过去分词用法详解及高考链接练习

过去分词用法详解及高考链接练习

过去分词作定语、表语、宾补和状语 一、 考点、热点回顾 过去分词构成规则 ‎1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则： ‎ ‎ (1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。‎ ‎ work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited ‎ ‎ (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。‎ ‎ live---lived---lived , ‎ ‎ (3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 "y" 变为 "i" ，再加“ ed ”。 ‎ study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried , ‎ ‎ (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 ‎ stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped ‎ ‎2 、不规则动词，见课本P104。‎ ‎ ‎ 过去分词作定语 定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。作定语的过去分词这叫分词形容词 (the Participle Adjective), 实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词, 除表示“完成”的动作之外, 还表示“被动”的意义。‎ 单个的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面；‎ a broken heart 一颗破碎的心 spoken English 英语口语 the risen sun 已经升起的太阳 fried chips 炸土豆条 a lost child 丢失的孩子 cooked food 熟食 eg：My parents are both retired teachers. 我的父母都是退休教师。 ‎ ‎ 过去分词短语作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词后面。‎ a novel written by Luxun a school built for orphans people addicted to drugs the advice given to the patient eg：Everybody attended the meeting held last week. 所有人都参加了上周举行的会议。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 过去分词修饰 something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody，those 等不定代词时，也要放在这些词后面。‎ eg:He is one of those invited.‎ ‎ Nothing reported in the newspaper interested him.‎ 过去分词和现在分词在做定语时的区别：‎ 过去分词表示被动或完成；现在分词表示主动或进行。‎ I.语态上 ‎ 现在分词: 表示主动的动作 ‎ 过去分词: 表示被动的动作 eg: He is the man swimming in the river just now.‎ He was reading a novel written by Charles Dickens.‎ II.时间上 ‎ 现在分词: 表示正在进行 ‎ 过去分词: 表示完成 eg: ‎ the falling leaves ‎ the fallen leaves ‎ boiling water boiled water the developing country the developed country ‎ ‎ eg:‎ I know the people building the house there.(主动、进行）‎ The house being built over there is a shop. (被动、正在建)‎ The house built over there is a shop.（被动、已建好）‎ The house to be built over there is designed by a famous architect.（被动、将来）‎ 练习（用publish的不同形式填空）‎ His book ______________ last year sells well. ‎ His book ___________________ now will be on sale next year.‎ His book ___________________ next year will be his best one.‎ The press(出版社) _________________ his book is famous in the city. ‎ ‎（1）Tsinghua University, in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.‎ A．found B．founding C．founded D．to be founded ‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意为“建于1911年的清华大学培养了一大批杰出的人士。”Tsinghua University与found之间存在着被动关系， founded过去分词表被动，表动作已完成，故选C。‎ ‎（2）You cannot accept an opinion ________ to you unless it is based on facts.‎ A．offering B．to offer C．having offered D．offered ‎ D 句意：你不能接受什么观点，除非它以事实为基础。动词offer的逻辑主语就是opinion，opinion和动词offer构成逻辑上的被动关系，表被动，用过去分词。‎ 过去分词作表语 表语常位于系动词之后，系动词除了be外，还有以下几类：‎ ‎1、感官系动词：look, sound, smell, taste, feel ‎2、变化系动词：become, get, turn, grow, fall, go, come ‎3、持续系动词：stay, keep, remain ‎4、表象系动词：seem, appear , look ‎5、终止系动词：turn out, prove （证明是，结果是）‎ I. 过去分词放在连系动词之后作表语，表示主语所处的状态。‎ eg: The door remained locked.‎ He seemed quite delighted at the news.‎ II. 过去分词用作表语时，其动作意味很弱，在功能上接近形容词的用法，被动语态强调的是动作。‎ eg: Be prepared! 大家准备好。（系表结构，强调主语所处的状态）‎ ‎ The book was written by a soldier.（被动语态，强调主语所承受的动作）‎ III. 与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词表示“令人…的”，多用来修饰物，过去分词作表语，表示“感到…的”，多用来修饰人。‎ eg: surprising ~surprised exciting ~excited ‎ disappointing ~disappointed tiring ~tired ‎ amazing ~ amazed boring ~ bored ‎ relaxing ~ relaxed pleasing ~pleased confusing ~confused satisfying ~satisfied ‎ depressing ~ depressed inspiring ~ inspired ‎ amusing ~amused entertaining ~entertained ‎ 练习 Please remain ______ until the plane has come to a complete stop. A. to seat B. to be seated C. seating D. seated 解析：D。remain 连系动词后过去分词表示保持…的状态。女士们先生们，请做好直到飞机完全停下来。‎ 过去分词作宾语补足语 在英语中有些及物动词，接了宾语意义仍不完整，还需要有1个其他的句子成分，来补充说明宾语的意义、‎ 状态等，称为宾语补足语，简称宾补，在英语中极为重要。接过去分词（短语）做宾语补足语的四类动词 及特殊结构：‎ ‎1.感官动词：feel, see , hear, watch, smell, taste, notice, observe , find 等+ sth./ sb. +done，表示“看到 ‎ ‎/ 听到 / 发现 / 感受到某事 / 某人被…”。‎ eg：When the manager came back, he found all the difficult problems settled. ‎ I often hear the song sung in English when I was abroad. ‎ ‎2表示“希望；要求”等意义的动词，表示“希望/ 要求某事/ 某人被...”：want, should like, would like/love, ‎ wish, order等 + sb./ sth. + done。‎ eg：The manager didn’t want such questions discussed at the meeting.‎ The chairman wished those letters typed as soon as possible. ‎ ‎3.使役动词：make, get, have,等+ sth./sb. + done，表示“致使某事/某人被…”。‎ eg： I had my tap repaired.(=I asked someone to repair the tap.)‎ I am going to the hospital this afternoon and have my eyes examined.‎ 注意:have/get sth. done 结构的三种不同的含义:‎ ‎(1)”请/让/叫别人(为自己做某事)”,强调主语的意志.‎ ‎(2)”受到;遭受”,表示一种经历.‎ eg：She had her house damaged in the storm.‎ ‎(=Something bad had happened to her house.)‎ ‎(3)”使完成某事”,此事可以是别人完成的也可以是自己参与的.‎ eg：She told me she had had her house repaired.(=She told me her house was repaired.)‎ ‎4.特殊结构:with /without + 名词/代词 + done 结构,分词done 做名词/代词的宾语补足语。‎ eg：Do you know the girl with her hair tied back?‎ ‎ They left without a plate untouched.‎ 区别：不及物动词的过去分词做宾补时，表示动作的完成，分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前；‎ 现在分词作宾补时，表示动作正在进行。‎ eg：When I got home, I found my wallet gone. (gone”丢”的动作已经完成)‎ When I came here, I saw Li Lei reading an English book.‎ 练习 ‎1. It was a pity that the great writer died _____ his works unfinished. ‎ A. for B. with C. from D. of ‎ ‎2. ---“Did you have any difficulty in today’s homework?”‎ ‎---“No, in fact I found __________.” ‎ A. it very easy to do B. it very easy done C. very easy for doing D. very easy to do it ‎3. The speaker raised her voice but still couldn’t make herself _______. ‎ A. hear B. hearing C. to hear D. heard ‎ ‎4. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself _____ of his own dreams. （重庆2011）‎ A. reminding B. to remind C. reminded D. remind ‎[点拨] 答案为C。keep oneself reminded of ... 意为“使某人自己被提醒……”。‎ 过去分词作状语 过去分词在句中作状语时，可表示时间，原因，条件，让步，伴随等。‎ ‎1.时间状语可在过去分词前加上连词when, while, until等来强调时间概念。‎ When it is seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.‎ Don’t speak until you are spoken to.‎ ‎2.原因状语 Because the boy was greatly touched by his teacher’s words, he did a lot of things to help his classmates.‎ Because he was surprised at what happened, Tom didn’t know what to do.‎ ‎3. 条件状语 If we were given more time, we could do it much better.‎ If it is heated to a high temperature, water will change into vapor.‎ ‎4.让步状语 Though they had been warned of the storm, the farmers were still working in the fields.‎ Even if I’m invited, I won’t take part in the party.‎ ‎5. 方式、伴随状语 The teacher entered the classroom, and he was followed by a group of students.‎ The teacher stood there and was surrounded by the students.‎ summary ‎1.过去分词作状语表示_______或________的动作,相当一个状语从句。‎ ‎2.过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语与主句的主语要保持一致。‎ 练习（用see的正确形式填空）‎ ‎_______ from the hill, you will find the city looks like a big garden. ‎ ‎_______from the hill, the city looks like a big garden. ‎ ‎_______ from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest. ‎ ‎_______ from the space, the astronaut can not discover the Great Wall.‎ 如果句子的主语和分词是主动关系, 用_______，句子的主语和分词是被动关系，用_________。‎ ‎1.______ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. ‎ A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face ‎2. After his journey from abroad, Richard Jonnes returned home ______.（伴随状语）‎ A. exhausting B. exhausted C. being exhausted D. having exhausted ‎3. No matter how frequent ______, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.‎ A. performed B. performing C. to be performed D. being performed 一、 典型例题 ‎2014年非谓语动词高考题汇编 ‎1、（2014安徽卷）32．While waiting for the opportunity to get , Henry did his best to perform his duty. ‎ A. promote B. promoted C. promoting D. to promote ‎2、（2014北京卷）25. Last night, there were millions of people _______ the opening ceremony live on TV. ‎ A. watch B. to watch C. watched D. watching ‎3、（2014北京卷）28. There are still many problems ______ before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. ‎ A. solving B. solved C. being solved D. to be solved ‎4、（2014北京卷）35.The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without ______. ‎ A. recognizing B. being recognized C. having recognized D. having been recognized ‎5、（2014大纲卷）23. Toady there are more airplanes _____ more people than ever before in the skies. ‎ A. carry B. carrying C. carried D. to be carrying ‎6、（2014福建卷）27. the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age. ‎ A. Spending B. Spent C. Having spent D. To spend ‎7、（2014福建卷）30. For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying________. ‎ A. connected B. connecting C. to connect D. to be connected ‎8、（2014湖南卷）23.____your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions. ‎ A. Understanding B. To be understood C. Being understood D. Having understood ‎9、（2014湖南卷）27. There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, _____at the night sky. ‎ A. to stare B. staring C. stared D. having stared ‎10、（2014湖南卷）35. ourselves from the physical and mental tensions，we each need deep thought and inner quietness. ‎ A. Having freed B. Freed C. To free D. Freeing ‎11、（2014江苏卷）29. His lecture____, a lively question-and-answer session followed. ‎ A. being given B. having given C. to be given D. having been given ‎12、（2014江苏卷）35.‎ ‎— ! Somebody has left the lab door open. ‎ ‎—Don't look at me. ‎ A. Dear me B. Hi, there C. Thank goodness D. Come on ‎13、（2014江西卷）31. ___nearly all our money , we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel . ‎ A. Having spent B. To spent C. Spent D. To have spent ‎14、（2014江西卷）34.He is thought ___foolishly .Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job . ‎ A. to act B. to have acted C. acting D. having acted ‎15、（2014山东卷）6. There is a note pinned to the door______ when the shop will open again. ‎ A. saying B. says C. said D. having said ‎16、（2014山东卷）9. It’s standard practice for a company like this one______ a security officer. ‎ A. employed B. being employed C. to employ D. employs ‎17、（2014陕西卷）12. It’s quite hot today. Do you feel like _________ for a swim? ‎ A. to go B. going C go D. having gone ‎18、（2014陕西卷）20. ________ the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times. ‎ A. Working out B. Worked out C. To work out D. Work out ‎19、（2014四川卷）5. The manager was satisfied to see many new products ______ after great effort. ‎ A. having developed B. to develop C. developed D. develop ‎20、（2014四川卷）7. — I hope to take the computer course. ‎ ‎— Good idea. ____ more about it, visit this website. ‎ A. To find out B. Finding out C. To be finding out D. Having found out ‎21、（2014天津卷）5. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only ______ it didn’t fit. ‎ A. to find B. found C. finding D. having found He ran to the station quickly only to find the train had gone . only to结果（却），不料 He died， only leaving nothing but debt. only doing他死了，结果只留下一身债。预料之中的结果。‎ ‎【举一反三】George returned after the war, only _______ that his wife had left him. ‎ A. to be told B. telling C. being told D. told ‎ ‎22、（2014天津卷）7. Clearly and thoughtfully________, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers. ‎ A. writing B. to write C. written D. being written ‎23、（2014浙江卷 ）14. Annie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse _______ to guard her. ‎ A. to appoint B. appointing C. appointed D. having appointed ‎24、（2014重庆卷 ）5. The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras ______ to our shop for quality problems. ‎ A.turning B. returned C. to turn D. to be returned ‎25、（2014重庆卷 ）11.Group activities will be organized after class _____ children develop team spirit. A. helping B. having helped C. helped D. to help 三、课后练习 I.‎‎ 单项选择 ‎1. ____ the house on fire, he dialed 119. 　‎ A. To see B. Seeing C. Having seen D. Being seen ‎ ‎2. I fell down and broke three of my teeth. I wonder how many times I have to come here and get my false teeth ____. ‎ A. fix B. fixing C. fixed D. to fix ‎3. We’re ___ to listen to her ____ voice. It’s ___　to hear her sing. ‎ A. pleased; pleasing; pleasure B. pleased; pleasant; a pleasure C. pleasing; pleased; a pleasure D. pleasing; pleasant; pleasure ‎4. ___a post office, I stopped____ some stamps.‎ A. Passed, buying B. Passing, to buy C. Having passed, buy D. Pass, to buy ‎5. ____with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all. ‎ A. Comparing B. To compare C. Compared D. Having compared ‎6. Here are some new computer programs ____for home buildings. ‎ A. designing B. design C. designed D. to design ‎7. ____a little money, Jimmy was able to buy his mother a lovely new lamp.‎ A. To save B. Saving C. Saved D. Having saved ‎8. The teacher came into the classroom ____by his students. ‎ A. following B. to be following C. followed D. having followed ‎9. With the money ___, he couldn’t buy any ticket. ‎ A. to lose B. losing C. lost D. has lost ‎10. There was so much noise in the room that the speaker couldn’t make himself ____. ‎ A. being heard B. hearing C. heard D. hear ‎11. The result of the test was rather _____. ‎ A. disappointed B. disappointing C. being disappointed D. disappoint ‎ ‎12. I’ve never heard the word ____in spoken English. ‎ A. use B. used C. using D. being used ‎13. _____how to do the homework, I went to ask my teacher for help. ‎ A. Not to know B. Not knowing C. Knowing not D. Not known ‎ ‎14. Deeply __, I thanked her again and again. ‎ A. being moving B. moved C. moving D. to be moved ‎ ‎15. With winter _____on, it’s time to buy warm clothes. ‎ A. came B. comes C. come D. coming ‎ ‎16. ____the office, the foreign visitors were shown round the teaching building. ‎ A. Having shown B. Showing C. Has shown D. Having been shown ‎ ‎17. He went from door to door, ____waste papers and magazines. ‎ A. gathering B. gathered C. gather D. being gathered ‎ 18. The student corrected his paper carefully, ____the professor’s suggestions. ‎ A. follow B. following C. followed D. being followed ‎ ‎19. The ___price will save you one dollar for each dozen. ‎ A. reduce B. reducing C. reduced D. reduces ‎ ‎ 20. People ____in the city do not know the pleasure of country life. ‎ A. live B. to live C. lived D. living ‎ ‎ 21. The foreigner tried his best, but he still couldn’t make his point ___. ‎ A. understand B. understanding C. to understand D. understood ‎ ‎ 22. The scientists were waiting to see the problem ______. ‎ A. settle B. settled C. to settle D. settling ‎ ‎ 23. The library’s study room is full of students _____for the exam. ‎ A. busily prepared B. busy preparing C. busily prepare D. are busily preparing ‎ ‎ 24. The ground is _____with ____ leaves. ‎ A. covering, falling B. covered, falling C. covered, fallen D. covering, fallen ‎ ‎ 25. Lessons ____easily were soon forgotten. ‎ A. to learn B. learn C. learned D. learning ‎ ‎ 26. The wallet ____several days ago was found ____in the dustbin outside the building。‎ A. stolen, hidden B. stealing, hiding C. stealing, hidden D. stolen, hiding ‎ ‎27. The prisoner(罪犯),____ the guard and run away, was caught the next days.‎ A killed B killing C having killed D being killed by ‎ ‎ 28. ___different kinds of pianos, the workers farther improved their quality. ‎ A. To produce B. Being produced C. Produced D. Having produced ‎ ‎ 29. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless______ every day.(2007四川高考)‎ A watered B watering C water D to water ‎ 30. Many things _____impossible in the past are very common today. ‎ A. consider B. considering C. considered D. be considered ‎ ‎ 31. ___many times, he still couldn’t understand. ‎ A. Having been told B. Having told C. He having been told D. Telling ‎ ‎ 32. The old sick lady entered the hospital, ____her two sons. ‎ A. to support B. supporting C. supported by D. having supported ‎ ‎ 33. China is one of the largest countries in the world, _____9. 6 million square kilometres. ‎ A. to cover B. covered C. covers D. covering ‎ ‎ 34. ____and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.‎ A Surprising B. Surprised C. Being surprised D. To be surprising ‎ ‎ 35. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks,____ that he had enjoyed his stay here.‎ A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added ‎ ‎ 36. “Can you read?” Mary said ____to the notice. ‎ A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing ‎ ‎ 37. _____ the composition, John handed it to the teacher and went out of the room. ‎ A. Writing B. Having written C. Written D. Being written ‎ ‎ 38. Were you ____when you saw that wild animal ? ‎ A. fright B. frightening C. frightened D. frighten ‎ ‎ 39. Properly _____with numbers, the books can be easily found. ‎ A. marked B. mark C. to mark D. marking ‎ ‎ 40. The child sat in the dentist’s chair ____. ‎ A. tremble B. trembling C. trembled D. to trembled ‎ ‎41. At this moment the bell rang, _____the end of class. ‎ A. announce B. announcing C. announced D. to announce ‎ 42. He walked down the hills, ____softly to himself. ‎ A. sing B. singing C. sung D. to sing ‎ ‎ 43. I had to shout to make myself _____ above the noise. ‎ A. heard B. hearing C. hear D. to hear ‎ ‎ 44. The graduating students are busy ___material for their reports.‎ A. collect B. to collect C. collected D. collecting ‎ ‎ 45. The cars ____in Beijing are as good as those ____in Shanghai. ‎ A. produce, produce B. produced, produced C. produced, producing D. producing, producing ‎ ‎ 46. When I came in, I saw Dr. Li _____a patient. ‎ A. examine B. examining C. to examine D. examined ‎ ‎ 47. ____a satisfactory operation, the patient recovered from illness very quickly. ‎ A. Having been given B. Having given C. Giving D. Being given ‎ ‎ 48. ____a satisfactory operation, the doctor believed the patient would recover from his illness very soon. ‎ A. Having been given B. Having given C. Giving D. Being given ‎ ‎ 49. He wrote a letter to me _____that his trip to Japan had been put off because of the bad weather.‎ A. inform B. informing C. informed D. being informed ‎ ‎50. He reads newspapers every day to keep himself ____about what’s going on in the world. ‎ A. inform B. informing C. informed D. being informed ‎ ‎ ‎ II. 用适当的非谓语动词形式填空 ‎1. She caught the student __________ (cheat) in exams. ‎ ‎2. When I got there, I found him ____________ (repair) farm tools. ‎ ‎3. When I got there, I found the farm tools __________. (repair) ‎ ‎4. Just then he heard someone __________ (call) for help. ‎ ‎5. He worked so hard that he got his pay _________. (raise) ‎ ‎6. The missing boys were last seen __________(play) near the river. ‎ ‎7. ______________(compare) with the old one, the new building looks more beautiful. ‎ ‎8. The workers had the machines __________(run) all night long to finish the work on time. ‎ ‎9. People in the south have their houses _________(make) of bamboo. ‎ ‎10. __________(lose) in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. 　‎ III. 单项选择 1. The prisoner(罪犯),____ the guard and run away, was caught the next days.‎ A killed B killing C having killed D being killed by ‎2. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless______ every day.(2007四川高考)‎ A watered B watering C water D to water ‎3. He is a student at Oxford‎ ‎University,_____ for a degree in computer science.(2007北京高考卷)‎ A studied B studying C to have study D to be studying ‎4.The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance,______ in the natural light during the day.‎ A to let B letting C let D having let ‎5. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work_____, he gladly accepted it.‎ A finished B finishing C having finished D was finished.‎ ‎6. ____in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.‎ A Having lost B Lost C Being lost D Losting ‎7. Whether you believe it or not, it is _____ that cause you illness.‎ A because of your overweight B you are so overweight C because you are overweihgt D your being overweight ‎8. All flights______ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.‎ A had been canceled B have been canceled ‎ C having been canceled D being canceled ‎9. _____ the old houses, they built a beautiful garden in that area.‎ A Pulled down B Having pulled down C Pulling down D To pull down ‎ ‎10 Thousands of people have been moving to Shenzhen since 1992, its population_____ to over 10,000,000.‎ A increasing B increased C has increased D has been increased ‎11. Studies show the electronic devices people have made use of______ music may be causing hearing loss in many people.‎ A enjoy B to enjoy C enjoying D enjoyed ‎12.______, the vitamin C in them will be destoryed.‎ A Vegetable cooked too long B Cooked too long ‎ C Cooking too long D Vegetables cooking too long ‎13. The schoolboys and schoolgirls are walking along the street,_______ a small red cap.‎ A each of them has B they each have C every wears D each wearings.‎ ‎14. Taiwan-borned filmmaker Ang Lee won the best director Oscar at the 78 Academy Awards,____ the highest honor in American movie fields.‎ A to consider B considering C consider D considered ‎15.______ the public shcools with the private school, the guide book gives us a clear idea aobut the differences between them.‎ A Having compared B considered C To compare D To be compared.‎ ‎【试题答案】‎ I. 1—5 BCBBC 6—10 CDCCC 11—15BBBBD 16—20 DABCD 21—25DBBCC 26—30 ACDCC ‎31—35ACDBC 36—40ABCAB 41—45BBADB 46—50BABBC ‎ II. 1. cheating 2. repairing 3. repaired4. calling 5. raised 6. playing7. Compared 8. running 9. made10. Lost III. CABBA BDCBA CADDA