2020版高考英语一轮基础习选题 Unit 2 Working the land（含解析）新人教版必修4

2020版高考英语一轮基础习选题 Unit 2 Working the land（含解析）新人教版必修4

Unit 2 Working the land 李仕才 一、阅读理解 Nowadays a third of primary schoolchildren in China are suffering from psychological ill-health as a result of classroom stress and parental pressure, according to a study published on Tuesday. ‎ The problem is so bad that urgent measures are needed, warns the study, led by British and Chinese researchers. ‎ The investigation surveyed 2, 191 pupils aged 9 to ‎12 in nine schools in urban and rural Zhejiang, a relatively prosperous coastal province in eastern China. ‎ Eighty-one percent of the youngsters said they worried “a lot” about exams, 63 percent feared being punished by their teachers, 44 percent had been physically bullied at least sometimes—with boys likelier to be victims than girls—and 73 percent had been physically punished by their parents. ‎ Most of the children complained they struggled to cope with the amount of homework they were assigned. ‎ Over one-third reported headaches or abdominal pains—psychosomatic symptoms of stress—at least once a week. The most stressed children reported incidence of aches or pains of four times a week. ‎ The investigation, led by Therese Hesketh, a professor at University College London (UCL) Centre for International Health and Development, pointed the finger at extreme competitiveness in China’s education system, from the onset of primary school. ‎ ‎“The competitive and punitive educational environment leads to high levels of stress and psychosomatic symptoms, ” the authors say. ‎ ‎“Measures to reduce unnecessary stress on children in schools should be introduced urgently. ”‎ The paper appears in Archives of Disease in Childhood, a peer-reviewed journal of the British Medical Association (BMA). ‎ 9‎ The “urban” setting for the study was Hangzhou, the provincial capital of Zhejiang, while the “rural” setting was a poor county in Quzhou prefecture, in the west of the province. ‎ The study highlights some of the complexities that, it says, explain the demands for academic excellence and intolerance of failure. ‎ One factor is the country’s dramatic rise in prosperity, which has created “previously unheard-of possibilities for upward mobility” and in turn stoked pressures on children to do well at school. ‎ Other reasons are China’s one-child policy and the Confucian traditions of respect for parents and elders, filial piety, obedience and discipline. ‎ ‎“The aspirations of many parents, who had limited educational opportunities themselves are now invested in their only children, ” it says. ‎ Previous studies on school-related stress and its impact on health are few and generally come from Scandinavia. ‎ A 2008 assessment among 10-to 13-year-old in Sweden found that 21 percent of boys and 30 percent of girls experienced headache, and 17 percent of boys and 28 percent of girls experienced abdominal pain at least once per week. ‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇报告。文章讲述了中国孩子们在面对大量考试中, 所承受的精神上和身体上的压力, 以至于他们产生了很多不良现象。‎ ‎1. What mainly caused schoolchildren to suffer from psychological ill-health? ‎ A. Competitiveness in education system. ‎ B. Classroom stress and parental pressure. ‎ C. Physical punishment from their parents. ‎ D. Endless homework from school teachers. ‎ ‎【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“as a result of classroom stress and parental pressure, according to a study published on Tuesday. ”可知B正确。‎ ‎2. The underlined part “cope with” in Para. 5 most probably means ________. ‎ A. to fit in　　　　　 B. to adapt to C. to deal with　　 D. to get along with 9‎ ‎【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据文章中的“Most of the children complained they struggled to cope with the amount of homework they were assigned. ”可知: 大多数孩子抱怨他们挣扎着处理作业。猜测cope with意为: 处理。‎ ‎3. What can we infer from the passage? ‎ A. More and more schoolchildren will drop out of school soon. ‎ B. Homework and examinations will be cancelled at all schools. ‎ C. Parents and teachers will give up educating the schoolchildren. ‎ D. Too much stress does great harm to schoolchildren physically and mentally. ‎ ‎【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据文章的第四段和第六段中的“Over one-third reported headaches or abdominal pains—psychosomatic symptoms of stress—at least once a week. ”可知D正确。‎ ‎4. What is the main idea of the passage? ‎ A. Children in China sickened by school pressure. ‎ B. Measures to reduce unnecessary stress on children. ‎ C. The investigation, led by University College London. ‎ D. Extreme competitiveness in China’s education system. ‎ ‎【解析】选A。主旨大意题。文章通篇谈论的是: 中国的孩子们在精神上和身体上承受很多压力之后, 出现的多种病态的表现。所以A正确。‎ 二、单句语法填空 ‎1．(2017·江苏高考)________(determine) where we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.‎ 答案：Determining　分析句子结构可知，应用动名词短语作主语，即本句中Determining where we are in relation to our surroundings作主语，remains是谓语动词。‎ ‎2．The ________(produce) of coffee beans is a huge, profitable business.‎ 答案：production　由设空前的“the”和后面的“of”可知，应填所给词的名词形式。production “生产；制造”。‎ ‎3．Nowadays, children have more ________(free); they can do whatever they like.‎ 答案：freedom　freedom 名词“自由”，在本句中作宾语。‎ ‎4．Cats can help rid the home ________mice.‎ 9‎ 答案：of　rid ... of “使摆脱或除去……”。‎ ‎5．A heavy fire reduced 90 percent of the houses ________ashes.‎ 答案：to　reduce ... to ... “使……沦为……”。‎ ‎6．I bitterly ________(regret) that I had missed the wonderful film.‎ 答案：regretted　所填词由bitterly(副词)修饰，且由从句中had missed可知，此处用动词的一般过去时。‎ ‎7．It is ________(disturb) to think about so much work to do.‎ 答案：disturbing　disturbing “令人不安的”，在句中作表语。‎ ‎8．The discovery of new evidence led to the thief's ________(catch)．‎ 答案：being caught　本句中，lead to后接名词或动名词(短语)，且the thief和catch存在被动关系，故填being caught，即动名词的被动结构，作lead to的宾语。‎ ‎9．I am not ________(satisfy) with the way he cut my hair.‎ 答案：satisfied　be satisfied with ... 为固定短语，意为“对……感到满意”。‎ ‎10．Though he is young, he is struggling ________(support) a large family.‎ 答案：to support　struggle to do sth. “努力做某事”。‎ 三、完形填空 Two things changed my life: my mother and a white plastic bike basket. I have thought long and hard about it and it’s true. I would be a different person if my mom hadn’t ___1___ a silly bicycle accessory into a life lesson I carry with me today.‎ My mother and father were ___2___ in their way of raising children, but it mostly fell to my mother to actually carry it out. Looking back, I ___3___ don’t know how she did it. Managing the family budget must have been a very hard task, but she made it look ___4___ . We had to keep ___5___ of our belongings, and if something was lost, it was not ___6___ .‎ One day, my mother drove me to the bike shop to get a tire ___7___ —and it was in the window, white, shiny,‎ plastic and ___8___ with flowers, the basket winked at me and I knew—I knew—I had to have it.‎ ‎“It’s beautiful,” my mother said when I pointed it out to her, “What a neat basket.”‎ I tried to ___9___ at first, I played it cool for a short while. But then I guess 9‎ ‎ I couldn’t stand it ‎___10___ :“Mom, please, can I please, get it? I’ll do extra chores for ___11___ you say, I’ll do anything, but I need that basket, I love that basket. Please ,Mom .Please?”‎ ‎“You know,” she said, “If you ___12___ you could buy this yourself.”‎ ‎“By the time I make enough it’ll be gone!”‎ ‎“There might be ___13___ way,” she said.‎ And so our paying plan ___14___. My mother bought the beautiful basket and put it safely in some hiding place I couldn’t find. Each week I ___15___ counted my growing saving increased by extra work here and there.‎ And then, weeks later, I counted, re-counted and jumped for joy. Oh, happy day ! I ___16___ ! I finally had the exact amount we’d agreed upon….‎ Days later the ___17___ happened. A neighborhood girl I’d played with millions of times appeared with the exact same basket fixed to her shiny, new bike. I rode hard and fast home to tell my mother about this ___18___.‎ And then ___19___ the lesson. I’ve taken with me through my life: “Honey, Your basket is extra-special,”‎ Mom said, gently ___20___ my hot tears. “Your basket is special because you paid for it yourself.”‎ 语篇解读：文章主要讲述了作者在妈妈的指引下通过自己的节省与努力买到自己心仪的物件的故事。‎ ‎1. A. put B. made C. taken D. turned ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】依据上下文可知是妈妈把这次买自行车配件的经历转变成了我一直记忆的好的生活教训，此处构 成短语“turn…into”表示“转变成……”之意，故 D 项适合。‎ ‎2. A. different B. separate C. united D. opposite ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】依据上下文可知我的妈妈和爸爸在养育子女的方式上是团结一致的，A 不同的；B 分开的；C 团 9‎ 结的；D 相反的。‎ ‎3. A. simply B. vaguely C. initially D. honestly ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】 依据上下文可知作者真的也不清楚他的妈妈是怎么做到那样勤俭持家的， 故使用 D 诚实地， 真的；‎ A 简单地；B 模糊地；C 最初地。‎ ‎4. A. speechless B. effortless C. endless D. fruitless ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】依据上下文可知此处表示的是“妈妈把原本挺难得持家的事情变得很容易” ，与文中的“hard”一词 相对应。A 无语的；B 容易的，不费劲的；C 无尽的，D 无收获的。‎ ‎5. A. track B. trail C. affection D. trap ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】依据上下文可知此处构成短语“keep track of”表示“记录”之意，文章中讲述的是“我们不得不记 录好我们的东西，如果丢了就不会再有了” ，故 A 项正确。B 痕迹，踪迹；C 喜爱，钟爱；D 陷阱，‎ 圈套。‎ ‎6. A. replaced B. reflected C. instructed D. registered ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】依据上一句的内容可知此处表示的是“取代”之意；A 取代；B 反映；C 教导，指导；D 登记，‎ 注册。‎ ‎7. A. installed B. fixed C. equipped D. tailored ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】依据上下文可知此处表示的是“妈妈带我去修理自行车的车胎” ；A 安装；B 修理；C 配备，装备；‎ D 为……裁制衣服，为……做衣服。‎ ‎8. A. filled B. decorated C. occupied D. performed ‎【答案】B 9‎ ‎【解析】依据上下文可知此处表示的是“那个白色闪光且装饰着鲜花的塑料车篮子” ，故 B 项正确。A 装 满；C 占据；D 表演。‎ ‎9. A. hold on B. hold out C. hold off D. hold up ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】依据上下文可知此处表示的是“起初作者尽力不靠近那车篮子，但最终还是控制不了” ；A 坚持，‎ 稍等；B 维持，主张；C 不靠近；D 阻止，举起。‎ ‎10. A. any more B. more or less C. none the less D. any longer ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】 依据上下文与前面构成短语“not…any longer”表示 “作者最终不能再控制好自己了” 。A 项构成“not any more”主要是表示 “在程度上不再……” ； 此处结合前面的“…I played it cool for a short while. But then…”可知作者是在时间上再也不能忍了，故不适合；B 或多或少；C 仍然。‎ ‎11. A. as long as B. as much as C. as well as D. as many as ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】依据上下文可知作者在于他的妈妈协商，此处译成“只要妈妈说什么都可以去做” ，A 项符合语 境。B 与……一样多；C 和，与……样好；D 与……一样多。‎ ‎12. A. put up B. turn up C. make up D. save up ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】依据上下文可知作者的妈妈是让作者自己省下钱去购买，故 D 项正确。A 举起，张贴；B 出现，‎ 调高；C 弥补，化妆，编造，组成；D 节省，节约。‎ ‎13. A. other B. another C. the other D. others ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】依据上下文可知妈妈提供了另一个解决方法，故 B 项正确。‎ ‎14. A. unfolded B. scratched C. addressed D. guaranteed ‎【答案】A 9‎ ‎【解析】依据上下文可知在妈妈的提议下，作者的购买计划开始了，故 A(打开，展现)符合句意。B 抓，‎ 刮；C 处理，演讲；D 保证。‎ ‎15. A. reluctantly B. thoroughly C. unconditionally D. eagerly ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】依据上下文可知此处表示的是“每个星期我都急切地数着我节省下来的钱” ，故 D 项正确。A 不 情愿地；B 彻底地；C 无条件地。‎ ‎16. A. helped it B. made it C. liked it D. deserved it ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】依据上下文中的“I finally had the exact amount we’d agreed upon….”可知作者终于攒够了说好的钱 的数量，B(成功做到)符合语境。A 帮得到；C 喜欢；D 值得，配得上。‎ ‎17. A. unpredictable B. unbelievable C. unthinkable D. unbearable ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】依据上下文可知此处表示的是“不能想象的事情发生了” ，故 C(不可想象)符合语境。A 不可预测 的；B 不可信，难以置信的；D 不能忍受的，空格处表示的应该是出乎作者意料之外的事情，故 C 项最适合。‎ ‎18. A. failure B. property C. disaster D. edition ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】 依据上下文可知在作者的眼里别人与他买了一样的东西无异于感觉就如同灾难降临一样。 A 失败；‎ B 财物；C 灾难；D 编辑。‎ ‎19. A. came B. caused C. invited D. participated ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】 根据上文可知， 此处表示作者懂得了其中的教训， 与 A项搭配合适。 倒装句=and the lesson came then.‎ ‎20. A. washing out B. clearing out C. taking away D. wiping away 9‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】根据上下文可知，是妈妈帮助我檫去泪水的，D 项短语表示“檫去，抹去”适合语境。A 淘汰，‎ 洗净；B 清除，赶走；C 拿开。‎ 四、单句改错 ‎1．They focused all their attention to finding a solution to the problem.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：第一个to→on　focus one's attention on (doing) sth.“集中精力(做)某事”。‎ ‎2．They equipped with two sharp axes and set off for the forest.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：They后加were或equipped后加themselves　be equipped with和equip oneself with ... “配备有……”。‎ ‎3．Some people say that Chinese tend to be satisfying with what they have.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：satisfying→satisfied　be satisfied with “对……感到满意”，主语通常为人。‎ ‎4．Thanks for the success of the business, we can afford a holiday this year.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：for→to　thanks to “多亏了；由于”。‎ ‎5．She would rather to buy her clothes through the Internet than in the supermarket.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：去掉to　would rather do A than do B “比起做B更愿意做A”。‎ 9‎