高考英语考点总结

高考英语考点总结

高考英语必备(个人整理)‎ ‎1. To one’s+ 情感名词 Eg: To my surprise, he did very well in his previous job.‎ 令我吃惊的是，他在之前的那份工作中也干的不错。‎ ‎( To one’s surprise 是固定搭配)‎ 用于该结构的名词常见的有admiration (羡慕), amazement (惊奇), amusement (娱乐), annoyance (烦恼), astonishment (惊奇), delight (欣喜), despair(绝望), disappointment(失望), embarrassment(难堪), happiness(幸福), horror (恐怖), joy (高兴), puzzlement (疑惑), regret (遗憾), relief (如释重负), satisfaction (满意), shame (羞愧), sorrow (悲伤), surprise (惊讶)等｡‎ ‎2.beside/besides beside是一个介词，表示在...的旁边，相当于by：而besides是一个副词，也可作介词，表示除了...还有...‎ Eg：‎ Don’t stand beside me. 不要站我旁边 I am outgoing. Besides, I am helpful. 我很外向。此外，我还乐于助人。‎ besides和except的区别 都可解作“除……之外” 但含义不同。 except 表示“从所提到的人或事物中除去，即从整体中除去一部分”，表示递减的概念，含义是否定的。 besides表示“除了……之外，还有……”，指“在整体中加入一部分”，表示递加的概念，含义是肯定的。 试比较： ①We all went except him. 除他之外，我们都去了。(他没有去) ②We all went besides him. 除他之外，我们大家也都去了。(他也去了) ‎ 3. See/ look/ watch ‎ See 看见了（强调看的结果） Did you see it？ 你看见了吗？‎ ‎ Look 意为看，瞧（强调动作）Look at the blackboard. 请看黑板。‎ ‎ Watch 观看,注视（形容观看的内容比较精彩,比较有过程）watch a game/watch a fight 看比赛,观看打斗（看得东西都比较有内容）‎ 常见短语：see sb doing sth（看见某人正在做...，doing作sb 的宾补）‎ see sb do sth （看见某人做了...，强调看了整个过程） ‎ See a movie/ film 看电影 ‎ Look like 看起来像.../ Look for... 寻找.../ have a look at ‎ 看一看/ look at 看着（ glare at 怒视/ stare at 盯着看/ glance at 一瞥）‎ Watch TV看电视 look out= watch out 担心，小心 ‎ ‎ 4. Hear / listen Listen 不及物动词，表示有意识地听、仔细听,强调的是听的动作 Listen to music 听歌 Listen to me. 听我讲。‎ Hear 及物动词，强调听的结果 I can’t hear you！我听不见你。‎ 3. So/ such such与so的意思都是“如此,这样”.但两者用法根本不同,与what和how引导的感叹句相类似. 1、such后面主要是修饰名词.即：such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.或a/an＋such＋adj.＋n..如果名词是不可数名词或复数名词,则不可以用不定冠词a或an.如： ①He has such a beautiful bike.We all go to see it. ②It's a such fine day.We all want to go to fly a kite. 2、so后面只能跟形容词或副词.即：和so＋adj.或adv.不过,so后面也可以跟名词,但该名词必须是单数可数名词.用法为：so+形容词+a或an+单数可数名词.如： ①The tiger is so big.And the cat is so small. ②She is so lovely a girl. 3、它们后面还可以与that从句连用.即：such…that和so…that意思是“如此……以致……”.如： ①She is such a clever girl that she can make much progress in math exam. ②His brother is so young that he can't go to school. 注：当名词前的形容词为表示数目的词时,such必须换成so.如： ①There are so many people that we can't go past. ②I ate so much food that I didn't want to go any farther. ‎ 4. how/ what （how about= what about ...怎么样？）‎ what、how常用于感叹句 感叹句一般是用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。英语感叹句常用"what"和"how"引导，"what"和"how"与所修饰的词置于句首，其它部分用陈述句语序。  一、 由"what"引导的感叹句："what"意为"多么"用作定语，修饰名词（被强调部分），单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。这类句子的结构形式是：  what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语+(it is).  如：  ① What a clever girl she is!  多么聪明的姑娘呀！  ② What an interesting story it is! ‎ ‎ 多么有趣的故事呀！  ③ What delicious food it is!  多么有味的食物呀！  二、由"how"引导的感叹句："how"意为"多么"，用作状语，修饰形容词或副词（被强调部分）。如果修饰形容词，则句中的谓语动词用系动词；如果how修饰副词，则句中的谓语动词用行为动词，这类句子的结构形式是：  How+adj.（adv.）+主语+谓语+(it is).  如：① How cold it is today!  今天多么冷呀！  ② How well she sings!  她唱得多好呀！  三、在表示同一意义时，英语感叹既可用"what"引导，也可用"how"引导。如：  ① What a hot day it is! = How hot the day is !  多么热的天气呀！  ② What bad weather it is! = How bad the weather is!  多么糟糕的天气呀！  四. What do you do？你是做什么的 How do you do it？你是怎样做的 ‎7. Sometimes， sometime 和 some time 的区别 ‎（1）sometimes的意思是“有时”,是副词.例如： Sometimes he comes by bike and sometimes by bus. 他有时骑车来,有时乘公共汽车来. （2）sometime也是副词,意思是“在某个时候”.可用于一般过去时与将来时.例如： You can hand in your homework sometime before Friday. 你可以在周五前某个时候交作业. （3）some time是名词短语,它的意思是“一段时间”.例如： I'll be away for some time.我将离开一段时间.‎ 8. 表示“非常多”修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词 不可数名词前可用：much, a little, a great deal of, a large amount of 可数名词前可用：many, a few, a great many ,a large number of 既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词的有：‎ lots of， a lot of, plenty of,a great quantity of.‎ 8. another，the other， other, others.‎ another（三个及以上之中）另一个 the other（两个中）另一个 other +n (other 是一个形容词) others n. =other+n（pl.）‎ Eg：‎ I am sorry，but can you give me another chance?‎ Peter has two sons. One is six and the other is just two years old.‎ We need to care about other people= we need to care about others.‎ 9. 就近原则：1.There be 句型 There is a book and some pencils on the desk.=There are some pencils and a book on the desk. 2.neither...nor...Neither you nor he is right.= Neither he nor you are right. 3.either...or...Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday. = Either Jim or they are going to shanghai next Saturday. 4.not only...but also...Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday. = Not only Ann's parents but also she stays at home every Sunday. 就远原则 有一类连接词,其后的谓语动词要与连接词前一部分的主语保持一致.此类连接词有with, along with,together with,as well as,besides,like,without,‎ except (but),including等.例如：‎ Lisa, as well as her parents, was invited by Jack. 丽萨和爸妈都被邀请了！ Tracy,like many girls,loves dancing.特蕾西像很多女孩一样,喜欢跳舞. All the students,including Tom,are leaving.所有的学生,包括汤姆都走了. No one except (but) me knows about this news.除了我没有人知道 10. 关于元音字母和元音音节 元音字母总共有五个 a e i o u ‎ 但决定用冠词 a 还是 an 取决于 后面的单词首字母是不是元音因素 ‎（1）.A book, a useful book, a European country, a university, a unique man.【这些单词中的U 都发 [ju:]，这是一个辅音音节】‎ ‎（2）.An umbrella， an apple，an hour, an honest man 【h 不发音】‎ 11. 星期和月份 （week / month）‎ Monday星期一 Tuesday 星期二 Wednesday 星期三 Thursday星期四 Friday 星期五 Saturday 星期六 Sunday 星期天 ‎ January一月 February 二月 March 三月 April 四月 May 五月 June 六月 July 七月 August 八月 September 九月 October 十月 November 11月  December 12月 James Paul McCartney was born in 1942.‎ James Paul McCartney was born in June 18th， 1942.‎ 8. 时间的读法 What time is it now?‎ ‎---It is 9:00 /9:05/9:15/ 9:30/9:45 now.‎ Nine o’clock/ nine o five/ nine fifteen(a quarter past nine)/ nine thirty(half past nine )/ nine forty-five (a quarter to ten)‎ 一分钟a minute 一秒a second 一小 时an hour 一刻钟a quarter ‎ 9. 方位和位置 East south west north center right left ‎ Southeast southwest _______(东北)________(西北)‎ in表示A地在B地范围之内。如：  Taiwan is in the southeast of China.‎ 仿写：海南省在中国的南部。 ‎ ‎  2. to表示A地在B地范围之外，即二者之间有距离间隔。如：  Japan lies to the east of China. ‎ 仿写：临高在文昌的西面。   ‎ ‎3. on表示A地与B地接壤、毗邻。如： ‎ North Korea is on the east of China. ‎ 仿写：美国在加拿大的南面。‎ ‎  ‎ ‎15. 传统节假日（traditional festivals）‎ New Year's Eve 除夕 the Spring Festival 春节 Lantern Festival 元宵节 Tomb-sweeping Day 清明节 International Labour Day 国际劳动节 ‎ Mother's Day母亲节 Father's Day 父亲节 the Dragon Boat Festival 端午节 Children's Day 儿童节 Teachers’ Day 教师节 the Mid-autumn Festival 中秋节 National Holiday 国庆节 相关词汇和句子：‎ What is your favorite festival?‎ When do you celebrate it ?‎ How do you celebrate it?‎ People celebrate ....in memory of / to honor..‎ During this festival, people always ....（enjoy delicious food/ have lots of fun）‎ I am sure that we will have a good time.‎ ‎16. 关于打电话（making a call）‎ telephone/ mobile phone/ cell phone电话 leave sb a message 给...留言 go ahead 请便吧 make a call打一个电话 give sb a call/ call sb up 给某人打电话 phone number 电话号码 call me at 135... speak to sb on the phone 在电话里给某人讲话 write to 给某人写信 talk to与某人交谈 ‎ hold on, please请不要挂断 wait a moment/minute 等一下 dial/have the wrong number 打错电话了 write down 写下，记下 get in touch with sb=contact sb 与某人取得联系 keep in touch with sb 与某人保持联系 ‎ 17. 英语写作之表示列举 On one hand,..一方面. on the other hand,...另一方面...‎ 首先：First . Firstly. To begin with. Above all. First and foremost…‎ 其次：Second. Secondly. Then. ‎ 最后：At last. Finally. Eventually.‎ 此外：in addition; besides; what’s more..‎ 同时：at the same time 18. 英语写作之表达见解 （1. ‎） 不用说... It ‎ goes without saying that 子句 =(It is) needless to say (that)子句 =It is obvious that 从句 =Obviously, S. + V. 例：不用说早睡早起是值得的。 It goes without saying that it pays to keep early hours.‎ （1. ‎） there is no denying that...不可否认...‎ 不可否认，成功的事业关键在于健康的身心。 There is no denying that successful business lies in a healthy body and mind.‎ There is no denying that success lies in hard work.‎ （2. ‎）……就我的看法……；我认为…… In my opinion, ... = As far as I am concerned, . =From my point of view, 例：就我的看法，打电动玩具既花费时间也有害健康。 In my opinion, playing video games not only takes much time but is also harmful to our health.‎ ‎19. 英语写作之主题句 ‎(A) ……用下列方法 in the following ways. (B) ……有三个主要理由 … for three major reasons. (C) 要……，至少我们可做三件事 To ..., there are at least three things we can do.‎ ‎（D）我的建议/观点如下 ...are as follows.‎ 例： (A) 我用下列方法增加信心。 I increase my confidence in the following ways. (B) 人们学外语有三个理由。 People learn a foreign language for three major reasons. (C) 为了维护健康，我们每天至少可做三件事。 To keep healthy, there are at least three things we can do every day ‎（D）我的建议/观点如下。‎ My suggestions are as follows/ My opinions are as follows.‎ 20. 英语书信引出话题+写信目的 （1. ‎）I’ve learned from...that..., so I am writing to...‎ （2. ‎) Knowing that..., I am writing to...‎ Eg：‎ ‎ （1.）I’ve learned from your parents that you have been admitted to Harvard University, so I am writing to express my congratulations on your success.‎ 从你父母口中得知你已被哈佛大学录取，特写信来表达祝贺。‎ ‎(2.) Knowing that you are interested in photography, I am writing to invite you to attend a photo show to be held in my school on April 21st.‎ 得知你喜欢摄影，特写信邀请你参加将于4月21号在我校举办的摄影展。‎ 21. 区别 by bus/ take a bus/ on a bus take a bus是动词短语 You can take a bus to go to school. on a bus= by bus 是介词短语.You can go to school on a bus/ by bus.‎ 坐一路公交车： take the No.1 bus 22. Before/ ago 区别 ‎（1.）Ago 只表示相对现在的 “...以前 ”如：three years ago 三年前 ‎ A few days ago 几天前 long long ago 很久以前 ‎ （2.）before 用法很广.‎ before 有时单独使用(即不连用具体时间)，泛指一般意义的“以前”如： He didn’t know that before. 他以前不知道此事。 I have been there before. 我以前去过那儿。‎ 表示在某一点时间或事件以前时，只用before不用ago，这种用法是将before当作介词或连词使用。ago不具有这一功能。如： They will come back before six o’clock． It is hoped that this will be finished before the year 1995．希望这件工作将在1995年以前完成。‎ 23. Affect/ effect  区别  ‎ effect是名词，表示影响,搭配短语：‎ have an effect on sth.=have an influence on sth. 对...有影响 affect 是及物动词，“影响”，直接跟宾语，affect sth 对...有影响，‎ 且通常指不利的影响。 Eg：‎ Sandstorms sometimes affect Bejing.  沙尘暴有时候影响北京。‎ Watching TV for a long time will have a bad effect on your eyes. ‎ 24. Raise/ rise/ arise区别 三者区别在于： ①三个动词词性不同：raise是及物动词，可用于被动语态； rise和arise是不及物动词，无被动语态 ②做“上升”解时意义有别：arise没有“上升”之意，多指问题等“产生、出现”，常用于抽象事物；rise运用范围广，可用于具体事物的“上升”‎ ‎，也可用于抽象事物的“增加、上涨”；raise是把具体事物举到高处或把抽象事物提高。‎ 一 .raise vt.招募、培育 如：raise a family vt.提高 如：raise the rent 提高租金 vt.举起 如：raise your hands 举起手 vt.提出 如：raise a question 提出问题 二、rise vi.上升、升起；增加；上涨 如：The price has risen.价格上涨了 The level line has risen 水平线上升 三、 arise  vi. （问题、难题等）出现 如：The question will arise if you do it like that. 如果你那样做，会出现问题。 The oppotunity will arise . 机会会出现的。 vi.产生于，起因于 常用于搭配arise from 如：The accidents arise from carelessness. 事故起因于粗心大意。 vi.起身 arise to do 起身做某事 如：He arose to greet her. 他起身迎接她。 vi.上升（多指无形的东西，如难度等） 25. Cross/ across 区别 ‎ Cross 是及物动词，across 是介词 Cross=go across 穿过 Be careful when you cross the street.‎ ‎= Be careful when you go across the street.‎ 过街的时候小心点！‎ 26. across/through 区别 首先两个都是介词，区别如下：‎ across表示“横穿、横过、横渡、横跨” 例：I swam across the Changjiang River 20 years ago. 20年前我横渡了长江。 Look left and right before you go across the street. 过马路时要左右看。‎ 而through为在立体空间中的“穿过”。如：go through the forest“穿过森林”，go across the street “穿过大街” 例The river runs through our city.这条河流经我们市。 He passed through the hall. 他穿过大厅 ‎ 27. more beautiful/ much better区别 ‎ More + 形容词原形 eg. More expensive 更昂贵.‎ ‎ An apartment is more expensive than a car in Beijing.‎ ‎ Much+形容词比较级 ‎ Green is much stronger than Curry！‎ 附：不规则形容词的比较级和最高级变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good(好的)/well(健康的） better best bad (坏的)/ill(有病的) worse worst old (老的) older/elder oldest/eldest much/many(多的) more most little(少的) less least far (远的) farther/further farthest/furthest ‎ 28. Much too / too much 区别 1、 too much = much“太多，过多”用做形容词或代词，可以修饰不可数名词或用来代替不可数名词。 例：There was too much noise in the next door.隔壁太吵！ ‎ ‎ You shouldn’t have eaten too much. 你本不该吃太多！（实际吃了） too much也可以放在某些动词之后，做状语，表示程度，这些词有：work，talk，walk，thank等。 例：She does talk too much, doesn’t she? ‎ ‎2、much too = too “实在，太”用来修饰形容词或副词，其实too就是用来修饰形容词或副词，在它前面加上much则更能表示程度“太”。 例：The dress is much too long for me. 这件礼服太长了。 The problem is much too difficult for us to solve. ‎ ‎29. 情态动词 + have done（表示针对过去的动作）‎ should have done表示本应做而没做（表责备） could have done表示本可以做而没做（表遗憾） must have done表示对过去事实的肯定判断,语气较重,即很肯定（表猜测） might have done=may have done对过去事实的猜测,语气较轻（表猜测） needn’t have done 表示本没有必要做某事，但是做了（画蛇添足）‎ could not have done 表示不可能做了某事 eg.‎ 1. You should have swept the floor.你本该扫地而没扫.（含责备语气） 2.She could have done better.她本来可以做得更好的.（而实际上做得不够好，含惋惜语气） 3.It must have rained yesterday.昨儿个一定下雨了.(看到外面有很明显的下过雨的痕迹时说) 4.He might have had a fever.他可能发烧了吧.（人没来,而谁也不知道原因,就随便猜猜）‎ 5. You needn’t have helped him. He didn’t deserve it.‎ 你没必要帮他的，他是白眼狼！‎ 6. She couldn’t have stolen my wallet. 她不可能拿了我的钱包。 ‎ 30. 强调句 ‎ ⑴强调句基本句型：It is/ was+ 被强调部分+ 其他部分 陈述句： I met Tailor Swift in New York last Sunday morning.‎ 分别强调主语，宾语，地点状语和时间状语 It was I who/that met Tailor Swift in New York last Sunday morning.‎ It was Tailor Swift who/that I met in New York last Sunday morning.‎ It was in New York that I met Tailor Swift last Sunday morning.‎ It was last Sunday morning that I met Tailor Swift in New York.‎ ⑵谓语动词的强调。假如想强调谓语动词，则在动词前面加上助动词 I did meet Tailor Swift in New York last Sunday morning.‎ I do hope you can do it for me.‎ I do believe that we can manage it ourselves. ‎ 我相信我们自己可以搞定。‎ 30. used to do/ be used to do/ be used to doing 区别 ⑴.Used to do 表过去常常做某事，可以强调动作也可以强调状态 eg：‎ He used to go to that coffee shop after work when he was young.‎ ‎= He would go to that coffee shop after work when he was young.‎ 年轻时下班后他常光顾那个咖啡店。‎ He used to be my Chinese teacher.‎ 他曾经是我的老师。（强调状态）‎ ⑵.be used to do 表示被用来做某事 Cotton can be used to make clothes.‎ 棉花可以拿来做衣服 ⑶.Be/get used to doing 习惯于做...‎ I find it difficult to get used to school life.‎ I find it difficult to get used to getting up before seven.‎ 七点之前起床真要命。‎ 31. 数字的读法 ⑴ 基数词 （百位和十位之间用 and 连接）‎ ‎45：forty-five ‎325：three hundred and twenty-five ‎22222：twenty-two thousand，two hundred and twenty-two ⑵. 序数词 第一 first 第二second 第三 third April 8th April 21st April22nd April23rd ‎ ⑶. 分数和百分数 三分之一：one third 五分之一： one fifth 三分之二：two thirds 五分之二： two fifths ‎30%： thirty percent 100%： one hundred percent ⑷. 房间号，航班号和电话号码 Room304： room three o four Flight HU 7048：flight HU seven o four eight ‎27285505：two seven two eight double-five o five 30. run out， run out of 和 use up的区别 都是表示花光，用光。但是：‎ Run out 是不及物动词 My money has run out.‎ run out of = use up 是及物动词，有被动语态。‎ I have run out of my money.‎ ‎= I have used up my money.‎ ‎= My money has been run out of.‎ ‎= My money has been used up.‎ 31. After，before既可以作介词也可以作连词 What do you usually do after work/school?‎ After looking at the toy for a minute, she decided to buy it.‎ She turned on the TV after she finished her work.‎ We are supposed to gather at the school gate before 8:00am.‎ You had better change your mind before it is too late.‎ 32. worth、worthy、worthwhile的用法区别 这三个词都是形容词，都有“值得的”的意思，但用法或搭配关系不同。 1. worth是一个只能作表语的形容词，意思为“值……的”、“值得……的”。后接名词、接动名词的主动形式。例如： This second-hand car is worth $2000 at the most. The exhibition is worth a visit/visiting. 2. worthy可作表语，也可作定语。作定语时意思为“有价值的”、“值得尊敬的”、“应受到赏识的”；用作表语时意思为“值得……的”、“应得到……的”，其后接of sth.，也可以后接to do sth.，例如： This phenomenon is worthy of being studied. 这种现象值得研究。 This problem is worthy to be considered. 这个问题值得考虑。 This is a worthy article. 这是一篇值得一看的文章。 The question is not worthy to be discussed again and again. 3.worthwhile 值得的 一般用于 It is worthwhile to do.../doing...‎ 30. remind sb of...提醒某人某事:The old picture reminded me of those old days. ‎ ‎ inform sb of.../inform sb that...告诉某人某事：I am glad to inform you that you have been admitted to our company.‎ 31. value/valuable/priceless/worthless Value 价值n.重视vt. Valuable 珍贵的adj. Priceless 无价的adj. Worthless没有价值的 adj.‎ 32. be of+名词= be+adj.‎ Your advice is of great use/ value/importance.你的建议很有用/很有价值/很重要。‎ ‎= Your advice is very useful/valuable/important.‎ 33. when 和 while 在引导时间状语从句时的区别 When可以表示当...时，也可以表示在...期间，既可以指代时间点也可以指代时间段。‎ While只能表示在...期间，只能指代时间段。‎ We were watching TV when the earthquake broke out.‎ ‎= The earthquake broke out when/ while we were watching TV.‎ 34. 区别 because/ because of in case/ in case of...‎ Because/in case+ 状语从句 Because of/in case of+ 名词或者名词短语 Eg. The boss is angry because you are late again.‎ ‎ =the boss is angry because of you.‎ ‎ Take an umbrella in case it will rain.‎ ‎ =take an umbrella in case of the rain.‎ 35. 常见形容词副词相互转化 Obvious/obviously apparent/apparently constant/constantly possible/possibly terrible/terribly Gradual/gradually sudden/suddenly fortunate/fortunately immediate/immediately lucky/luckily eventual/eventually