2020版高考英语一轮完形填空和语法填空优练题（1）（含解析）

2020版高考英语一轮完形填空和语法填空优练题（1）（含解析）

‎2019版高考英语一轮完形填空和语法填空优练题（1）‎ 李仕才 Part A：完形填空 A Ten years ago，a doctor told me something was wrong with my lung and I had to give up work at once and went to bed.I was totally __1__ and felt I was suddenly placed under __2__ of death with an indefinite reprieve(缓刑)．After careful thought，I __3__ my affairs；then I went home and got into bed.But 2 years later，I left my bed and __4__ the long climb back.It was another year __5__ I made it.‎ I speak of this experience because these past years have __6__ me what to value and what to believe.I __7__ now that this world is not my oyster(牡蛎)to be opened but my __8__ to be grasped.‎ I've also learned that it's necessary to __9__ those little，allimportant things I never thought I would __10__ before：the music of the wind in my favorite pine tree，the __11__ of sunlight on running water.I seem now，with some of the __12__ freshness of childhood，to hear and see.How well，__13__，I recall the touch of the earth the day I first stepped upon it after the years in bed.It was like __14__ one's citizenship in a world one had nearly lost.‎ Frequently，I __15__ myself that I need make notes of this __16__.I'm living in now，because in it I'm well，__17__，doing what I like best.It won't always be like this，__18__ I'll make the most of it and be grateful.I __19__ all this to that long time spent in bed.Wiser people come to this __20__ without having to acquire it the hard way.But I wasn't wise enough.I'm wiser now，a little，and happier.‎ ‎1．A.confused　　　　　B．shocked C．determined D．annoyed ‎2．A.trial B．pressure C．sentence D．control ‎3．A.made up B．set up C．took up D．cleared up ‎4．A.recalled B．began C．avoided D．accepted ‎5．A.when B．after C．since D．before ‎6．A.assigned B．taught 8‎ C．treated D．assured ‎7．A.admit B．demand C．expect D．realize ‎8．A.knowledge B．opportunity C．attention D．point ‎9．A.dismiss B．list C．define D．appreciate ‎10．A.notice B．record C．remember D．track ‎11．A.shadow B．shake C．play D．feeling ‎12．A.damaged B．recovered C．faded D．changed ‎13．A.in contrast B．in return C．for instance D．by chance ‎14．A.maintaining B．regaining C．discovering D．forgetting ‎15．A.remind B．promise C．advise D．convince ‎16．A.country B．moment C．memory D．inspiration ‎17．A.pleased B．courageous C．confident D．strong ‎18．A.meanwhile B．otherwise C．however D．therefore ‎19．A.apply B．owe C．contribute D．adapt ‎20．A.awareness B．agreement C．comment D．compromise ‎【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。一场重病让作者明白了什么是人生中最重要的东西。因此他对自己当下所拥有的倍加珍惜，并心存感激。‎ ‎1．B　根据上文中的“Ten years ago, a doctor told me something was wrong with my lung and I had to give up work at once and went to bed”可知，当被告知自己的肺部出了问题且不得不立即放弃工作卧床休息时作者感到非常震惊(shocked)。confused“困惑的”；‎ 8‎ ‎ annoyed“恼怒的”。‎ ‎2．C　作者突然觉得自己好像是被判了死缓一样。根据语境尤其是下文的“with an indefinite reprieve(缓刑)”可知，此处应选sentence“宣判，判刑”。under sentence of death“被判处死刑”。‎ ‎3．D　仔细思考之后，作者把手头的事务处理掉，然后回家了。根据上文中的“I had to give up work at once and went to bed”可知，clear up“解决，清理”符合语境。make up“组成，编造”；set up“设立”；take up“开始从事，占据”。‎ ‎4．B　两年后，作者离开了病床，开始(began)了漫长的重回之前的生活状态的“攀登”。recall“回忆起”；avoid“避免”；accept“接受”。‎ ‎5．D　过了一年，作者就做到了。It was/is＋一段时间＋before...是固定句型，意为“过了……才/就……”。‎ ‎6．B　作者谈及这段经历是因为那些过去的岁月教会(taught)了作者应该珍惜什么，相信什么。assign“分配，分派”；treat“招待”；assure“使确信”。‎ ‎7．D　现在作者意识到(realize)这个世界不是等待他去打开的牡蛎，而是需要他去抓住的机会。admit“承认”；expect“期待，期望”。‎ ‎8．B　参见上题解析。grasp the opportunity“抓住机会”，是固定搭配。knowledge“知识”；attention“注意力”；point“观点”。‎ ‎9．D　作者也学会了欣赏(appreciate)那些不起眼的但却很重要的东西，而作者之前从未想过自己会去注意这些东西。dismiss“不予理会，不予考虑”；list“列举”； define“给……下定义，解释”。‎ ‎10. A　参见上题解析。notice“注意到”；record“记录”；remember“记得”；track“跟踪”。‎ ‎11．C　根据上文中的“the music of the wind in my favorite pine tree”和下文中的“I seem now…to hear and see”可知，此处指的应是作者以前不会注意到的东西。play“轻快变幻的动作，闪烁”，the play of sunlight on water“阳光在水面上的闪烁”。‎ ‎12．B　作者重新找回了童年时期看待事物的新鲜感。recovered“重新获得的，重新找到的”，符合语境。‎ ‎13．C　比如，回想起自己卧床两年后重新踏上这片土地的感觉有多好。for instance“比如，例如”，符合语境。in contrast“相反”；in return“作为回报”；by chance“偶然地”。‎ ‎14．B　这就像在一个差点失去的世界中重新获得公民身份一样。regain“重新得到”和下文的“lost”相对应。maintain“维持”；discover“发现”；forget“忘记”。‎ ‎15．A　作者经常提醒自己要记下这个自己现在生活的时刻，因为活在此刻，作者是健康且快乐的，而且能做自己最喜欢做的事情。remind“提醒”，符合语境。promise“许诺，允诺”；convince“使相信”。‎ 8‎ ‎16．B　参见上题解析。moment“时刻”；inspiration“灵感”。‎ ‎17．A　参见第15题解析。pleased“快乐的，高兴的”；courageous“勇敢的”；confident“自信的”；strong“坚强的”。下文中的“I'm wiser now，a little，and happier”亦是提示。‎ ‎18．D　它不会总是如这般存在，因此作者会充分利用它并心存感激。上下文之间是因果关系，故用therefore。meanwhile“与此同时”；otherwise“否则”；however“然而”。‎ ‎19．B　作者将这一切都归功于他卧病在床的那段漫长时光。owe...to...“把……归功于……”，是固定用法。‎ ‎20．A　更有智慧的人无需被困到如此境地也能明白这些道理。awareness“意识，明白”符合语境。compromise“妥协”。‎ B ‎(2015·四川德阳四校一模)‎ Uncle Bruce has been my most influential role model.I admire him because he has __1__ me into the person I am today by teaching me about respect and responsibility and that anything __2__ having takes a lot of hard work.‎ The most important thing he has __3__ me is how to think.He always says，“You can learn something from everyone，__4__ it’s what not to do.”He always does what he __5__.If he says，“I’ll pick you up at seven on Thursday，” it will __6__.Also，Bruce is the kind of person who actually __7__ you.‎ Uncle Bruce was in the army for 20 years and went through some terrible __8__，but he hasn’t let them affect him __9__.After hearing his stories about alcoholand drugrelated __10__，I have no interest in doing anything that could __11__ me or my friends.He is also the only person who truly believes I can __12__ it on West Point.He has done everything within his __13__ to help me achieve that goal.‎ Uncle Bruce is my hero because he is __14__ that I want to be when I’m his age.He is smart，financially __15__，and gives back to his community.There is no way I can __16__ him for all he’s done.He is the one whose __17__ can change the way I look at something.I’ve never told him that I love him，__18__ has he told me，but we love each other and I wouldn’t have it any other way.I’m not __19__ he’s perfect，but I can’t imagine __20__ without him now that he is here.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。在作者的成长道路上，Bruce叔叔身上的优秀品质一直激励着作者，并在作者的人格塑造中起着重要作用。‎ ‎1．A.shaped　　　　　　　　　 B．promoted 8‎ C．trained D．blessed 解析：选A。考查动词辨析。句意为：我钦佩他是因为他塑造了现在的我。A项意为“塑造”；B项意为“促进，提升”；C项意为“训练”；D项意为“祝福”。故选A项。‎ ‎2．A.like B．about C．from D．worth 解析：选D。考查词义辨析。句意为：任何值得拥有的东西都要花费一番努力。be worth doing为固定句型，意为“值得……”，此处作定语修饰“anything”，故省略be动词。故选D项。‎ ‎3．A.directed B．taught C．encouraged D．improved 解析：选B。考查动词辨析。句意为：他所教给我的最重要的事情是如何思考。根据第一段中的“by teaching me”可知，应选B项。‎ ‎4．A.so that B．even if C．as if D．now that 解析：选B。考查短语辨析。句意为：你能从所有的人那里学到一些东西，即使是一些不应该去做的事。根据语境可知，前后半句之间为让步关系。even if意为“即使”，符合语境。故选B项。‎ ‎5．A.wants B．supports C．promises D．advises 解析：选C。考查动词辨析。句意为：他总是言出必行。A项意为“想要”；B项意为“支持”；C项意为“承诺”；D项意为“建议”。C项符合语境。故选C项。‎ ‎6．A.matter B．insist C．succeed D．happen 解析：选D。考查动词辨析。句意为：那件事就会发生。A项意为“有关系”；B项意为“坚持”；C项意为“成功”；D项意为“发生”。根据上文“He always does what he ______.”可知，此处表示Bruce叔叔答应的事一定会发生。故选D项。‎ ‎7．A.sticks to B．points at C．listens to D．comes at 解析：选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意为：Bruce叔叔也是能认真听你倾诉的人。A项意为“坚持”；B项意为“指向”；C项意为“听”；D项意为“攻击”。故选C项。‎ ‎8．A.experiences B．diseases C．drills D．adaptations 解析：选A。考查名词辨析。句意为：他有过一些可怕的经历。A项意为“经历”；B项意为“疾病”；C项意为“训练”；D项意为“适应”。故选A项。‎ 8‎ ‎9．A.materially B．negatively C．barely D．positively 解析：选B。考查副词辨析。句意为：但他并没有让这些经历给他带来消极的影响。A项意为“实质地”；B项意为“消极地”；C项意为“仅仅”；D项意为“肯定地”。根据上文“went through some terrible ______，but”可知，此处表示转折；由此可推知，可怕的经历没有让他变得消极。故选B项。‎ ‎10．A.tendencies B．statistics C．references D．misfortunes 解析：选D。考查名词辨析。句意为：听了他与酒精和毒品相关的不幸的故事后。根据上文中的“terrible ______”及“alcohol and drugrelated”可知，与酒精和毒品相关的多是不幸的事。故选D项。‎ ‎11．A.sink B．test C．harm D．exploit 解析：选C。考查动词辨析。句意为：我对任何伤害我及我朋友的事情都不感兴趣。A项意为“下沉”；B项意为“测试”；C项意为“伤害”；D项意为“开发”。故选C项。‎ ‎12．A.make B．take C．bring D．seize 解析：选A。考查动词辨析。句意为：他也是唯一真正相信我能成功地进入西点军校的人。make it意为“成功地做某事”，符合语境。故选A项。‎ ‎13．A.management B．access C．patent D．power 解析：选D。考查名词辨析。句意为：他做了在他能力范围内的一切来帮助我实现目标。A项意为“管理”；B项意为“进入”；C项意为“专利”；D项意为“能力”。故选D项。‎ ‎14．A.everybody B．everything C．nobody D．nothing 解析：选B。考查代词辨析。句意为：Bruce叔叔是我的英雄，因为我希望自己到了他这个年纪的时候，能成为像他一样的人。根据语境可知，此处指作者想拥有Bruce叔叔身上一切美好的品质。故选B项。‎ ‎15．A.secure B．shaky C．proper D．messy 解析：选A。考查形容词辨析。句意为：他聪明，有稳定的收入，并且会回报他的社区。A项意为“稳当的”；B项意为“摇晃的”；C项意为“适当的”；D项意为“杂乱的”。故选A项。‎ ‎16．A.praise B．repay C．present D．recharge 8‎ 解析：选B。考查动词辨析。句意为：对于他为我所做的一切，我无法回报。A项意为“表扬”；B项意为“回报”；C项意为“提出”；D项意为“充电，休整”。故选B项。‎ ‎17．A.strength B．honesty C．opinion D．standard 解析：选C。考查名词辨析。句意为：他是一个能够用他的观点来影响我对事物的看法的一个人。A项意为“力量”；B项意为“诚实”；C项意为“观点”；D项意为“标准”。故选C项。‎ ‎18．A.or B．either C．nor D．so 解析：选C。考查副词辨析。句意为：我从未告诉过他我爱他，他也没有告诉过我他爱我。nor意为“也不，也不是”。根据“never”可知，应选C项。‎ ‎19．A.saying B．proving C．expressing D．demanding 解析：选A。考查动词辨析。句意为：我并不是说他是完美的。A项意为“说”；B项意为“证明”；C项意为“表达”；D项意为“要求”。故选A项。‎ ‎20．A.travelling B．studying C．working D．living 解析：选D。考查动词辨析。句意为：我无法想象没有他的生活。live意为“生活”，符合语境。故选D项。‎ Part B：短文语法填空 Scientists have discovered that 1.________ (stay) in the cold could help us lose weight. Researchers at the University‎ of ‎California found that exposure to the cold increases levels of a protein that helps form brown fat — the type of fat that produces heat and keeps us warm. Brown fat burns energy, 2.________ helps us lose weight. White fat stores extra energy, which results 3.________ weight gain. The researchers said that because air conditioning and heating give us constant, 4.________ (comfort) temperatures, our body's need for brown fat has decreased. They found that Outdoor workers in northern Finland who 5.________ (expose) to cold temperature have 6.________ significant amount of brown fat when 7.________ (compare) to sameaged indoor workers.‎ The research was conducted on two different control groups of mice. 8.________ group was injected with the protein that helps create brown fat. This group later gained 8‎ ‎ 30% less weight after both groups were fed highfat diets. The researchers say this could be good news in the fight against obesity. People who are obese have 9.________ (low) levels of brown fat than thinner people. Head researcher Hei Sook Sul said: “This protein could become an important target for research into the treatment and prevention of obesity and obesityrelated diseases.” She added: “If you can somehow increase levels of this protein, you could 10.________ (possible) lose more weight even if eating the same amount of food.”‎ ‎【参考答案】‎ ‎1．staying　考查非谓语动词。从结构可知此处是非谓语作主语，用动名词形式，故填staying。‎ ‎2．which　考查关系代词。在非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，用关系代词which指代前句话内容。‎ ‎3．in　考查介词。result in “导致，造成”。故填in。‎ ‎4．comfortable　考查形容词。此处是和constant并列作temperatures的定语，故用形容词形式。‎ ‎5．are exposed　考查谓语动词。expose是及物动词，句中没有宾语，判断用被动形式。be exposed to “暴露在……之下”，根据主谓一致原则，填are exposed。‎ ‎6．a　考查冠词。a significant amount of“大量的”。故填a。‎ ‎7．compared　考查非谓语动词。此处是“连词＋分词”结构，compare和句子主语outdoor workers之间是被动关系，用过去分词，故填compared。‎ ‎8．One　考查数词。从上文内容可知此处指两组中的一组，因位于句首，故填One。‎ ‎9．lower　考查比较级。根据句中than可知此处用比较级，修饰名词levels，用形容词，故填lower。‎ ‎10．possibly　考查副词。修饰动词lose用副词形式，故填possibly。‎ 8‎