2013-2018高考英语试题分项版解析专题06情态动词和虚拟语气含解析

2013-2018高考英语试题分项版解析专题06情态动词和虚拟语气含解析

专题06 情态动词和虚拟语气 ‎2019年高考题 ‎1.【2019·江苏】24. It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission.‎ A. would B. should C. could D. might ‎【答案】B 点睛：本题考查虚拟语气。It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that... 主语从句多数情况下用虚拟语气，表达一种要求、命令或者责备、建议或主观看法。但是如果只是表示陈述一个事实而不是强烈的感情，完全可以用一般的陈述语气。试比较： It is strange that he had made a mistake.（陈述一个事实：他犯了错误让人有点奇怪。） It is strange that he (should) have made a mistake. （虚拟语气，说话者是在责备他本不应该犯错。）‎ ‎2.【2019·江苏】27. There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______ a second chance to become more involved.‎ A. had B. will have C. would have had D. have had ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，所以从句用一般过去时。故选A。‎ 点睛：本题考查wish引导的虚拟语气。由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气：1．用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。2．用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。3．wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。分析此题需抓住前句There is a good social life in the village的时态是一般现在时，可以判断出此题wish用于对现在的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望。‎ ‎3.【2019·天津】10. I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.‎ A. should leave B. must have left C. might leave D. could have left ‎【答案】D 点睛：情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点。本题抓住两点：第一、时态。根据句中时间状语可以判断出是对过去事情的推测，故用情态动词 + have done；如果是对现在事情的推测，才用情态动词+v原形。第二、情态动词的选择。must为肯定推测，表示“一定”，could为不肯定推测，表示“可能”，这样就能选出正确答案。‎ ‎4.【2019·北京】12. In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company.‎ A. need B. should C. can D. must ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查情态动词。句意：在今天的信息时代，数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况，即“客观可能性”，故该空应用情态动词can。C选项正确。其余情态动词均没有该用法。need需要；should应该，竟然；must必须，肯定。‎ 点睛：can的基本用法：1. (表示能力、功能)能，会；2. (表示推测)可能，可能会；3.（表示允许，请求）可以；4.（表示客观可能性）有时会。‎ ‎5.【2019·北京】13. They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.‎ A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知，该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if ____ a few more kilometers是条件句部分，表示对过去的虚拟，条件句部分要用过去完成时态，故D选项正确。‎ 点睛：1. 表示对现在的虚拟：if条件句用一般过去时，主句用would/might/could/should+do；2. 表示对过去的虚拟：if条件句用过去完成时，主句用would/might/could/should+have done；3. 表示对将来的虚拟：if条件句用were to do/should do/一般过去时，主句用would/might/could/should+do。‎ ‎6.【2019·天津】15. If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach A. had caught B. caught C. have caught D. would catch ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed。故选A。‎ 点睛：本题考查虚拟语气。虚拟语气重要做题原则：根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间，一般要保持一致，但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。本题就是错综条件虚拟语气，从句与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed，主句与现在事实相反。 ‎ ‎2019年高考题 ‎【2019·北京卷】21. Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ______ easily reach the books on the top shelf.‎ A. must B. should C. can D. need ‎【答案】C 考点：考查情态动词 ‎【名师点睛】‎ 常用的情态动词有can，may，must，need, should等 ‎1. can 的用法：‎ ‎ ① 表示能力 “能，会” eg: He can speak a little Japanese.他会说一点日语。‎ ‎ ② 表示请求或许可 “可以” eg: Can I help you? 要我帮忙吗? ‎ ‎ ③ 表示猜测 “可能” eg: Where can she go now? 她可能到哪里去了呢? ‎ ‎ 2.may 的用法：‎ ‎①表示请求或允许 “可以”“准许” eg: May I go home，please?请问我可以回家吗? ‎ ‎ ② 表示可能性 “ 可能”、也许” eg: I think it may rain this afternoon. 我想今天下午可能下雨。 ‎ ‎ 注：might为may的过去式，但也可以代替may，语气较为婉转客气或更加不肯定。‎ ‎ eg: ① He might not come today.今天他也许不来了。(语气不肯定) ‎ ‎ ②You might also get a headache when you work too hard，当你工作太努力时，你也可能患头痛 ‎3. must的用法：‎ ‎ ①表示义务、必要或命令 “必须、应该” eg: You must come early tomorrow．你明天得早来。 ‎ ‎ ② 表示推测时“肯定，一定” eg: They must be at home.The light is on 他们肯定在家,灯亮着呢. ‎ ‎ ③ must not 禁止，不许 eg: You must not tell lies. 你不许撒谎。 ‎ 注意： ①must开头的疑问句，其否定回答通常用 don't have to 或needn't 。而不用mustn't ‎ ‎ eg: ---Must I finish my homework first? 我必须先完成作业吗？‎ ‎ ---No, you don't have to/ needn't. 不，你不必。‎ ‎ ② can 和 must在 表推测时，can一般否定句中，而must 常用于肯定句中。‎ ‎ eg: ①It can not be Li Lei 那个人不可能是李磊 ‎ ‎② It must be Li Lei 那个人肯定是李磊。‎ ‎4. need 的用法：‎ ‎ ① 情态动词 “需要, 有必要”一般用于否定句或疑问句中。‎ ‎ eg: You needn't come here this afternoon.你今天下午不必来。‎ ‎ ② 行为动词 “需要, 有必要” 可以用于各种句式中。‎ eg: ①You don't need to go now. 你不必现在就走。‎ ‎ ② I need to have a rest. 我需要休息一下 ‎ ③ Do we need to finish all the work today? 我们今天需要完成所有的工作吗？‎ need的用法的助记口诀：‎ 实义动词表“需要”，后接名、代、不定式。 need后接动名词，主动形式表被动。‎ 情态动词表“需要”，没有人称 数之变。 其后直接加动原，多用疑问与否定。‎ ‎【2019·北京卷】34. If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened. ‎ A. had been put B. were put C. should be put D. would be put ‎【答案】A 考点：考查虚拟语气。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 英语中的三种语气，语气是动词的一种形式，用来说明我们对自己的话所采取的态度。‎ 1、 陈述语气（疑问，否定，肯定，感叹）‎ 2、 祈使语气（命令，要求，建议，警告）‎ 3、 虚拟语气：不可能发生的事，愿望，建议，与事实相反的假设等.‎ 一、 虚拟语气在条件中的具体用法 真实条件句 If you work hard,you’ll surely pass the exam.‎ 虚拟条件句（假设情况不存在，实现机会很小）‎ If I were a bird, I could fly freely in the sky.‎ if从句的谓语动词 主句谓语动词 ‎1.与现在事实相反 动词过去式（be一律用were）‎ would/could/might/should+动词原形 ‎2.与过去事实相反 had done ‎ would/could/might/should+have done ‎3.与将来事实可能相反 a.动词过去式（be一律用were）‎ b.should+动词原形（不能用would）‎ c.were to+动词原形 would/could/might/should+动词原形 1. 与现在事实相反 if从句：动词过去式（be---were）‎ 主句：would/could/might/should+动词原形 If we had time, we would go with you.‎ If I were you, I shouldn’t do that.‎ If it weren’t raining, we wouldn’t stay.‎ 2. 与过去事实相反 if从句：had done 主句：would/could/might/should+have done If the teacher hadn’t helped us, we couldn’t have succeeded.‎ I could have done it better if I had been more careful.‎ If he hadn’t been ill, he might have come.‎ ‎3.与将来事实可能相反 if从句：a.动词过去式（be一律用were）‎ ‎ b.should+动词原形（不能用would）‎ ‎ c.were to+动词原形 主句：would/could/might/should+动词原形 If he came tomorrow, I would tell him everything.‎ If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home and watch TV.‎ If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.‎ Should he come tomorrow, please give the book to him.‎ 4. 错综时间条件句 在虚拟语气中，有时条件从句动作发生的时间和主句动作发生的时间是不一致的，称为错综时间条件句。这种句子的形式往往要根据句子的时间相调整，分别处理。‎ If you had spoken to him yesterday, you would know what to do now.‎ If you had followed the doctor’s advice then, you would be all right now.‎ If you had watered them more, the crops would be growing still better now.‎ ‎(有时时间会省略） ‎ 5. 含蓄条件句 有时虚拟条件不用if条件从句，而用介词或介词短语来表示。‎ They would not be able to live without him.（如果没有）‎ He would have failed but for his teacher’s timely advice.‎ ‎（要不是）=if it had not been for If only you had worked with greater care!(要是......就好了）‎ You would have done the same thing in her position.‎ With a little more care you could have avoid the traffic accident.‎ 6. 虚拟结合条件句 在虚拟语气中，假设的情况有时间可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来，并且虚拟的情况和真实的情况同时存在。‎ I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the singing competition.‎ ‎（实------虚）‎ ‎=I was ill that day. If I hadn’t been ill that day, I would have taken part in the singing competition.‎ He would have bought the piano, but he didn’t have enough money.‎ ‎（虚------实）‎ ‎=He would have bought the piano if he had had enough money, but in fact he didn’t have enough money. ‎ 7. 省略if倒装条件句 在虚拟语气中，if从句假设的情况中如果有助动词had, should和were，那么可省略if，把had, should和were放在句首构成倒装，简称省略if倒装条件句。‎ If he had finished the work yesterday, he would have gone to the concert with you.‎ ‎ =Had he finished the work yesterday, he would have gone to the concert with you.‎ If I were you, I wouldn’t do that.‎ ‎ =were I you, I wouldn’t do that.‎ If I should meet him, I would tell him about it.‎ ‎ =Should I meet him, I would tell him about it.‎ ‎【2019·江苏卷】22. _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.‎ A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it ‎【答案】B ‎【名师点睛】‎ 在虚拟语气中，be动词只能用were；虚拟条件句省去连词if时，从句主谓部分倒装：Were/Had/Should+主 语+谓语动词...‎ e.g. Were I Tom, I would refuse. 如果我是汤姆，我会拒绝。‎ I will go, should it be necessary. 假若有必要，我会去的。‎ Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived in time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。‎ 若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were, should, had 等缩略成Weren’t, Shouldn’t, ‎ Hadn’t置于句首。‎ 考点：考查虚拟语气和倒装 ‎【2019·天津卷】2. My room is a mess, but I __________clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.‎ A. daren’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析： 句意：我的房间很乱，但是在今晚我出去之前不需要打扫，我可以明天早晨再打扫。A.不敢；B.不应该；C不需要；D.不许。根据句意，故选C。‎ 考点：考查情态动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】情态动词主要考查句意和说话人的语气的强弱，这几个情态动词的否定形式意思各不相同，确定各自的含义，弄清它们的区别再结合上下文语境就不难理解了。 daren’t通常表示“不敢”，shouldn’t强调的是没有义务，必要性；needn’t表示“不需要”，mustn't ‎ 表示不许，语气比较强烈，它们之间有明显不同。 ‎ ‎【2019·天津卷】15. —Do you have Betty’s phone number?‎ ‎—Yes. Otherwise, I ______able to reach her yesterday.‎ A. hadn’t been B. wouldn’t have been C. weren’t D. wouldn’t be ‎【答案】B ‎【名师点睛】if的虚拟语气非常重要，首先要熟悉基本用法：1、表示与现在事实相反的情况，从句：If主语+过去时(be动词用were)；主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do：　2、表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句：If主语+had+done；主句：主语+should/ would/ could/ might+have done　3、表示对将来情况的主观推测，从句：①if+主语+were to do②if+主语+should+do ③if+主语+did（动词过去式）/were ；主句：主语+should /would/ could /might+do，另外要注意从句也可以省略if，把had，were，should提前。这句话的虚拟语气是根据标志词otherwise和句意推断出主句是对过去的虚拟。‎ ‎2019年高考题 ‎1.【2019·北京】31. I love the weekend, because I ________ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.‎ A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. wouldn’t D. shouldn’t ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：题目考查情态动词。句意：我喜欢周末，因为周六和周日我不需要早起。A. needn’t不需要；B. mustn’t禁止；C. wouldn’t不愿；D. shouldn’t不应该。根据句意可知，周六、周日不用早起，故选A。‎ 考点：考查情态动词 ‎【名师点睛】‎ ‎ 常用的情态动词有can，may，must，need,should, had better.‎ ‎1. can 的用法：‎ ‎ ① 表示能力 “能，会” eg: He can speak a little Japanese.他会说一点日语。‎ ‎ ② 表示请求或许可 “可以” eg: Can I help you? 要我帮忙吗? ‎ ‎ ③ 表示猜测 “可能” eg: Where can she go now? 她可能到哪里去了呢? ‎ ‎ 2.may 的用法：‎ ‎①表示请求或允许 “可以”“准许” eg: May I go home，please?请问我可以回家吗? ‎ ‎ ② 表示可能性 “ 可能”、也许” eg: I think it may rain this afternoon. ‎ 我想今天下午可能下雨。 ‎ ‎ 注：might为may的过去式，但也可以代替may，语气较为婉转客气或更加不肯定。‎ ‎ eg: ① He might not come today.今天他也许不来了。(语气不肯定) ‎ ‎ ②You might also get a headache when you work too hard，当你工作太努力时，你也可能患头痛 ‎3. must的用法：‎ ‎ ①表示义务、必要或命令 “必须、应该” eg: You must come early tomorrow．你明天得早来。 ‎ ‎ ② 表示推测时“肯定，一定” eg: They must be at home.The light is on 他们肯定在家,灯亮着呢. ‎ ‎ ③ must not 禁止，不许 eg: You must not tell lies. 你不许撒谎。 ‎ 注意： ①must开头的疑问句，其否定回答通常用 don't have to 或needn't 。而不用mustn't ‎ ‎ eg: ---Must I finish my homework first? 我必须先完成作业吗？‎ ‎ ---No, you don't have to/ needn't. 不，你不必。‎ ‎ ② can 和 must在 表推测时，can一般否定句中，而must 常用于肯定句中。‎ ‎ eg: ①It can not be Li Lei 那个人不可能是李磊 ‎ ‎② It must be Li Lei 那个人肯定是李磊。‎ ‎4. need 的用法：‎ ‎ ① 情态动词 “需要, 有必要”一般用于否定句或疑问句中。‎ ‎ eg: You needn't come here this afternoon.你今天下午不必来。‎ ‎ ② 行为动词 “需要, 有必要” 可以用于各种句式中。‎ eg: ①You don't need to go now. 你不必现在就走。‎ ‎ ② I need to have a rest. 我需要休息一下 ‎ ③ Do we need to finish all the work today? 我们今天需要完成所有的工作吗？‎ need的用法的助记口诀：‎ 实义动词表“需要”，后接名、代、不定式。 need后接动名词，主动形式表被动。‎ 情态动词表“需要”，没有人称 数之变。 其后直接加动原，多用疑问与否定。‎ ‎2.【2019·北京】34. Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you ________ me, I could have helped.‎ A. told B. had told C. were to tell D. would tell ‎【答案】B 考点：考查虚拟语气 ‎【名师点睛】‎ 英语中的三种语气，语气是动词的一种形式，用来说明我们对自己的话所采取的态度。‎ 1、 陈述语气（疑问，否定，肯定，感叹）‎ 2、 祈使语气（命令，要求，建议，警告）‎ 3、 虚拟语气：不可能发生的事，愿望，建议，与事实相反的假设等.‎ 一、 虚拟语气在条件中的具体用法 真实条件句 If you work hard,you’ll surely pass the exam.‎ 虚拟条件句（假设情况不存在，实现机会很小）‎ If I were a bird, I could fly freely in the sky.‎ If it snowed tomorrow, we would stay at the home.‎ if从句的谓语动词 主句谓语动词 ‎1.与现在事实相反 动词过去式（be一律用were）‎ would/could/might/should+动词原形 ‎2.与过去事实相反 had done ‎ would/could/might/should+have done ‎3.与将来事实可能相反 a.动词过去式（be一律用were）‎ b.should+动词原形（不能用would）‎ c.were to+动词原形 would/could/might/should+动词原形 1. 与现在事实相反 if从句：动词过去式（be---were）‎ 主句：would/could/might/should+动词原形 If we had time, we would go with you.‎ If I were you, I shouldn’t do that.‎ If it weren’t raining, we wouldn’t stay.‎ 2. 与过去事实相反 if从句：had done 主句：would/could/might/should+have done If the teacher hadn’t helped us, we couldn’t have succeeded.‎ I could have done it better if I had been more careful.‎ If he hadn’t been ill, he might have come.‎ ‎3.与将来事实可能相反 if从句：a.动词过去式（be一律用were）‎ ‎ b.should+动词原形（不能用would）‎ ‎ c.were to+动词原形 主句：would/could/might/should+动词原形 If he came tomorrow, I would tell him everything.‎ If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home and watch TV.‎ If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.‎ Should he come tomorrow, please give the book to him.‎ 4. 错综时间条件句 在虚拟语气中，有时条件从句动作发生的时间和主句动作发生的时间是不一致的，称为错综时间条件句。这种句子的形式往往要根据句子的时间相调整，分别处理。‎ If you had spoken to him yesterday, you would know what to do now.‎ If you had followed the doctor’s advice then, you would be all right now.‎ If you had watered them more, the crops would be growing still better now.‎ ‎(有时时间会省略） ‎ 5. 含蓄条件句 有时虚拟条件不用if条件从句，而用介词或介词短语来表示。‎ They would not be able to live without him.（如果没有）‎ He would have failed but for his teacher’s timely advice.‎ ‎（要不是）=if it had not been for If only you had worked with greater care!(要是......就好了）‎ You would have done the same thing in her position.‎ With a little more care you could have avoid the traffic accident.‎ 6. 虚拟结合条件句 在虚拟语气中，假设的情况有时间可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来，并且虚拟的情况和真实的情况同时存在。‎ I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the singing competition.‎ ‎（实------虚）‎ ‎=I was ill that day. If I hadn’t been ill that day, I would have taken part in the singing competition.‎ He would have bought the piano, but he didn’t have enough money.‎ ‎（虚------实）‎ ‎=He would have bought the piano if he had had enough money, but in fact he didn’t have enough money. ‎ 7. 省略if倒装条件句 在虚拟语气中，if从句假设的情况中如果有助动词had, should和were，那么可省略if，把had, should和were放在句首构成倒装，简称省略if倒装条件句。‎ If he had finished the work yesterday, he would have gone to the concert with you.‎ ‎ =Had he finished the work yesterday, he would have gone to the concert with you.‎ If I were you, I wouldn’t do that.‎ ‎ =were I you, I wouldn’t do that.‎ If I should meet him, I would tell him about it.‎ ‎ =Should I meet him, I would tell him about it.‎ ‎3.【2019·江苏】27.If it for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.‎ A. had not been B. should not be C. were not to be D. should not have been ‎【答案】A ‎【名师点睛】‎ 有时条件从句和主句所表示的动作在时间上可以不一致（例如一个与过去事实相反，另一个与现在事实相反），这种虚拟条件句就称为错综时间虚拟条件句。在这种条件句中，动词的形式要根据具体情况进行调整。‎ 例句：‎ She would never have behaved like that if she had some common sense.‎ 如果她有一些常识的话，她就决不会像那样做了。         ‎ If I had a bike (now), I would have lent it to you yesterday.‎ 假如我有自行车，昨天早就借给你了。‎ 句型说明： 错综时间条件句中，特别注意时间状语，在这种情况下必须明确给以时间或通过上下文可明白看出时间不同，否则就按一般时间搭配使用。 ‎ 考点：考查虚拟语气 ‎4.【2019·天津】5. It was really annoying; I _____ get access to the data bank you had ‎ recommended.‎ ‎ A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t ‎【答案】B 考点：考查情态动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】情态动词主要考查句意和说话人的语气的强弱，这几个情态动词的否定形式意思各不相同，确定各自的含义，弄清它们的区别再结合上下文语境就不难理解了。couldn’t通常表示“没有能力”，wouldn’t带有意愿色彩，shouldn’t强调的是没有义务，必要性；needn’t表示“没有需要”，之间有明显不同。‎ ‎5.【2019·天津】15. I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I ____.‎ ‎ A. were injured B. would be injured ‎ C. had been injured D. would have been injured ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：我当时系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带，我就会受伤了。使用虚拟语气，根据if条件句用的had done，可知，主句用would have done表示对过去情况的虚拟，而且I和injure是被动关系。故选D。‎ ‎【名师点睛】if的虚拟语气非常重要，首先要熟悉基本用法：1、表示与现在事实相反的情况，从句：If主语+过去时(be动词用were)；主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do：　2、表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句：If主语+had+done；主句：主语+should/ would/ could/ might+have done　3、表示对将来情况的主观推测，从句：①if+主语+were to do②if+主语+should+do ③if+主语+did（动词过去式）/were ；主句：主语+should /would/ could /might+do，另外要注意从句也可以省略if，把had，were，should提前。这句话的虚拟语气比较明显，if条件句使用了过去完成进行时和过去相反，没有倒装形式，学生容易看出。‎ ‎6.【2019·浙江】15. Had the governments and scientists not worked together , AIDS-related deaths _______ since their highest in 2019.‎ A. had not fallen B. would not fall C. did not fall D. would not have fallen ‎【答案】D ‎ 考点：考查虚拟语气。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ if的虚拟语气非常重要，首先要熟悉基本用法：1、表示与现在事实相反的情况，从句：If主语+过去时(be动词用were)；主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do：　2、表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句：If主语+had+done；主句：主语+should/ would/ could/ might+have done　3、表示对将来情况的主观推测，从句：①if+主语+were to do②if+主语+should+do ③if+主语+did（动词过去式）/were ；主句：主语+should /would/ could /might+do，另外要注意从句也可以省略if，把had，were，should提前。这句话的虚拟语气比较明显，if条件句省略了if，将had提前，说明使用了过去完成进行时和过去相反，学生看出这点就容易做题了。‎ ‎7.【2019·浙江】17. George _________ too far . His coffee is still warm .‎ A. must have gone B. might have gone C. can't have gone D. needn't have gone ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：乔治不可能走得太远了。他的咖啡仍然是温的。can’t have done是对过去的否定推测；must have done过去一定做了某事；might have done过去可能做了某事；needn’t have done过去本不必做某事。故选C。‎ 考点：考查情态动词+have done。‎ ‎【名师点睛】熟练掌握情态动词的用法，对准确理解语法填空、完形填空、阅读理解、听力理解中含有情态动词的句子是很有益处的，并且在写作中也可能会用到情态动词。因此，我们应当学好情态动词，尤其要掌握好常用情态动词的用法。情态动词+have done的用法：情态动词无论是表达“推测和可能性”，还是表达“虚拟”这一概念，只要是对过去已经发生的事情进行描述，一律用“情态动词+have done”这一结构；对现在或将来的事情进行描述，用“情态动词+动词或系动词原形”。注意不同的情态动词和have done搭配的含义。表示推测的can have done一般用于疑问和否定句中。‎ ‎2019年高考题 ‎1.【2019·北京】29．—Can’t you stay a little longer?‎ ‎—It’s getting late. I really _____go now, My daughter is home alone.‎ A .may B .can C . must D .dare ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【考点定位】考查情态动词辨析 ‎【名师点睛】本题是考查情态动词，这里考查的是语气的强度，在这里结合语境是“一定”的意思，所以要做好此类辨析题需掌握情态动词选项的语气并结合语境。‎ ‎2.【2019·北京】34. If I _____it with my own eyes ,I wouldn’t have believed it.‎ A . didn’t see B. weren’t seeing C. wouldn’t see D. hadn’t seen ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：如果不是我亲眼看到，我不会相信。根据后半句wouldn’t have believed可以判断是对过去的虚拟。所以从句是if+主语+ had+done的形式。故选D。‎ ‎【考点定位】虚拟语气 ‎【名师点睛】条件句中有if引导时,首先要根据句意和句子结构判断是真实条件句还是虚拟条件句,如果符合虚拟的结构,就可以根据句子中的时间和语意判断应该用哪种虚拟语气。‎ ‎3.【2019·重庆】7. Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway____ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.‎ A. didn’t write B. hadn’t written ‎ C. wouldn’t write D. wouldn’t have written ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【考点定位】 考查虚拟语气 ‎ ‎【名师点睛】虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测建议等含义，表示的含义不是客观存在的事实，此类的题目一般难度不大，主要找对时间状语，并且看分清时间状语与主句还是从句有关系，再来确定用对现在，过去还是将来的虚拟。‎ ‎4.【2019·重庆】12. You ____ be Carol. You haven’t changed a bit after all these years.‎ A. must B. can C. will D. shall ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】 ‎ 试题分析：句意：你肯定是卡罗，这些年你一点也没有变化。 must表示对现在的肯定推测。 故选A。 ‎ ‎【考点定位】考查情态动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】must 表推测的用法 must 表示很有把握的推测，其意为“一定会”“肯定会”，只用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句或疑问句。表示对现在或未来的情况作推测，后接动词原形。You have worked hard all day. You must be tired 你辛苦一整天，一定累了（对现在情况的推测判断）I didn’t hear the phone. I must have be asleep. 我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。‎ ‎5.【2019·浙江】4. It was so noisy that we hear ourselves speak.‎ ‎ A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D needn’t ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：太吵了，以致我们不能够听到我们在说什么？A的意思是不能，B的意思是不应该，C的意思是禁止，D的意思是不需要。该题用到了一个so +形容词+ that的句式，做题时应该正确理解句意及这个句式的用法。正确理解这是表达不能还是表达其他的东西。must只能用于肯定句，用于否定句表示禁止，这一点尤其要注意因为往往会出错。如果表示一种可能往往是can 的形式（过去时态使用could）‎ ‎【考点定位】考查情态动词 ‎【名师点睛】情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但它不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点，每年单项填空题必考一题。考点集中在：情态动词表示推测的基本用法及区别，情态动词否定式的用法辨析，“情态动词+have done”的用法区别等。‎ ‎6.【2019·天津】7. I ______ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.‎ A. mightn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. couldn’t ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：我来新学校之前本没有必要担心，因为在这里我的同学对我非常友好。needn’t have done本没有必要做某事，表示实际上已经做了某事。根据句意可知选C。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查情态动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题考查情态动词。分析此题需抓住后句for my classmates here are very friendly to me.可知此处为本没有必要做某事，mightn’t也许不；mustn’t不允许；couldn’t不可能。再根据句意可以选出正确答案。‎ ‎7.【2019·天津】13. I wish I ______ at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.‎ A. will be B. would be ‎ C. have been D. had been ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【考点定位】考查虚拟语气。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题考查wish引导的虚拟语气。由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气：1．用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。2．用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。3．wish 用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。分析此题需抓住时间状语last Tuesday，可以判断出此题wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望。‎ ‎8.【2019·四川】2.You _____be careful with the camera. It costs!‎ A .must B. may C. can D. will ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查情态动词。根据下文的it costs可知，照相机很昂贵，故选择A，意为：你一定要非常小心对待照相机，它很昂贵。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查情态动词 ‎【名师点睛】考查情态动词的用法。情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点，此题主要考查情态动词基本意义的辨析。因此考生需要熟知选项中每个选项的具体意义以及之间的用法区别，然后根据句意选择正确的选项。选项B意为可能；选项C意为能够、有时会；选项D意为会、愿意等。根据句意，是说话人提出的要求，故选择A，表示必须。‎ ‎9.【2019·陕西】21. You feel all the training a waste of time, but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it.‎ A. should B. need C. shall D. may ‎【答案】D ‎【考点定位】考查情态动词 ‎【名师点睛】情态动词主要考查句意和说话人的语气的强弱，同样是“可能”can表示“客观上可能”，may/might表示“不太确定的可能”，should“按道理”应该。弄清它们的区别再结合上下文语境就不难理解了。‎ ‎10.【2019·陕西】23. Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I as well as her.‎ A. dance B. will dance C. had danced D. danced ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：Ellen是一个很棒的舞蹈演员。但愿我能和她跳得一样好。I wish“但愿”后面接宾语从句用虚拟语气，和现在相反用一般过去时，所以选C。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查虚拟语气 ‎【名师点睛】虚拟语气表示一些事与愿违或和事实不符的情况。有一些规则要记忆，如一些固定句型，还有要记住这些句型中动词的形式。I wish“但愿”后面接宾语从句用虚拟语气，和现在相反用一般过去时，‎ 和过去相反用过去完成时，和将来相反用could/would do sth。‎ ‎11.【2019·福建】27.—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.‎ ‎—Oh, it's too bad. You have made full preparations.‎ A. must B. can C. would D. should ‎【答案】D.‎ ‎【考点定位】考查考查情态动词+have done结构 ‎【名师点睛】情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但它不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点，每年单项填空题必考一题。考点集中在：情态动词表示推测的基本用法及区别，情态动词否定式的用法辨析，“情态动词+have done”的用法区别等。‎ ‎12.【2019·江苏】28. It might have saved me some trouble ______ the schedule.‎ A. did I know B. have I known C. do I know D. had I known ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：如果我早知道日程安排，可能会省去我一些麻烦。根据题干中might have saved可知主句是对过去的虚拟，从句应用if I had known与主句保持一致。if虚拟条件句中含有had时，可将if省去，同时将had提前构成倒装结构。故选D项。虚拟语气重要做题原则：根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间, 一般要保持一致，但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。另外，当 if 条件句中含有助动词 had，should 或 were 时, 可以省略 if，而将 had, should 或 were提到句首，从而构成倒装虚拟条件句。‎ ‎【考点定位】虚拟语气 ‎【名师点睛】虚拟语气重要做题原则：根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间, 一般要保持一致，但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。另外，当 if 条件句中含有助动词 had，should 或 were 时, 可以省略 if，而将 had, should 或 were提到句首，从而构成倒装虚拟条件句。‎ ‎13.【2019·安徽】32.It is lucky we booked a room, or we ______nowhere to stay now.‎ A. had B. had had C. would have D. would have had ‎【答案】C ‎【考点定位】考查虚拟语气 ‎【名师点睛】本题考查含蓄虚拟语气和错综时间虚拟语气。比较常见的是if引导的虚拟条件句，由otherwise, or, without等引出的相反的情况被称为“含蓄虚拟语气”。or引出相反的情况，对过去虚拟，主句用would+have done，但是主句中有“now”，表示与现在相反，因此用would+动词原形。 ‎ ‎2019年试题 专题06情态动词和虚拟语气 ‎1.【2019·全国大纲卷】30.Although you ______ find bargains in London, its not generally a cheap place to shop.‎ A. should B. need C. must D. can ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查情态动词的用法。句意：尽管你能在伦敦找到便宜货，但是一般不是购物便宜的地方。此处can意为：能。根据句意选D。‎ 考点：考查情态动词的用法。‎ ‎【名师点睛】考查情态动词的用法。情态动词是每年高考的热点与难点，此题主要考查情态动词基本意义的辨析，属于比较简单的考查内容。考生需要熟知选项中每个选项的具体意义以及之间的用法区别，然后根据句意选择正确的选项。根据句意，是说话人对于可能性的描述，故选择D，表示能。‎ ‎2.【2019·重庆卷】3. I’ve ordered some pizza, so we _______ worry about cooking when we get home tired.‎ ‎ A. can’t B. dare not C. needn’t D. may not ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：因为买了比萨饼，无需担心回家后疲劳还要做饭。故选择C项。needn’t意为“无必要”。can’t表示“无能力”；dare not表示“无勇气”；may not表示“推断”。‎ 考点：考查情态动词的基本用法。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题考查情态动词。分析此题需抓住前句I’ve ordered some pizza.我已经预定了披萨饼，可知后面为不需要做某事，needn’t意为“无必要做某事”。can’t表示“无能力做某事”；dare not表示“无勇气、不敢做某事”；may not表示“推断”。再根据句意可以选出正确答案。‎ ‎3.【2019·重庆卷】10. --- I spent two weeks in London last summer.‎ ‎ --- Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay, _______ you?‎ ‎ A. mustn’t B. haven’t C. didn’t D. hadn’t ‎【答案】C 考点：考查情态动词的推断用法。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题考查特殊反义疑问句。A、B选项都是干扰选项，考生要注意调动知识储存来判断，没有A这种反问形式。这里结合情态动词考查反义疑问句，有两点注意：1、陈述部分有must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。如：He must be a doctor, isn't he? /You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? didn't you?/He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he? 2、 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。如:We need not do it again, need we ?/He dare not say so, dare you?当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。如：She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?根据第一个知识点可以选出正确答案。‎ ‎4.【2019·重庆卷】13. It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I _______ it?‎ ‎ A. had done B. have done C. did D. am doing ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：题意：John打坏了窗户，为什么跟“我”谈话？好像是“我”打坏了窗户似的。题中broke表明“打坏窗户”发生在“过去”。as if / though后面的从句用had done表示对“过去”的虚拟。故A项正确。‎ 考点：考查虚拟语气的用法。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题考查含蓄虚拟语气。比较常见的是if引导的虚拟条件句，由otherwise, or, without等引出的相反的情况被称为“含蓄虚拟语气”。本题是As if引出虚拟的情况，“好像是我把窗户打碎了一样”，这是对过去虚拟，主句用had done，A选项正确。‎ ‎5.【2019·北京卷】34. We __________ back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map.‎ A. are B. were ‎ C. will be D. would be ‎【答案】D ‎ 考点：考查虚拟语气的用法 ‎【名师点睛】错综时间虚拟语气做题原则：根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间, 一般要保持一致，但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。本题中有关键词now，可以知道是说话人现在在表达责备意思，丢失地图在过去发生，对现在情况的推测要用would do/be形式。‎ ‎6.【2019·北京卷】_______ I have a word with you? It won’t take long. ‎ A. Can B. Must C. Shall D. Should ‎【答案】A.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本题考查情态动词，考查方式为情态动词词义辨析。句意：我能和你谈话吗？不会很长时间的。根据上下文可知，说话人在请求听话人允许不长时间的一个交谈，所以选择表示“能不能或可以不可以”的A 考点：考查情态动词的用法。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题考查情态动词。与2019年北京卷29题相似Can’t you stay a little longer? —It’s getting late. I really __must___go now, My daughter is home alone.也是类似题型。这里考查的是语气的强度，结合语境是能不能或可以不可以的意思，所以要做好此类辨析题需掌握情态动词选项的语气并结合语境。考生要持续关注情态动词这一考点。‎ ‎7.【2019·江西卷】30. Life is unpredictable; even the poorest __become the richest.‎ A. shall B. must C. need D. might ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析： 根据句子意思，后句讲的是一种可能性。Need 需要；must 一定；shall 表较大的可能性，如：With an early start he should be here by noon. 动身得早，他中午就该到这里了。shall表示推断时，语气较肯定，通常是指非常可能的事(因为暗示有一定的事实依据或合乎常理)，而may, might, could等表示推测时，则语气较不肯定，尤其是might, could。 因此D选项正确。句意为“ 人生是不可预测的；甚至最穷的也可能变得最有钱。”‎ 考点：考查情态动词的用法 ‎【名师点睛】在本题中，情态动词主要考查句意和说话人语气的强弱。首先排除B、C项。B过于肯定，C与题意不符。同样是“可能” shall表示说话者的意图、告诫、威胁、命令、决心等应该；必须；一定会。may/might表示“不太确定的可能”。弄清它们的区别再结合上下文语境就不难理解了。‎ ‎8.【2019·四川卷】6. I still remember my happy childhood when my mother ______ take me to Disneyland at weekends.‎ A. might              B. must                 ‎ C. would               D. should ‎【答案】C 考点：考查情态动词和虚拟语气。‎ ‎【名师点睛】考查情态动词的用法。每年高考几乎都会考查情态动词，此题主要考查情态动词基本意义的辨析。因此考生需要熟知选项中每个选项的具体意义以及之间的用法区别，然后根据句意选择正确的选项。Would可以表示“过去常常”，强调过去经常发生的事情。根据句意，是妈妈经常带我去迪士尼，故选择C。‎ ‎9.【2019·福建卷】32. no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.‎ A. Were there B. Had there been C .If there are D. If there have been ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：对现在情况的虚拟，条件句中用一般过去时，主句用“ would/ should/ might/ could +动词原形。虚拟条件句中有had, should, were时，可以将if去掉，然后把had, should, were提到主语前面。所以选A。句意：如果没有现代的通信，我们将会等上几周的时间才能得到来自世界的新闻。‎ ‎【知识拓展】‎ 虚拟条件句的基本类型与结构。一、与现在事实相反。若与现在事实相反，虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。二、与过去事实相反。若与过去事实相反，虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”。三、与将来事实相反。若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。‎ 考点：考查虚拟条件句。‎ ‎【名师点睛】考查倒装虚拟条件句。遇到此类题目，采取还原句子的方式解题。原句是If there were no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world，倒装的步骤如下：当 if 条件句中含有助动词 had，should 或 were 时, 可以省略 if，而将 had, should 或 were提到句首，从而构成倒装虚拟条件句。‎ ‎10.【2019·江苏卷】31. It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, ________ bring me food.‎ A. might B. would C. should D. could ‎【答案】C 考点：考查情态动词用法 ‎【名师点睛】考查情态动词的常规用法。‎ 情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但它不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词一起构成谓语。本题表达的就是说话人的惊奇的语气。考试考点集中在：情态动词表示推测的基本用法及区别，情态动词否定式的用法辨析，“情态动词+have done”的用法区别等。‎ ‎11.【2019·陕西卷】25. My book, The House of Hales, is missing. Who ________ have taken it?‎ A. need B. must C. should D. could ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】试题分析：考查情态动词辨析及语境理解。Need用在情态动词，只用在否定句和疑问句中，“必要”；must“必须”，表示肯定推测，用在肯定句中；should“应该、竟然”；could“能够、可能”。题干中的说话人书丢了，应该是猜测可能是谁拿走了，故选D。‎ 考点：考查情态动词辨析及语境理解。‎ ‎【名师点睛】考查情态动词在语境中的辨析。本题与2019年江苏卷31题相似，It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, should bring me food. 本题表达的是肯定语气，江苏卷是惊奇的语气。这里考查的是语气的强度，在这里结合语境是“可能”的意思，所以要做好此类辨析题需掌握情态动词选项的语气并结合语境。‎ ‎12.【2019·安徽卷】30．People are recycling many things which they away in the past.‎ A. had thrown B. will be throwing C. were throwing D. would have thrown ‎【答案】D ‎【知识拓展】‎ 考点：考查含蓄虚拟语气 所谓含蓄条件句就是利用语境不直接说出条件的句子。这种句子可以分为两类：一种是广义的含蓄条件句，另一种是狭义的含蓄条件句。1. 广义含蓄指的是不用连词 if 或 unless 介绍条件，而是改用其他方式。实上这些表达方式也是同样是条件状语。（1）用介词引入条件： * but for（如不是, 如没有）：注意，凡是出现这个复合介词的句子，必须要用虚拟语气， * without/with (在不具备/具备…的条件下), * under （在…条件下）（2）分词短语充当条件（分词短语本身就具有充当条件状语的功能），（3）表示不具备条件的连词连词：but,but that,or或otherwise，2. 狭义含蓄指的是不用任何语言方式显示条件，而是把条件隐藏在具体的原环境中，（1）用上下文暗示条件，（2）用委婉语气暗示条件，（3）用表示愿望的语气暗示条件。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题考查的是含蓄虚拟语气从句。考生要善于分析句意，首先要根据句意和句子结构判断是真实条件句还是虚拟条件句,如果符合虚拟的结构,就可以根据句子中的语意和时间判断应该用哪种虚拟语气。结尾的in the past暗示了是对过去的虚拟，所以要用would+ have done形式。‎ ‎13.【2019·湖南卷】If Mr. Dewey _____ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to ‎ the people there.‎ A. were B. had been G. should be D. was ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查虚拟语气用法。本题考查的是if条件从句与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故从句用had + v-ed，主句用would / could/ should / might + v-ed。句意：如果Dewey先生在场的话，他会提供那里人们的任何可能的帮助。故B正确。‎ 考点：考查动虚拟语气用法 ‎【知识拓展】‎ ‎1. 表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：一般过去时（虚拟语气中be→were）主句用：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。‎ If we had time now, we would read it again.‎ If I were you, I would work hard.‎ ‎2. 表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：had+过去分词；主句：would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词。‎ If I had known your telephone number then, I would have called you.‎ ‎3. 表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：①一般过去时②should +动词原形③were to+动词原形；主句：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。‎ If it should rain, the crops would be saved.‎ ‎【名师点睛】本句的关键在后半句“he would have offered any possible assistance”，根据主句的时态我们可以推断出从句的形式，虚拟语气的规则是：表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：had+过去分词；主句：would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词。所以不难选出正确答案。 ‎ ‎14.【2019·湖南卷】25. — I’ve prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.‎ ‎—Do you mean we_____ bring anything with us?‎ A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shan’t D. needn't ‎【答案】D 考点：考查情态动词用法 ‎【名师点睛】本题和2019年天津卷第7题类似I need not have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me. 本题考查情态动词。分析此题需抓住前句 I’ve prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.我已经准备好了野餐的食物了，可知此处为没有必要做某事，A. can’t不能够；B. mustn’t不许，不可以；C. shan’t将不；D. needn't不必。再根据句意可以选出正确答案。‎ ‎15.【2019·浙江卷】16. They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they _____ to our help.‎ ‎   A. would have come   B. could come           C. have come          D. had come ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】试题分析：这里when引导的是定语从句，修饰前面的名词months;根据谓语动词were可知事情发生过去，or后是对过去的虚拟，所以应该用would have done，故选A。句意：在我们进行调查期间他们在国外，要不然的话他们就来帮忙。‎ 考点：考查虚拟语气。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题与2019年安徽卷第32题类似.It is lucky we booked a room, or we would have nowhere to stay now. 本题考查含蓄虚拟语气和错综时间虚拟语气。常见的是if引导的虚拟条件句，由otherwise, or, without等引出的相反的情况被称为“含蓄虚拟语气”。or引出相反的情况，对过去虚拟，主句用would+have done，表示与过去相反，不难选出正确答案。‎ ‎2019年试题 ‎1.【2019浙江】I ________ myself more—it was a perfect day.‎ A. shouldn’t have enjoyed B. needn’t have enjoyed C. wouldn’t have enjoyed D. couldn’t have enjoyed ‎【答案】D ‎【名师点睛】情态动词+have done的用法：情态动词无论是表达“推测和可能性”，还是表达“虚拟”这一概念，只要是对过去已经发生的事情进行描述，一律用“情态动词+have done”这一结构；对现在或将来的事情进行描述，用“情态动词+动词或系动词原形”。注意不同的情态动词和have done搭配的含义。否定的推测一般使用couldn’t have done。‎ ‎2.[2019·陕西卷]The children lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.‎ A. must have got B. must get C. should have got D. should get ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气。由otherwise后的would have ‎ been可知时对过去情况的推测。而此处情态动词表示猜测，意思是：一定，肯定，用must；表示对过去发生的动作的猜测，其形式是must +have done，故选A。句意是：孩子们一定是在树林里迷路了，否则他们会按计划到达湖边的营地。‎ ‎【名师点睛】情态动词+have done可以表示推测和虚拟：“must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。“can't+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成“不可能做过某事”。 “may+have+done”表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”，用于肯定句中。 “could+have+done”是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。 “would+have+done”虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”。‎ ‎3.[2019·重庆卷] —It rained cats and dogs this morning.I'm glad we took an umbrella.‎ ‎—Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we ________. ‎ A．hadn't B．haven't C．didn't D．don't ‎【答案】A　‎ ‎【名师点睛】if的虚拟语气非常重要，简要概括如下：1、表示与现在事实相反的情况，从句：If主语+过去时(Be动词用were)；主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do：　2、表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句：If主语+had+done；主句：主语+should/would/could/might+have done　3、表示对将来情况的主观推测，从句：①if+主语+were to do②if+主语+should+do ③if+主语+did（动词过去式）/were ；主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do。‎ ‎4.[2019·重庆卷] —What are you doing this Saturday?‎ ‎—I'm not sure, but I ________ go to the Rolling Stones concert.‎ A．must B．would C．should D．might ‎【答案】D 　‎ ‎【解析】考查情态动词。由前面的I'm not sure 可知是不太确定，因此用might表示有可能。‎ ‎【名师点睛】情态动词是高考中的必考内容，也是教学的难点。因为相似的情态动词容易混淆，导致学生掌握起来较难。掌握情态动词的用法关键把握以下几点：1.熟记情态动词的用法；2.理解句意结合说话人语气解题。may，might表示没有把握的推测，这句话的I'm not sure可以表明说话人的语气。‎ ‎5. [2019·天津卷] No one ________ be more generous; he has a heart of gold.‎ A. could B. must C．dare D．need ‎【答案】A　‎ ‎【解析】考查情态动词。后句说他有一颗金子般的心，前句表达的是“没人比他更慷慨”；此句是“否定词＋形容词的比较级”相当于形容词的最高级。句意：没人比他更慷慨了；他有一颗金子般的心。 ‎ ‎【名师点睛】掌握情态动词的用法关键把握以下几点：1.熟记情态动词的用法；2.理解句意结合说话人语气解题。这里考查can，could的固定搭配“can’t/couldn’t＋形容词的比较级”相当于形容词的最高级的用法。‎ ‎6. [2019·课标全国卷Ⅱ] Since nobody gave him any help, he ________ have done the research on his own.‎ A. can B. must C. would D. need ‎【答案】B　‎ ‎【名师点睛】情态动词+完成式要注意把握时间概念。情态动词无论是表达“推测和可能性”，还是表达“虚拟”这一概念，只要是对过去已经发生的事情进行描述，一律用“情态动词+have done”这一结构。肯定推测用must have done，否定推测用can’t/couldn’t have done.‎ ‎7. [2019·江西卷] 29 When I was a child, I ________ watch TV whenever I wanted to.‎ A. should B. could C. must D. need ‎【答案】B　‎ ‎【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意：当我还是孩子时，我想看电视时就可以看。should意为“应该，将会”；could意为“可以，能够”，符合语境；must意为“必须，应该，一定”；need意为“需要，必须”。‎ ‎【名师点睛】情态动词是高考中的必考内容。相似的情态动词容易混淆，学生掌握起来较难。掌握情态动词的用法关键把握以下几点：1.熟记情态动词的用法；2.理解句意结合说话人语气解题。这里考查的can,could的基本用法“能够”。‎ ‎8.[2019·四川卷] —Why are your eyes so red? You ________ have slept well last night.‎ ‎—Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report.‎ A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. won't ‎【答案】A　‎ ‎【解析】考查情态动词。can't＋have done对过去发生的事的否定推测。句意：——为什么你的眼睛那么红？你昨晚可能睡得不好。——是啊，我熬夜写报告。‎ ‎【名师点睛】情态动词和完成时搭配既可以表示推测又可以表示虚拟，容易混淆，导致学生掌握起来较难。做题时首先根据情景判断是哪一种，这句话是推测的含义。推测的否定形式，疑问形式用can't, couldn't表示。‎ ‎9.[2019·湖南卷] He ________ sleep, although he tried to, when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it.‎ ‎ A. wouldn't B. shouldn't C. couldn't D. mustn't ‎【答案】C　 ‎ ‎【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：尽管他想睡，但是却睡不着，当时他一直在拼命想着一件事，一直到想清楚为止。此处couldn't意为 “不能”，符合题意。‎ ‎【名师点睛】情态动词是高考中的常考点。相似的情态动词容易混淆，学生掌握起来较难。掌握情态动词的用法关键把握以下几点：1.熟记情态动词的用法；2.理解句意结合说话人语气解题。这里考查的是情态动词的否定的含义。couldn't “不能”。‎ ‎10. [2019·江苏] I should not have laughed if I ________ you were serious.‎ A．thought B．would think C．had thought D．have thought ‎【答案】C　‎ ‎【名师点睛】在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。首先要记住虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式，在做题的时候分清是和现在，过去还是将来相反的情况，分别用不同的动词时态。‎ ‎11. [2019·福建卷] 30—Do you think George has passed the driving test?‎ ‎—No. If so, he ________his car to our college yesterday.‎ A. would drive B. drove C. would have driven D. had driven ‎ 【答案】C　‎ ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气的用法。 根据答语可知，乔治没有通过驾考。 “如果通过了……”是与过去事实相反，所以主句动词应用“would ＋ 动词完成时”。句意为：——你认为乔治已经通过驾照考试了吗？——我认为没有。如果他通过了，他昨天就会开车来我们大学。‎ ‎【名师点睛】虚拟条件句可以单独作为一个语法项目，因为它涉及不同的时间，导致学生掌握起来较难。掌握虚拟条件句的用法关键把握以下几点：1.理解句意；2.判断句意是事实还是虚拟；3.结合不同时间的虚拟条件句和主句的形式答题。‎ ‎12. [2019·北京卷] If we ________ a table earlier, we wouldn't be standing here in a queue.‎ A. have booked B. booked C. book D. had booked ‎【答案】D　‎ ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气。条件句“如果我们早订了桌子”是对过去的假设，所以用过去完成时的形式，选D。‎ ‎【名师点睛】虚拟语气是高考中的必考内容，也是教学的难点。有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致（表示错综时间的虚拟语气），这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。‎ ‎13. [2019·北京卷] 35—You needn't take an umbrella. It isn't going to rain.‎ ‎—Well, I don't know. It ________do.‎ A. might B. need C. would D. should ‎【答案】A　‎ ‎【解析】考查情态动词。对于下雨与否不知道，所以选用语气最弱的情态动词might，仅仅表示非常不肯定的猜测。‎ ‎【名师点睛】情态动词是高考中的必考内容，也是教学的难点。因为相似的情态动词容易混淆，导致学生掌握起来较难。掌握情态动词的用法关键把握以下几点：1.熟记情态动词的用法；2.理解句意结合说话人语气解题。may，might表示没有把握的推测，这句话的I don't know.可以表明说话人的语气。‎ ‎14. [2019·安徽卷] It ________ be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.‎ A．may B．couldn't C．should D．needn't ‎【答案】B　 ‎ ‎【名师点睛】情态动词是高考中的常考点。相似的情态动词容易混淆，学生掌握起来较难。掌握情态动词的用法关键把握以下几点：1.熟记情态动词的用法；2.理解句意结合说话人语气解题。这里考查的是情态动词的否定推测的含义。couldn't “不可能”。‎ ‎15. [2019·安徽卷] I ________ to my cousin's birthday party last night, but I was not available.‎ ‎ A．went B．had gone C．would go D．would have gone ‎【答案】D　 ‎ ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气。前一分句使用了含蓄条件虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反的假设，主句应该用would have done结构。完整表达是：I would have gone to my cousin's birthday party last night if I had been available。‎ ‎【名师点睛】情态动词的完成式是高中阶段的重难点之一，需要考生熟记它们的用法，有的虚拟语气是隐含在句中，要学会辨别。这题可以根据but I was not available.这个事实，判断前面的句子是与事实不符的，用虚拟语气。‎ ‎16. [2019·辽宁卷] Harry is feeling uncomfortable.He ________ too much at he party last night.‎ A．could drink B．should drink C．would have drunk D．must have drunk ‎【答案】D　‎ ‎【解析】考查情态动词。 must have done表示对过去肯定推测，句意“他昨晚在派对上一定喝多了”。‎ ‎【名师点睛】情态动词表推测注意以下解题步骤：认真审题，结合所给出的语境，正确把握说话者的语气、情感、态度、观点等。认真思考所给选项中情态动词的基本特征和用法，并结合语境推敲答案。要注意把握时间概念。‎ ‎17. [2019·天津卷] If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he ________ able to speak it much better now.‎ A. will be B. would be C．has been D．would have been ‎【答案】B　‎ ‎【名师点睛】虚拟条件句可以单独作为一个语法项目，因为它涉及不同的时间，导致学生掌握起来较难。掌握虚拟条件句的用法关键把握以下几点：1.理解句意；2.判断句意是事实还是虚拟；3.结合不同时间的虚拟条件句和主句的形式答题。有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致（表示错综时间的虚拟语气），这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。‎ ‎18. [2019·新课标全国卷Ⅰ] The door________ open, no matter how hard she pushed.‎ ‎ A. shouldn't B. couldn't C. wouldn't D. mightn't ‎【答案】C 　‎ ‎【解析】本题考查情态动词的用法。此处would not用来表达：即使某人努力让某事发生，某事就是不发生。即为“偏不”的意思。故C正确。句意：无论她怎么用力推，门就是打不开。‎ ‎【名师点睛】情态动词的考查几乎每年都有一两道题。一般情况下，试题会给一个特定的情景，要求学生在理解句意和情景的情况下做题。考查要点主要包括： 1、弄清情态动词的基本特点；2、区别相似情态动词的不同；3、做题时要结合句意和情景；4、说话人的语气强弱也要考虑。will ，would可以表示习惯性的动作，有“总是”、“惯于”的含义。 ‎ ‎19. [2019·陕西卷]My mom suggests that we eat out for a change this weekend.‎ ‎ A. should B. might C. could D. Would ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气。题干中主句的谓语动词是suggest，其后跟宾语从句时用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可以省略，故选A。句意：我妈妈建议说本周末改变一下，我们出去吃饭。‎ ‎【名师点睛】英语中表示“要求”的词，require, ask ,tell, demand；表示“建议”的词，suggest, recommend, advice；表示“命令”的词，order,command ；表示“坚持”的词，insist。他们后面接 should+动词原形的虚拟语气。should可以省略。如果是这些词的名词，后面的同位语从句和表语从句都是用虚拟语气。‎ ‎20.【2019浙江】Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam ______ at the age of six months old.‎ A. was B. be C. were D. is ‎【答案】B ‎【名师点睛】英语中有4——四个表示“要求”的词，require, ask ,tell, demand；3——三个表示“建议”的词，suggest, recommend, advice；2——两个表示“命令”的词，order,command ； 1——一个表示“坚持”的词，insist。他们后面接 should+动词原形 的虚拟语气。should可以省略。‎