高考英语阅读理解长难句解析

高考英语阅读理解长难句解析

第一部分：高中英语长难句解析 在阅读中，我们经常会遇到一些长而难的句子。长难句通常含有较多、较长的修饰成分、并列成分或从句。长难句的丰富内容和复杂结构往往会导致理解的困难。理解长难句的关键是了解长难句的类型，理清句子成分，抓住句子中的关键部分。　‎ 纵观历年高考英语试题，可以发现阅读文章中出现了许多结构复杂的句子。不难理解，命题者在句子难度上大做文章，无非是想通过增加句子长度和使用复杂结构来打断和干扰考生正常的阅读习惯和思维方式，从而达到考查考生综合阅读能力的目的。下面我们来了解长难句最常见的形式。 一、 复合从句 　　这些句子往往较长，一个从句套着另一个从句，环环相扣，使得考生搞不清楚整个句子结构。其实，不管句子有多长有多复杂，它只由两部分构成，即主干和修饰成分。主干是整个句子的骨架，主要指主谓宾结构(如: I want a ticket.)或主系表结构(如:The man is a teacher.)。而修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是单词，也可以是短语，更常见的则是从句，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。这些从句都很常见，考生比较熟悉，但很多时候不少考生分不清单词、短语和从句之间的相互关系，这样会导致整个句子分析混乱。 　　这时，考生应通过仔细分析，将每个修饰成分划出来，找出句子的主干，这样整个句子结构就清晰了。‎ 二、 分隔结构 　　为了调整语气和增加补充信息，更主要的是为了平衡句子结构，避免头重脚轻，使语义严密，结构紧凑，可将语法关系密切的两个句子成分用其他语法成分分隔开来，这就是所谓的分隔结构。考试中出现较多的是插入语、用破折号插入的新话题或补充信息。此外，还有一些句子成分（一般是定语）过长而出现后置，也可以看作是插入现象，只不过它只是句子原有成分位置的调整，没有新增信息。　　‎ 三、 成分省略 　　在英语句子中，节约用词是一条重要的修辞原则。省略主要是为了避免重复，突出关键词并使上下文紧密连接。成分省略一般和从句相结合，一正一反，使句子富于变化，增强表现力。 　　例如在以than，as引导的比较状语从句中，一些成分往往被省略，会给理解带来一定的影响，而且这类句子出现频率较高，考生需要熟记。　　‎ 四、 改变语序 　　改变语序主要指倒装句式。这种打破相对固定的常规语序的做法，或是为了强调句子的意义表达的重心，或是强调一种表达语气，如虚拟语气、否定语气等。这些句子往往和一些副词、连词相关，有明显的标志。 　　当然，被动句、双重否定句等句式在阅读考试中也屡屡出现，限于篇幅本文未将其归入。希望考生能结合阅读实践来体会上述句法特征。　 　　【突破策略】 　　(1) 结构分析法 　　所谓结构分析法，就是通过语法分析，迅速弄清句子的结构，把握住句子的基本框架。基本步骤是：首先，判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句；然后，找出句子的核心成分，分清主语和谓语，再分清句子的附属成分。 　　方法一：较复杂单句的处理方法——找主谓语，即找主干成分 　　较复杂单句在高考试卷中经常出现，所以应引起同学们的足够重视。 　　① However, many scientists who specialize in ageing are doubtful about it and say the human body is just not designed to last past about 120 years. 　　此句的主语为many scientists，主语里面包含了一个由who引导的定语从句。主句有两个谓语，即are doubtful和say，say后面又包含了一个宾语从句。 　　② Some companies have made the manufacturing of clean and safe products their main selling point and emphasize it in their advertising. 　　此句的主语为some companies,有两个谓语，即have made和emphasize。 　　③At the press of a button, a microcomputer locks all other floors chute(道) doors and sets the recycling container turning until the right box comes under the chute.‎ ‎　　此句的主语为a microcomputer，也有两个谓语，即locks 和sets。 　　方法二：并列复合句的处理方法——找并列连词 　　① The hot sun had caused the dough (面团) to double in size and fermenting yeast(酵母) made the surface shake ‎ and sigh as though it was breathing. 　　② Miss Germaine’s mother looked anxious through the wedding and Mr. Cordell’s parents are reported to be less than delighted. 　　第一句话中第一个and和第2句中的and是连接两个并列成分的，两句话的and 都是连接两个并列单句。 　　方法三：主从复合句的处理方法——找从属连词 　　① Whereas a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage，it wasn’t unusual to hear a man say he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa. 　　whereas引导了一个从句，即 a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave afailing marriage, 而it wasn’t unusual to hear a man say he didn’t know his friend’s marriagewas in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.为主句，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式。 　　方法四：并列和主从复合句并存的处理方法——先读懂并列复合句，再看主从复合句 　　If you ask people to name one person who had the greatest effect on the English language, you will get answers like “Shakespeare”, “Samuel Johnson”, and “Webster”, but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didn’t even speak English—William, the Conqueror. 首先弄清并列复合句，即but连接的两个句子，再看but前有一个条件状语从句，but后为一个单句，单句里又有一个who引导的定语从句。 　　(2)意群阅读法 　　意群阅读法即把意义和语法结构上有关联的几个词连接成较完整的信息。此方法不仅有利于提高阅读速度，而且有利于对句子的整体理解。例如： 　　When two cars travelling at 30 mh hit each other①, an unbelted driver would meet the windshield② with a force equal to diving headfirst into the ground from a height of 10 meters③. 　　分析：①是状语从句，②是主句，③是with引导的介词短语作状语，修饰谓语。这样，把整个句子划为4个意群，可以大大提高阅读速度。‎ 典型例题 　　例1 What Winter knows of the 19-year-old who saved his life is only that he died in a car accident and that his family was willing to honor his wishes and donate his organs for transplantation(移植). 　　解析： 此句的主语为What Winter knows of the 19-year-old who saved his life整个从句，其中主语里面又包含了一个由who引导的定语从句；主语的谓语为is，后面的that引导两个并列的表语从句。 　　点评： 分析长难句时找出主句的谓语是至关重要的一步。 　　例2 Pasteur discovered that heating the wine gently for a few minutes after it had fermented would kill off the yeast that was left in the wine, with the result that the wine would remain fresh for much longer. 　　解析：此句的主语为Pasteur，谓语即discovered，第一个that引导的是宾语从句。在宾语从句中after引导状语从句，第二个that引导定语从句。第三个that引导同位语从句。 　　点评： that在长难句里面用得非常多，所以正确理解that在不同从句中的用法非常重要。‎ 跳出陷阱 　　1. This chance discovery ended a 12-day search by the Library Company of Philadelphia for a historical treasure—a 120-page diary kept 190 years ago by Deborah Logan—“a woman who knew everybody of her day,” James Green, the librarian told the magazine “American Libraries”. 　　分析： 第一句的主语为James Green, the librarian，谓语为told，第一个宾语为the magazine “American Libraries”，第二个宾语为宾语从句，此宾语从句的主语为This chance discovery，谓语即ended，后面宾语的中心词为a 12-day search。 　　2. The alarm had been raised because Vicki became suspicious(怀疑) of the guest who checked in at 3 pm the day before New Year’s Eve with little luggage and wearing sunglasses and a hat pulled down over his face ... 　　分析： The alarm had been raised为主句，because 引导一个原因状语从句，原因状语从句里又包含了一个由who引导的定语从句。 　　3. At the conference in San Francisco, Donald Louria, a professor at New Jersey Medical School in Newark said advances in using genes as well as nanotechnology(纳米技术) make it likely that humans will live in the ‎ future beyond what has been possible in the past. 　　分析： 主语为Donald Louria, a professor at New Jersey Medical School in Newark，主语中心词为Donald Louria，谓语为said，said后面都是省略了that的宾语从句，宾语从句的主语为advances in using genes as well as nanotechnology，主语中心词为advances，谓语为make，it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为that引导的宾语从句 第二部分 长难句的分类与解析 一、长难句的分类 ‎1、带有较多成分的简单句。如：‎ Having chosen family television programs and women’s magazines，the toothpaste marketer，for instance，must select the exact television programs and stations as well as the specific women’s magazines to be used. ‎ 例如，决定选择家庭电视节目和妇女杂志后，牙膏经销商还必须挑选出要用的确切的电视节目和电视台，以及那些具体的妇女杂志。‎ 在这个有30多个词的简单句中，动词-ing形式短语用作时间状语，不定式to be used修饰的不仅是women’s magazine，而且还修饰television programs and stations. exact television同时修饰programs和stations两个词，这在翻译中可以看出来。插入语for instance把主语和谓语分隔开了。‎ ‎2、含有多个简单句的并列句。如：‎ In the 1970s he was a surgeon at Yale，had a wonderful wife and five beautiful children，but he was terribly unhappy.‎ 在20世纪70年代，他在耶鲁当外科医生，有位出色的太太和5个漂亮的孩子，但他那时过得却很不开心。‎ 在第二个并列句中，即在had前面省略了and he.‎ Discrimination(歧视) isn’t their only concern；almost everyone testing positive for the Huntington’s gene(基因) develops symptoms(症状) during middle age， and doctors can do nothing to help. ‎ 担心受到歧视并不是他们唯一的忧虑，几乎所有遗传性亨廷顿病基因检测呈阳性的人在中年时症状都会显现出来，而医生对此却无能为力。‎ 三个分句均为简单句，分别用分号和and连接。‎ ‎3、含有多个从句的复合句。如：‎ I can’t live in fear of the possibility that as the earth’s population grows and we use more and more of our nonrenewable(不能再生的) resources，our children may have to lead poorer lives.‎ 我不能总是生活在对这种可能性的忧虑中：由于地球上人口的不断增长，由于我们正在消耗掉越来越多的非再生资源，我们的孩子可能不得不过着更加贫穷的生活。‎ 在possibility后由that引导的同位语从句中还含有一并列结构的时间状语从句：as…resources.‎ However，those of us who are parents of children in this age group know that such offers are relatively rare and that many liberal-arts students(文科生) graduate with the belief that the prospective(预期的) workplace may not have a place for them. ‎ 然而，我们这些有这个年龄段孩子的家长们都知道，这样的机会少得可怜；我们也知道，许多文科毕业生认为未来的就业市场没有他们的一席之地。‎ 本句的主谓语是：those of us know。know有两个由that引导的宾语从句，其中第二个省略了know。在主句中还有一个定语从句修饰those of us，在第二个宾语从句中还有一个同位语从句修饰belief。‎ ‎4、含有多个插入成分的句子。如：‎ His journey to the e-mail hell began innocently（无知地） enough when, as chairman of Computer Associates International，a software company，he first heard how quickly his employees had accepted their new electronic-mail system.‎ 他在电子邮件的地狱之旅是糊里糊涂开始的。作为国际计算机联合公司这家软件公司的董事长，他当时还是第一次听说他的雇员们是多么快地就接受了他们公司的新的电子邮件系统。‎ as chairman of Computer Associates International是he的同位语，a software company是Computer Associates International的同位语，他们将从属连词when引导的时间状语从句的主语分隔开了。‎ ‎5、并列复合句。如：‎ I have known changes for the better and changes for the worse，but I have never questioned the fact that whether I liked it or not，change was unavoidable.‎ 我经历过好的变化，也经历过坏的变化，但是我从来没有怀疑过这样一个事实，即不管我喜欢与否，变化总是不可避免的。‎ 在but后的那个并列的分句中有一个同位语从句，其中还含有一个让步状语从句。‎ They also found that the bus conductor had a major role in preventing vandalism（故意破坏行为），and at the times he went up the stairs to the upper deck to collect fares，vandalism did not often occur.‎ 他们还发现公交车售票员在防止发生故意破坏方面发挥了重要的作用。当售票员到双层公交车的上层收费时，破坏行为就不常发生。‎ 在前一个并列分句中有一个宾语从句，在后一个并列的分句中有一个修饰times的定语从句，这个定语从句前省略了关系词that或when.‎ 二、长难句分析步骤 ‎1、首先确定句子是简单句、复合句或并列句。‎ ‎2、如果是简单句，首先确定主谓结构；接着确定宾语和宾语补足语（如有的话）；然后确定定语和状语等次要成分，即找出主语、谓语和宾语各自的修饰语。按照所确定的各个成分，给出全句大意（可用翻译法）。译文意思应当通顺，并和上下文意义基本吻合。如意义出入较大，文理不通，则分析可能有误，这时应考虑重新进行句子结构分析。‎ ‎3、如果是并列句，首先应找出并列连词并把全句分解为若干个分句；接着按照简单句的分析方法再细分各分句的内部结构和句意；然后将全句综合考虑。‎ ‎4、如果是复合句，首先找出从属连词并确定出主句，这时应特别注意连词省略现象和多义连词在句中的确切含义；接着按照简单句的分析方法再细分各分句的内部结构和句意；然后确定从句的性质，即该从句在句中修饰什么词语或结构；最后整体考虑全句大意，尤其要注意对修饰语的判断是否准确。‎ 三、长难句分析的注意事项 在分析句子成分时，还应特别注意下列几点：‎ ‎1、是否有同位语和插入语。‎ ‎2、是否有省略、倒装和分隔等现象。‎ ‎3、替代词的所指对象。‎ ‎4、判断并列成分的层次。‎ ‎5、句首的并列连词and、or、but、for通常起承上启下的作用，不要将他们归入后文的句法分析。‎ ‎6、在从句多的句子中，从句中又包含从句的现象。‎ ‎7、非限定动词短语在句中作次要成分（定语和状语）时又带着自己较长的从属成分，尤其是状语从句或宾语从句时的结构分析。‎ ‎8、在有多个从句的复合句和并列句中，状语（单个词、短语或从句）究竟是全句的修饰语还是某个从句或词语的修饰语。‎ 四、长难句分析实例 ‎1、Such tasks are generally important in their outcome，which only adds to the pressure to do good job，and yet their very complexity makes it difficult to know just where or how to begin.‎ 这些任务的结果通常都很重要，这为做好工作增加了压力，然而这些任务的复杂性使人很难知道该从何处开始和怎样开始。‎ 这是一个并列复合句。在第一个并列分句中，有一个非限制性定语从句，但它不修饰outcome，而是修饰前面的整个分句。后一并列分句中有一个复合宾语结构，用it作形式宾语，实际宾语为带有连接副词的不定式短语。‎ ‎2、Today it is not unusual for a student，even if he works part time at college and full time during the summer，to have $‎5,000 in loans(贷款) after four years—loans that he must start to repay within one year after graduation.‎ 一个学生即使在上课期间做兼职工作，在暑假期间做全职工作，四年下来他仍会欠下5，000美元学费贷款，而这笔钱必须在毕业后一年内开始偿还。这样的事现在已经是很平常了。‎ 分析本句应抓住其关键结构：it is not unusual for a student to have $‎5,000 in loans after four years。it是形式主语，实际主语为由for引出逻辑主语的不定式结构for a student to have $‎5,000 in loans after four years。这里应注意not unusual是双重否定，实际表示肯定含义。让步状语从句even if he works part time at college and full time during the summer被插在不定式结构中。破折号引出带形容词从句的同位语。由于for到句末是一个完整的内容，因此翻译中将他们连在一起，而把it is not unusual分译。‎ ‎3、What emerges(浮现) is a picture of an environment where the emphasis is on managing the technology as it spies on people doing their jobs，rather than promoting quality service to customers and providing a fair workplace.‎ 这就勾画出了这样一种工作环境，在这种环境中，只重视科技手段对员工工作的监视作用，而不考虑提高客户服务质量和提高公平的工作场所。‎ 本句的主谓结构是What emerges is a picture，主语What emerges本身即为一个从句。在说明picture的介词短语中还有一个定语从句修饰environment，在这个定语从句中又有一个as引导的状语从句修饰managing，介词on后有三个动词-ing形式短语作其宾语，分别为：managing，promoting和providing。‎ ‎4、Justice does demand that murderers be punished. And common sense demands that society be protected from them. But neither justice nor self-preservation demands that we kill men whom we have already imprisoned. ‎ 正义确定要求严惩凶手。常识也要求社会受到保护不被（恶人）侵犯。但是无论正义还是自我保护都没有要求我们处死已被监禁的囚犯。‎ 第二、三两句中的第一个词均为并列连词，他们起承上启下的作用。三个句子中各有一个that引导的宾语从句，最后一句中还有一个由whom引导的、修饰men的定语从句。‎ 第三部分：历届高考英语长难句100句精选 ‎ 1.First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique. （NMET2003.C篇） ‎ 这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，包括一位法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展，她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习。 ‎ 简析：夹杂过去分词短语，现在分词短语，动名词及两个定语从句。 ‎ ‎2. It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet. （NMET2003.E篇） ‎ 由于因特网的使用，计算所使用的纸张的数量是很难的，然而几乎任何在办公室工作的人能告诉你，当引进电子邮件后，打印机就开始超时工作。也就是说近年来人们对于纸张的日益需求主要是由于因特网越来越多的使用。 （简析：夹杂较复杂的句型结构，关键词just about几乎；overtime超时地。）‎ ‎3. Perhaps the best sign of how computer and internet use pushes up demand for paper comes from the high-tech industry itself, which sees printing as one of its most promising new market. （NMET2003.E篇） ‎ 或许，表明电脑及因特网使用促进人们对于纸张的需求的最好迹象源于高科技产业本身，印刷业被认为是高科技产业极有前景的新市场之一。 ‎ 简析：夹杂较复杂的句型结构，关键词promising有前途的。 ‎ ‎4. The action group has also found acceptable paper made from materials other than wood, such as agricultural waste. （NMET2003.E篇） ‎ 这个行动组也发现一种人们可接受的纸，制成这种纸的原料不是木料，而是农业废料。 ‎ 简析：关键词other than而不是。 ‎ ‎5. Mostly borrowed from English and Chinese, these terms are often changed into forms no longer understood by native speakers. （NMET2003.D篇） ‎ 这些术语，主要从英语和汉语引入，经常会变成不再被说本族语的人们理解的形式。 ‎ 简析：关键词term术语。 ‎ ‎6. It is one of many language books that are now flying off booksellers’ shelves.（NMET2003.D篇) ‎ 它是现在很畅销的许多外语书中的一本。 ‎ 简析：比喻生动形象。 ‎ ‎7. The mass media and government white papers play an important part in the spread of foreign words.（NMET2003.D篇） 大众传播媒介和政府白皮书（正式报告）在外国词传播过程中起重要作用。 ‎ 简析：关键词the mass media and government white papers大众传播媒介和政府白皮书 （正式报告）。 ‎ ‎8.Tales from Animal Hospital will delight all fans of the programme and anyone who was a lively interest in their pet, whether it be a cat 、dog or snake! （NMET2003.C篇） ‎ 来自动物医院（这个电视节目）的故事（这本书），将使这个电视节目的爱好者以及 ‎ 对无论是猫、狗还是蛇这类宠物有浓厚兴趣的任何人感到高兴。 ‎ 简析：关键词fans…爱好者，whether…or…，无论是…还是…。 ‎ ‎9. Newton is shown as a gifted scientist with very human weaknesses who stood at the point in history where magic ended and science began. （NMET2003 .C篇） ‎ 牛顿被证明是一位很有才华的科学家，他处于一个魔术终结科学开启的历史时期， 他也有普通人所特有的弱点。 简析：夹杂两个定语从句。 ‎ ‎10. But for all the texts that are written, stored and sent electronically, a lot of them are still ending up on paper.（NMET2003.E篇） ‎ 但对于所有这些以电子手段记录，贮存及传递的文本而言，许多文本仍要（打印）在纸上。 ‎ 简析：关键词text文本；end up最后成为（处于）。 ‎ ‎11.With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence, according to Intermountain Therapy Animals（ITA） in salt Lake City.（NMET2003.B篇） ‎ 据盐湖城的ITA的观点，闪烁的棕色眼睛，摇着尾巴，并有无条件的爱心，狗能成 ‎ 为无判断力的（忠实的）听者，这是刚开始搞阅读的小孩所需要的。 ‎ 简析：夹杂with构成的介词短语及过去分词短语。 ‎ ‎12. The Salt Lake City public library is sold on the idea. （NMET2003.B篇） ‎ 这家盐湖城公共图书馆接受这个观点。 ‎ 简析：关键词sell on （to）使接受。 ‎ ‎13. Discovered by the Portuguese admiral of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred. （NMET2003. A篇） ‎ 这个岛屿，于1506年被同名的葡萄牙上将发现，在1810年有人居住，现在属于英 ‎ 国，人口数有几百人。 ‎ 简析：有两个过去分词短语作状语。 ‎ ‎14. They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1000 huge stone figures, called moat, for which the island is most famous.（NMET2003.A篇） ‎ 他们已有一千多年与外界没有联系，这给他们充足的时间来修建1000多座巨大的石 ‎ 像，被称为莫艾，因为有这个东西这个岛屿极其出名。 ‎ 简析：夹杂有现在分词短语，过去分词短语及定语从句。‎ ‎ 15. Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10 and they’re very interactive and creative in that they build a sense of drama based on a subject. （NMET2002. E篇） ‎ 我们的（生日）聚会针对两到十岁的小孩，它们互动感强，富有创新，因为它们能 ‎ 基于一个主题构建一种戏剧的氛围。 ‎ 简析：关键词aim for 针对；in that 在于。 ‎ ‎16. The most important idea behind the kind of party planning described here is that it brings parents and children closer together.（NMET2002. E篇） ‎ 在这里叙述的这种筹备（生日）聚会的计划所带有的最重要的观点在于它能让父母 ‎ 和孩子的关系更加密切。 ‎ 简析：夹杂过去分词短语及表语从句。 ‎ ‎17.He had realized that the words: “one of six to eight” under the first picture in the book connected the hare in some way to Katherine of Aragon, the first of Henry VIII’s six wives. （NMET2002. D篇） ‎ 他曾认识到那本书里第一幅图画下面的那些词“一、六、八”在某些方面将这个野 ‎ 兔和阿拉甘的凯撒英，即亨利八世的六个妻子当中的第一个妻子，联系起来。 ‎ 简析：夹杂宾语从句及过去分词短语。 ‎ ‎18.Until one day he came across two stone crosses in Ampthill park and learnt that they had been built in her honor in 1773. （NMET2002. D篇） ‎ 直到有一天他在阿帕斯尔公园碰巧看见两个石制的十字架，他才懂得在1773年修建 ‎ 这两个十字架是为了向她表示敬意。 ‎ ‎19. It is Sue Townsend’s musical play, based on her best-selling book. （NMET2002. C篇） ‎ 它是苏珊?汤森德的音乐剧本，根据她畅销的小说改编的。 ‎ 简析：关键词best-selling 畅销的。 ‎ ‎20. Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend, and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business. （NMET2002. B篇） ‎ 戈德是对有机食品感兴趣众多购买者当中的一位，遍及英国的超市依赖更多像他那 ‎ 样的购买者，因为他们要增加有机食品生意。 ‎ ‎ 简析：关键词count on 依赖。 ‎ ‎21. Supporters of underground development say that building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earth’s space. （NMET2002. A篇） ‎ 地下发展的支持者说在地下搞建筑而不是在地上搞建筑是一种利用地球空间的办法。 ‎ 简析：关键词rather than 而不是。 ‎ ‎22. Those who could were likely to name a woman. （NMET2001. E篇） ‎ 那些能够说出好朋友名字的单身男人，很有可能说出一个女人的名字。 ‎ 简析：省略句who could （name a best friend ）承前省。 ‎ ‎23. In general, women’s friendships with each other rest on shared emotions and support, but men’s relationships are marked by shared activities. （NMET2001. E篇） ‎ 一般来说，女人相互的友谊基于相互分享情感和支持，但男人间的关系以共同参与 ‎ 社会活动为特征。 ‎ 简析：关键词rest on 依靠。 ‎ ‎24.For the most part, interactions between men are emotionally controlled —a good fit with the social requirements of“manly behavior”.（NMET2001. E篇） ‎ 就大部分而言，男人间的交往在感情上受控制，这与“男子汉气概” 的社会要求是 ‎ 相符合的。 简析：关键词for the most part就大部分而言。 ‎ ‎25. Whereas a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage, it wasn’t unusual to hear a man say he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.（NMET2001. E篇） ‎ 一个女人最亲密的女性朋友可能是第一个告诉她离开一次失败的婚姻；而听见一个 ‎ 男人说直到他的朋友一天晚上问他是否可以睡在他家的沙发上他才知道他朋友的婚姻已非常糟糕，这是很平常的。 简析：夹杂多种语法结构not unusual=usual； not…until…，直到…才…。‎ ‎26. Before 1066, in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups. （NMET2001. D篇） ‎ ‎1066年以前，在我们现在称为英国的土地上，住着属于两个主要语种的民族。 ‎ 简析：倒装句，并含有定语从句及分词短语。 ‎ ‎27. If this state of affairs had lasted, English today would be close to German.（NMET2001. D篇） ‎ 如果这种情况延续下去的话，那么今天的英语将和德语很相近。 ‎ 简析：含虚拟语气。 ‎ ‎28. We even have different word for some foods, meat in particular, depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked, which Shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming. while the upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating. （NMET2001. D篇） ‎ 我们甚至对某些食物有不同的单词，特别是肉类，取决于它是长在田野里，还是在 ‎ 家里准备煮着吃，这就表明一个事实，即萨克森农民在农田干活，而上层阶级的诺曼人在大吃大喝。 ‎ ‎ 简析：含对比。 ‎ ‎29. When Americans visit Europe for the first time, they usually find Germany more “Foreign” than France because the German they see on signs and ads seems much more different from English than French does. （NMET2001. D篇） ‎ 当美国人第一次游览欧洲时，他们通常发现德国比法国对他们来说更加“陌生”，因 ‎ 为他们在标牌和广告上看到的德语，比起法语更加不同于英语。 ‎ ‎ 简析： 含比较级句型结构。 ‎ ‎30. Some companies have made the manufacturing of clean and safe products their main selling point and emphasize it in their advertising. （NMET2001. C篇） ‎ 一些公司已经把洁净安全产品的生产当作他们主要的销售关键，并且在他们的广告 ‎ 宣传中强调这一点。 ‎ ‎ 简析：make后接双宾语。 ‎ ‎31. After their stay, all visitors receive a survival certificate recording their success, that is, when guests leave the igloo hotel they will receive a paper stating that they have had a taste of adventure. （NMET2001. B 篇） ‎ 在他们逗留之后，所有的游客都会收到一份生存证明记录他们的成功，也就是说当游客离开小冰屋旅馆时，他们会得到一份证明，表明他们曾尝试过冒险。 ‎ ‎ 简析：含两个分词短语，关键词state表明。 ‎ ‎32. The major market force rests in the growing population of white-collar employees, who can afford the new service, in other words, Shanghai’s car rental industry is growing so fast mainly due to the increasing number of white-collar employees.（NMET2001. A篇） ‎ 主要的市场因素取决于白领工人的人数增加，这些人付得起这种新型服务，换句话说， ‎ 上海的汽车出租行业发展如此快，主要因为白领工人人数的增加。 ‎ 简析：关键词rest in 依赖。 ‎ ‎33. That you won’t be for long means it won’t be long before you’ll have to recycle your rubbish. （NMET2000. E篇） ‎ 你不会等很长时间意味着过不了多久你就会回收你的垃圾。 ‎ 简析：夹杂主语从句及宾语从句。 ‎ ‎34. These words, I have just made up, have to stand for thing and ideas that we simply can’t think of. （NMET2000.D篇） ‎ 这些词，是我编造的，只是代表我们不能想到的事物和观念。 ‎ 简析：关键词make up 编造。 ‎ ‎35. Picturing(Imagining) the future will serve the interests of the present and future generations. （NMET2000. D篇） ‎ 设想未来有益于现在和将来的几代人。 ‎ 简析：关键词picture活用为动词想象，设想。 ‎ ‎36. Decision thinking is not unlike poker — it often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think. （NMET2000. C 篇） ‎ 做决策像打扑克牌，起作用的不但是你怎么想的，还包括别人对你的想法是怎么看的以及你对别人的看法是如何考虑的。 ‎ 简析：含较复杂的句型结构not unlike=like not only…but also…不仅…而且… ‎ ‎37. The easy way out isn’t always easiest. （NMET2000. B篇） ‎ 解决问题容易的办法并非总是最容易的。 ‎ 简析：关键词the way out 解决问题的办法。 ‎ ‎38.The hot sun had caused the dough （面团） to double in size and the fermenting yeast（酵母） made the surface ‎ shake and sigh as though it were breathing and it looked like some unknown being from outer space. （NMET2000. B篇） ‎ 炙热的太阳导致面团面积加倍，酵母使面团的表面摆晃叹息，似乎它在呼吸，它看上去像某种来自外部空间的无名生物。 ‎ 简析：比喻形象生动。 ‎ ‎39. After all, what lively children wouldn’t settle for spending only half the day doing ordinary school work, and acting, singing or dancing their way through the other half of the day? （NMET1999. E篇） ‎ 毕竟，难道这些活泼可爱的孩子们不满足于半天搞普通教育的文化课，半天搞表演、唱歌、舞蹈等舞台训练吗？ ‎ 简析：反问句式，语气强烈。 ‎ ‎40. Dad, in a hurry to get home before dark so he could go for a run, had forgotten wear his safety belt—a mistake 75% of the US population make every day. （NMET1999. D篇） ‎ ‎ 爸爸，急匆匆地在天黑之前赶回家，以便他能出去跑步，却忘记系安全带—这是75% 的美国人每天犯的一个错误。 ‎ 简析：关键词for a run去跑步。 ‎ ‎41.The summit was to mark the 25th anniversary（周年）of president Nixon’s journey to China, which was the turning point in China-US relations. （NMET1998.B篇） ‎ 这次高峰会是为了纪念尼克松总统访华25周年，尼克松访华是中美关系的转折点。 ‎ 简析：关键词mark 纪念。 ‎ ‎42. Many of the problems are of college level and these pupils can figure them out. （NMET1997.A篇） ‎ 很多问题是大学水平，这些小学生能够解答出来。 ‎ 简析：关键词be of college level 大学水平，figure out解决，解答。 ‎ ‎43. Rising through the roof is the Tower of the Sun, inside Which stands a 160 –foot –tall Tree of Life. ‎ 穿过屋顶矗立着太阳之塔，在里面有一棵‎160英尺高的生命之树。 ‎ 简析：含有两个倒装句。 ‎ ‎44. The present question is that many people consider impossible what is really possible if effort is made. ‎ 目前的问题是，很多人把其实只要付诸努力就能做到的事情看成是做不到的。 ‎ 简析：consider后的宾语后置。 ‎ ‎45. Ill and suffering as she was after the inhuman punishment, she yet remained so cheerful and confident, eager to devote the little strength left to her to helping the other comrades. ‎ 她受过重罚，而且有病，可她却这样愉快，这样充满了信心，这样用尽她所剩的力量来帮助其他同志。 ‎ 简析：含有让步状语从句及形容词短语作状语。 ‎ ‎46. Freed from TV, forced to find their own activities, they might take a ride together to watch the sunset. ‎ 如果他们从电视中的束缚中解脱出来，不得不自己安排活动，他们可能会全家驱车去 ‎ 看日落。 ‎ 简析：含有两个过去分词短语。 ‎ ‎47. I went around to the front of the house, sat down on the steps, and, the crying over, I ached, And my father must have hurt, too, a little. ‎ 我绕到房子的前面，坐在台阶上，哭了一阵之后，我感到阵阵心痛，我的父亲心里肯 ‎ 定也有一点不好受。 ‎ 简析：动作描写，情真意切。 ‎ ‎48. It covered the whole distance from broken –hearted misery to bursting happiness—too fast. ‎ 先是令人心碎的痛苦，继而是极度的喜悦，从一个极端到另一个极端—变换得实在太 ‎ 快了。 ‎ ‎ 简析：比喻形象生动。 ‎ ‎49.Still, he could not help thinking that if anything should happen, the nearest person he contact by radio, unless there was a ship nearby, would be on an island 885 miles away. ‎ 他禁不住寻思起来，要是果真有什么意外，除非附近有条船，他用无线电能联系上的 ‎ 最近的人远在‎885英里以外的岛上。 ‎ ‎ 简析：含虚拟语气。 ‎ ‎50. After all, eighty was a special birthday, another decade lived or endured, just as you choose to look at it. ‎ 八十大寿，毕竟非同一般，不管怎么说你又活了十年，或者说熬了十年，是活还是熬， ‎ 全在于你怎么看了。 ‎ ‎ 简析：关键词endure (stand; bear; put up with)忍受。‎ ‎51. News reports say peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement reached.（NMET2003.31） ‎ 新闻报道说这两个国家的和平谈判失败,没有达成协议。 ‎ 简析：关键词break down失败，reach an agreement达成协议。 ‎ ‎52. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once have they quarreled with each other.（NMET2003.34） ‎ 这对老年夫妇结婚40年了，两人从来没有一次争吵。 ‎ 简析：含主谓倒装句。 ‎ ‎53. After all, Ed’s idea of exercise has always been nothing more effort-making than lifting a fork to his mouth.（NMET2003） ‎ 要记住的是，伊德搞锻炼的想法根本没有进餐使用刀叉那么费力。 ‎ 简析：含比较级句型。 ‎ ‎54.As a result , at the point in our game when I’d have figured on (predicted) the score to be about 9 to ‎1 in my favor , it was instead 7 to 9 — and Ed was leading.（NMET2003） ‎ 就在我们比赛之前，我曾预料这场比赛对我有利，比分大概是9比1，结果比分反而是7比9，伊德暂时领先。 ‎ 简析：关键词figure on预计，估计；in one’s favor对某人有利。 ‎ ‎55.So when Ed arrived for our game not only with the bottom of his shirt gathered inside his trousers but also with a stomach you could hardly notice , I was so surprised that I was speechless , my cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape .（NMET2003） ‎ 因此当伊德来参加我们的比赛时,我发现他不仅将衬衫的底部扎进裤里,而且几乎注意不到他的肚子,我感到很惊奇,以致无话可说,我的表弟过去一定努力把自己训练好,保持很好的竞技状态。 ‎ 简析：含有not only…but also…及so…that…的句型结构，must have P.P表示对过去事实的推测。 ‎ ‎56.In a way , I think we both won : I the game , but cousin Ed my respect.（NMET2003） ‎ 在一定程度上，我认为我们都赢了，我赢得了这次比赛，伊德表弟赢得了我的尊重。 ‎ 简析：承前省略谓语动词won。 ‎ ‎57. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows what to do with it. （NMET2002 .33） ‎ 据说在澳大利亚土地太多以致政府不知道怎么去处理。 ‎ 简析：含比较级句型。 ‎ ‎58. The research is so designed that once begun nothing can be done to change it.（NMET2002 .34） ‎ 这项研究设计得如此好以致一旦开始任何事都不可能改变它。 ‎ 简析：夹杂过去分词短语once begun。 ‎ ‎59. The mother didn’t know who to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out. （NMET2002 .24） ‎ 妈妈不知道谁应该受责备，因为打破玻璃这件事是她不在家里的时候发生的。 ‎ 简析：关键词be to blame受责备。 ‎ ‎60.When I was in the army I received an intelligence test that all soldiers took, and , against an average of 100 , scored 160.（NMET2002） ‎ 当我在军队服役时，我曾接受过所有战士都参加的智力测试,与平均分100分相比，我得了160分。 ‎ 简析：关键词against 与…相比较。 ‎ ‎61.We didn’t plan our art exhibition like that but it worked out very well （NMET2001.26） ‎ 我们原不是那样计划艺术展览的，但出来的结果却很好。 ‎ 简析：关键词work out 结果是…… ‎ ‎62. The home improvements have taken what little there is of my spare time . （NMET2001.27） ‎ 房子装修花费我的闲暇时间不多。 ‎ 简析：句型结构little of的用法 例We see very little of our children (we do not see them often) now that they are grown up.‎ 孩子们已经长大了，所以我们现在很少见到他们。 ‎ ‎63. Having suffered such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.（NMET2001.35） ‎ 这条河流已经遭受很重的污染，现在要清理为时太晚。 ‎ 简析：含too…to…句型及现在分词的完成式。 ‎ ‎64. Most believe the footprints are nothing more than ordinary animal tracks , which had been made larger as they melted and refroze in the snow. （NMET2001） ‎ 大多数人相信这些脚印只是普通动物的足迹，这些足迹由于在雪里融化再结冰而变大了。 ‎ 简析：关键词nothing more than only。 ‎ ‎65. But if they ever succeed in catching one, they may face a real problem: would they put it in a zoo or give it a room in a hotel? （NMET2001） ‎ 但若他们真的抓住一个“雪人”的话，那么他们可能面临一个现实问题：他们会把它放进动物园，还是在一个旅馆里给它一个房间呢？ ‎ 简析：含选择疑问句型。 ‎ ‎66. With production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.（NMET2000.18） ‎ 产量增长了60%，公司又经历了一个极好的年头。 ‎ 简析：含with构成的介词短语。 ‎ ‎67. The WTO cannot live up to its name if it dose not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind. （NMET2000.21） ‎ 世贸组织如果没有一个占世界五分之一人口的大国加入的话，那么它就不能名副其实。 ‎ 简析：关键词live up to one’s name 名副其实。 ‎ ‎68. It is the ability to do the job that matters not where you come from or what you are. （NMET2000.24） ‎ 重要的是你做这件工作的能力，而不是你来自什么地方，或是你是什么身份。 ‎ 简析：强调句型It is +强调部分+that / who+从句。 ‎ ‎69. How could I ever get him to finish unloading the car without screaming at me and making a scene in front of the other girls, who I would have to spend the rest of the year with? （NMET2000） ‎ 我怎么才能让父亲卸完车上的行李而不向我大喊大叫，在其他女孩子面前出洋相呢？我还要和这些女孩一起度过以后的日子。 ‎ 简析：关键词make a scene 大吵大闹，出洋相。 ‎ ‎70.Dad’s face turned decidedly less red before he could bring out a “yes”.（NMET2000） ‎ 父亲在说出一声“是”之前,脸终于没有先前那么红了。 ‎ 简析：迂回表达，心情如释重负。 ‎ ‎71. Soon I heard a sound like that of a door burst in , and then a climb of feet.（NMET90） ‎ 很快我听到好象是门被撞进的声音，接着是一阵上楼的脚步声。 ‎ 简析：that替代前而的sound。 ‎ ‎72. Father took the still smoking pistol from my hand, and fired another shot, which killed the gorilla.（NMET90） ‎ 爸爸从我手里拿起那只仍冒烟的枪，又开了一枪，这才杀死了那只大猩猩。 ‎ 简析：关键词fire another shot 又开了一枪。 ‎ ‎73.It happened that father had sent us upstairs because he thought he would be able to lock the door—which was twenty feet away—before the animal reached it.（NMET90） ‎ 事情发生是这样的,爸爸先把我们送上楼，因为他原以为他能够在那个动物赶到之前（距离‎20英尺远）将门锁上。 ‎ 简析：句型结构It happened that…事情发生是这样的…。 ‎ ‎74. He certainly looked the part all right, he thought, as he admired himself in the mirror. （NMET91） ‎ 当他在镜子前自我欣赏时，他想他当然看上去很适合那个角色。 ‎ 简析：关键词all right确实，无疑。 ‎ ‎75. He put his head in his hands and tried to remember his lines, but nothing came to his mind. （NMET91） ‎ 他抱着头，尽力的想台词，但什么也想不起来。 ‎ 简析：迂回表达nothing came to his mind=He remembered nothing. ‎ ‎76. In fact the more he watched the play, the more he felt himself part of it. （NMET91） ‎ 实际上，他越是观看这台戏剧，他越是认为自己已进入角色。 ‎ 简析：句型结构the more…the more…越…越… ‎ ‎77. Instead she took a short walk in a park nearby and came home, letting herself in through the back door.（NMET92） ‎ 反而，她在附近公园散步一会儿就回到家，她经过后门让自己进去的。 ‎ 简析：分词短语letting herself in 作状语。 ‎ ‎ 78. She settled down to wait and see what would happen.（NMET92） ‎ 她静下心来等，看会发生什么事。 ‎ 简析：关键词settle down to do sth 静下心来做… ‎ ‎79. Picking up the kettle of boiling water, she moved quietly towards the door.（NMET 92） ‎ 她拿起那个装着开水的壶，悄悄地向门移动。 ‎ 简析：现在分词短语作伴随状语。 ‎ ‎80. A sharp cry was heard outside as the wire fell to the floor and the hand was pulled back, which was followed by the sound of running feet.（NMET 92） ‎ 当那根铁丝掉在地上，哪只手缩回时，外面传来尖叫声，接着是逃跑的声音。 ‎ 简析：三处被动语态间接描述小偷遭到的惩罚。 ‎ ‎81. It wasn’t long before the police caught the thief.（NMET 92） ‎ 很快警察抓住了那个小偷。 ‎ 简析：句型结构It wasn’t long before+从句，很快就… ‎ ‎82. Then, I noticed a tall man by the door, carrying something covered with brown paper.（NMET 93） ‎ ‎ 接着，我注意到门旁一个高个子男人，拿着用棕色纸遮盖着的某种东西。 ‎ ‎ 简析：含两个分词短语。 ‎ ‎83. Turning to my next customer, I was terrified to see a gun stuck out of his coat.(NMET 93) ‎ 转向下一个顾客，看见一杆枪从他的外套伸出来，我非常恐惧。 ‎ 简析：过去分词短语作to see的宾补。 ‎ ‎84.“Smith!” the manager cried out in a voice like thunder “None of your excuses! Go start work at once! ” （NMET 93） 史密斯！”经理用象雷一样的声音大喊，“你不要找借口！给我立即开始工作。” 简析：口语化的语言。 ‎ ‎85. Waiting above the crowded streets, on top of a building 110 stories high, was Philippe Pettit.（NMET 94） ‎ 菲力浦帕底特在110层高的建筑物上，人群拥挤的大街上空等候。 ‎ 简析：含倒装句型及分词用法。 ‎ ‎86. Philippe took his first step with great care. The wire held Now he was sure he could do it.（NMET 94） ‎ 菲力浦非常小心地迈开第一步，钢丝绳承受住了，现在他确信他可以走钢丝了。 ‎ 简析：关键词hold (vi) 承受。 ‎ ‎87.And thousands of terrified（badly frightened）watchers stared with their hearts beating fast.（NMET 94） ‎ 成千上万感到很害怕的观众盯着看，他们的心跳很快。 ‎ 简析：含with构成的介词短语。 ‎ ‎88. Already she does many things a human being can do.（NMET 95） ‎ 她已经会做一个人能做的许多事情。 ‎ 简析：含定语从句。 ‎ ‎89. She even enjoys watching television before going to bed.（NMET 95） ‎ ‎ 她甚至喜欢在上床睡觉前看电视。 ‎ ‎ 简析：含分词及动名词。 ‎ ‎90. The measure of a man’s real character is what he would do if he knew he would never be found out.（NMET 96） ‎ 衡量一个人真正品质的标准是看如果他知道他不会被别人发现的情况下他会做些什么事。 ‎ ‎ 简析：表语从句中还含有虚拟语气。 ‎ ‎91.Thirty years after being introduced to McCauley’s words, they still seem to me the best yardstick（准绳）, because ‎ they give us a way to measure ourselves rather than others. （NMET 96） ‎ 在我知道玛考雷名言三十年后，它对我来说仍是最好的人生准则，因为这句名言给我们提供了一种衡量我们自己而不是他人的方法。 简析：关键词introduce引见，‎ 例：Let me introduce you to the pleasures of wine-tasting让我给你说说品酒的乐趣。 ‎ ‎92. Few of us are asked to make great decisions about nations going to war or armies going to battle, but all of us are called upon daily to make a great many personal decisions. （NMET 96） ‎ 我们当中很少有人被要求作出关于国家进行战争，军队进行战斗的重大决定，但我们每天都要求作出很多个人的决定。 简析：含动名词的所有格形式。 ‎ ‎93. Here’s a fellow who just walks into a bank and helps himself to so much money.（NMET 97） ‎ 有一个家伙，就这样走进一家银行，擅自拿走这么多钱。 ‎ 简析：help oneself to擅自拿走。 ‎ ‎94. Todd thought of the difficulty with which he managed to get the amount of money he needed to start his gas station.（NMET 97） ‎ 托德想起自己的难处，他曾设法搞一大笔钱，他需要这笔钱来开办他的加油站。 ‎ 简析：夹杂两个定语从句。 ‎ ‎95. Don’t pick up strangers and all your folks in gas stations better not do service to a white Ford car.（97） ‎ 不要搭载陌生人，加油站所有的工作人员最好不要为一辆白色福特牌小汽车服务。 ‎ 简析：关键词folks，加油站的工作人员。 ‎ ‎96. “Fill her up”, the man said sounding like any other driver.（NMET 97） ‎ ‎ “给车加油”那个男人说，听起来（这个劫匪）就好像是其他任何一名司机。 ‎ 简析：关键词sound like 听起来像… ‎ ‎97. It seemed that there was no suitable work for him.（NMET 98） ‎ ‎ 看来对他来说没有合适的工作。 简析：关键词suitable适合的。 ‎ ‎98. But when John and his fellow soldier came in sight some of the people watching couldn’t help laughing at the one who couldn’t keep pace with the others as they march along.（NMET 98） ‎ 但当约翰和他的战友们出现时，一些观看的人们禁不住嘲笑那个在行进中不能同步的那个人（约翰）。 ‎ 简析：句子结构较复杂，关键词keep pace with 与…步伐一致。‎ ‎ 99. They not only make it difficult to sleep at night, but they are doing damage to our houses and shops of historical interest.（NMET 99） ‎ 他们不仅使人们在晚上睡觉困难，而且他们损害我们历史名胜的房子和商店。 ‎ ‎ 简析：句型结构not only…but (also) …不仅…而且… ‎ ‎100. Hary also studying biology said they wanted to make as much noise as possible to force the government officials to realize what everybody was having to stand.（NMET1999） ‎ 也攻读生物学的哈利说他们要制造尽可能大的噪音来迫使政府官员们认识到大家正不得不忍受的东西。 ‎ 简析：句型结构as...as possible尽可能地……。 ‎ 课堂 检测 听课及知识掌握情况反馈：_________________________________________________________。‎ 测试题(累计不超过20分钟)_____道；成绩______；教学需:加快□;保持□;放慢□;增加内容□‎ 课后 巩固 作业 题; 巩固复习 ; 预习布置_____________________‎ 组长 签字 教学组长签字： ‎ 教师 课后 赏识 评价 老师最欣赏的地方：‎ 老师想知道的事情：‎ 老师的建议：‎