归类复习参考高考英语核心动词

归类复习参考高考英语核心动词

改革开放的三十多年，我国经济得到了巨大的发展，已经从依赖资源、廉价劳动力的时代进入知识经济时代。知识经济条件下，创新将成为经济增长的根本所在。何以创新？人力资源管理成为关键。公司若要在竞争的社会中立于不败之地，必须把人才资源放在第一位，只有有效、合理、科 高考英语核心动词归类 动词是英语中最活跃的词类，是句子的核心成分。此外，英语动词的变化较多，形式颇为复杂，是英语学习的难点之一。历届高考英语试题常把动词作为测试的重点， ‎ 在单项填空题中所占比例在50%以上。笔者通过对近十年来的高考英语试题进行分析，归纳常考动词十五类，供大家参考。‎ 一、连系动词类 连系动词按其所表示的意义可分为以下四种：‎ ‎1．变化类 表事物发展变化的过程，如become，go，turn，grow，get，fall等。‎ ‎2．感觉类 表人体部位的感受，如feel，smell，taste，look，sound等。‎ ‎3．状态类 表事物所处的状态，如keep，come，run，remain，stand，lie，stay，prove等。‎ ‎4．外表特征类 表外表给人的印象，如appear，seem，look等。‎ 连系动词的作用是后接形容词或相当于形容词的结构作表语。除了少数几个(如feel，get，become，grow等)外，不用于进行时态和被动结构。例如：‎ The mixture is tasted terrible. (误)‎ The mixture tastes terrible (正)‎ Jim pretended to be falling asleep when his mother came in. (误)‎ Jim pretended to fall/be sleep when his mother came in. (正)‎ I'm feeling much better than ever before.‎ It was getting darker and darker. Besides, a cold rain began to fall.‎ ‎【高考例题】‎ ‎(1)[NMET1994]—Do you like the material?‎ ‎—Yes, it _____ very soft.‎ A.is feeling　　B.felt　　C.feels　　D.is felt ‎(2) [NMET2003]Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge?‎ It will _____ fresh for several days.‎ A.be stayed　　　　B.stay C.be staying　　　　D.have stayed ‎(3) [2004春上海]The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _____ as the plane was making a landing.‎ A.seat 　B.seating　C.seated　D.to be seating ‎(4) [2002北京]Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may _____ run over by a car.‎ A.have　　 B.get 　 C.become　　 D.passed ‎(5)[2004天津]Happy birthday, Alice. So you have _____ twenty-one already.‎ A.become B.turned　　C.grown　D.passed ‎ (6)[2004全国Ⅱ]Sarah, hurry up. I′m afraid you can't have time to _____ before the party.‎ A.get changed　　　　　　B.get change C.get changing　　　　　　D.get to change ‎(7)[2004湖北]On hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine, she _____ pale.‎ A.got　B.changed　C.went　D.appeared ‎(8)[2004上海]The flowers _____ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.‎ A.to smell B.smelling C.smelt D.to be smelt ‎(9) [2002春上海]Although he has taken a lot of medicine, his health _____ poor.‎ A.proves B.remains C.maintains D.continues ‎(10)I love to go to the seaside in summer. It _____ good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea.‎ A.does　　B.feels　　C.gets　　D.makes ‎(11) [2005浙江]—Owe! I've burned myself!‎ ‎—How did you do that?‎ ‎—I _____ a hot pot.‎ A.touched　　B.kept　　C.felt　　D.held Key:CBCBB ACBBBA 二、感官动词类 常考的感官动词有see，watch，notice，observe，hear，feel，find，catch等。感官动词的主要作用是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语，表达不同的含义。‎ ‎1.后接不带to的不定式表示一个发生过或者还没发生具体的动作。‎ I often heard the song sung，but I have never heard you sing it．‎ When you go to watch the football watch，you will enjoy seeing the Chinese football team win．‎ ‎2.后接v.-ing形式表正在进行的动作。‎ Seeing the sun rising above the surface of the sea，we let ont a shout of joy.‎ Hearing this，I felt my heart beating fast．‎ ‎3.后接v.-ed形式表被动意义。‎ ‎ After his return twenty years later, he found his hometown greatly changed.‎ Although I had learnt some English, I had never heard a word of it spoken.‎ ‎【高考例题】‎ ‎(1)[NMET2000]The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _______ the next year.‎ A.carry out　　　　B.carrying out C.carried out　　　D.to carry out ‎(2)[NMET2003]A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ______ in the kitchen.‎ A.smoke　　　　　B.smoking C.to smoke　　　　D.smoked ‎(3)The missing boys were last seen _______ near the river.‎ A.playing　　　　　B.to be playing C.play　　　　　　D.to play ‎(4)[NMET1993]The salesman scolded the girl who was caught ______ and let her off.‎ A.to have stolen　　　B.to be stealing C.to steal 　　　　　D.stealing ‎(5) [2004春北京]He looked around and caught a man ________ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.‎ A.put 　　　　　　　B.to be putting C.to put 　　　　　　D.putting Key: CBADD 三、使役动词类 表“致使”意义的动词称之为使役动词，如make，let，have，keep，leave，set，send等。使役动词的作用是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语，表达不同的含义。分以下三种情况。‎ ‎1.make，let have等后接不带to的不定式，表“使／让某人／某物做某事”。‎ Don't make him do it if he doesn't want to．‎ If you have any problems，just let me know．‎ 在被动结构中不定式须带to，但是have不用于被动结构中。‎ He was made to apologize to the guest．‎ ‎2.have，keep，leave，send，set，get等后接v.-ing形式，表持续性动作。‎ I'm sorry to keep you waiting for so long.‎ Why do you have him worrying about his lessons?‎ ‎3.have，keep，leave等后接v-ed形式，表被动含义。‎ He didn't keep on asking me the time until he had had his watch repaired．‎ I’ll keep you informed as soon as I have the news．‎ ‎【高考例题】‎ ‎(1)[2004天津]Don't leave the water ______ while you brush your teeth．‎ A.run　　B.runnig C.being run　D.to run ‎(2) [2004重庆]Laws that punish parents for their children's actions against the laws get parents ‎ A.worried 　　　　B.to worry ‎ C.worrying　　　　　D.worry ‎ ‎ (3)[2003春安徽]—Why did you go back to the shop?‎ ‎—I left my friend ______ there .‎ ‎ A.waiting B.to wait C.wait 　D.waits ‎ (4)[NMET1991]It was so cold that they kept the fire ______ all night.‎ ‎ A.to burn　B.burn　C.burning　D.burned ‎ ‎ (5)[NMET1989]—Good morning, can I help you?‎ ‎ —I'd like to have this package ______, madam.‎ A.be weighed　　　　B.weighing C.weighed　　　　　D.to weigh ‎ (6)[NMET1991]The speaker raised his voice but still couldn't make himself.‎ A.hear　　B.to hear　　C.hearing　　D.heard ‎(7)[1994上海]As you have never been there hefore, I'll have someone _______ you the way.‎ A.show　　　　　　　B.to show C.showing 　　　　　D.showed ‎(8)[NMET1995]Paul doesn't have to be made ______. He always works hard.‎ A.learn　B.to learn　C.learned　D.learning ‎(9)[1999上海]A computer can do only what thinking people ______.‎ ‎ A.have it do　　　　B.have it done ‎ C.have done it　　　D.having it done ‎(10)[1998上海]Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ______ went wrong.‎ A.it 　　　　　　B.it repaired C.repaired 　　　　D.to be repaired ‎(11)[2005福建]If anyone happens to drop in while I'm out,______ him or her leave a messase.‎ A.have　　　B.get　　C.ask　　　D.tell Key:BCACC DABACA 四、含情感色彩的动词 这类动词有excite，inspire，encourage，interest，satisfy，delight，please，move，frighten，surprise，amaze，astonish，shock，worry，astonish，disappoint，discourage，exhaust，puzzle，tire，terrify等。情感动词后接指人的名词或代词作宾语，有v.-ing和v.-ed两种形式，在句中作宾语和表语，v.-ing形式指人，v.-ed形式则指事物。‎ The story was so moving that everyone present was movedto tears.‎ ‎ What disappointing result! We were all disappointed with it.‎ Climbing a hill was tiring and we were tired when we reached the summit.‎ ‎[高考例题]‎ ‎(l)[2000春北京]Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does _____ his boss.‎ A.serves　B.satisfies　C.promises　D.supports ‎(2)[2002春NMET]—l'm very _____ vith my own cooking. It looks nice smells delicious.‎ ‎—Mm,it does have a _____ smell.‎ A.pleasant; pleased　　　B.pleased; pleased C.pleasant; pleasant　　　D.pleased; pleasant ‎(3) [2003春北京]Mr. Smith, _____ of the _____ speech, started to read a novel.‎ A.tired; boring　　　　　B.tiring; bored C.tired; bored 　　　　　D.tiring; boring ‎(4)[2003上海]It is believed that if a book is ______, it will surely ____ the reader.‎ A.interested; interest ‎ B.interesting; be interested C.interested; be interesting 　‎ D.interesting; interest ‎ ‎(5)[2004春上海]After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home ________.‎ A.being exhausted 　　B.exhausted C.exhausting 　　　　D.having exhausted Key: BDADB 五、后接不定式动词类 afford, agree, choose, determine, expect, decide, learn,offer, mange, hope, want, wish, promise, refuse, fail, pretend, happen 等动词，后跟不定式作宾语。‎ Thank you for offering to help,but I can manage myself.‎ He learned to ride a bieycle when he was a small boy.‎ ‎(1)[NMET1995]We agreed _____ here but so far she hasn't turned up yet.‎ A.having met 　　　　B.meeting C.to meet 　　　　　　D.to have met ‎(2)[NMET1992]Little Jim should love _____ to the theatre this evening.‎ A.to be taken　　　　　　B.to take C.being taken 　　　　D.taking ‎(3)[2004辽宁]I don't know whether you happen ______, but I'm going to study in the U. S. A. this September.‎ A.to be heard 　　　　B.to be hearing C.to hear 　　　　　　D.to have heard ‎(4)[NMET1989]She pretended ______ me when I passed by.‎ A.not to see 　　　　　B.not seeing C.to not see 　　　　　D.having not seen ‎(5)[2001上海]Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _____ everything.‎ A.to tell 　　　　　　　B.to be told C.to be telling 　　　　　D.to have been told ‎(6)[2005天津]I don't want _____ like I'm speaking ill of anybody. but the manager's plan is unfair.‎ A.to sound　　　　　　B.to be sounded C.sounding　　　　　　D.to have sounded Key: CADADA 六、后边v.-ing形式动词类 该类动词常考的有appreciate, avoid, bear, consider, dislike, delay, enjoy, escape, finish, hate, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, postphone, resist, risk, stand, suggest等。这些动词须接v.-ing形式作宾语。例如：‎ I don't mind wailing, but I've got to stand in the cold wind.‎ Have you considered making some necessary changes to your plan?‎ Only by practising speaking English every, day can you expect to improve your spoken English.‎ ‎【高考例题】‎ ‎(1) I would appreciate _____ back this afternoon.‎ A.you to call　 　　　B.you call C.your calling 　　　D.you're calling ‎(2)[1996上海]While shopping, people sometimes can't help _____ ‎ into buying something they don't really need.‎ A.to persuade 　　　　　B.persuading C.being persuaded 　　　D.be persuaded ‎(3)[1992上海]He has always insisted on his _____ Dr. turner instead of Mr. Turner.‎ A.been called　　　　　　B.called C.being called 　　　　　D.having called ‎(4)[2004上海]I really appreciate ______ to relax with you on this nice island.‎ A.to have had time　　　　B.having time C.to have time 　　　　　D.to having time ‎(5)[1994上海]Do you mind _____ alone at home?‎ A.Jane leaving 　　　　　B.Jane having left C.Jane's being left 　　　　D.Jane to be left ‎(6)[NMET1991]I can hardly imagine Peter _____ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.‎ A.sail　　　　　　　　　B.to sail C.sailing 　　　　　　　D.to have sailed Key: CBCBCC 七、后接不定式与v.-ing形式意义不同动词类 remember，try，regret，mean forget，stop，go on，can't help等后接不定式与v.-ing形式作宾语，表达含义不同。见下表：‎ 动词 接动名词作宾语 接不定式作宾语 remember 过去发生的动作 将来的动作 try 尝试做某事 努力做某事 regret 对做过的事表示后悔 对要做的事表示遗憾 mean 意味着做某事 企图（打算）做某事 can't help 禁不住做某事 不能帮助做某事 go on 继续做未完成的事情 做完一件事后，接着做另一件事 forget 忘记以前曾做过某事 忘记做某事 stop 中断正在做的事情 中断正在做的事，去做别的事 例如：‎ I remember being pad，but I've forgotten the exactamount．‎ Please remember to send me a photo of your son the next time you write to me.‎ I don't really mean to work here，which means leaving the job soon afterwards.‎ ‎【高考例题】‎ ‎（1）[NMET1991]—The light in the office is still on.‎ ‎—Oh，I forgot _____.‎ A. turning it off　　　　　B. turn it off C. to turn it off　　　　D. having turned it off ‎ ‎（2）[NMET1995]—You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.‎ ‎—Well，now I regret____＿that.‎ A. to do　　　　　　　　B. to be doing C. to have done　　　　　D. having done ‎（3）[1997上海]She can't help＿the house because she's busy making a cake．‎ A. to clean　　　　　　　B. cleaning C. cleaned　　　　　　　D. being cleaned ‎（4）[NMET1992]—I usually go there by train.‎ ‎—Why not_____by boat for a change？‎ A. to try going　　　　　B. trying to go C.to try and go　　　　　D. try going ‎ ‎（5）[1999上海]—Let me tell you something about the journalists.‎ ‎—Don't you remember___＿me the story yesterday?‎ A. told B. telling C．to tell　D．to have told ‎（6）[NMET1992]The library needs_____，but I'll have to wait until Sunday.‎ A.cleaning　　　　　　B. be cleaned C. being cleaned　　　　D. clean ‎ ‎（7）[2002春上海]In some parts of London，missing a bus means for another hour.‎ A. waiting　B.to wait C.wait　D.to be waiting ‎ ‎（8）[NMET1990]She reached the top of the hill and stopped_____on a big rock by the side of the path.‎ A. resting 　　 B. to have rested C. rested 　　 D. to rest ‎ ‎（9）[NMET1989]Go on_____the other exercise after you have finished this one.‎ A. to do　B. doing　C. with　D. to be doing ‎ Key：BDADB　AADA 八、进行时态表将来意义动词类 这类动词一般为表位置移动或方向性动词，如go,come，start，arrive，take，leave，move等。例如：‎ When are you going off to for Shanghai？‎ Mary as well as her parents is leaving for California next month.‎ ‎【高考例题】‎ ‎（1）[2001春NMET]I've won a holiday for two to Florida. I_____my mum.‎ A. am taking　　　　　　B. have taken C. take　　　　　　　　　D. will have taken ‎（2）[1989上海]—What were you doing when he came to see you？‎ ‎—I had just put on my overcoat and_____visit a friend.‎ A.leaving　B.was left C.left D. was leaving ‎（3）[2004天津]—What were you doing when Tony phoned you？‎ ‎—I had just finished my work and ______to take a shower. ‎ A. had started B.started C. have started D. was starting ‎ Key：ADD 九、主动表被动动词类 英语中有些动词可用其主动形式表达被动含义，可分为以下三种情况：‎ ‎1．某些实义动词的主动形式后跟副词表示被动意义，这类动词有sell，wash，write，last，read，wear等。这种“动词＋副词”结构，常表示事物内部特有的属性。‎ This kind of cloth washes well and lasts long.‎ The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly.‎ Written in simple English，this article reads easily.‎ ‎2.某些及物动词转为不及物动词后，其主动形式表示被动意义，如open(打开，营业)，close(关门），shut(关闭），cut（切割），weigh（重），act（上演）等。‎ The door won't shut.‎ This shop opens much earlier than it used to.‎ Each stone weighs 2 tons.‎ ‎3.某些不及物动词，如happen, occur, cost以及短语，如come out（出版）,come up（出现）come into being（产生）come to one's mind（想起），turn out（证明是），come about(发生）,break out（爆发），belong to（属于）等，本身表被动含义，所以它们常用主动形式。‎ The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th century.‎ Suddenly an idea came to his mind.‎ It never occurred to me to phone you.‎ ‎【高考例题】‎ ‎（1）[2004全国Ⅱ]The evening news comes on at seven o'clock and_____ only thirty minutes.‎ A. keeps　　B. continues　　C. finishes　　D. lasts ‎ ‎（2）[2002北京]—Mummy，can I put the peaches in the cupboard？‎ ‎—No，dear. They don't____well. Put them in the fridge instead．‎ A. keep　　B. fit　　　C. get　　D. last ‎（3）[1999上海]Books of this kind ______well.‎ A ．sell　　B．sells　　C.are sold　　D.is sold Key：DAA 十、虚拟语气动词类 insist，order，command，suggest，advise，propose，ask，require, request, demand等后接引导的宾语从句时，谓语动词须用“（should）＋动词原形”。‎ The guard at tht gate insisted that everyone should obey the rules.‎ The rule requires that everyone，young or old，man or women，have his car checked once a year.‎ ‎【高考例题】‎ ‎（1）[2004福建]—How do you_____we go to Beijing for our holidays.‎ ‎—I think we'd better fly there. It's much more comfortable.‎ A.insist　B.want　　C.suppose　　D. suggest ‎（2）[1994上海]Jane's pale face suggested that she_____ill，and her parents suggested that she_____a medical examination．‎ A.be；should have 　　　　B. was；have C.should be；had 　　　　　D. was；has ‎ ‎（3）[2002上海]_____sent to work here?‎ A．Who do you suggest B．Who do you suggest that should C．Do you suggest who should D．Do you suggest whom should ‎ Key：DBA 十一、省略替代类 believe，think，suppose，guess，hope，expect，imagine， would like（love）be afraid等动词用于简略回答中，后接so来替代肯定分句，用not来替代否定分句。或接to来替代前面内容相同的不定式，表示看法、意见、设想、打算等。例如：‎ ‎—Do you think Norman would have lent me his car I had asked him to?‎ ‎—Yes，I think so.‎ ‎—Will you be able to come to my birthday party？‎ ‎—I'd love to，but I'm too busy.‎ 注意: believe, think, suppose, guess等用于否定回答时，既可以说I believe( think, suppose guess) not,也可以说I don't believe（think，suppose guess）so，但用hope，expect，be afraid作否定回答时，只能说I hope（expect） not以及I'm afraid not。‎ ‎【高考例题】‎ ‎（I）[2000春季北京]—I believe we've met somewhere before.‎ ‎—No， ‎ A．it isn't the same　　　　B．it can't be true C．I don't think so　　　　D. I'd rather not ‎（2）[2003春北京]—The boys are not doing a good job at all，are they?‎ ‎—_______.‎ A. I guess not so　　　　　B. I don't guess C. I don't guess it　　　　　D. I guess not ‎（3）[NMET1994]—Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend?‎ ‎—_______.‎ A. I don't believe　　　　　B.I don't believe it C. I believe not so　　　　　D. I believe not Key：CDD 十二、否定转移类 think，believe, guess，suppose，imagine，expect等动词后接that引导的宾语从句时，从句若为否定结构，常将否定词not前移到主句中。‎ I don't think it is possible to learn a foreign language well without much memory work．‎ He doesn't think Tom will make an excellent player.‎ 当该结构的主句主语为第一人称时，变为反意疑问句，后半句的主语和谓语简略形式应与从句保持一致，否则与主句保持一致。例如：‎ I don't think there is anything else I need，is there?‎ He doesn't believe he will be able to solve the problems by herself,does he?‎ ‎【高考例题】‎ ‎（1）[2001上海]I don't suppose anyone will volunteer，_____？‎ A. do　B. don't I　C. will they　D. won't they ‎（2）[2002上海]Mrs. Black doesn't believe her son is able to design a digital camera,______?‎ A. is he B. isn't he C.doesn't she D. does she Key：CD 十三、带介词to的动词短语类 这类短语有be（get）used to，lead to，devote…to，look forward to，stick to，object to，get down to，there is no end to等。当它们后面出现动词时，要用v.-ing形式。例如：‎ I've got used to driving in all kinds of weather.‎ As soon as she returned home from abroad，she got down to preparing supper for children．‎ 注意区分介词to与不定式符号to。‎ He used to drive on the right and now he is used to driving on the left.（used to表“过去常常”，to为不定式符号，be used to表“习惯于”，to为介词）‎ I'm looking forward to seeing you soon.（look forward to 意思是“盼望，期待”，to为介词。）‎ He looked forward to see what was happening.（look forward意为“向前看”，to see是不定式作目的状语。）‎ ‎【高考例题】‎ ‎（1）[2001上海]Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _____some schools for poor children.‎ A. set up　　　　　　　　B. setting up C. have set up　　　　　　D. having set up ‎（2）[2003上海]The discovery of new evidence led to______．‎ A.the thief having caught　　B．catch the thief C.the thief being caught D.the thief to be caught ‎（3）[1994上海]She looks forward every spring to______the flower lined garden．‎ A. visit B. paying a visit ‎ C. walking D. walking in Key：BCD 十四、瞬间（非延续性动词）类 这类动词常考的有go, come, leave, start, return, begin, arrive，stop，finish，borrow，lend，open，close，die，become， break, join, marry, employ，graduate等。瞬间（非延续性动词）表短暂性的动作，因此不可与表“段时间”的for/since短语或since从句连用。例如：‎ He has come here for three years.（误）‎ He has been here for three years.（正）‎ It is three years since he came here.（正）‎ ‎【高考例题】‎ ‎（1）[2004江苏]It's ten years since the scientist______on his life's work of discovering the valuable chemical.‎ A.made for B. set out C.took off　D. turned up ‎（2）[2000上海]My uncle_____until he was forty-five.‎ A. married　　　　　　　　B. didn't married C. was not marrying 　　　　D. would marry ‎ ‎（3）[2003北京]—David and Vicky married?‎ ‎—For about three years．‎ A.How long were；being　B.How long have; got C.How long have；been　D.How long did; get ‎（4）[2003春北京]—How long_____ at this job?‎ ‎—Since 1990．‎ A. were you employed C. had you been employed B.have you been employed D. will you be employed ‎ ‎（5）[NMET1992]When Jack arrived he learned Mary______for almost an hour.‎ A.had gone　　　　　　　　C ．had left B.had set off　　　　　　　D. had been away ‎ ‎（6）（NMET1989）They_____friends since they met in Shanghai.‎ A. have made 　　　　　　　B．have become C ．have been 　　　　　　D. have turned Key：BBCBDC 十五、计划未能实现类 intend，mean，hope，wish，plan，expect，think，want，suppose等动词用于过去时态，可表示过去未能实现的愿望、想法、打算等。‎ ‎1．该类动词用于过去完成时后接不定式或宾语从句。‎ I had never thought you would bring me such a nice gift.‎ I had planned to call on you，but I was too busy to get away.‎ ‎2．该类动词用于一般过去时后接不定式的完成式或一般式。‎ I'd like to have arrive on time，but I was caught on the traffic jam.‎ ‎【高考例题】‎ ‎（1）[2000春上海]—You should have thanked her before you left.‎ ‎—I meant_____，but when I was leaving I couldn't find her anywhere.‎ A ．to do　B. to　　C. doing　　D. doing so ‎（2）[2001春北京]—Why haven't you bought any butter?‎ ‎—I ______to but I forgot about it.‎ A. liked　B. wished　C. meant　D. expected ‎（3）[NMET1997]I would love_____the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.‎ A. to go　　　　　　　　B. to have gone C. going　　　　　　　　D. having gone ‎ ‎（4）[NMET1997）—Alice，why didn't you come yesterday？‎ ‎—I_____，but I had an unexpected visitor.‎ A．had　B．would C. was going to　D. did ‎ Key：BCBC ‎ ‎