高考英语定语从句和名词性从句讲解与综合训练

高考英语定语从句和名词性从句讲解与综合训练

高考英语定语从句和名词性从句讲解与综合训练 名词从句有四类：宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。例如：‎ 宾语从句：I don’t know where he will go.‎ 主语从句：Where he will go is unknown.‎ 表语从句：The problem is how we can get so much money.‎ 同位语从句：We all feel sorry about the news that he failed in the game.‎ 下面几点是学习名词从句要加以注意的：‎ ‎1．    whether和if都可以引导宾语从句表达“是否”意，（即引导宾语从句时if和whether ‎   可以互换）但以下几种名词从句要用whether（不用if）引导：‎ ‎（1）           引导主语从句，且在句首时。例：Whether he has won the tennis is not known.(但 It is not known whether/if he has won the tennis).‎ ‎（2）           引导表语从句时。例The problem is whether he can get a job.‎ ‎（3）           引导同位语从句时。例：I have no idea whether he will come.‎ ‎（4）           介词后的whether从句。例：I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.‎ ‎2．    位于句首引导主语从句的that不可忘。‎ 例如：That he got the first place in the competition surprised all of us.‎ ‎3．    在“It is suggested/proposed/ordered/a pity/no wonder/necessary/strange/…＋‎ that从句”结构中，that从句谓语有时用（should）do这样的虚拟语气形式。‎ 例如：It is suggested that we(should) improve the relations between us.‎ It is a pity that one(should) stay in one place all one?s life.‎ It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings（缺点）.‎ ‎4．    在“The reason why…is that…”句式中that不要误为because.‎ 例如：The reason why he didn?t go to school yesterday is that he was ill.‎ ‎5．    名词从句中that,what用法比较：‎ 引导名词从句的that是连词，在句中无成份，无意义，而what是连接代词，what＝the thing(s) that.‎ 例如：It was told in yesterday?s newspaper that what the students had done was praised the things(that)‎ 无意义 ‎      by the factory.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ I know that he will study.‎ I know what he will study.‎ That he works hard at his lessons is known to us all.‎ What he works hard at is known to us all.‎ All I ask is that you should tell the truth./He is not what(＝the person that)he used to be.他和以前大不相同了。‎ ‎6．    where在名词从句中的使用特点：‎ where在名词从句中有时可以变为“the place where”,有时可以变为“介词＋the place where” 形式。例如：‎ 主从：Where(＝The place where)she has gone is still unknown.‎ 宾从：Would you please tell me where(＝the place where) Mr Smith lives?‎ 表从：Your dictionary remains where(＝in/at the place where)you put.‎ 同位从：Have you any idea where(＝of the place where) she is spending her holidays?‎ ‎7．    无论是哪种名词从句都是陈述语序。例如：‎ I know where he lives./Please tell me what her name is.‎ 当一个特殊疑问句本身就是陈述语序（即“主＋谓＋（宾）”或“主＋系＋表”结构），将其变为间接引语（即宾语从句）时，无需改变语序。例如：‎ What?s the matter with him?     She asked me what was the matter with him.‎ Who looks after your grandfather?    He asked me who looked after my grandfather.‎ ‎ ‎ 名词从句考点分析 ‎1．They want to know ______ do to help us.    (NMET)‎ ‎   A. what they can    B. how they can    C. how can they    D. what can they ‎   析：此题要选陈述语序项，故应排除C、D。又因how they can do不完整，do后无宾 ‎   语，故也应排除，只有A项既是陈述语序，且what they can do完整正确地表达出“他 ‎   们能做些什么”这一意思，故答案为A。‎ ‎2．His teacher ______ he ______ bright and ______ he was worth teaching.‎ ‎   A.didn’t think;was;that        B.thought;was;whether ‎   C.didn’t think;was;×          D.thought;wasn?t;×‎ ‎   析：观察题目，可知think后跟有and连接的两个并列宾语从句，这时前一个宾语从句的引导语that可以省略，但引导后一宾语从句的that不可省略，据此，可排除C、D两个选项。若选B项，全句意思不通，而选择A项可表达“他的老师认为他不聪明，不值得教”这一意思，且语法结构无误，故可定A是正确答案。‎ ‎3．______ is done cannot be undone.‎ ‎   A.How    B.That    C.What    D.Where ‎   析：do一般作及物动词使用，从题干看，需选一词作主语（逻辑上是done的宾语）。‎ ‎   而A.How,D.Where均是副词，不能作主语，故应排除。B项that一词只能在定语从句中作主语，不能在主语从句中作主语，也应排除。只有选what(＝the thing that),才能正确表述“凡是做的不可不做”这一意思。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4．Take care ______ you don?t make mistakes in the coming exam.‎ ‎   A.of that    B.about that    C.for what    D.that ‎   析：take care是“注意”、“当心”意，后面可跟that引导的宾语从句来表达“当心 ‎   不要…”意思，据此，该题应选D。‎ ‎5．To his surprise,the umbrella was not ______ he had put.‎ ‎   A.which    B.where    C.the place    D.that ‎   析：观察题干，was not后是表语，根据where在表语从句中相当于in/at the place where,将其置于空白处则可表达“伞不在他当初放的地方”这一意思，而C选项缺少词，不可选。A、D项皆不合用。‎ ‎6．______ we can?t get seems better than ______ we have. ‎ ‎   A.what;what    B.what;that    C.that;that    D.that;what ‎   析：此题显然是要表达“我们得不到的东西似乎比我们得到的东西好。”这一意思，即“A seems better that B”结构，根据what＝the thing(s) that这一特点，将其置于两空白处正好可以表达出前者比后者好这一意思，故答案为A。‎ ‎7．______ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.  ‎ ‎   A.If    B.Whether    C.That    D.Where ‎   析：此题depends前的主语从句是一个不肯定的内容，在句首表“是否”意时，只能用Whether,不可用If。故答案为B。‎ ‎8．______ they are most interested in is ______ they can produce more and better cars.‎ A.That;how    B.What;how    C.What;what    D.That;that 析：is前面是一个主语从句，要表达“他们最感兴趣的（东西）”这一意思，只能选what填入空白;is是表语从句，显然只有选how才能表达“如何生产更多更好的汽车”，故答案为B。‎ ‎9．He made a suggestion that the English test ______ until next Wednesday.‎ A.will be put off    B.be put off    C.will put off    D.put off 析：suggestion,order,adivce等词后的同位语从句谓语要用（should）do的形式，且该句中test与put off为被动关系，故选B。‎ ‎10．I don?t think ______ he said something like that is right.‎ A.that    B.what    C.whether    D.when 析：此句think后是一宾语从句，这个宾语从句的主语在is之前，它是一个被动句。‎ 因为he said something like that已经含有主、谓、宾、状等成分，只有选不表意义，不做成分的that才合适，故选A。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 定语从句 一、定语从句与引导词 定语从句是在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫做选行词，‎ 而引导定语从句的词叫引导词，有关系代词和关系副词两类。‎ 懂得什么样的先行词后用什么样的引导词是学好定语从句的关键。‎ ‎1．关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose,在定语从句中作主语、宾语中表语，whose ‎   作定语。代人的有：who,whom,whose,that；代物的有：that,which,whose.例如：‎ ‎   The man who helped you is Mr White.(who代人，在定语从句中作主语)‎ ‎   That is the person(whom/who/that) you want to see.(whom,who,that代人，在定 ‎   语从句中作宾语，可省略)‎ ‎   I’m not the fool(that) you thought me to be.(that代人，在定从中作表语)‎ ‎   A dictionary is a useful book which(＝that) tells us the meaning of words(which ‎  或that代物，在定从中作主语)‎ ‎2．    关系副词有：when(指时间)，where(指地点),why(指原因)，在定语从句中作状语。‎ 例如：Would you suggest a time(when) we can have a talk?(when可省略)‎ The house where they live is not very large./This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting.‎ 注意：不是表时间的先行词都用when引导定从，不是表地点的先行词都用where引导定从。例如：We’ll visit the factory which(＝that) makes radios.‎ ‎(which或that在定从中作主语，where不可用主语，故不可用)‎ They still remember the happy days(which/that) they spent in Beidaihe.‎ ‎(which或that在定从中作spent的宾语，when不可作宾语，故不可用)‎ ‎ ‎ 二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号分开，修饰主句中的某一个名词或名词词组或代词,起限定作用；非限制性定语从句常用逗号和主句隔开，可以修饰主句中的某一个词，也可修饰整个句子，起补充说明的作用。非限制性定语从句不能用that引导，引导非限制性定语从句的关系词不能省略。非限制性定语从句例：Li Ping?s father, who works in a factory, is an engineer./He tore up my photo, which made me very angry.(which指代主句内容，因前后两句是因果关系，此时which不可换为as。)‎ He is good at physics, as is known to us all.＝As is known to us all, he is good at physics.(as指代主句内容，在as is known/believed, as we all know/believe这类结构中as不可换为which)‎ ‎ ‎ 三、  只用that引导和不用that引导的场合 ‎1．    只用that引导和不用that引导的场合 ‎1）    当先行词既包括人又包括物时：He talked about the men and the books that attracted him.‎ ‎2）    指物的先行词被any, every, only, very, all, no等修饰时：These are the very points that interest me./That’s the only watch that I like most.‎ ‎3）    指物的先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时：The first step that we are to take is very difficult./This is the second card that he gave me.‎ ‎4）    先行词是指物的不定代词all,little,few,much,及everything,anything,nothing等时：There is still much that can be done about it./Have you got everything that you need?‎ ‎5）    先行词是who时：Who that have seen him does not like him?‎ ‎2．    不用that的场合如下：‎ ‎1）非限制性定语从句中    Last night ,I saw a very good film,which was about the LongMarch .‎ ‎2）介词放在关系代词之前时   This is the man from whom I learnt the news ‎3）句中出现了that，或先行词是that时    I have found that which I was looking for.‎ ‎ ‎ 四、“介词＋关系代词”用法 ‎1．    介词的确定应依据定语从句中短语的习惯性搭配，例如：Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands?(shake hands with…是习惯性搭配)‎ ‎2．    介词常受先行词的制约（即介词和先行词的搭配），例如：He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.(through which 即through the telescope)‎ ‎3．    当关系代词作“动词＋介词”固定短语的宾语时，此时因定短语中的介词不能拆开移到关系代词前。例如：This is the watch which you’re looking for./He is a kind of man whom you can safely depend on.‎ ‎ ‎ 五、几个名词后的引导词 ‎1.         situation后常用where , in which引导定语从句：Can you imagine a situation where/in ‎  which you can use the word?‎ ‎2.         way(方式，方法)后常用in which或that或how引导定语从句，也可省略：Do you know the way(in which/that/how) he worked out the problem?‎ ‎3.         “the same＋名词”，“such＋名词”，“as＋名词”后通常用as引导定语从句。例如：I have the same dictionary as you(have)./Such a book as you bought is not worth buying.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 定语从句考点分析 ‎1．    The best work ______ Luxun wrote and ______ I have read has been made into a film.‎ A.which;that    B.that;×    C.×;that    D.×;×‎ 析：如果两个定语从句并列，关系代词作宾语时前一句的可以省略，但后一句的不可省略，故应选C。‎ ‎2．    It was in 1969 ______ two Americans got to the moon by space ship.‎ It was 1969 ______ two Amerians got to the moon by space ship.‎ A.when    B.which    C.that    D.×‎ 析：第一句是强调时间in 1969,强调结构是“It was＋强调部分＋that句”，故应选C。第二句It是表时间的，先行词1969在从句中作状语，故选A。‎ ‎3．    Is this the house ______ Shakespeare was born?‎ A.at which    B.which    C.in which    D.at where 析：观察题目，空白处只有填in which或where才能表达“这是莎士比亚出生的房子吗？”这一意思，故答案为C。‎ ‎4．    Is this house ______ Shakespeare was born?‎ A.where    B.which    C.in which    D.at which 析：将此句变为陈述句；This house is ______ Shakespeare was born.显然is后是一表语从句，只有选where(＝the place where)才能表达“这是莎士比亚的出生地”这一意思，故答案为A。‎ ‎5．    In the dark street,there wasn’t a single person ______ she could turn for ‎   help.   ‎ ‎   A.to whom    B.of whom     C.from whom    D.that ‎   析：“介词＋关系代词”要考虑短语搭配或与先行搭配，这道题短语turn to有关，故应选A。‎ ‎6．    The two things ______ they felt very proud were Jim?s gold watch and Della?s ‎   hair. ‎ ‎   A．about which    B.of which    C.in which    D.for which ‎   析：涉及be/feel proud of短语，故答案为B。‎ ‎7．    Have you ever asked him the reason ______ may explain his being late.‎ A.why    B.that    C.for which    D.what 析：此题易误选A、C，因为先行词是the reason,但细观察分析，定语从句缺少主语，所以答案是B。注意what不能引导定语从句。‎ ‎8．    Farming is difficult ______ there is no rain.‎ A.where    B.in place    C.that    D.the place where 析：因为difficult是形容词，故其后不是定语从句。这儿的空白处应填引导状语从句where(＝in the place where),全句表达“在没有雨水的地方耕种困难”。这一意思，可见答案为A。‎ ‎9．    We need the same machine ______ in your factory.‎ A.which is being used           B.as is being used  ‎ ‎   C.that is being used            D.as it is being used ‎   析：根据“the same＋先行词”后跟as引导定语从句的原则，可知答案为B。‎ ‎10．______ the people,not things ______ are most important.‎ A.There are;who    B.Those are;that    C.It is;that    D.It was;who 析：仔细观察分析题目，可知只有C构成强调句才有成立。当我们要检验视其为强调句的判断是否正确时，只要将“It is (或was)…that”这三个词去掉，剩下部分读 起来正确无误，则证明判断是正确的，反之是错误的。此题如不填“It is…that”三词，句子是The people,not things are most important.语义完整正确，说明选C是对的。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 名词从句、定语从句专练 ‎1.______ surprised me most was the news ______ our team won.‎ ‎  A.That;that    B.What;which    C.What;that    D.That;which ‎2.This is the only book ______ I want to read.‎ ‎  A.which    B.that    C.what    D.as ‎3.The reason ______ I am so late is ______ the bus.‎ ‎  A. that;I didn?t catch           B.×;that I missed ‎  C.why;because I have missed      D.×;because my not catching ‎4.         The problem ______ has been completely settled.‎ A.which you thought              B.that you thought   ‎ C.about which you thought it     D.that you thought about ‎5.         Is this the tape－recorder you wish ______?‎ A.to have it repaired            B.to repair it C.to have repaired               D.repairing ‎6.         The electric toy ______ last month has gone out of order.‎ A.I bought it for him            B.which I bought to him C.I bought for him              D.that I bought to him ‎7.         His head soon appeared out of one of the second storey windows,______ he oculd see nothing but tress.‎ A.frm which    B.from where    C.where     D.from there ‎8.         Every minute ______ full use of to study our lessons will do our students good.‎ A.which makes    B.that is made    C.that made    D.what is made ‎9.         Will it be two months ______ we can get another one?‎ A.that    B.when    C.before    D.in which ‎10.After graduation we should go ______ our Party needs us most.‎ A.to the place which    B.in which    C.that    D.where ‎11.There is a popular belief among parents ______ schools are no louger interested ‎   in handwriting.‎ ‎  A.who    B.whose    C.that    D.which ‎12.He lent me a lot of maney,______ I couldn’t buy the TV set.‎ ‎  A.with it    B.for which    C.without which    D.by which ‎13.Water power stations are bulit ______ big water falls.‎ ‎  A.which are    B.which has    C.where there have    D.where there are ‎14.The direction ______ a force acts can be changed.‎ ‎  A.how    B.which    C.towards    D.×‎ ‎15.Was it yesterday ______ you received the letter from her?‎ ‎  A.when    B.which    C.on which    D.that ‎16.In the end she decided to sell the house ______ windows were almost broken.‎ ‎  A.which    B.that    C.of which    D.whose ‎17.That ______ you lent me wasn’t _____ I wanted.‎ ‎  A.that;all    B.which;all    C.that;what    D.which;that ‎18.Each time ______ they met,they would talk long hours together.‎ ‎  A.during    B.which    C.where   D.×‎ ‎ ‎ ‎19.This is the third week ______ for the rubbish.‎ ‎  A.that they didn’t come            B.they aren’t coming  ‎ ‎  C.they haven’t come                D.when they haven’t come ‎20.On the desk ______ a Chinese brush ______ he had made drawing.‎ ‎  A.lay;with which    B.lies;by which    C.laid;in which    D.lay;on which ‎21.We?ll never forget the days ______ we spent on the seashore.‎ ‎  A.during which    B.in which    C.when    D.×‎ ‎22.The beautiful church ______ we see there is very famous.‎ ‎  A.the tower which    B.of whose tower    C.the tower of which    D.of which tower ‎23.The 11th Asian Games, ______ China won 183 gold medals,was held in the autumn ‎  of 1990.‎ ‎  A.which    B.that    C.at which    D.at that ‎24.The only thing ______ is wrong with this is ______ a friend of mine said to me ‎   the other day.‎ ‎  A.which;what    B.what;that    C.that;what    D.that;which ‎25.Who is he man ______ is talking with John?‎ ‎  A.which     B.who    C.what    D.that ‎26.The farmer uses wood to build a house ______ to store grains.‎ ‎  A.with which    B.to where    C.which    D.in which ‎27.I really don?t know ______ I had my pocket picked.‎ ‎  A.where was it that           B.it was where that ‎  C.where it was that           D.was it where that ‎28.He insisted that he ______ right in doing that.‎ ‎  A.should be    B.was    C.would be    D.is ‎29.——Have you heard from Mary recently?‎ ‎   ——Yes,she said she was thinking ______ she should do next.‎ ‎  A.that    B.of what    C.what    D.how ‎30.Can you guess ______?‎ ‎  A.who that man is           B.who is that man   ‎ ‎  C.what is that man          D.whom that man is ‎31.Tom told his aunt that he ______ what he was doing during the time when he was ‎   in the country.‎ ‎  A.had just asked    B.had just been asked    C.was just asked    D.just asked ‎ ‎ ‎32.The reason ______ she gave for not being present was ______ the heavy snow ‎   prevented her coming.‎ ‎  A.×;because    B.why;because    C.×;that    D.why;whether ‎33.Air is to us ______ water is to fish.‎ ‎  A.what    B.that    C.which    D.is that ‎34.The free ticket will be sent to ______ comes first.‎ ‎  A.whoever    B.whomever    C.whosever    D.no matter who ‎35.______ is still unknown when the president will make a public speech.‎ ‎  A.It    B.That    C.He    D.What ‎36.I don?t know ______ is ______ I was born.‎ ‎  A.that;when    B.that;what    C.that;where    D.what;where ‎37.It is generally considered unwise to give a child ______ he or she wants.  ‎ ‎  A.however    B.whatever    C.whichever    D.whenever ‎38.Father made a promise ______ I passed the examination he would buy me a bicycle.‎ ‎  A.that    B.if    C.whether    D.that if ‎39.As many nembers ______ were present agreed to the plan.‎ ‎  A.who    B.that    C.which    D.as ‎40.______ can be seen from his face,he is quite satisfied.‎ ‎  A.That    B.It    C.Which    D.As ‎ ‎ 名词从句、定语从句专练答案 ‎1－5   C B B D C       6－10  C B B C D      11－15  C C D D D     ‎ ‎16－20  D B D C A      21－25  D C C C D     26－30  D C B B A ‎31－35  B C A A A      36－40  C B D D D