高考英语名词介词代词主谓一致

高考英语名词介词代词主谓一致

名词、主谓一致、介词、代词 名 词 ‎【要点点拨】‎ 一. 可数名词的复数构成规则:‎ ‎1.规则变化:加-s, -es; 辅音字母加y结尾的去y加ies;把f/ fe变成ves;‎ ‎(1)keys , three Henrys; stomachs; safes; beliefs; proofs; roofs; gulfs; chiefs; heroes; potatoes; tomatoes; Negroes; dingoes A ‎(2) 缩写,数字,字母等在后面加s或’s都可,如: some VIPs (VIP’s); in his 50s / 50’s; in the 1990s / 1990’s; There are two t’s in the word “letter”. ‎ ‎2.不规则变化:‎ (1) men , children , feet, teeth, geese, mice; oxen等;‎ (2) 单复数形式相同:sheep; deer; fish; means; works(工厂); Chinese; Japanese; Swiss; (teas, fruits, fishes, metals等表示种类);‎ ‎(3)只有复数形式:trousers, glasses(眼镜);remains(遗体/物);clothes; ashes; contents(目录); goods; customs(海关); arms(武器); ‎ ‎(4)复合名词的复数形式: shoe shops; lookers-on; grown-ups; passers-by; daughters-in-law ‎(5)表示某国人的复数形式:A:单复一样:Chinese / Japanese) B: 把man变成men : Englishmen; Frenchmen; C:其它加s (包括Germans)‎ 一、 不可数名词 ‎1.量的表示：用some / a little / much等表示数量的词（组）及单位名词（量词），用得较多的有piece, article, bottle, head, loaf, bar等：a piece of advice / bread / news / information / equipment / chalk / cloth / clothing / music / work / furniture / paper / wood / baggage; a loaf of bread; a bar of chocolate ; two head of cattle ‎2.不可数名词具体化： These games are great successes; The party was a great success.‎ 二、 名词的所有格：‎ ‎1.表示有生命的名词后加’s, 如一样东西为几人共有，则在最后一个名词后加’s: Jack and Tom’s room(两人共有的房间); Jack’s and Tom’s rooms（两人各自的房间）；表示无生命的名词的所有格用of表示：the windows of the room;‎ ‎(但表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命的名词后也可加’s: China’s industry; today’s paper; ten minutes’ walk)‎ ‎2.表示“某人家里”“某店铺”等的名词所有格后省略所修饰的名词：at my aunt’s (house); at the doctor’s (office); go to the chemist’s (shop);‎ ‎3.双重所有格：a / an / this / that / these / those / some / any / a few / no / every / several / such / another / which 等+名词+of +…..’s / 名词性物主代词（表示“部分”的概念或表示某种感情色彩，如：赞赏、讨厌等）；‎ 比较：‎ a friend of her mother’s她母亲的一个朋友（强调她母亲的朋友中的一位，为双重所有格）‎ a friend of her mother她母亲的朋友（强调两人间的关系，为of所有格）‎ a picture of his brother’s(他弟弟的所拥有的照片中的一张，照片上不一定是他本人)‎ a picture of his brother（他弟弟本人的一张照片，照片上就是他本人）‎ 三、 名词作定语修饰名词：前一个名词表示后一个名词的特点、性质及用途；‎ ‎(1)一般前面的名词用单数形式，复数加在后面主体名词上：shoe shop(s); story book(s); coffee cup(s); physics teacher(s); 个别名词修饰另外一个名词用复数形式：sales manager; sports meet; 由man / woman与另一个名词构成复合名词两者都变复数：men/ women doctors;‎ ‎ (2)比较名词作定语及形容词作定语的不同意义：‎ a dust bag ( a bag for dust) 装灰尘的袋子/ a dusty bag布满灰尘的袋子 a chemical change化学变化(具有化学性质的变化)/ a chemistry teacher( a teacher of chemistry)一个化学老师 a gold watch 一只金表(表材质)/ a golden watch一只金黄色的表 五.英语中”很多”的表达:‎ 只修饰可数名词:quite a few / a great many (of) / many / a (large / small) number of 只修饰不可数名词: a great deal of / a great amount of ( great amounts of) ‎ 既可修饰可数也可修饰不可数名词:plenty of / a lot of ( lots of ) / a (large) quantity of / large quantities of ‎ ‎【各个击破】‎ ‎1.No regular advertiser dare produce anything that fails to stick to the _____of his advertisement.‎ A. standard B. level C. message D. promise ‎2.-----What do you think of his composition?‎ ‎ ------Much better, but there’s still some ______for improvement.‎ A. space B. room C. area D. place ‎3. Sometimes doctors make higher ______ for their work than they should.‎ A. bills B. charges C. costs D. prices ‎4. The ______of a big snake made her frightened, so she sat there still.‎ A. sight B. look C. view D. scene ‎5.No ______ she fell ill, considering that she had been overworking for years.‎ A. problem B. way C. wonder D. matter ‎6. -----How is it that you lost your way?‎ ‎ ------When I came to the crossroads, I went the wrong ________.‎ A. way B. direction C. distance D. path ‎7. Little Tom asked me for small _________ for his _________piece, so I gave him ________.‎ A. change; ten pennies; ten pence B. changes; ten pennies; ten pence C. change; ten pence; ten pennies D. changes; ten pence; ten pennies ‎8. Will you please tell me _______you are talking about?‎ A. which Zhang Yimou’s film B. which film of Zhang Yimou C. which film of Zhang Yimou’s D. zhang Yimou’s which film ‎9. The baby broke a _______which is made of _____just now.‎ A. tea cup; glass B. cup of tea; glass C. tea’s cup; glasses D. tea cup; glasses ‎10. Look, Mother has just bought three _______ and _______.‎ A. fruit; lots of vegetables B. fruits; a number of vegetables C. fruit; a great many of the vegetables D. fruits; a great amount of vegetables ‎11. If you get the job you’ll have to make business ______every now and then.‎ A. journeys B. trips C. travels D. voyages ‎12. I listened to his lecture about biology , but I missed the key ______.‎ A. messages B. sense C. notes D. points ‎13. He is always full of ______as though he never knew tiredness.‎ A. strength B. force C. power D. energy ‎14.There has been a great _______ in the number of cars in our city in the past five years.‎ A. increase B. improvement C. result D. effect ‎15. I don’t think it’s my ______ that the TV doesn’t work. I just turned it off.‎ A. mistake B. fault C. duty D. error ‎16. ---- What’s the ______ of this pair of shoes?‎ ‎ ---- 500 yuan.‎ ‎ ---- Oh, it’s really too expensive.‎ ‎ ---- But it’s comfortable, so I think it’s good _______ for money.‎ A. cost; value B. price; value C. price; cost D. cost; price ‎17. How did you like the ________of the interpreter(口译员)at the conference on TV?‎ ‎ A. performance B. achievement C. material D. words ‎18.She is not in good _______for such heavy work.‎ A. state B. condition C. position D. situation ‎19.It’s bad _______ for a man to smoke in public places where smoking is not allowed.‎ A. manners B. action C. movement D. manner ‎20. Johnson is an honest businessman. Our company and his has had a lot of _______ in the past few years.‎ A. agreements B. sales C. deals D. bargains 主谓一致 ‎【要点点拨】‎ 英语句子中谓语动词的数必须与主语的人称和数取得一致，这就叫做主谓一致。解决主谓一致主要遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。‎ ‎1：either , neither , each , one , the other , another , anybody , anyone , anything , somebody , someone , something , everything ,everybody , everyone ,no one , nothing ,nobody  做主语时，谓语一般用单数。‎ Neither of the two sentences is correct .‎ Everything around us is matter .‎ ‎(注意：none , neither, all ,any作主语时，谓语可用单数，也可用复数，具体取决于说话人的意思。) None of them owns/own a car .‎ Neither of the boys are / is interested in geography.‎ All are here. And all that can be done has been done.‎ ‎2 ：表示“时间、距离、金额、重量、面积、体积、容积”等度量的名词做主语时，谓语用单数。‎ Five minutes is enough .‎ Four hundred francs is a lot of money .‎ ‎3：each …and each …，every …and every ;no …and no ;many a …and many a …等结构由于强调个体行为，因此谓语动词使用单数。‎ Each boy and each girl has got a new English-Chinese dictionary .‎ No sound and no voice is heard for a long time .‎ ‎4：从句、不定式、动名词或短语作主语时谓语动词使用单数形式。‎ To say something is one thing , to do it is another .（to say something , to do 是不定式）‎ ‎ “How do you do?” is not a question but a greeting .（How do you do ?是句子，作主语）‎ ‎ (注意：what 引导主语从句时应注意其所指的具体内容来确定谓语的单复数。)‎ What we need is more time ,while what they need are more doctors and medicines .‎ ‎5：one and a half 后面带名词的复数，谓语动词常用单数。‎ One and half bananas is left on the table .‎ ‎6：用and 连接的两个名词表示单一概念时谓语动词使用单数。‎ The headmaster and Party secretary is going abroad next month .‎ Bread and butter is my usual breakfast .‎ ‎7 ：有些名词呈复数形式，但并不表示复数概念。‎ The news is disappointing that a chemical works is to be built in the west of the city .‎ ‎8：名词由and 或both …and 连接主语时，谓语动词使用复数形式。‎ Both coffee and beer are on sale in the shop .‎ ‎9：people , public , police , cattle 做主语时，谓语动词习惯上使用复数。‎ The police have caught the murderer. And people are talking about the news.‎ 考点10：表示成双、成套的名词作主语时，谓语动词使用复数。‎ Your trousers are too long, but these shoes fit you quite well.‎ 但有a pair of 连接时，谓语动词使用单数。‎ A pair of gloves is a nice present for her.‎ ‎11: 不可数名词作主语，但前面有表示数量的复数名词修饰时，谓语动词用复数。‎ Three million tons of oil are exploited every year in the oil field.‎ ‎12: 在or , either ---or --- , neither--- nor --- ,not only --- but also --- , not --- but --- , there be 等结构中，采取就近原则，即谓语动词使用单数还是复数取决于最靠近的主语的单复数。‎ Either the teacher or the students are to blame.‎ Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.‎ 考点13 : 下列结构用于引起一个附加的成分，谓语动词的形式应不受附加成分的影响而于前面的主语取得一致: as well as ; rather than ; like ; except ; besides ; with ; along with ; including ; such --- as--- ;; ‎ No one but Jack and Mary knows about it .‎ I as well as they am ready to help you .‎ 考点14：some of ; plenty of ; a lot of ; most of ; the rest of ; all(of ) ; half (of );分数或百分之+of +名词做主语时，以名词的单复数为准。‎ A lot of students are waiting outside .And lots of the time has been wasted .‎ More than 70% of the earth’s surface is covered by water .‎ Ten percent of the apples are bad .‎ The rest of the story needs no telling .‎ He stayed at home and the rest of the boys were out at play .‎ ‎15：由a kind of ; this kind of ; many kinds of 和名词+ of this kind 等以及与kind 意思相近的type , sort 等构成的类似的短语做主语时，谓语动词与of 前的名词取得一致。‎ This kind of apple sells well in China .‎ Apples of this kind are highly priced .‎ ‎16：more than 开头的句子，看其后面的名词。‎ More than one answer is written on the blackboard .‎ More than two hundred soldiers were killed in the battle .‎ ‎17: 定语从句中谓语动词的形式与先行词一致，但one of +复数名词+who/ that / which 引导的定语从句的谓语动词的形式看one 的前面是否有the (only )等修饰语，有为单数，无为复数。‎ This is one of the best books that have appeared this year.‎ She is the only one of those women who doesn’t know a thing about knitting(编织) .‎ ‎18: population ; company ; class . team ; family ; group ; nation ; world ; government 等词做主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词使用单数；如果强调组成成员，谓语动词使用复数。‎ Our family has a reunion every year .‎ His family are waiting for him .‎ ‎19 ：the +形容词，表示一类人，谓语动词用复数;若指单数，则用单数谓语动词。‎ The rich are for the plan , but the poor are against it .‎ The true is to be distinguished from the false .‎ 真实应与假相区别。(the true / the false表单数概念)‎ ‎20：a number of + 复数名词 结构应用复数动词。the number of + 复数名词 结构应用单数动词。如：‎ A number of people were killed and injured in the explosion .‎ The number of people who were killed in the tsunami(海啸) has grown to 160,000. ‎ ‎【各个击破】‎ ‎1.——Have you heard that Tian Liang , along with his parents , _______ to Canada ?‎ ‎——Really ? No wonder I haven’t seen him these days .‎ A. has been B. has gone C. have been D. have gone ‎2.Over three-quarter of the city _______ destroyed in the Iraq War .‎ A. is B. are C. were D. was ‎ ‎3.This kind of stories ________ instructive while stories of that kind ________ harmful to children .‎ A. is ; seems B. are ; seem C. is ; seem D. are ; seems ‎ ‎4.Everybody in our hometown , men and women , young and old , ________ sports and games .‎ A. are fond of B. joins C. enjoys D. go in for ‎ ‎5.The Whites’ family , which _______ rather a large one , ________ very fond of their house .‎ A. were ; were B. was ; were C. were; was D. was ; was ‎6.Not his son but his two daughters ________ to Canada , never to be seen again .‎ A. has gone B. have gone C. has been D. have been ‎ ‎7.When the injured _______ to the hospital ,, they came to ________.‎ A. was rushed ; life B. were rushed ; life C. rushed ; lives D. were rushed ; lives ‎ ‎8.Despite much research , there are still certain elements in the life cycle of the insect that _______ not fully understood .‎ A. are B. were C. is D. was ‎ ‎9. _________ visitors to Hong Kong were asked by newspaper reporters what their impressions of ‎ the people were.‎ A. The number of B. A numbers of C. Numbers of D. Any numbers of ‎ ‎10. Though small , the ant is as much as a creature as _________ all other animals on earth .‎ A. are B. is C. do D. have ‎ ‎11. Between the two rows of trees _______ the teaching building .‎ A. have B. has C. stands D. are ‎ ‎12.Every possible means _________ tried but without much result .‎ A. have been B. had C. has D. has been ‎ ‎13.The rest of the story ________ no telling . Half of the students _______ no interest in it .‎ A. need ; has B. needs ; have C. needs ; has D. need ; have ‎ ‎14. John and Mary, ___ sure to come to our party this evening.‎ A. be B. are C. is D. to be ‎15. This is the only one of the books on the subject ________ ever been written in English .‎ A. that has B. which have C. that have D. which is ‎ ‎16.Every boy and every girl as well as some teachers who ____ to visit the museum____ asked to be at the school gate before 6:30 in the morning.‎ A. are, are B. is , is C. are, is D. is , are ‎17. A great many people_______ present at the meeting . But many a man ________ late for the meeting because of the traffic jam .‎ A. are ; are B. is; is C. were ; was D. was ; are ‎ ‎18. He is the only one of the children who often ________ ill of others behind their backs .‎ A. have spoken B. were speaking C. speaks D. speak ‎ ‎19. It’s I who ________ the Christmas gift to you .‎ A. has sent B. have sent C. is going to fetch D. are going to fetch ‎ ‎20. What were your problems a year ago _______ mine now .‎ A. has become B. have become C. becomes D. became ‎ 介 词 ‎【要点点拨】‎ 复习时要把握三点：‎ A. 要注意理解情景意义：同一介词可表达多种意义，同一场合意义不同则介词不同。‎ He hasn’t come for a month .(for 持续时间)‎ The day is warm for April .（for 就……而言）‎ B. 要突破几个关键介词in , on , at , with , by , from , of , to , for .‎ ‎1 . 表示时间的：at; in ; on , since , from , to , after , within , during , throughout , towards , over , by , till ;‎ ‎2 . 表示穿越的:through , across , over ‎ ‎3．表示地理位置的：in ; on; to ;‎ ‎4． 表示原因、目的的：for ;with ; from ;‎ ‎5. 表示关于的:about , concerning , regarding , with regard to , as for ,as to ;‎ ‎6. 表示根据：on ; according to ;‎ ‎7. in the corner ;on the corner , at the corner 的区别 ‎8．between 和among ‎ ‎9．besides ;except ; but ;except for ‎ ‎10．in 和with ‎ C. 要注意介词搭配，集中归纳，反复练习。‎ ‎1. 固定与to 构成搭配的名词：key , answer , visit , apology , introduction ,note , etc.‎ ‎2. 与on 有关的：mercy , congratulations ‎ ‎3. 与at有关的：angry , good , bad , clever , terrified , surprised ;‎ ‎4. 与of 有关的：afraid , sure , full , tired , fond , proud , worthy , certain ;‎ ‎5. 与with 有关的：angry , strict , careful , busy , poplar ;‎ ‎6. 与to 有关的：next, good , polite , kind , cruel , rude , known , anxious , married , close , near ,‎ ‎ similar, due ;‎ ‎7. 与for 有关的：sorry , good , free , fit , unfit , eager, anxious , hungry ;‎ ‎8. 与from 有关的：far , different , free, safe , absent , tired .‎ ‎【各个击破】‎ ‎1.---What do you want _______ those old boxes ?‎ ‎--- To put things in when I move to the new flat .‎ A. by B. for C. of D. with ‎ ‎2.Luckily , the bullet narrowly missed the captain ________ an inch .‎ A. by B. at C. to D. from ‎ ‎3.The train leaves at 6:00pm, so I have to be at the station _______ 5:30 pm.‎ A. until B. after C. by D. around ‎ ‎4.The little boy was quite alone in the world ________ an aunt in the United States .‎ A. except for B. except C. besides D. except that ‎ ‎5.________ his great surprise , his shop was robbed ________ computers .‎ A. To ; of B. For ; of C. From ; with D. To ; with ‎ ‎6.We offered him our congratulations _________ his passing the driving test .‎ A. at B. for C. of D. on ‎ ‎7. Einstein’s special theory of relativity is quite _______ me .‎ A. for B. beyond C. to D. against ‎ ‎8. How much did you pay ________ the tickets ________ tonight’s New Year Concert ?‎ A. for; for B. for ; to C. for ; of D. to ; for ‎ ‎9. He has been caught ________ the rain and is wet ________ skin .‎ A. by ; to B. in ; to C. in ; through D. with ; in ‎ ‎10. ---How long have you been like this ? ‎ ‎ ---_______ last Friday .‎ A. From B. Since C. In D. After ‎ ‎11. Besides being able to walk on for three days without drinking , camels can also live for a long time ________ small quantities of food .‎ A. with B. on C. by D. without ‎ ‎12. I’m sorry it’s ________ my power to make a final decision on the project .‎ A. over B. above C. off D. beyond ‎ ‎13. ---Did you lose the match ?‎ ‎---Yes , we lost the match _______ one goal .‎ A. by B. at C. with D. only ‎ ‎14. The study you have been making ________ the living things in the ocean is an instructive job .‎ A. to B. for C. of D. from ‎ ‎15. I felt it rather difficult to take a stand ________ the opinion of the majority .‎ A. to B. by C. in D. against ‎ ‎16. ---Your daughter is tall enough ________ her age. ‎ ‎ ---Yes. I was much ________ when I was her age.‎ A. for ; taller B. at ; taller C. at ; shorter D. for ; shorter ‎ ‎17.---When will the game begin ?‎ ‎ ---It will begin later than usual _______ ten minutes .‎ A. in B. on C. by D. at ‎ ‎18.---Is your grandma still with you ?‎ ‎--- No . She still prefers to live in the countryside _________ all its disadvantages .‎ A. for B. except C. with D. to ‎ ‎19. Let’s keep in touch . You can reach me ________ this number .‎ A. at B. on C. from D. in ‎ ‎20.---Miss Li , Jack is ill , so he can’t come to school .‎ ‎---Then we’ll begin our class _________ him .‎ A. except for B. apart from C. except D. without ‎ ‎21.---It’s so noisy upstairs .Peter , better go and see what they have been up ________.‎ ‎---OK . ‎ A. to B. in C. with D. for ‎ ‎22.---What’s your favorite sport? ---Jogging . I run _________ the river every morning .‎ A. around B. on C. along D. in ‎ ‎23. _________ running , learning English needs will .‎ A. As with B. As to C. As for D. As if ‎ ‎24. ________ left before the deadline , it doesn’t seem likely that he will finish the job .‎ A. Though such a short time B. Because such a short time ‎ C. With such a short time D. As such a short time ‎ ‎25.He reminded me _______ the time _______ the meeting .‎ A. at ; at B . of; of C. in ; in D. at ; in ‎ ‎26.The sun will rise ________ about a quarter of an hour .‎ A. on B. in C. after D. at ‎ ‎27.Liu Xiang’s parents were overjoyed and burst ______ tears _______ the news of their son’s victory in the Olympic Games .‎ A. into ; at B. out ; for C. forth ; on D. to ; after ‎ ‎28.Hellen used to be a shy girl , but she has grown _______ it now.‎ A. without B. over C. away D. out of ‎ ‎29.This is the Audi car __________ she came here .‎ A. by which B. by that C. in which D. with which ‎ ‎30. My house is ________ a stone’s throw from school , so I often go to school _______ foot .‎ A. within ; on B. to ; by C. on ; on D. of ; with ‎ ‎31. We went on a picnic ________ the heavy rain .‎ A. although B. in spite of C. because of D. for ‎ ‎32. ---Can I borrow some money from you ?‎ ‎ --- You’re already in debt _________ me for sixty dollars .‎ A. to B. for C. from D. by ‎ ‎33.His best -known work that is ________ all praise can be seen in the museum .‎ A. without B. beyond C. with D. within ‎ ‎34.He likes his coffee with sugar ; I like mine ________.‎ A. not B. of no C. none D. without ‎ ‎35. Without a thorough grasp ________biology , a student cannot hope to study medicine .‎ A. in B. for C. of D. with ‎ ‎36.We decided to climb the mountain , but _______ second thought realized that it was too dangerous .‎ A. after B. on C. in D. at ‎ ‎37._________ success I don’t mean what is usually thought of when that word is used .‎ A. In B. By C. With D. For ‎ ‎38.Mr. Smith apologized _________ the children ________ the lady ________ what they had done .‎ A. for ; to ; to B. for ; to ; for C. to ; to ; for D. to ; for ; for ‎ ‎39.We live _______ a small river that flows ________ the Thames .‎ A. in ; into B. on ; into C. at ; onto D. in; onto ‎ ‎40.________ curiosity , I went to the customer service counter and asked why .‎ A. Beyond B. Besides C. Apart from D. Out of ‎ ‎41. Mr. Johnson goes to work very early in the morning and goes on working until late in the afternoon _________ a break at midday .‎ A. with B. for C. as D. through ‎ ‎42.The manned spacecraft “Shenzhou V”,________ China greets the 21st century , marks new progress in the century’s space program.‎ A. for which B. from which C. in which D. with which ‎ ‎43. He might have been killed ________ the arrival of the police .‎ A. except for B. apart from C. but for D. in spite of ‎ ‎44. Isn’t _________ rude ______ him to talk to his mother like that ?‎ A. that ; for B. that ; of C. it ; for D. it ; of ‎ ‎45.Theory is based on practice and ______ turn serves practice .‎ A. on B. in C. by D. at 代 词 ‎【要点点拨】‎ ‎1、在定语从句中，当先行词是代词he / she / those / anyone等时，从句的引导词指人时用 who, 指物时用that。‎ ‎ e.g. Those who know the answer can go on with the other exercises.‎ ‎ He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.‎ ‎ Anything that benefits the people will be accepted.‎ ‎2、all ( both, every, each)…… not = not all ( both, every, each) 构成部分否定，他们的全部否定分别是：none, neither, no one ( nothing)‎ e.g. Not all the students could understand his explanation. ‎ ‎ Each child can not go to school in the mountain village.‎ ‎3、 含有else的所有格有以下几种表示法：somebody else’s, anybody else’s, nobody else’s ; who else’s = whose else ‎4、定代词作主语，代词可用：it（指物） 、he（指人） 、they（指人、物）‎ e.g. Everyone knows how to do it, doesn’t he/ don’t they?‎ 4、 all 作主语时的数：代替可数名词，是复数；代替不可数名词，是单数；作“所…的一切”解释时，不可数，动词用单数。‎ 5、 身代词：by oneself: 亲自、独自、自动地； of oneself: 自动地； be oneself: 身体好 help oneself (to…): 自助、自己拿……； in itself: 本质上、就其本身而言。‎ e.g. The man is too old to live by himself. / The door closed of itself.‎ ‎ I’m not quite myself today. / The question in itself is not very difficult.‎ ‎6. 用人称代词简略回答时，要用人称代词的宾格。 ‎ e.g. ---- Who is knocking at the door? ---- Me, Tom.‎ Me to play Pingpong with him?‎ ‎7. The rest、The remainder作主语时，谓语动词取决于它们所替代的名词。‎ e.g. I have read half of the book. The rest is to be finished in a week.‎ ‎ Several people were saved, but the remainder were still inside the burning house.‎ 区别以下几组词：‎ ‎1、none, nothing, no one(nobody) ‎ ‎ none：（指三个以上之中）没有任何（人、物），常用来否定回答以How many/ How much…?‎ 引起的疑问句。可以后接介词短语of…；作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数也可以用复数。‎ e.g. ---- How many sheep did you see on the hill? ---- None. ‎ ‎---- Please give me some ink. ---- Sorry, there is none(no ink) left.‎ None of the students could answer the question, which made the teacher disappointed ‎ nothing：（视为单数）没什么，无事 e.g. After the fire, nothing was left on the hills.‎ Nothing did he say and he went home silently.‎ ‎ no one= nobody：没有一个人，只能指人，是单数，常用来否定回答Who…?的疑问句，后面不可接of介词短语。‎ ‎ e.g. ---- Who broke the window? ---- No one. It broke of itself.‎ ‎2、it / they， one / ones， the one / the ones ，that / those it / they：用来指前面所提及的名词本身，起替代作用，避免重复；‎ e.g. He bought a pen. It cost him 50 yuan. / He has two brothers. They are both workers.‎ one / ones：用来指前面所提及的可数名词中的一个或几个，是泛指; 还可以泛指人。‎ ‎ e.g. ---- Do you have a camera? ---- No, but my father has one.‎ ‎ A chair made of iron is usually heavier than one made of wood.‎ ‎ One can not be too careful when crossing the road.‎ the one / the ones：用来特指前面所提及的可数名词中的一个或几个。‎ ‎ e.g. ---- I’m looking for a pen. ---- How do you like the one in the box?‎ ‎ ---- Who are the boys? ---- You mean the ones playing basketball?‎ that / those： “that” 用来替代前面出现过的可数名词单数= the one或不可数名词，以避免重复；“those” 用来替代前面出现过的可数名词复数= the ones，以避免重复。‎ ‎ e.g. The price of a pen is often higher than that of a pencil.‎ ‎ The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai.‎ ‎ The students in Class Two are more hard-working than those(the ones) in Class One.‎ ‎3、some / any, everybody / anybody 习惯上，some和everybody用于肯定句，any和 anybody用于疑问、否定句。‎ 但当some用于疑问句时，表示对所涉及的名词持肯定态度，everybody用于疑问句时，译为“大家、每个人”。 e.g. Is everybody pleased with the show?‎ 试比较：Do you have any water? (对water持怀疑态度)‎ ‎ ---- Do you like some more water? ---- No, thanks. (对water持肯定态度)‎ ‎ any和anybody也可以用于肯定句。当它们用于肯定句时，有很强的强调口气。‎ ‎ e.g. ---- When shall we meet again? ---- Any time you like.‎ ‎ Anybody here knows how to treat a stranger.‎ 4、 who / whoever , what / whatever , which / whichever, whom / whomever ‎ who / what / which/ whom是疑问词，引起的句子具有疑问色彩；whoever / whatever / whichever /whomever 是代词，并不引起疑问句，而用来引导名词性从句或让步状语从句。 ‎ ‎ e.g. Who will teach us English is still unknown.‎ ‎ Whoever did it will be punished. / Whoever did it, he will be punished.‎ ‎ What would you do if you had that sum of money? / Whatever you do, do it well. ‎ ‎5、other / others; the other / the others ; another other：作代词时，一般不单独使用，而必须与any, some, no 等连用。‎ ‎ e.g. He is no other but Tom. / These are all we have, we have no other(s).‎ others：常与some连用，表示：一些……其它的……。‎ ‎ e.g. Some people like fishing, some like boating, others skating.‎ the other: 与one连用，构成词组：one…the other：指两者中“一个……另一个……”‎ the others: 指在一定范围中的“其余的”。‎ ‎ e.g. In our class some students are good at maths, some are good at Chinese, the others are good at physics.‎ another: 是形容词，“另一个、在一个”，一般作定语，既可以修饰单数名词，又可以修饰复数名词，还可以修饰数词。‎ ‎ e.g. We stayed in New York for another three weeks. / Please have another apple.‎ ‎ 当another修饰单数名词时，在上下文意思明确的情况下，可以把名词省略，这时another起代词作用。‎ ‎ e.g. After eating an apple, I had another (one).‎ ‎6、all ; both ; each ; every ; either all：指三者或三者以上的所有，可以作形容词修饰名词复数，作代词，可作主语、宾语或同位语；后可接of介词短语。‎ both：指“两者都”，可以作形容词修饰名词复数，作代词，可作主语、宾语或同位语；后可接of介词短语。‎ each：“每一个”，一般指两者中的每一个，也可指许多中的每一个；可以作形容词修饰名词单数，作代词，可作主语、宾语或同位语；后可接of介词短语。‎ ‎ e.g. There are trees on each side / both sides of the river.‎ ‎ Each of us has a chance to go to university.‎ ‎ We each have a dictionary.‎ every：指三者或三者以上中的每一个，是形容词，只能作定语，后面不能接of介词短语。‎ either：指“两者中一个”或“两者中无论哪一个”，可以作形容词修饰名词单数，作代词作主语、宾语；后可接of介词短语。‎ ‎ e.g. If you keep still, you can sit on either end of the boat.‎ ‎ I don’t like either of them. Do you have any other blouse?‎ ‎【各个击破】‎ ‎1. ---- Do you want tea or coffee?‎ ‎ ---- _____ . I really don’t mind.‎ ‎ A. Both B. None C. Either D. Neither ‎2. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter ______ it was?‎ ‎ A. where B. what C. how D. which ‎3. ---- You’re always working. Come on, let’s go shopping.‎ ‎ ---- _______ you ever want to do is going shopping.‎ ‎ A. Anything B. Something C. All D. That ‎4. The boss decided to dismiss two workers: ________ .‎ ‎ A. you and Tom B. I and you C. Mary and I D. she and you ‎5. I don’t care for ______ of the hats. Would you show me a third one?‎ ‎ A. all B. none C. either D. both ‎6. I now do not accept ______ that is offered to me, I only choose those useful.‎ ‎ A. anything B. any C. whatever D. everything ‎7. A school is an exciting place, ____ in which new talents are being discovered every day.‎ ‎ A. and B. that C. there D. one ‎8. ---- How much vinegar did you put in the salad?‎ ‎ ---- I’m sorry to say, _______. I forgot.‎ ‎ A. no B. nothing C. no one D. none ‎9. ---- Is this umbrella yours?‎ ‎ ---- No, mine is here. It must be ________. ‎ ‎ A. someone’s B. someone’s else C. someone else’s D. someone’s else’s ‎10.Our feelings were ___________ .‎ ‎ A. the same as they B. same as theirs C. same as they D. the same as theirs ‎11. You can reach the town ______ road you take.‎ ‎ A. whatever B. what C. whichever D. which ‎12. ______ who wish to go swimming may sign up here.‎ ‎ A. Any person B. Those C. Anyone D. These ‎13. Now that the new machines have been bought, _____ will you do with the old _____ ?‎ ‎ A. how ; ones B. how ; one C. what ; one D. what ; ones ‎14. The thieves ran away separately, _____ carrying a bag.‎ ‎ A. all B. each C. every D. either ‎15. ---- Did anybody ask for me during my absence?‎ ‎ ---- Yes, ______ called Black asked to see you.‎ ‎ A. he B. it C. one D. that