高考英语语法要点专题复习12

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高考英语语法要点专题复习12

‎2013届高三英语语法要点精讲(配最新高考+模拟)‎ 专题12 情态动词 ‎【考纲解读】‎ 情态动词与虚拟语气有千丝万缕的联系,它们往往放在一起考查。在近年高考题中,对情态动词的考查几乎每年都有纵观近几年的高考题可以看出,高考对情态动词的考查热点依次是:(1)推测和可能性;(2)“情态动词+have done”结构表示猜测或表示虚拟语气;(3)shall, should, can, must表示特定语气。 尤其是对“情态动词+have done”结构的考查频率较高。试题的情景设置往往生动、真实,但考查的角度趋于细微化和综合化,有效信息较为隐蔽,这就决定了情态动词题是难题之一。情态动词题每年都考,所以本专题在高考中的重要地位是显而易见的。因而在复习中应引起高度重视,且依笔者之见,来年高考中对情态动词考查的可能性依然非常大。‎ ‎【知识要点】‎ 一、情态动词的语法特征 ‎1.情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情,只表示期待或估计某事的发生。 ‎2.情态动词 除ought 和have 外,后面只能接不带to 的不定式。 ‎3.情态动词没有人称、数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。 ‎4.情态动词没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式,分词等形式。 二、情态动词的基本用法 ‎1.比较can 和be able to ‎1)can could 表示能力;可能 (过去时用could),只用于现在时和过去时(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。 They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。 ‎2)只用be able to中情况: 位于助动词后; 情态动词后; 表示过去某时刻动作时; 用于句首表示条件; 表示成功地做了某事时,只能用was/were able to,不能用could。 He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out. ‎=He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out. 战争爆发前,他就逃离欧洲了。 注意:could不表示时态,表示 提出委婉的请求(注意在回答中不可用could)。在否定,疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。 ‎—Could I have the television on? ‎—Yes,you can./No,you can’t. He couldn’t be a bad man.他不大可能是坏人。‎ ‎2.比较may和might ‎1)表示允许或请求;表示没有把握的推测;may 放在句首,表示祝愿。 May God bless you!愿上帝保佑你! He might be at home.他有可能在家。 注意:might 表示推测时,不表示时态。只是可能性比may 小。 ‎2) may/might as well,后面接不带to 的不定式,意为“不妨,还是……好”。 You may(just) as well tell me the truth.你还是对我说实话好。‎ ‎3.比较have to和must ‎1)两词都是“必须”的意思,have to 表示客观的需要, must 表示说话人主观上的看法,即主观上的必要。 My brother was very ill,so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事) He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事)  ‎2)have to有人称、数、时态的变化,而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。 He had to look after his sister yesterday. 昨天他不得不照看他的妹妹。 ‎3)在否定结构中: don’t have to 表示“不必”;mustn’t表示“禁止” You don’t have to tell him about it.你不一定要把此事告诉他。 You mustn’t tell him about it.你一定不要把这件事告诉他。‎ ‎4.must表示推测 ‎1)must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测,意为“一定”。 ‎2)must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时, must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。 You have worked hard all day.You must be tired. 你辛苦干一整天,一定累了。(对现在情况的推测判断) He must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。 比较:He must be staying there.他现在肯定在那里。 He must stay there.他必须待在那里。  ‎3)must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时,must 要接完成式。 I didn’t hear the phone.I must have been asleep. 我刚才没有听到电话,我想必是睡着了。 ‎4)must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测,must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。 ‎—Why didn’t you answer my phone call? ‎—Well,I must have been sleeping,so I didn’t hear it. ‎5)否定推测用can’t。 If Tom didn’t leave here until five o’clock,he can’t be home yet. 如果汤姆五点才离开这儿,他此时一定还未到家。‎ ‎5.表示推测的用法 can,could,may,might,must 皆可表示推测,其用法如下: ‎1)情态动词+动词原形 表示对现在或将来的情况的推测,此时动词通常为系动词。 I don’t know where she is,she may be in Wuhan.我不知道她在哪儿,她可能在武汉。 ‎2)情态动词+动词现在进行时 表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。 At this moment,our teacher must be correcting our exam papers. 这时,我们老师想必在批改试卷。 ‎3)情态动词+动词完成时表示对过去情况的推测。 We would have finished this work by the end of next December. 明年12月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。 The road is wet.It must have rained last night. 地是湿的,昨天晚上一定下雨了。 ‎4)情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。 Your mother must have been looking for you. 你妈妈一定一直在找你。 ‎5)推测的否定形式,疑问形式用can’t,couldn’t表示。 Mike can’t have found his car,for he came to work by bus this morning. 迈克一定还没有找回他的车,因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。 注意:could,might表示推测时不表示时态,其推测的程度不如can,may。‎ ‎6.情态动词+have+过去分词 ‎1)may(might)have+done sth.can (could)have+done sth.表示过去,推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。 Philip may (might)have been hurt seriously in the car accident. 飞利浦在那场车祸中有可能伤的很严重。 ‎2)must have+done sth.对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测,语气较强,具有“肯定”“谅必”的意思。 ‎—Linda has gone to work,but her bicycle is still here. ‎—She must have gone by bus. ‎3)ought to have done sth.should have done sth.本应该做某事,而事实上并没有做。否定句表示“不该做某事而做了”。 He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.(事实上已扔了。) ought to 在语气上比should 要强。 ‎4)needn’t have done sth.本没必要做某事 I dressed very warmly for the trip,but I needn’t have done so.The ‎ weather was hot. 那次旅行,我穿的非常暖和,但我本没有必要那么去做。天太热了。 ‎5)would like to have done sth.‎ 本打算做某事 I would like to have read the article,but I was very busy then. 我本想读那本书,但我那时太忙了。‎ ‎7.should 和ought to should 和ought to 都为“应该”的意思,可用于各种人称。 ‎—Ought he to go? ‎—Yes.I think he ought to. 表示要求,命令时,语气由 should(应该),had better最好),must(必须)渐强。‎ ‎8.had better表示“最好” had better 相当于一个助动词,它只有一种形式,它后面要跟动词原形。 had better do sth.最好干某事 had better not do sth.最好不干某事 had better have done sth.表示与事实相反的结果,意为“本来最好”。‎ ‎9.would rather表示“宁愿” would rather do 宁可干某事 would rather not do 宁可不干某事 would rather...than... 宁愿……而不愿 还有would sooner,had rather,had sooner都表示“宁愿”“宁可”的意思。 I would rather stay here than go home.=I would stay here rather than go home. 我宁可待在这儿也不回家。‎ ‎10.will和would ‎1)would like;would like to do=want to 想要,为固定搭配。 Would you like to go with me?你想和我一块儿去吗? ‎2)Will you...? Would you like...?表示肯定含义的请求劝说时,疑问句 中一般用some,而不是any。 ‎ Would you like some cake?要蛋糕吗? ‎3)否定结构中用will,一般不用would,won’t you是一种委婉语气。 Won’t you sit down?你不坐吗?‎ ‎11.情态动词的回答方式 问句     肯定回答 否定回答 Need you...? Yes,I must. No,I needn’t Must you...?/ don’t have to.‎ ‎12.带to 的情态动词 带to 的情态动词有四个:ought to,have to,used to,be to,如加上have got to(=must),be able to,为六个。它们的疑问,否定形式应予以注意: Do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month? She didn’t use to play tennis before she was fourteen. You ought not to have told her all about it. Ought he to see a heart specialist at once. ought to 本身作为情态动词使用。其他的词作为实义动词使用,变疑问、否定时,须有do 等助动词协助。‎ ‎13.比较need和dare 这两词既可作实义动词用,又可作情态动词用。作为情态动词,两者都只能用于疑问句,否定句和条件句。 need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to,而dare作实义动词用时,后面的to 时常可以被省略。 ‎1)实义动词:need(需要,要求) need+n./to do sth. ‎2)情态动词:need,只用原形need后加do,否定形式为need not。 Need you go yet?‎ Yes,I must./No,I needn’t. ‎3)need 的被动含义:need,want,require,worth(形容词)后面接doing,也 可以表示被动:‎ need doing=need to be done ‎【考点诠释】‎ 情态动词考点透析 考点一、情态动词基本含义的考查 ‎ 情态动词的基本含义,一直是高考考查的重要内容。例如: ‎ ‎1. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone______get out. A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could ‎ ‎2. When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. ‎ ‎—They______be ready by 12:00. ‎ A. can B. should C. might D. need ‎ ‎【解析】can:能够;should:应该,表示责任、义务。Might:可能;need:需要。它们应该在12点前准备好。所以,答案是B。 ‎ 二、情态动词表示推测的考查 ‎ 对情态动词表示推测的用法,是高考考查情态动词的一个重要方面。例如: ‎ ‎1. Sorry, I’m late. I______have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again . ‎ A. might B. should C. can D. will ‎ ‎【解析】might have done : (过去)可能做过某事;shouldhave ‎ done :本应该做某事。根据本句提供的情境I’m late 表明说话人可能把闹钟关上了。答案是:A。 ‎ ‎2. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon,so he______your lecture. ‎ A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t have attended ‎ C. mustn’t have attended D. shouldn’t have attended ‎ ‎【解析】couldn’t have done: (过去)不可能做某事; needn’t have done:本来不必做某事;mustn’t have done:一定未做过某事: shouldn’t have done:本不该做某事。根据提供的情境My sister met him at the Great Theatre表明他不可能参加讲座。答案是:A。 ‎ ‎3.Mr Bush is on time for everything. How______it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? ‎ A. can B. should C. may D. must ‎ ‎【解析】can表示可能性。布什先生按时做一切事,他怎么可能开幕式迟到呢?答案是:A。 ‎ ‎4.I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter? ‎ ‎—It______true because there was little snow there.‎ A. may not be B. won’t be ‎ C. couldn’t be D. mustn’t be ‎ ‎【解析】may not be : 可能不是;won’t be:不会是;couldn’t be:不可能是; mustn’t be :一定不是。根据提供情境there was little snow 说明山里滑雪是件不可能的事,may not ‎ 语气不如couldn’t强。答案是:C。 ‎ 分析:高考对表示推测的情态动词集中在must, can, could, may, might上,准确掌握它们使用的场合,是解决问题的关键。Must 用于肯定陈述句,表示肯定推测;can, could用于疑问或否定陈述句,表示可能性推测;may, might用于陈述句,表示可能性推测;用于否定陈述句中,can’t (不可能)的语气比may not(可能不)强。此外,还要注意有对过去和对现在两种情况的推测,对过去推测用情态动词+have done ,对现在推测用情态动词+ 动词原形。 ‎ 三、情态动词表示虚拟的考查 ‎ 情态动词+have+过去分词表示与过去事实上相反的情况,也是高考单项选择题涉及到情态动词的一个重要方面。 ‎ ‎1. There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party. You______come, but why didn’t you?‎ ‎ A. must have B. should ‎ C. need have D. ought to have ‎ ‎【解析】ought to have done 表示本来应该做某事而实际没做,should do 表示现在应该做某事,与题中 at yesterday’s party 表示的时间不一致。所以选D。 ‎ ‎2.I was really anxious about you. You______home without a ‎ word.(NMET2001,33)‎ A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left ‎ C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave ‎ ‎3.Oh, I‘m not feeling well in the stomach. I______so much fried chicken just now.‎ ‎ A. shouldn’t eat B. mustn’t have eaten ‎ C. shouldn’t have eaten D. mustn’t eat ‎ ‎【解析】该句所表达的意思是刚才我不因该吃那么多炸鸡,而实际上是吃了那么多,可以判断用shouldn’t have eaten. 答案是 C。 ‎ 分析:高考对情态动词表示虚拟‘用法,表示与过去事实相反的情况。近几年高考,主要侧重should (not)have done 这一句式上,表示本来不该做却做了或本来该做却未做的事,在复习时,还应关注其它几种虚拟形式,如need (not)have done 表示本来需要做而未做或本来不需要而做的事等等,以做到有备无患。 ‎ 考点四、情态动词与助动词混合考查 ‎1.Tom ,you didn’t come to the party last night? ‎ ‎—I______, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do . ‎ A. had to B. didn’t C. was going to D. wouldn’t ‎ ‎【解析】had to:不得不;didn’t:没来;was going ‎ to:打算来;wouldn’t:不愿来。句意:——汤姆,昨晚你没来参加舞会吗?——我本打算来,但我突然记起有作业要做。But是关键词,所以答案是:C。 ‎ ‎2.Your phone number again? I______quite catch it . ‎ ‎—It’s 86184867. ‎ A. didn’t B. couldn’t C. don’t D. can’t ‎ 典题链接 ‎【示例1】—I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake. ‎ ‎—It ______ Harry’s.He always wears green. A.has to be B.will be C.mustn’t be D.could be 解析:could 在此处表示猜测,意思是“可能”。 答案:D ‎【示例2】—Mum,I’ve been studying English since 8 o’clock.______ I go out and play with Tom for a while? ‎ ‎—No,I’m afraid not.Besides,it’s raining outside now. A.Can’t B.Wouldn’t C.May not D.Won’t 解析:前一说话者意在强烈要求妈妈允许他出去玩一会。意为:It’s been so long a time,and it’s quite necessary for me to go and play. 答案:A ‎【示例3】—Excuse me,but I want to use your computer to type a report. ‎—You ______ have my computer if you don’t take care of it. A.shan’t B.might not C.needn’t D.shouldn’t 解析:后者意为如果你不爱惜电脑的话,就不允许你用。shall用于二、三人称表示允诺。如: ‎ You shall have a copy if the book is published. ‎ 书一出来你就会得到一本。‎ You shall get the answer right this afternoon. ‎ 今天下午你就可以得到答复。 The enemy shall be wiped out.敌人一定会被消灭。‎ 答案:A ‎【示例4】I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I ______ report it to the police? A.should B.may C.will D.can 解析:空房子常亮着灯,不正常,所以应该报告警方。准确掌握各情态动词的基本意义且紧密结合上下文才能正确地使用,因而二者不可或缺。 答案:A ‎【示例5】Children under 12 years of age in that country ______ be under adult supervision when in a public library. A.must B.may C.can D.need 解析:那个国家里12岁以下的孩子到公共图书馆去须由大人监护。这是法律条文或图书馆的管理规定,人人必须遵守。 答案:A ‎【示例6】—Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you. ‎ ‎—Thanks. You ______ it. I could manage it myself. A.needn’t do B.needn’t have done  C.mustn’t do D.shouldn’t have done 解析:needn’t have done表示“过去本来没有必要做而做了”,而shouldn’t have done表示“过去本来不应该做而做了”。 答案:B 思维升级 ‎  “情态动词+have+过去分词 ”结构是情态动词专项考查的难点和重点,记住以下最常考查的结构: ‎(1)must have done “过去一定做了某事” ‎(2)can’t/couldn’t have done “过去不可能做了某事” ‎(3)may/might have done “过去可能做了某事” ‎(4)needn’t have done “过去本来没有必要做而做了某事” ‎(5)could have done “过去本来能够做某事而没有做” ‎(6)should/ought to have done “过去本来应该做某事而没有做” ‎(7)shouldn’t/oughtn’t to have done “过去本来不应该做某事而做了” ‎【示例7】I have lost one of my gloves. I _____ it somewhere. ‎ A.must drop B.must have dropped C.must be dropping D.must have been dropped 解析:must have ‎ done表示“过去一定做了某事”。句意为:我丢了一只手套,我肯定是掉在什么地方了。 答案:B ‎【试题放送】‎ ‎1. 【2012·泰安期末】Some young people these days just___________ go out of the Internet bars into the real world.‎ A.mustn’t B.shouldn’t C.won’t D.needn’t ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意:进来一些年轻人不愿意走出网吧到现实来。won’t“不愿意”符合句意。‎ ‎2. 【2012太原市高三调研】What's your opinion of Mr.Li's request that we ______ spend half an hour reading English aloud every morning?‎ ‎ A.must B.would ‎ C.should D.could ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查request的用法。request 后面的名词性从句要用虚拟语气,即主语+(should)+动词原形。‎ ‎3. 【2012上海市青浦区高三年级期终调研】 I didn’t see her in the conference room this morning. She ________ have done the presentation at the meeting. ‎ A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. may not ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查“情态动词+have done”的用法。从第一个句子告诉我们:没有看到哦她出席会议,所以用“情态动词+have done”表示对过去事情有把握的否定的猜测,意思是:不可能做……。‎ ‎4. 【2012·金华十校期末】You'd better put on a heavy coat.Sometimes it be very cold here at night.‎ ‎ A.should B.can C.will D.must ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】考查情态动词的用法。语境为:你最好穿上大衣。在这里晚上有时很冷。这里表示客观可能性,意思是:可以,可能。‎ ‎5. 【2012·顺义素质展示】 — God! My cell phone is missing.‎ ‎— You ______ have left it at home. I heard you telephone our daughter in the bathroom.‎ A. shall B. must C. would D. could ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查情态动词。根据答语第二句的内容可知第二个说话人认为对方“一定”是把手机忘在家里了。‎ ‎6. 【2012·顺义素质展示】I ran all the way to school yesterday, otherwise I ______ late for the annual talent show.‎ A. was B. had been C. would be D. would have been ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:昨天我一路跑到学校,不然年度才艺表演我就会迟到。本句的后半句是虚拟语气,是对过去情况的假设,所以用would have done结构.‎ ‎7. 【2012·上海春招】You _____ bring your identification when you open a bank account.‎ A. may B. can C. must D. will ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意:当你开银行账户的时候,你必须带你的身份证。‎ ‎8. 【2012池州普通高中高三质监】—Is it good to look up every new word when I come across it in reading?‎ ‎ —No. You , because you are likely to guess the meaning from the context.‎ ‎ A.don’t have to B.shouldn’t ‎ C.can’t D.mustn’t ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查情态动词的用法。从答语的后半句可以看出,他认为没有必要把每一个生词的意思都查出来,因为可以通过上下文的语境来猜测他们的意思是,表示没有必要,用don’t have to。‎ ‎9. 【2012·九江一模】Churchill warned Hitler, " If you dare to invade Britain, you _______pay for it with great cost."‎ ‎ A.will. B.shall C.may D.should ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意:丘吉尔警告希特勒,“如果你胆敢侵略英国,你要为此付出巨大的代价的。”shall用于第二、第三人称,表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。故选B项。‎ ‎10.【2012·枣庄期末】You _________ either go with her or stay at home. It all depends on yourself!‎ A. will B. must C. should D. may ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】考查情态动词辨析。may 可以。句意为:你可以和她一块去,也可以呆在家里,这完全取决于你自己。‎ ‎15. 【 2012北京市西城期末】—Why are you in such a hurry?‎ ‎ —Don't you remember that we ____ be home by 8p.m.to see our favorite TV show?‎ A.can B.would C.must D.may ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】考查情态动词。 must 在这里表示“必需”。句意为:--为什么这么匆忙啊?--不记得吗?我们必须得8点前到家,看我们喜爱的电视节目吗?‎ ‎16. 【2012安徽宿州一次质检】—What’s your feeling now?‎ ‎ —I am terribly sorry. If only I here yesterday!‎ ‎ A.came B.would have come C.have come D.had come ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查if only的用法。 if only 意思是:要是……就好了,由时间状语yesterday来看,这是对过去所发生事情的虚拟,所以用过去完成时。‎ ‎17. 【2012·西安一次质检】If you smoke, you could at least go to the smoking area.‎ ‎ A.can B.must C.will D.shall ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查情态动词的特殊用法。must在这里表示“偏偏,非要”。句意为:要是你非吸不可的话,至少得到吸烟区里吸。‎ ‎18. 【2012届四川省德阳市高中一次诊断】—Jenny has dyed her hair red again.‎ ‎—It be true! I can hardly believe it.‎ ‎ A.mustn’t B.may not ‎ C.can’t D.shouldn’t ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】考查情态动词的用法。由答语的第二句“I can hardly believe it.”可以看出,我不相信对方所说的,所以选can’t,意思是:不可能。答语句意为:----不可能是真的! 我不相信你说的话。‎ ‎19. 【2012·三明联考】—The conflicts between North and South Korea call for talks to solve the problem.‎ ‎ —Quite right. I would rather the UN ________ something ‎ immediately.‎ ‎ A. would do B. does C. did D. will do。‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气的用法。很显然,would rather后的句子是对将来事情的虚拟,所以用一般过去时。‎ ‎20. 【2012.02·桐乡模拟】I’m surprised that your story ______ the first prize.‎ ‎ A. should win B. can win ‎ C. should have won D. can have won ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】考查情态动词+have done的用法。should have done表示“不该做的事情竟然做了”。句意为:你的小说竟然获得了一等奖太让我吃惊了。‎ ‎21. 【2012·合肥质检】—Come to supper with us, Peter.‎ 一Great ! I _______ bring a bottle of wine.‎ A. will B. can C. may D. must ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】 考查情态动词的用法。这里说的是将来的动作,表示意愿。答语意思是:我愿意带瓶白酒。故选A。‎ ‎22.【2012 哈尔滨一中期中】---Can I pay the bill by check?‎ ‎---Sorry, sir. But it is the management rules of our hotel that payment ‎ ‎ be made in cash.‎ ‎ A.shall B.need C.will D.can ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】本题考查情态动词。shall用在条约、规章、法令等文件中表示义务或规定,一般用于第三人称),意为“应该,必须”。句意:——我可以用支票付账吗?——对不起,先生。只是这是我们旅馆的管理规定:付账必须使用现金 ‎23. 【2012唐山高三期末】If passers-by ___ a blind eye to the injured little Yueyue in Foshan, Guangdong, she___ alive now. ‎ ‎ A.didn't turn; would be B.hadn't turned; would be ‎ C.didn't turn; would have been D.hadn't turned; would have been ‎【答案】D考查虚拟语气。由常识可知,小悦悦事件已过去的事情,所以这是对过去发生事情的虚拟,所以从句用过去完成时,即had done,主句用would have done。‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎24. 【2012·潍坊期末】It have been her to leave her child alone.She isn’t such a person。‎ A.couldn’t B. mustn’t C. mightn’t D. wouldn’t ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】考查情态动词的用法。由语境可知,leave应该是过去的一个动作,很显然这是对过去发生事情的否定猜测,所以应该用 couldn’t have done,意思:不可能……。语境为:他不可能把孩子单独留在家里。他不是那种人。‎ ‎25. 【2012黑龙江佳木斯一中四次调研】The government urged that every effort ____ to bring down house prices.‎ ‎ A. should make B. would be made C. be made D. must be made ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气。此处urge后的宾语从句用should+动词原形的形式,should被省略;宾语从句还是make every effort to do sth的被动形式。句意:政府紧急督促要尽一切努力降低房价。‎ ‎26. 【2012江西丰、樟、高、宜四市联考】Our teacher insisted that the key words worth paying attention _______ before class.‎ ‎ A.to underlined  B.was underlined ‎ ‎ C.to be underlined  D.to being underlined ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气。分析句子结构可知,worth paying attention to作the key words的后置定语;insist表示”坚持主张”时,其宾语从句使用虚拟语气,谓语动词使用should do,should 可以省略,因此该从句谓语为(should)be ‎ underlined,因此选择C。解该题的关键在于弄清句子结构,不要受思维定势的干扰而误选D。‎ ‎27. 【2012池州普通高中高三质监】—Is it good to look up every new word when I come across it in reading?‎ ‎ —No. You , because you are likely to guess the meaning from the context.‎ ‎ A.don’t have to B.shouldn’t ‎ C.can’t D.mustn’t ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查情态动词的用法。从答语的后半句可以看出,他认为没有必要把每一个生词的意思都查出来,因为可以通过上下文的语境来猜测他们的意思是,表示没有必要,用don’t have to。‎ ‎35. 【2012·金华十校期末】The little girl is too thin.She ______ gain some weight if she ate more, but she ______ too little.‎ ‎ A.would; ate B.will; eats C.will; ate D.would; eats ‎ ‎【答案】 D ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气和动词的时态。语境可知,这是对现在情况的虚拟,从句用的是过去时,所以主句用would done。but后的分句描述的是现在的情况,所以用一般现在时。句意为:这个小女孩太瘦了,如果他多吃一点,体重就会增加些,但是她吃得太少。‎ ‎36.【2012郑州预测】—Could I watch'IV for 10 minutes more, mum?‎ ‎ —Oh, dear if you .‎ ‎ A.can B.must C.may D.sbouId ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】考查情态动词的特殊用法。must 意为:偏偏,非要。句意为:---妈妈,我能在多看10分钟的电视吗?---哦,要是你非看不行的话(就看吧)。‎ ‎37. 【2012安徽合肥高三一次质检】The constant rise of meat price requires that effective measures _____ by the government.‎ ‎ A.must be taken B.be taken ‎ ‎ C.will be taken D.should take ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气。这里构成短语:take measures 意为采取措施。require 意思是:要求,后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气,即(should)+ 动词原形。‎ ‎38. 【2012贵州五校一次联考】 Your suggestion that the door _______ when we leave is reasonable.‎ ‎ A. should shut B. will shut ‎ C. would be shut D. be shut ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气。suggestion ‎ 后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气,即(should+)动词原形。‎
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