一面大镜子了。 ⑥走到胡同口,我哥哥站住脚,对我说:“你想不想让爸爸自己给自己动手术?”我说:“我太想了。”我哥哥说:“所以不能找医生,我们到手术室去偷一个手术包出来。大镜子,家里就有……”我高兴地叫了起来:“这样就能让爸爸自己给自己动手术啦。” ⑦于是,我哥哥去爸爸的医院偷出了一个手术包,然后我们回到了家里,打开手术包,把我们母亲每天都要照上一会儿的大镜子抬了过来,兴奋地对父亲说:“爸爸,你快一点。你快自己给自己动手术。” ⑧父亲向我们瞪圆了眼睛,骂了一声“畜生”,一巴掌打在我哥哥的脸上。 ⑨后来,我们的父亲哭了,他流着眼泪,断断续续地对我们说:“好儿子,快去……快去叫……妈妈,叫妈妈来……”我们希望父亲像个英雄那样给自己动手术,可他却哭了。哥哥和我看了一会儿父亲,然后就跑出门去……这一次我们没有自作主张,我们把母亲叫回了家。 ⑩我们的父亲被送进手术室时,阑尾已经穿孔了,他的肚子里全是脓水,得了腹膜炎,在医院的病床上躺了一个多月,又在家里休养了一个月,才重新成为了医生。可是他再也做不成外科医生了,因为他失去了过去的强壮,只能做一个内科医生了。他每天坐在桌子旁,不急不慢地和病人说着话,开一些天天都开的处方,下班的时候,手里拿一块酒精棉球,边擦着手边慢吞吞地走着回家。到了晚上睡觉的时候,我们经常听到他埋怨我们的母亲:“说起来你给我生了两个儿子,其实你是生了两条阑尾,平日里一点用都没有,到了紧要关头害得我差点丢了命。” (取材于余华的同名小说,有删改) 16.下面对小说内容的理解和鉴赏,不正确的两项是(4分) A.小说的核心事件,一个是英国外科医生救了自己一命,另一个是两个孩子延误父亲的病情差点送了父亲的命。 B.第①段从不同角度表现父亲体格的强壮,与下文父亲生病之后虚弱的状态形成鲜明对比,使人生出很多感慨。 C.第②段描写月光朗朗、凉风习习,一家四口人围坐在梧桐树下聊天,画面平静优美,家庭氛围和谐亲密。 D.父亲经常埋怨孩子们的母亲给自己生了两条阑尾,这分明是在调侃和打趣,体现了父亲对两个儿子深深的爱。 E.这篇小说语言朴素,生动形象,给人以身临其境之感,整篇小说前后勾连,环环相扣,一气呵成,耐人寻味。 17.简要分析下列加点词语在文中的含义和作用。(4分) ①一想到父亲的阑尾正在发炎,我心里突突地跳,心想父亲的阑尾总算是发炎了。 ②可是他再也做不成外科医生了,因为他失去了过去的强壮,只能做一个内科医生了。 18.作者对父亲这个人物是什么态度?请结合小说内容简要分析。(7分) 19.如何评价两个儿子让父亲“自己给自己做阑尾手术”这件事?请结合小说内容和生活体验谈谈自己的看法。(不少于200字)(10分) 六、本大题共1小题,共60分。 20.阅读下面材料,按照要求作文。(60分) 日前,一组题为“杜甫很忙”的图片在网络上广为流传。杜甫被“穿越”到现代:骑摩托、逛超市、打篮球、卖西瓜……随后有媒体曝光称,这不过是某博物馆的一场营销活动。主办方实际上只策划了三张图片,其他都是网友的作品。有不少网友感觉被欺骗了,也有人认为恶搞杜甫是对文化的不尊重。 根据以上材料,请以“我看 ”为题,写一篇文章。 要求:①先将题目补充完整,并写在答题卡上,然后作文。 ②自选角度,联系实际。 ③除诗歌外,文体不限。 ④不少于800字。 北京市东城区2011—2012学年度第二学期高三综合练习(二)语文2012.05 参考答案 一、本大题共5小题,每小题3分,共15分。 1.C(A项,和盘托出 粗犷ɡuǎnɡ B项,羊蝎子 山岚lán D项,蒸馏水 改弦xián更张) 2.D(啼笑皆非:哭也不是,笑也不是,形容既令人难受,又令人发笑。 A项,休戚相关:彼此间福祸互相关联。 B项,无所不为:没有什么不干的,指什么坏事都干。 C项,春意阑珊:指春天就要过去了。阑珊:将尽,将衰。) 3.A(B项,成分残缺。 C项,表意不明。 D项,不合逻辑) 4.B(《龙须沟》是老舍的作品) 5.D 二、本大题共4小题,每小题3分,共12分。 6.B (朔:农历每月初一) 7. C (均为连词,表顺承关系。A项,连词,和;动词,参加。 B 项,语气词,用在句中,表停顿;代词,……的人。 D项,连词,竟然;就) 8. B (不是因果关系) 9. A (不是“吴生”,应是“归生”) 三、本大题共4小题,共30分。 10. (5分) 舜其大知也与/舜好问以好察迩言/隐恶而扬善/执其两端/用其中于民/其斯以为舜乎! (答对1处得1分) 11.(4分) ①总角之晏 信誓旦旦 ②骐骥一跃 功在不舍 ③过蒙拔擢 岂敢盘桓 ④惟吾德馨 苔痕上阶绿 ⑤醉翁之意不在酒 得之心而寓之酒也 ⑥你错勘贤愚枉做天 只落得两泪涟涟 (一句1分,句中有错,该句不得分) 12.(7分) ①(3分)C(不是绘声绘色、细致入微的静观描摹,而是写出了登山过程中的实际感受) ②(4分) 【参考答案】前两句所写的景象由攀登到山腰时的云雾四合写到登上顶峰时的云开天晴,心情由塞到开。 【结合诗句】略 13.(10分) 【参考答案】略 (内容比较,5分;写法比较,3分;语言表达,2分) 四、本大题共2小题,共8分。 14.(3分)D 15.(5分)【答案要点】①不同账户使用多个密码不方便。 ②多个账户使用同一密码不安全。 ③过于简单的密码容易被破解。 ④难以破解的强密码不容易记忆。 (一点1分,答对4点得满分) 五、本大题共4小题,共25分。 16.(4分)AD 17.(4分) ①(2分)总算:表示“我”经过长时间的等待,让父亲得阑尾炎的愿望终于实现,突出“我”对父亲自己给自己做手术的迫切盼望。 ②(2分)只能:强调父亲的身体已经虚弱得无法胜任以前的工作,体现孩子对父亲的愧疚之情。 18.(7分) 【可供选择的态度】(3分)①肯定。②同情。③善意的嘲讽。 (其他答案,言之成理亦可得分) 【结合小说内容】(4分)略 19.(10分) 【可供选择的角度】(2分)①童真。②玩笑。③父子之爱。 (其他答案,言之成理亦可得分) 【结合小说内容】(3分) 【结合个人体验】(3分) 【语言表达】(2分) 六、本大题共1小题,共60分。 20.(60分) 参考2011年高考作文评分标准。 附:文言文参考译文: 家乡二三十年来号称文人的,没有不把(追求)浮名和苟且(谋求)所得作为事业的,而我和同县归生只喜欢写古文辞赋,磨练行为,树立志节,孤傲不苟同于世上一般之人,世人认为(我们)狂妄。(我)不久又结识了吴生,吴生比我们两人小七岁,因为穷困客居(在)嘉定。我有(个)叔叔(叫)顾兰服,比我和归生小两岁。姐姐的儿子徐履忱比吴生小九岁。五个人各能饮三四斗酒。五月初一,四个人到我家端着酒杯为我母亲祝寿。退出来后(我们)饮酒,到半夜,击掌聊天,非常高兴,第二天告别离开。我于是离家赴杨公的征召,不到十天清兵南下,我到苏州从军,回来后(参加了)昆山的抗清军队,归生(也)参加了。不久(起义失败,我)也终于得以脱身,可是吴生战死了。那年九月,我才探望吴生的家并慰问他的家人,竟然(只有)他的母亲正孤独无依地坐着,(他的母亲)告诉我说:“吴家五代单传,我只有一儿一女。女儿被掳去,儿子死了!有 (一个)孙子,(只有)两岁,也死了!”我既为吴生的遭遇悲痛,又想起(他们)四人端着酒杯来为我母亲祝寿,于是不知不觉泪流满面。 吴生名其沆,字同初,世代原本是读书人家,文思敏捷,倚马可待,考试总是第一。每次说到忠孝和与朋友交往守信用的时候,就(表现出)果断而不改变(的样子),北京(发生)变故(的时候),(他)写了两篇祭祀已故皇帝、皇后的文章,在当时被称赞。清兵到了之后,(他)送我书信和一篇记事文,我又从叔叔处得到(他的)两首诗,(这些诗文内容)都激烈悲切,有古人的遗风。这之后(才)知道(他)描写思妇情感的作品,是他寄托兴致的文字,然而(那些)生命中可以被敬重的内容不在这些作品之中啊。 吴生住在昆山,在抗击敌人时,坚守城池(拒敌)不出,(城陷,)因而战死,战死的将士达四万人,没有人知道他尸首所在的地方。因为(吴生)平生爱国不忘 君王,(他的)忠义如此显露在文章中,他牺牲难道(会)有顾惜吗?(他)活着侍奉母亲(很)孝顺,每次夜里回家,一定跟母亲说与(他)往来的人是谁,谁谁最厚道。(他)死后,我曾多次探望他家,(如果)不得已时,就派仆人探望她。(他)母亲看见我,每次都(会)哭泣,又希望她的儿子没有死又回来了。然而吴生确实死了! 断句参考译文: 舜大概是一个极其明智的人了!舜喜欢向人问问题,又善于分析(别人)浅近话语里的含义。隐藏人家的坏处,宣扬人家的好处。他能把握事物(过与不及)的两端,采纳适中的用于老百姓。这就是舜之所以为舜的地方吧! 北京市东城区2011—2012学年度第二学期高三综合练习(二) 英语 2012.5 本试卷共150分,考试时间120分钟。考试结束后,考生务必将答题卡交回。 注意事项: 1. 考生务必将答案答在答题卡上, 在试卷上作答无效。 2. 答题前考生务必将答题卡上的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔填写。 3. 答题卡选择题必须用2B铅笔作答, 将选中项涂满涂黑, 黑度以盖住框内字母为准, 修改时用橡皮擦除干净。 4. 答题卡非选择题必须用黑色字迹的签字笔按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答, 未在对应的答题区域内作答或超出答题区域作答均不得分。 第一部分:听力理解(共三节,30分) 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,共7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一道小题,从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话你将听一遍。 例:What is the man going to read? A.A newspaper. B.A magazine. C.A book. 答案是A。 1. What is the weather like now? A. Cloudy. B. Sunny. C. Rainy. 2. When are the two speakers going to meet? A. 2:30. B. 3:15. C. 3:30. 3. Where are the speakers now? A. At a friend’s house. B. At a garage. C. At the station. 4. What is the possible relationship between the two speakers? A. Husband and wife. B. Assistant and customer. C. Boss and secretary. 5. What is the man doing? A. Offering help. B. Demanding an apology. C. Making a complaint. 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分) 听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题,从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后,每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。 听第6段材料,回答第6至7题。 6. What color is the bag? A. Black. B. Yellow. C. Green. 7. Which one is the woman’s bag? A. B. C. 听第7段材料,回答第8至9题。 8. What are the family going to do? A. Drink coffee. B. Watch a match. C. Buy a bike. 9. How are the couple going to meet their son? A. On foot. B. By car. C. By bike. 听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。 10. Why is the woman complaining? A. There is no hot water. B. The room is too cold. C. The handle is broken. 11. What does the man advise the woman to do? A. To have breakfast first. B. To change the handle. C. To shower later. 12. How does the woman feel? A. Annoyed. B. Awkward. C. Ashamed. 听第9段材料,回答第13至15题。 13. What’s the man? A. A writer. B. A journalist. C. A traveler. 14. What is the man doing? A. Introducing Astoria. B. Travelling in Astoria. C. Writing about Astoria. 15. What can we learn from the passage? A. Astoria is smaller than New Zealand. B. The shape of Astoria is thin and long. C. It is warm in Astoria on the whole. 第三节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,共7.5分) 听下面一段对话,完成第16题至20题,每小题仅填写一个词。听对话前,你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题,听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间。这段对话你将听两遍。 Tele Notes for a Job Interview Name of the Applicant Penny 16 Education Background graduating from the University of 17 Anglia Working Experience l five months in 18 Restaurant l three months in Jade Travel Agency Job Expected an air stewardess Time of the Interview 2:30 on 19 afternoon Place of the Interview on the 20 floor of the ABB Building , Oxford Street 第二部分:知识运用(共两节,45分) 第一节 单项填空(共15小题,每小题1分,共15分) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 例:It’s so nice to hear from her again. , we last met more than thirty years ago. A.What’s more B.That’s to say C.In other words D.Believe it or not 答案是D。 21. The boy is excited about the coming music festival and he enjoys pop music ______. A. less B. little C. most D. more 22. Before moving to Australia, the Browns______ their cars and house in the USA. A. have sold B. sold C. were selling D. sell 23. ─ Has your brother found a job? ─ Not yet. There are many jobs that he _____ do but he seems unwilling to do anything. A. shall B. could C. must D. should 24. After a long absence, I went back to college, ______ to pick up where I’d left off. A. hoping B. hope C. to hope D. hoped 25. Peter will have to change his travel plan because his flight _____. A. delays B. would delay C. has been delayed D. was delayed 26. You have a gift for art. ______ you do your best, you are sure to create fine art works. A. As soon as B. Even if C. In case D. As long as 27. She looked ______ her handbag, but her keys were not there. A. for B. to C. at D. in 28. I wish that I _____ to go to Jim’s party, for I have to do some extra work tonight. A. hadn’t agreed B. haven’t agreed C. wouldn’t agree D. won’t agree 29. If your call is not answered within two minutes, you______ to hang up and dial again. A. would be advised B. are advised C. have been advised D. were advised 30. Don’t have the water _____ while you brush your teeth. A. running B. run C. to run D. ran 31. I have sent several e-mails to the company for the advertised job, none of _____ has been answered. A. whom B. that C. which D. whose 32. Johnson is a new graduate. He has difficulty in dealing with ______ problems arise. A. wherever B. whichever C. whatever D. whenever 33. We saw ______ audience clapping their hands when ______ popular singer appeared on the stage. A. the; the B. the; 不填 C. an; a D. 不填; the 34. ______ the young man is in great need of a computer in his work is known to his boss. A. What B. That C. How D. When 35. Not until I completed the form______ that half the questions were not relevant to me. A. had I realized B. I had realized C. I realized D. did I realize 第二节 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,共30分) 阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 One Monday morning, the class were excited about the rumor that the science room was on fire over the weekend. Mr. Johnson, my fifth grade teacher ___36___ it and explained that science class would be cancelled due to the ___37___. He also warned us not to go near the room ___38___ it could be dangerous. During the morning break, Kim and I ___39___ to check out the damage. A first hand observation would make us heroes at lunch. We safely ___40__ the science room. We stood on tiptoes(脚尖) looking hard through the door window,___41___ to see what was like inside when suddenly a firm hold on our shoulders stopped us. “Where do you belong? Certainly not here!” I turned around to find a teacher staring ___42___ at us, shouting. In those frozen seconds millions of ___43___flashed through my mind. My father would kill me for disobeying teachers. ___44___ than that, my mother might be so mad that she might not stop him. My spirits ___45___ even lower when I thought of how angry Mr. Johnson would be. Soon the arresting teacher led Kim and me back to the ___46___, leaving us trembling before Mr. Johnson . But to our ___47___, there was no yelling and no anger from Mr. Johnson. ___48___, he bent slowly to look me in the eye. I was met with a look of ___49___ rather than anger. He spoke softly and carefully as he explained why he was ___50___ in my decision to go where I might have got ___51___. As I looked into the eyes of the man who could send me to unimagined consequences at home, tears ___52___ up in my eyes. The thought of disappointing Mr. Johnson ___53___ me while I felt a gentle touch of Mr. Johnson’s hand on my shoulder. I glanced up and he smiled. My ___54___ for Mr. Johnson grew greatly in the moment I discovered that he still liked me even after I’d disappointed him. I could see that he cared more about my ___55___ than the fact that I’d broken a rule. It was the first time I felt the power of forgiveness. 36. A. heard B. believed C. confirmed D. studied 37. A. fire B. rumor C. focus D. loss 38. A. unless B. because C. though D. once 39. A pretended B. asked C. decided D. hesitated 40. A. entered B. found C. examined D. reached 41. A. hanging B. trying C. happening D. waiting 42. A. angrily B. patiently C. silently D. curiously 43. A. excuses B. thoughts C. words D. feelings 44. A. Easier B. Less C. Later D. Worse 45. A. flew B. sank C. changed D. moved 46. A. school B. lab C. office D. classroom 47. A. surprise B. delight C. regret D. sorrow 48. A. However B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. Instead 49. A. concern B. guilt C. comfort D. complaint 50. A. frightened B. puzzled C. discouraged D. disappointed 51. A. hurt B. burnt C. lost D. blamed 52. A. flooded B. rushed C. welled D. rounded 53. A. shocked B. shamed C. bored D. confused 54. A. care B. hope C. desire D. love 55. A. safety B. freedom C. dignity D. behaviour 第三部分:阅读理解(共两节,40分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,共30分) 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A I recently had dinner with someone who told me that one of his best friends had been killed in a private plane crash, and something happened at the memorial service that he’ll never forget. He shared the story with me. At the memorial service, his friend’s wife walked to the platform to speak to the gathering. She said a friend had asked her the best memory she had of their life together. At the moment, she had been too sad to answer, but she had thought about it since and wanted to answer the question. They were in their late forties when he died, and she began talking about a time in their life almost twenty years earlier. She had quit her job to obtain her master’s degree, and her husband never hesitated in his support. He held down his own job and also did the cooking, cleaning, and other housework while she studied for her degree. One time they both stayed up all night. She was finishing her paper, and he was preparing for an important business meeting. That morning, she walked out of her study, leaned against the door by the stairs, looked at her husband downstairs and just thought about how much she loved him. She knew how important this meeting was to his future, and she was feeling guilty that she didn’t even have time to make his breakfast. He took his briefcase and hurried out. She heard the garage door open and close, but much to her surprise, she heard it open again about thirty seconds later. From above, she watched her husband dash into the house and walk over to the forgotten coffee table. Marking the surface of it with his finger through the dust with the words “I love you”, then he raced back to his car. The new widow then looked out at her audience and said, “John and I had a wonderful life together. We have been around the world several times. We’ve had everything money can buy...but nothing comes close to that moment.” Hearing this, I was deeply moved. “Love makes life worthwhile.” 56. The service was held to ______. A. listen to the woman’s story B. mourn the woman’s husband C. meet some old friends D. share the woman’s sadness 57. Why did the woman quit her job? A. She had to support her husband. B. She had too much housework to do. C. She wanted to travel around the world. D. She needed to concentrate on her studies. 58. “He held down his own job…” in Paragraph 4 means that ______. A. he managed to keep his job B. he needed help in his work C. he cancelled his job D. he delayed his work 59. The woman mentioned an incident 20 years ago to show______. A. how busy their life was B. how her husband loved her C. how they improved their life D. how hard her husband worked B Dear Volunteers, The service you will provide to elderly individuals in Abilene as a Meals on Wheels volunteer is deeply appreciated. I want to take this opportunity to thank you for the many miles you will travel and all of the hours you will contribute to help make this one of the best programs in the entire state. We have our staff members make a home visit before adding each person to the program and try to visit everyone at least once every year. That is hardly enough, and we depend on your contact a great deal! It is important that you report back when you do not get an answer to your knock on the door. The person inside may be hurt or ill. They may be in hospital or out of town and fail to inform us. If they are frequently absent, we may need to determine if they still need meals. If you find someone with a medical emergency, please call 911 to request medical assistance, and then call the Meals on Wheels office. If you find someone who needs assistance other than for a medical emergency, please call the Meals on Wheels office at 6725050, and we will try to find the appropriate agency or individual to call. Let us know when a certain person needs extra food. We have a food preparation room of shelf stable items to share with them. Please feel free to take a few magazines when you deliver meals. Many of those we serve cannot afford magazines and enjoy reading. If someone is interested in getting books from the Abilene Public Library, let us know. We can sign them up for the Books on Wheels program. Call if you smell gas strongly when you deliver meals, or if someone needs a space heater, a blanket, or an electric fan. Please convey all needs to us, and we will try to see that they are met. Some of the elderly people who we offer our service may have cancers, liver diseases, AIDS, etc. If you do not want to deliver meals to the people with certain types of health problems, such as these, please let us know. Sincerely, Betty L. Bradley, LBSW, Executive Director 60. Why does the author write this letter? A. To express great thanks to volunteers. B. To explain how the old people get help. C. To tell volunteers what they are tasked with. D. To describe the life situation of the old people. 61. What can we learn about the volunteers from the passage? A. They order books for needy people. B. They design programs to help people. C. They offer medical help to sick people. D. They deliver food to the elderly people. 62. How does the author learn about the needs of the people served? A. The volunteers report back the information to him. B. His staff members call them to get the information. C. He visits them now and then to get the information. D. The family members send the information to his office. C When it comes to success in business and success in life, there are few qualities as important as confidence. People naturally have different levels of confidence. Some have a higher level of confidence than others do, but even those whose confidence is lacking can learn to build their level of confidence and reach their most important goals. Increasing self confidence is one of the most common reasons people give for seeking the help of psychologists and other professionals. One of the many places where a greater level of confidence is useful is in the workplace. We all know how difficult it can be, for instance, to ask the boss for a raise. This process can be extremely difficult for those who lack confidence in their own abilities. After all, if you are unsure about your own abilities, how will you ever convince your boss that you deserve more money for the work you do? Even if you are not asking for that big raise, having plenty of confidence in your abilities is important to success. If you are certain of your abilities, chances are that those around you, whether they are your coworkers, your colleagues or your superiors, will see that confidence, and that will help to assure them that you are the best at what you do. Being thought of as the person to go to, and being seen as an expert in your chosen field, is naturally very important to success on the job. If you can make yourself the person people go to for guidance and advice, you will help to protect yourself from the ever present danger of downsizing. After all, if you are a recognized expert at the office, you will be regarded as an indispensable member of the team. Having a high level of confidence, after all, does not mean overlooking the places where you could improve. Knowing what you do well and where you need help will help you enjoy increased success and confidence. 63. What is the passage mainly about? A. The influence of confidence on one’s life. B. The importance of confidence to success. C. The difference of people’s confidence. D. The judgment on one’s confidence. 64. Psychologists and other professionals can offer help to those _____. A. who think their goals are hard to reach B. who expect to give guidance to others C. who want to ask the boss for a raise D. who dream to be recognized experts 65. What does the underlined word indispensable in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A. important B. attractive C. outgoing D. energetic 66. What message does the author want to convey in the last paragraph? A. To overlook one’s disadvantages. B. To make full use of one’s advantages. C. To have great confidence in one’s abilities. D. To make objective evaluations of one’s abilities. D On March 28th, the New York Times will begin charging all but the most infrequent users to read articles online. In a letter to readers, Arthur Sulzberger, Jr., the publisher of the paper, laid out the details of the paywall, which he said will go into effect immediately in Canada and on March 28th for the rest of the world. He called the move “an important step that we hope you will see as an investment in The Times, one that will strengthen our ability to provide high-quality journalism to readers around the world and on any platform.” Sulzberger said that readers will be able to read 20 articles per month at no charge. Once they click on the 21st piece, however, they’ll be presented with three payment options: $15 for four weeks of online and mobile application access, $20 for access to the site and the iPad application, or $35 for access to everything. People who already receive the printed paper through home delivery will enjoy free and unlimited access to the Times on all platforms. These details largely agree with earlier reports on how the paywall would work. The Times had made it clear that it did not want to imitate the total paywalls put into effect by papers such as The Times of London and Newsday, which block access to all contents unless the reader pays. The paper also signaled that it wants to stay relevant in the social media world. According to Sulzberger’s announcement, people who come to the Times site from Facebook, Twitter or from blogs will be able to read those articles even if they have gone over their monthly limit. However, Sulzberger said that a limit will be placed on “some search engines”, meaning that after readers have accessed a certain number of articles from search engines, any further articles they access from there will be added to their monthly count. It was reported that the only search engine that will be affected this way is Google, where there will be a five-article limit. This marks a clear attempt by the Times to close what could be a giant loophole(漏洞), since so much online traffic is directed through Google. But it also presents a risk for the paper for the same reason. Sulzberger seems well aware of the risk. “The challenge now is to put a price on our work without walling ourselves off from the global network,” he said, adding that the Times must “continue to engage with the widest possible audience.” 67. The author’s main purpose in the text is to _____. A. describe research findings B. make advertisements C. report a piece of news D. suggest a solution 68. Why will the Times charge their online readers? A. It needs a way to offer better service to its readers. B. It wants to stay relevant in the social media world. C. It has too many readers coming from the other sites. D. It is seeking new financial sources for its development. 69. Who will be limited to the New York Times articles? A. Those subscribing to the printed newspapers. B. Readers clicking through from Facebook. C. Those using Google research engine. D. Readers paying $35 a month. 70. What challenge may the paywall bring to the New York Times? A. It may bring the Times more competition with the other media. B. It may stop the Times connecting to the global network. C. It may result in huge drops in papers’ online readership. D. It may block the readers from the other websites. 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,共10分) 根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项 为多余选项。 A study showed eating even a little less salt could greatly help the heart. The study was published in the New England Journal of Medicine. The scientists used a computer model to predict how just three grams less salt a day would affect heart disease in the United States. The scientists said the results would be thirteen percent fewer heart attacks, eight percent fewer strokes(中风), four percent fewer deaths and eleven percent fewer new cases of heart disease. ___71__ Researchers said it could prevent one hundred thousand heart attacks and ninety-two thousand deaths every year. The researchers were from the University of California, San Francisco, Stanford University and Columbia University. They and public health professionals in the United States are interested in a national campaign to persuade people to eat less salt. ___72___. However, some scientists say such a campaign is an experiment with the health of millions of people. Michael Alderman is among the critics(批评家). He is a high blood pressure expert and professor at Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York. Doctor Alderman says that eating less salt results in lower blood pressure. ___73___. And he says salt has other biological effects. He says calling for reductions in the national diet could have good effects, but it could also have harmful results. Another critic is David McCarron, a nutrition and kidney(肾) disease expert at the University of California. He and his team looked at large studies of diets in thirty-three countries. ___74___. Most of them eat more salt than American health officials advise. Doctor McCarron says the worldwide similarity suggests that a person’s brain might decide how much salt to eat. Both Doctor McCarron and Doctor Alderman have connections to the Salt Institute, a trade group for the salt industry. Doctor Alderman is a member of an advisory committee. ___75__ Doctor McCarron is paid for offering scientific advice to the Salt Institute. A. But he says he receives no money from the group. B. Such campaigns are already in place in Britain, Japan and Finland. C. And two hundred forty billion dollars would be saved in health care. D. They say people eating less salt have equal chances to have diseases. E. And it may also result in fifteen percent increase of the kidney death rate. F. They found that most people around the world eat about the same amount of salt. G. But he says studies have not clearly shown that lowering salt means fewer heart attacks or strokes. 第四部分:书面表达(共两节,35分) 第一节 情景作文(20分) 假设你是阳光国际中学的学生会主席李华,为了增进学生之间交流,学生会决定在网络上建立中外学生英文交流论坛,请你根据下面所给的要点提示介绍此论坛。 注意: 词数不少于60。 目的 提供交流平台 内容 要点 细节 加强交流 结识朋友…… 提供帮助 学习、生活….. 献计献策 学校发展、校园生活….. (请将情景作文写在答题纸指定区域内) Students’ Union has decided to set up Study BBS of our own. _____________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 第二节 开放作文(15分) 请根据下面提示,写一篇短文。词数不少于50。 In your spoken English class, your teacher shows you the following picture. You are asked to describe the picture and explain how you understand it. (请将开放作文写在答题纸指定区域内) 东城区2011—2012学年度第二学期高三统一练习(二) 英语试题参考答案及评分标准 2012.5 第一部分:听力(共三节,30分) 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,共7.5分) 1.B 2.C 3. B 4. A 5.C 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分) 6.C 7.A 8.B 9. B 10.A 11.C 12.A 13. B 14.A 15.C 第三节(共5小题;每题1.5分,共7.5分) 每小题1.5分。如出现拼写错误不计分;出现大小写、单复数错误扣0.5分;如每小题 超过一个词不计分。 16.Maggie 17.East 18.Holiday 19.Friday 20.sixth/6th 第二部分:知识运用(共两节,45分) 第一节 单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分,共15分) 21.C 22.B 23.B 24.A 25.C 26. D 27.D 28.A 29.B 30.A 31. C 32.C 33. A 34. B 35.D 第二节 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,共30分) 36.C 37.A 38.B 39.C 40. D 41.B 42.A 43.B 44.C 45.B 46.D 47.A 48.D 49.C 50.D 51.A 52.C 53.B 54.D 55.A 第三部分:阅读(共两节,40分) 第一节 (共15小题;每小题2分, 共30分) 56.B 57. D 58.A 59.B 60.C 61.D 62.A 63.B 64. A 65.A 66.D 67.C 68. D 69.C 70.C 第二节 (共5小题;每小题2分, 共10分) 71.C 72.B 73.G 74.F 75.A 第四部分:书面表达(共两节,35分) 第一节 情景作文(20分) 20090509 One possible version: Students’ Union has decided to set up our own BBS. All of us will benefit a lot from it. It offers us chances to communicate with each other. We can exchange our learning and life experiences on it. We can share different cultures as well. What’s more, it is a good place for us to make good friends. A life without a friend is a life without sunshine. Anyone who has difficulties with their study and daily life can ask for help on it. If you have any good suggestions to offer, you can lend a helping hand. Good advice on how to enrich our school life and how to develop our school is also welcome. Wish you to join in and fully express your ideas. 第二节 开放作文(15分) 20090509 One possible version: 开放写作 As can be seen in the picture, a boy is rowing a boat trapped in a bottle floating on the surface of the sea. It seems that he won’t row his boat any further though he is making great efforts. The picture intends to convey the message that we shouldn’t be webbed to our own ideas when we are trying to reach our goals. In our daily life, we may meet with kinds of problems. We need to find different kinds of solutions to them. If we always stand by our opinions, we may get half the results with double the effort. Just like the boy in the picture, no matter how hard he is rowing, he will never row the trapped boat out of the bottle. In my opinion, only by opening our minds, can we solve the problems and reach our goals. 附:听力录音材料 Text 1 W: It’s good to see the sun again. M: Better than yesterday. W: They say it’s going to cloud over again this afternoon. M: As long as it doesn’t rain. Text 2 W: Where can we meet to talk about next week’s teaching plan? M: In the teachers’ office this afternoon. W: Is 2:30 all right ? M: How about 3:30? I won’t be back until 3:15. W: OK. See you then. Text 3 W: Could you please have my car ready at 5 o’clock? I am to meet my friends at 7 at the station. M: Sure, the damage is not that serious. It should be ready before 5 o’clock. Text 4 M: I’ve just ordered the computer with 32-speed CD ROM that we both like. W: That’s great. M: It’s twice the speed of the one we are using at home. W: Can’t wait to see it. Text 5 M: I bought this mobile phone just on Friday. But it doesn’t work now. W: Is there a problem with it, sir? M: Well, primarily, it does not appear to function outside the city. It fails to work as a mobile phone as far as I can see. W: Right, I’ll just have a word with the manager and see what we can do. Text 6 M: Can I help you ? W: Yes. I’ve just come off the last flight and I can’t find my baggage. M: I see. Erm, can you describe the bag please? W: Yes. It’s a green bag, a green hold-all about this big. Er, it got two black handles, one small pocket in the front and a yellow doll on one side . M:I see . Well, I’d better make a note of that. W: Thank you. Text 7 W: Don’t take too long at the coffee shop. The football match begins at 7:00 pm. M: I see. We still have 30 minutes left. It’s only a 20-minute walk to the stadium from here. W: You haven’t forgotten our son, have you? He is interested in the match. We need to pick him up at his school. M: Why isn’t he going by bike as usual? W: By bike? Don’t you remember that he lost his bike last week and he walks to school now. M: Oh, sorry I forgot it. Anyhow, there’s no need to worry. Let’s drive to school right now. Text 8 W: Hello, front desk. M: Yes. W: This is Marisa in Room 307. M: Well, yes. How can I help you, Miss Marisa? W: I want to take a shower, but there is no hot water. M: I can’t understand that. Have you turned the handle all the way to the right? W: I’ve been trying to get hot water for 10 minutes. It’s still freezing cold. M: Well, a lot of people take showers before breakfast. Maybe if you wait a while, it’ll heat up again. W: Wait? I have an important meeting to attend in an hour, and I also have to wash and dry my hair. M: Your shower has absolutely no hot water? W: No, none at all. M: I will send a worker to repair it right away. He will be there within 2 minutes. W: OK. But don’t send anyone within 5 minutes. I need to get dressed. Text 9 Good morning, everyone. My name’s Margaret Sayles. I’m a journalist who specializes in travel. Some of you may read the travel section of the newspaper, so you know the kinds of articles I write. Anyway, I’m not here to tell you about my job. I’ve been invited here by the Astoria Tourism Agency to tell you about travel to Astoria. Now as I’m sure most of you know, Astoria is a rather large island located eleven hundred kilometers from New Zealand. As you can see on this map here, it’s about 25 percent larger than New Zealand, and it has quite a different shape. While New Zealand’s long and thin, Astoria has the shape of a square. Now, I guess none of you here has been to Astoria yet, so let me give you a bit of a description. Most of the people there live in the northern half of the island. This part of the island is warmer than the southern half, but it wouldn’t be fair to say that southern half is cold. In fact, the whole island is close enough to the Equator so that no matter how far south you go, you wouldn’t even need a sweater to stay warm. So we can see it’s a wonderful tourist attraction in any season. Text 10 M: Hello , Jason Smith speaking. W: Er…Mr. Smith I’m phoning about your advertisement for an air stewardess. M: Oh, yes. Could I have your name please? W: Yes. My name is Penny Maggie, M-A-G-G-I-E. M: M-A-G-G-I-E. Um…are you a graduate? W: Yes. I graduated from UEA, the University of East Anglia last year. I studied French and Italian there. M: What kind of work experience have you had ? W: Well, I worked at Holiday Restaurant in West Road for five months, then I began to work for Jade Travel Agency. I’ve been working there for about three months. M: I see. And…er…you want to be a stewardess? W: Yes, very much. When I was a child, I dreamt of being an air stewardess. You see, I really like traveling and meeting people. M: OK, Miss Maggie, well,…um. Could you come in for an interview…say 2:30 on Friday afternoon ? W: Yes, that would be fine. M: Good. We’re on the sixth floor of the ABB Building in Oxford Street. W: Thank you, see you then. 北京市东城区2011-2012学年度第二学期高三综合练习(二) 数学 (文李科)2012.05 第Ⅰ卷(选择题 共40分) 一、本大题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分。在每小题列出的四个选项中,选出符合题目要求的一项。 1、若集合,且,则集合可能是 (A)(B) (C) (D) 2、“”是“直线与直线平行”的 (A)充分不必要条件 (B)必要不充分条件 (C)充要条件 (D)既不充分也不必要条件 3、执行右图的程序框图,则第次输出的数为 (A) (B) (C) (D) 4、已知圆上任意一点关于直线的对称点也在圆上,则的值为 (A) (B) (C) (D) 5、将函数的图象向右平移个单位长度,再向上平移1个单位长度,所得的图象对应的函数解析式为 (A) (B) (C)(D) 6、已知和是两条不同的直线,和是两个不重合的平面,那么下面给出的条件中一定能推出 的是 (A),且(B)∥,且 (C),且∥(D),且∥ 7、设为抛物线上一点,为抛物线的焦点,若以为圆心,为半径的圆和抛物线的准线相交,则的取值范围是 (A) (B) (C) (D) 8、已知函数,集合, ,记分别为集合中的元素个数,那么下列结论不可能的是 (A) (B)(C) (D) 第Ⅱ卷(共110分) 二、填空题:本大题共6小题,每小题5分,共30分。 9、 若向量,向量,则= ,与的夹角为 . 10、 设,且为实数,则的值为 . 11、将容量为的样本中的数据分成组,若第一组至第六组数据的频率之比为,且前三组数据的频数之和等于,则的值为 . 12、在平面直角坐标系中,将点绕原点逆时针旋转到点,那么点坐标为____,若直线的倾斜角为,则的值为 . 13、 已知函数,给出下列命题: ①若,则; ②若,则; ③若,则; ④若,则. 其中,所有正确命题的序号是 . 14、已知四棱柱中,侧棱,,底面的边长均大于2,且,点在底面内运动且在上的射影分别为,,若,则三棱锥体积的最大值为____. 三、解答题:本大题共6小题,共80分。解答应写出文字说明,演算步骤或证明过程。 15、(本小题共13分) 已知函数(其中,,)的部分图象如图所示. (Ⅰ)求,,的值; (Ⅱ)已知在函数图象上的三点的横坐标分别为,求 的值. 16、(本小题共13分) 某校为了解学生的学科学习兴趣,对初高中学生做了一个喜欢数学和喜欢语文的抽样调查,随机抽取了名学生,相关的数据如下表所示: 数学 语文 总计 初中 高中 总计 (Ⅰ) 用分层抽样的方法从喜欢语文的学生中随机抽取名,高中学生应该抽取几名? (Ⅱ) 在(Ⅰ)中抽取的名学生中任取名,求恰有名初中学生的概率. 17、(本小题共13分) 如图,矩形所在的平面与直角梯形所在的平面互相垂直,∥,. (Ⅰ)求证:平面∥平面; (Ⅱ)若,求证. 18、(本小题共13分) 已知函数. (Ⅰ)若,求在处的切线方程; (Ⅱ)若在上是增函数,求实数的取值范围. 19、(本小题共14分) 已知椭圆的左焦点,长轴长与短轴长的比是. (Ⅰ)求椭圆的方程; (Ⅱ)过作两直线,交椭圆于,,,四点,若,求证:为定值. 20、(本小题共14分) 个正数排成行列, 如下所示: 其中表示第行第列的数.已知每一行中的数依次都成等差数列,每一列中的数依次都成等比数列,且公比均为,,,. (Ⅰ)求和的值; (Ⅱ)记第行各项之和为(≤≤),数列,,满足, (为非零常数),,且,求的取值范围; (Ⅲ)对(Ⅱ)中的,记,设,求数列中最大项的项数. 北京市东城区2011-2012学年度高三综合练习(二)数学(文科)2012.05 参考答案 一、选择题(本大题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分) 1、A 2、C 3、B 4、D 5、C 6、B 7、A 8、D 二、填空题(本大题共6小题,每小题5分,共30分) 9、, ; 10、 ;11、;12、,; 13、①④ ; 14、 注:两个空的填空题第一个空填对得3分,第二个空填对得2分. 三、解答题(本大题共6小题,共80分) 15、(共13分)解:(Ⅰ)由图可知,. ………1分 的最小正周期 所以 ………3分 又 ,且 . 所以. …………6分 (Ⅱ)因为, 所以. 设 ,………7分 在等腰三角形中,设,则, , 所以. ……………13分 16、(共13分)解:(Ⅰ) 由表中数据可知, 高中学生应该抽取人. ………………4分 (Ⅱ) 记抽取的名学生中,初中名学生为,,高中名学生为,,, 则从名学生中任取2名的所有可能的情况有种,它们是:,,,,,,,,,. …………7分 其中恰有1名初中学生的情况有种,它们是:,,,,,.…9分 故所求概率为. ………13分 17、(共13分) 证明:(Ⅰ)因为//,平面,平面,所以//平面.2分 因为是矩形,所以//. 又 平面,平面,所以//平面. ……………4分 又,且,平面,所以平面//平面.……………6分 (Ⅱ)因为是矩形,所以. 因为, 且, 所以.因为,所以.……………10分 因为,所以. ………………12分 因为,所以. ……………13分 18、(共13分) 解:(Ⅰ)由,,,…1分所以.…3分 又,所以所求切线方程为即.………5分 (Ⅱ)由已知,得. 因为函数在上是增函数, 所以恒成立,即不等式 恒成立. ……9分 整理得.令 ……………11分 的变化情况如下表: + 极小值 由此得的取值范围是. ………………13分 19、(共14分) (Ⅰ)解:由已知得解得 , . …4分故所求椭圆方程为 . …5分 (Ⅱ)证明:由(Ⅰ)知,当直线斜率存在时,设直线的方程为 :. 由 得 . ………………7分 由于,设,则有 ,, .……9分 同理. ………………11分 所以. ………………12分 当直线斜率不存在时,此时,.………13分 综上,为定值. ………………14分 20、(共14分) 解:(Ⅰ)因为,所以. 又成等差数列,所以.…4分 (Ⅱ)由(Ⅰ)得,第一行所成等差数列公差为,所以. 因为 . 所以, 所以. ………6分 因为, 所以.整理得. 而 ,所以, 所以是等差数列. ………8分 故.因为,所以.所以. 所以,所以. 所以的取值范围是 . …………10分 (Ⅲ)因为是一个正项递减数列, 所以当,当.(,) 所以中最大项满足即 ………12分 解得≤.又,且, 所以,即中最大项的项数为. …………14分 北京市东城区 2011—2012学年度第二学期高三综合练习(二) 文科综合能力测试[来源:学科网ZXXK] 本试卷共300分。考试时长150分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分(选择题 共140分) 本部分共35小题,每小题4分,共140分。在每小题列出的四个选项中,选出最符合题目要求的一项。 图1是中国林业产值构成(%),其中第一产业以育苗、营林、森林保护为主;第二产业以森林资源加工为主;第三产业以林业科技、森林旅游、环境产业等为主。读图1,回答1、2题。 1.1995~2005年中国 A.林业产值增长缓慢 B.森林旅游发展迅速 C.植树造林成绩显著 D.森林资源加工发展快 2.在没有其他设备的情况下,森林旅游中迷路应选择的最佳方法是 A.点燃篝火求救 B.沿溪水流向走 C.爬到山顶求救 D.看星空辨方向走 城市流是人、物、信息、资金、技术等在城市间发生的流动现象。表1是2008年中国部分省级区之间的城市流强度(不包括港澳台),城市流强度是区域城市间相互联系中城市外向功能(集聚与辐射)所产生的影响量。读表1,回答3~5题。 表l 3.表中 A.城市流强度倍数:广东/上海>贵州/西藏 B.后五位省级区地跨我国地势的三级阶梯 C.有2个省级区既没海岸线也没有陆疆 D.与山东相邻的省区有江苏、上海、北京 4.广东城市流强度最高的主要原因是 ①地理位置优越②城市群规模较大③矿产资源丰富 ④生态环境好 ⑤政策引导 ⑥科技水平高 A.①②⑤ B.①④⑥ C.②③④ D.③⑤⑥ 5.与贵州相比,海南最突出的自然灾害是 A.洪涝 B.泥石流 C.台风 D.地震 6.我国东北平原粮食商品率高的主要原因是 ①雨热同期 ②耕地面积广 ③人口密度较小 ④科技水平高 A.①② B.③④ C.①④ D.②③ 图2为某区域一月平均气温和风向示意图。读图2,回答7~9题。 7.甲地与乙地气温差异的主要原因是甲地 A.白昼更短黑夜更长 B.海拔更低 C.正午太阳高度更低 D.暖流影响 8.图中 A.风都由印度洋吹向陆地 B.风形成的直接原因是温度差异 C.东南风比西北风给陆地带来更多降水 D.东南风形成的主要原因是海陆热力差异 9.图示季节是 A.非洲热带草原的枯黄期 B.松花江的春汛期 C.地中海沿岸的多雨期 D.阿根廷小麦的播种期 地层是地壳发展过程中形成的各种成层岩石的总称,正常情况下,下面的岩层总是比上面的岩层古老。化石多保存于沉积岩层中,相同时代的地层中往往保存着相同或相似的化石。读图3,回答10、11题。 10.图中 A.甲层深度约2900千米 B.乙层由外力作用形成 C.丁层的时代最古老 D.共有十个时代的地层 11.地点3地层的形成过程可能是 A.沉积作用—地壳上升—侵蚀作用—地壳下沉—沉积作用 B.侵蚀作用—地壳下沉—沉积作用—地壳上升—侵蚀作用 C.沉积作用—地壳下沉—沉积作用—地壳上升—侵蚀作用 D.侵蚀作用—地壳上升—侵蚀作用—地壳下沉—沉积作用 12.下列对中国古代政治制度的论述,正确的有 ①在西周宗法系统里,天子和诸侯同时具有大宗与小宗的双重身份 ②为了有效控制地方,西周实行了分封制 ③秦朝奠定了中国古代政治制度的基本格局 ④汉朝到清朝中枢权力机构的演变反映了专制皇权进一步加强 A.①③④ B.②③④ C.①②④ D.①②③ 13.明人董含说“昔士大夫以清望为重,乡里富人,羞与为伍……今人反屈体降志,或订忘形之交,或结婚姻之雅”。这种变化说明 A.工商皆本思想被普遍接受 B.重农抑商政策被废除 C.市民阶层的出现 D.商人地位有所捉高 14.一幅古代绘画作品,画有两朵萱花,一只白头翁,画中题诗:“问之花鸟何为春?独喜萱花到白头。莫把丹青等闲看,无声诗里诵千秋”。该画属于 A.宫廷画 B.风俗画 C.文人画 D.宗教画 15.下列古代科技成果中居于世界领先地位的是 ①《黄帝内经》②“蔡侯纸”③《九章算术》 ④《授时历》 A.①②④ B.①③④ C.②③④ D.①②③ 16.某竹枝词写道:“自开海禁五洲通,水陆舟车急似风。百货遍流全世界,商场发达正无穷”。词中所述现象的历史背景是 A.汉代丝绸之路的开通 B.清代实行一口通商[来源:学科网] C.近代通商口岸的开设 D.轮船招商局的设立 17.梁启超说:“凡改革之事,必除旧与布新,两者之用力相等,然后可有效也”。下列戊戌变法的措施中,兼有“除旧”和“布新”的是 A.允许官民上书言事 B.裁撤冗员 C.以君主立宪取代君主专制 D.设立京师大学堂 18.20世纪40年代,中共为实现民主政治所做出的努力有 ①发动南昌起义 ②召开遵义会议 ③在抗日根据地进行普选 ④签署《双十协定》 A.①② B.②④ C.①③ D.③④ 19.阅读《中国铁矿石原矿产量统计表》,产量出现高峰值的直接原因是 A.过渡时期总路线的制定 B.八大的正确指引 C.社会主义计划经济体制的确立 D.“大跃进”运动的开展 20.《十二铜表法》第8表规定:“毁伤他人肢体而不能和解的,他人亦得依同态复仇而 ‘毁伤其形体’。但折断自由人一骨的,处300阿斯的罚金;如被害人为奴隶,处150阿斯的罚金”。这一规定 A.体现法律面前人人平等原则 B.一定程度上维护了平民的利益 C.维护了债权人的利益 D.解决了贵族和平民之间的矛盾 21.纪录片《大国崛起》中说:“英国的‘光荣革命’为后世留下了最独特的遗产”。“最独特的遗产”是指 A.用和平变革的方式实现社会进步 B.使议会成为了国家权力中心 C.确立了君主立宪制 D.确立了责任内阁制 22.图5为1952年苏联某报刊发表的一幅漫画,画中 左下角的美国人在呼吁”和平、防卫、裁军”,而 另一位美国将军正在地图上标注美国军事基地, 右上角的CCCP是苏联国名的俄文缩写。该漫画 作者意在 A.揭示美国的冷战政策 B.主张美苏由对抗走向对话 C.呼吁世界和平 D.表明两极格局已经正式形成 23.经济全球化进程日益加快,下列事件按时间先后排列准确的是 ①欧共体成立 ②布雷顿森林体系建立 ③世界贸易组织建立 ④“亚太经合组织”成立 A.①④②③ B.②①④③ C.②④①③ D.①②④③ 24.海峡两岸同宗同源,但在语言文字的具体使用和外来词语的翻译使用上,出现了部分字词在字形、发音、含义等方面的差异。对此,两岸共同努力,编撰中华语文工具书,台湾旅游管理部门专门制作了大陆和台湾用语对照表,《两岸常用词典》大陆版已完稿。这些努力有助于 ①展示特色,提升两岸文明程度 ②彼此融合,消除两岸文化差异 ③增强认同,共同弘扬中华文化 ④增进了解,促进两岸交流合作 A.①② B.①④ C.②④ D.③④ 中国科学院和中国工程院院士吴良镛先生获2012年国家最高科学技术奖。据此回答25、26题。 25.在谈到建筑文化时,吴老强调,“并不是说不能借鉴西方,我也不是反对标新立异,恰恰这是文化艺术最需要的。我本人就是留学生,也经常出国和国外的建筑师接触。这其中当然得学习国外的东西,但不能照抄照搬。”这段话告诉我们,文化发展应当 ①推陈出新,革故鼎新,反对因循守旧 ②继承传统,古为今用,反对民族虚无 ③批判借鉴,洋为中用,反对全盘西化④取其精华,去其糟粕、反对文化复古 A.①② B.①③ C.②③ D.②④ 26.作为我国城市规划和设计的专家,70多年来,吴老足迹走遍祖国大江南北,从天安门广场改建到山东曲阜孔子研究院;从三亚刭丽江;从京津冀到南水北调沿线城市都有他的代表作品,其成就受到了社会的普遍认可。这说明 A.投身实践是实现人生价值的根本途径 B.创造物质财富是人生价值的唯一源泉 C.个人素质的高低决定着人生价值的大小 D.劳动付出与回报是衡量人生价值的标志 27.三江源素有“中华水塔” 的美称,其生态变化不仅影响着长江、黄河、澜沧江流域乃至全国的生态安全,而且也成为亚洲大陆对流层中部的“中流砥柱”,进而影响全球气候。国务院决定建立青海三江源国家生态保护综合试验区。从哲学上看,这一决定有利于 A.兼顾主次矛盾,促使主次矛盾相互转化 B.树立整体观念,发挥整体对部分的影响作用 C.利用关键部分的功能和变化,促进整体发展 D.把握矛盾的主要方面,认清事物的本质 28.图6漫画《智者》(作者:罗琪)启示我们,办事情要 A.坚持解放思想、实事求是、与时俱进 B.在实践基础上坚持目的和手段的统一 C.坚持个别到一般,一般到个别的原则 D.在实践中不断认识、检验和发展真理 29.国务院决定,“十二五”期间,要以建设符合我国国情的基本医疗卫生制度为核心,为基层医疗卫生机构培养15万名以上全科医生。这说明,国务院 ①履行组织社会主义经济建设职能②屐行提供社会公共服务职能 ③坚持对人民负责的工作原则 ④努力建设服务型的全能政府 A.①② B.①③ C.②③ D.②④ 欧盟不顾众多国家的强烈反对,单方面宣布征收国际航空碳排放税,涉及全球2000多家航空公司,仅我国各航空公司今年就需缴纳8亿元人民币的“碳税”。据此回答30、31题。 30.关于欧盟,正确的观点是 A.当今世界最大的区域性经济合作组织 B.其成员之间的贸易额占世界贸易额的绝大多数 C.当今世界最具普遍性、代表性和权威性的政府间国际组织 D.由成员国让渡主权而形成的超国家性质的区域性国际组织 31.经过磋商和沟通,包括中国在内的29个国家共同签署了“莫斯科宣言”,各国将禁止本国航空公司参与碳排放交易体系,联合对欧盟的做法实施反制措施。这表明 ①主权国家行使管辖权,维护国家利益 ②国家之间的共同利益是国家合作的基础 ③国际竞争与冲突是国际关系的两种基本形式 ④社会制度和国家利益的差异是产生分歧的根源 A.①② B.①③ C.②④ D.③④ 32.根据服务对象、工作职责等,某市将57个政府部门分成经济管理、行政执法、社会服务、内部综合四组,向市民报告全年的工作情况,接受市民的评议。这表明,市民在 A.参与民主选举 B.参与民主决策 C.参与民主管理 D.参与民主监督 33.2011年,我国中央财政收入大幅超收。阅读图7,下列解谟信息正确的是 ①国家财政收入大于支出,构成了巨额的财政盈余 ②企业创造社会财富增多,国家经济发展水平提高 ③国家财政在优化资源配置中起基础性作用 ④国家财政保障民生、促进经济平稳运行 A.①② B.①③ C.②③ D.②④ 34.存款准备金率是调节经济的一个重要杠杆,2012年2月24日起,中国人民银行下调存款准备金率0.5个百分点。一般来说,这一举措对经济产生影响的传导路径是 A.存款准备金率降低→银行贷款额度减少→货币投放减少→缓解通货膨胀 B.存款准备金率降低→银行基准利率降低→居民存款减少→消费需求提升 C.存款准备金率降低→银行贷款额度增加→促进企业发展→实现经济增长 D.存款准备金率降低→企业贷款成本减少→企业效益提高→出口创汇增加 35.若其它条件不变,在一般情况下,下列选项与图8中曲线反映的变动关系相一致的是 A.X轴为货币的价值,Y轴为商品的价格 B.X轴为经济增长率,Y轴为社会失业率 C.X轴为某商品价格,Y轴为其替代商品需求量 D.X轴为社会劳动生产率,Y轴为商品价值总量 第二部分(非选择题共140分) 36.(36分)读图9和相关材料,回答下列问题。 (1)比较美国本土与中国在地理位置上的主要差异。(8分) (2)说出图中落基山脉的走向及其对河流的主要影响。(6分) 中国、欧盟和美国是当今世界苹果的三大主产地。目前,在美国市场上,每消费10瓶苹果汁,就有7瓶是中国生产的。 (3)分析中国苹果汁出口到美国有利的社会经济条件。(8分) (4)指出美国航空航天工业中心的分布特点。(6分) 美国平均每天有5次龙卷风发生,每年就有1000~2000次龙卷 风,被称为“龙卷风之乡”。龙卷风是在极不稳定天气下因空气 强烈对流运动而产生的一种强烈的空气涡旋(图10)。当龙卷风 出现时,常伴随着高速旋转的漏斗状云柱,且一般伴有雷雨, 有时也伴有冰雹。其中心附近风速最高可达到300米/秒,远大 于台风中心的最大风速,因而其破坏性极强。 (5)说出龙卷风破坏性极强的主要原因,并指出减少龙卷风灾害 的工程性防御措施。(8分) 37.(38分)自主探究是历史学习的重要方法,请完成以下探究活动。 [探究一] 隋文帝实行租庸调法,其中租是每年纳粟三石,庸是五十岁以上可用布帛代替徭役,调是纳绢四丈。唐太宗继续推行租庸调法,租是纳粟二石,庸的年龄限制取消,调是纳绢二丈。到北宋时期,税额、税种因统治者需要的增加而剧增,宋代学者林勋曾称赋税“视唐增至七倍”,同时商税在税收总数中所占比重上升。[来源:学科网] (1)分析上述材料所反映出的唐太宗和北宋时期的政治经济特点。(6分) [探究二] 这个时代,意大利人则称之为五百年代(即16世纪)……罗马废墟中发掘出来的古典古代雕像,雀惊讶的西方面前展示了一个新世界——希腊古代;在它的光辉的形象面前,中世纪的幽灵消逝了;意大利出现了出人意料的艺术繁荣,这种艺术繁荣好像是古典古代的反照,以后就再也不曾达到过。在意大利、法国、德国都产生了新的文学,……旧的世界的界限被打破了;直到这个时候才真正发现了地球,奠定了以后的世界贸易以及从手工业过渡到工场手工业的基础,而工场手工业则构成现代大工业的起点。教会的精神独裁被摧毁了,日耳曼语族各民族大部分都直截了当地抛弃了它,接受了新教,……这是人类以往从来没有经历过的一次最伟大的、进步的变革。 —— 恩格斯 (2)请依据材料说明“最伟大的、进步的变革”的表现及其影响。(12分) [探究三] 近代中国棉花及棉纺织品产销状况表 (单位:万担) ——据《中国资本主义发展史》附表2改编 (3)依据上表说明棉花及棉纺织品销售的变化,并分析由此反映出的中国经济的特点。(10分) [探究四] ①虎门销烟②太平天国 ③上海发昌机器厂建立④中华民国成立 ⑤中共成立⑥农村根据地广泛建立⑦一届政协召开 ⑧一五计划实施; (4)上表是某校教师为学生提供的研究性学习的参考资料。请结合所学知识完成以下学习活动。(10分) 活动一:某学生以“伟大的社会实践需要先进的思想为自己铺路开道”为主题,编写了研究性学习论文提纲,请补充提纲中的空缺部分。 活动二:围绕现代化,从参考资料中提炼出一个涵盖若干条资料的主题,并将符合该主题的资料序号挑选出来。(4分) 要求:提炼的主题必须涵盖两条资料,立意明确;逻辑清晰合理。 38.(35分)实体经济是创造财富的基本经济形态,是经济发展的根基,要努力营造鼓励脚踏实地、勤劳创业、实业致富的社会氛围。阅读材料,回答问题。 虚拟经济,简言之,就是直接以钱生钱的活动,金融业是虚拟经济的核心产业。与虚拟经济概念相对的实体经济,则是指以提供现实的具有价值的产品或服务为基础的经济活动。 现代经济发展离不开金融,金融创新推动虚拟经济的发展,为筹资、融资提供便利,促进了国际贸易和实体经济的发展;但脱离实体经济的金融发展,会加大经济发展风险。国际金融危机是实体经济和虚拟经济长期失衡的结果,给人们敲响了警钟,过分追求虚拟经济会带来巨大的风险,启示我们要正确认识和处理实体经济与虚拟经济的关系。 (1)结合上述材料,运用所学知识,谈谈如何认识虚拟经济和实体经济的对立统一关系。(12分) (2)当前我国实体经济发展面临众多困难,为此,各方群策群力,努力为发展实体经济创设良好的社会环境。请概括左栏材料,完成下列表格。(10分) 改革开放以来,作为实体经济的主体,制造企业快速崛起,对国民经济的拉动作用明显。然而,我国制造企业还有“软肋” ,突出问题是:大而不强,研发经费投入少,技术开发人员缺乏,自主品牌少,高端设备大量进口,核心技术由国外掌控;在国际市场中竞争主要靠低价格优势,缺少核心竞争力,随着国内劳动力、土地、能源和资源等要素成本的快速上升,比较优势正在削弱。壮大实体经济必须努力提升我国创造业水平,将自主创新的“国家意志”变为“企业行为”。 (3)结合上述材料,运用《经济生活》相关知识,分析自主创新对企业发展的作用,假设你是企业的经营者,你该采取哪些措施来增强企业的自主创新能力?(13分) 39.(28分)产业转型升级.有利于社会经济发展。阅读材料,回答下列问题。 (1)工业的产值超过农业,是经济发展的一个重要里程碑。图11是美苏工业与农业在工农业总产值中的比例变化图。请分别概括两国实现这一变化的途径,以及在此过程中政府对企业采取的管理手段。(8分) (2)根据图12,描述广东省产业转移的主要趋向。(6分) (3)列举影响产业转移的主要因素。(6分) 农业是国民经济的基础,历来备受国家的重视。今年“中央一号文件”聚焦农业科技的发展,提出要培育新型职业农民,政府要提供农业科技培训,提高农民的科学种养水平,既懂科技,也会经营,能够更好地适应农业现代化、市场化的挑战。 (4)运用《经济学常识》中马克思主义关于劳动价值理论的相关知识,说明政府提供农业科技培训的理由。(8分) 40.(23分)媒介手段的进步使人们越来越快、越来越广地获得信息,在一定程度上影响了政治、经济和人们生活方式的变迁。阅读材料,回答下列问题。 (1)中国从19世纪开始出现一种大众传播媒介——报刊。下表涉及了创办于上海的著名报刊,请完成该表格。(6分) 报刊名称 创办者 创办背景 (请勿在此处答题) 梁启超 甲午战争失败,民族危机加深;维新思想传播。 《青年杂志》 陈独秀 (请勿在此处答题) 汽车共享,是指许多人合用一辆车,即开车人对车辆只有使用权,而没有所有权。网络技术的发展,为城市实现“汽车共享”提供了可能,打个电话或在网上就可以预约订车,且可随时就近租借或还车。汽车共享一般是通过某个公司来协调车辆,并负责车辆的保险和停放等问题。 (2)指出北京推行“汽车共享”对解决城市化问题的作用。(8分) [来源:学。科。网] 网络文化是建立在计算机技术和信息网络技术基础上的精神创造活动及其成果,包括人们在互联网世界中的活动方式、价值观念和社会心态。以“分享,然后获得成功”为口号,人们热衷于将自己的创意上传到互联网与他人分享,这已不知不觉地成为他们的生活习惯。互联网使他们大开眼界,更为广泛地了解周围的世界,同时,激发了他们的创造力,使他们入人成为摄影家、作家、设计家;但易受他人的影响,对他人的选择盲目追从而丧失自我。 (3)运用《文化生活》的相关知识,说明应当如何认识网络文化对个人发展的影响。(9分)查看更多