中考英语专题复习动词时态及语态详解

中考英语专题复习动词时态及语态详解

中考专项复习——动词时态及语态 语法学习表 时态 意义 标志词语 构成公式 被动语态 一般现在时 经常性、习惯性的动作，存在的状态，或客观真理 often, always, usually, sometimes, once a week, every day 主语+V原形（主语是第三人称单数时，V加s或es）‎ 主语+is /am/are+V过分 现在进行时 现在正在发生的动作 now，Look!, Listen!， at this moment 主语+am/is/are+V-ing 主语+am/is/are+being+V过分 现在完成时 过去的动作对现在有影响或过去的动作一直持续到现在 already , yet ,since, so far 主语 +have/has +V过分 主语+have/has +been+V过分 一般过去时 过去发生的动作 yesterday ，last week, …ago, in 1998, just now 主语+V过去式 主语+was/were +V过分 过去进行时 过去时间内正发生的动作或存在的状态 at this time yesterday, just then, at 6:00 last Sunday, when+一般过去时 主语+was/were+V-ing 主语+was/were+being+V过分 过去完成时 过去已完成的动作 by the end of +过去的时间，by the time +一般过去时 主语+had+V过分 主语+had+been+V过分 一般将来时 将要发生的动作或将来的状态 tomorrow, next week, in the future, in two days, in 2100‎ 主语+am/is/are going to +V原形，或主语+will+V原形 主语+will be+V过分 过去将来时 过去时间内将要发生的动作或存在的状态 常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句 主语+was/were+going to+V原形，或主语+would +V原形 主语+would+be+V过分 现在完成进行时 过去的动作一直延续到现在 ‎“since+时间点/从句/时间点ago”或“for+时间段” ‎ 主语+have /has+been+V-ing ‎ 含情态动词 ‎ can/may/must等+V原形 can/may/must等+be +V过分 考点精讲 考点1 一般现在时有哪些特殊用法？‎ （1） 表示此时此刻正在发生的动作或存在的状态。‎ What’s the time now? 现在几点了？‎ （2） 在含时间和条件状语从句的复合句中（主句为一般将来时）。‎ I’ll call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing tomorrow.明天一到北京，我就给你打电话。‎ （3） 在主句为过去时态的复合句中，如果宾语从句陈述的是客观真理，从句用一般现在时。‎ The teacher said Maria is a girl.老师说玛利亚是个女孩。‎ （4） 表示书、信、报纸、通知、广播、告示牌等的内容用一般现在时。‎ It says, “Closed”.上面写着，“停止营业”。‎ 专练 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1、 Three plus two_________（be）five. 2、There____________（go）the bell!‎ ‎3、Light______________（travel）faster than sound. ‎ ‎4、If you____________（ask）her tomorrow, she will help you.‎ ‎5、The notice _______________（say）“No Smoking!”.‎ 考点2 如何使用used to?‎ used to后加动词原形表示“过去常常”，其疑问句和否定句可直接使用used，也可借助于did。‎ I used to be afraid of dark .我过去常怕黑。He usedn’t to ride to school.他过去不常骑车去上学。‎ He used to smoke, didn’t he?他过去常抽烟，是吗？‎ 注意：be used to doing 意为“习惯做某事”， be used to do 意为“被用来……”，不要混淆。‎ 专练 按要求变化下面的句型 ‎1、She used to play near the river.(改为否定句)‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________________‎ 1、 The children didn’t use to come here early,_____________________？(补全反意疑问句)‎ ‎ 考点3 一般将来时有哪些形式？‎ ‎ （1）“be going to+动词原形”表示计划或打算在最近要做的事。‎ ‎ I’m going to take you to the park.我打算带你去公园。 ‎ ‎ （2）“will/shall+动词原形”是单纯的将来时，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。‎ ‎ He will come back next week.他下周回来。‎ ‎ （3）“be+动词不定式”结构，表示按计划要发生的事，或用来征求对方意见。‎ ‎ We are to meet outside the park. 我们约定在公园外面见。‎ ‎ Am I to go on with the work? 这工作我是不是接着干下去？‎ ‎ （4）“be about+动词不定式”结构，表示即将做某事，一般不用时间状语。‎ ‎ It is about to rain.天要下雨了。‎ （1） 现在进行时可用于表示马上要发生的动作，多用于瞬间动词（start,begin,die等）。‎ ‎ I’m leaving for Shanghai. 我要去上海了。‎ 专练 按要求变化下面的句型 1、 Have you finished your homework? Not yet. I__________________________________（this afternoon）.‎ 2、 Where are you going this Sunday? _______________________________（the zoo）.‎ 考点4 哪些动词没有进行时？‎ ‎ 表示感觉、情感、状态、看法、意愿的动词一般没有进行时，这类动词有：hear, see, smell, look, seem, think, like, want, hope, belong, cost, weigh, prefer, remain, have, own, believe等。‎ 专练 改正下面每个句子中的错误 1、 I’m hearing a strange noise now.‎ 2、 Now you are looking beautiful.‎ 考点5 现在完成时和一般过去时有什么区别？‎ 二者表示的动作都在过去发生。现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在的影响和结果，不能与表示过去的时间状语连用；一般过去时只表示过去的事实，与现在没有关系。‎ ‎—Have you done your homework?你做作业了吗？ —Yes, I have.做了。‎ ‎—When did you do it?什么时候做的？ —Last night.昨天晚上。‎ 专练 根据所给的动词短语，分别用一般过去时和现在完成时造句 1、 go to the beach 2、not hear of that 考点6 have been to, have been in和have gone to有何区别？‎ have been in 表示“在某地……”；have been to 表示“去过”某地，常与ever, never ,…before, once ,twice等连用；have gone to 表示“去了”某地，人可能在途中或已到达那里。‎ 专练 用have(has) gone to, have (has)been to, have(has) been in 填空 1、 Tim____________________________out. He’ll be back in an hour.‎ 2、 Jim___________________________this city for two years.‎ 3、 ‎___________you ever______________Jinan? It has some famous springs.‎ 考点7 现在完成时的句子，谓语何时用瞬间动词，何时用延续动词？‎ ‎ 若表示持续性的动作，常与表示一段时间的状语如these days, in the past few years, during the last three months, for two years, so far, up to now, till now, recently等连用。‎ The old man has been away from home for twenty years.那老人离开家已十年了。‎ 注意：瞬间动词不能与持续性的完成时连用，必须改为延续动词，记住下面的瞬间动词与延续动词的换用：‎ 1、 动词变动词：buy→have, borrow→keep 2、 变为“be+adj./adv.”：begin→be on, close/open→be closed/open, die→be dead, finish→be over, get up→be up, marry→be married, go→be off, come→be here, return→be back, arrive→be here 3、 变为“be+介词短语”：come/go →be in/at, join→be in(或“be+成员”)，put on→wear(或be in)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ I came to this school ten years ago. = I have been in this school for ten years. = Ten years has passed since I came to this school. = It is ten years since I came to this school.‎ ‎ 专练 A）用所给动词的适当形式填空 ‎ 1、I __________________（buy）this bicycle for five years.‎ ‎ 2、You can ________________（borrow）it for two days.‎ ‎ 3、The film________________（begin）for five minutes.‎ ‎ 4、How long ______________ you _________________（go）this school?‎ ‎ 5、My brother ______________ (join) the army since 1999.‎ ‎ 6、I _________________（put on）the shoes since three years ago.‎ ‎ 7、The old man___________________（die）since 2000.‎ ‎ B ) 将下面的句子变为同义句 8、 They got married two years ago. It _______________________since they got married.‎ ‎9、We came to this school three years ago. ‎ We__________________________ this school __________three years.‎ ‎10、I have been up for two hours. Two hours __________________________I got up.‎ 考点8 如何将主动语态变为被动语态？‎ 主动句变为被动句的方法是：一看动词，二换主语，三变谓语。‎ （1） 主动句有双宾语，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，但若将直接宾语用作主语，后面要使用to 或for引出间接宾语。‎ He gave me a book yesterday. ‎ ‎→I was given a book yesterday./A book was given to me yesterday.‎ ‎( 2 ) 动词短语是一个不可分的整体，变化时不能丢掉介词或副词。‎ ‎ You should speak to me politely. →I should be spoken to politely.(to 不可少)‎ （2） 主动句的主语若是地点名词，变化时不要忘记加介词。‎ Shandong produces salt. →Salt is produced in Shandong.‎ ‎ ( 4 ) 带宾语补足语的动词变为被动语态时，宾补在原位置不动。‎ ‎ I saw a man playing basketball there. →A man was seen playing basketball there.‎ ‎ ( 5 ) 在主动句中某些动词后的不定式可省略to，但在被动句中to要补出。‎ ‎ Our parents make us study hard. →We are made to study hard.‎ 专练 将下面句子的主动语态变为被动语态，被动语态变为主动语态 1、 The students clean the room every day.‎ 2、 She gave me twenty yuan last week.‎ 3、 A present was bought for me by my sister.‎ 4、 The girl has taken care of the blind men for five years.‎ 考点9 哪些动词的主动形式可以表示被动意义？‎ （1） 系动词，如look, feel, taste, smell等。‎ The music sounds beautiful.这音乐听起来很美。‎ （2） sell, feel, write, drive, open 等词作不及物动词，其主语为物时。‎ This kind of clothes sells well.这种衣服卖得很好。‎ （3） 在be worth doing sth.中的doing。‎ The basketball match is well worth watching.这场篮球赛很值得看。‎ （1） 在need ,want, require等表示“需要”的动词后接V-ing形式表示被动意义，相当于to be done。‎ My kite wants mending.我的风筝需修理。‎ 专练 用所给动词的适当形式填空。‎ 1、 The fur of the cat__________（feel） very warm.‎ 2、 The apples____________（taste）good.‎ 3、 This kind of food_______________（smell） hot.‎ 4、 The latest model cars ________________（sell）well.‎ 5、 The ball-pen_________________（write）smoothly.‎ 6、 Your coat _________________（not wash）easily.‎ 7、 The book is worth______________（read）.‎ 8、 Your hair wants _____________（cut）.‎ 考点10 被动语态有哪些习惯用法？‎ It is said that…据说…… It is well known that… 众所周知……‎ It is reported that… 据报道…… It is believed that… 大家相信……‎ It is said that it will rain tomorrow.据说明天要下雨。‎ 专练 根据汉语提示，用适当的词填空，完成下面的句子 ‎1、____________________________（据说）we will have an English exam tomorrow.‎ ‎2、____________________________(众所周知)most families have one bike at least.‎ ‎3、____________________________(大家相信)our government will solve this problem.‎ 考点11 如何判断时态？‎ 遇到时态判断题可按以下步骤判断：‎ 一找标志（词），二想公式，三写变化。‎ 首先找出时态标志词，如：He____________（not talk）now.其标志词是now。‎ 再根据标志词确定用哪些时态，想想其公式。如now是现在进行时的标志，公式是am/is/are+V-ing。‎ 注意：看句式是疑问句还是否定句，写出变化形式。如上题是否定句，故填isn’t talking。‎ 中考英语试题精选—动词时态与语态 ‎【1辽宁·沈阳】1.Tomorrow there's a programme about our school on TV，then it ____ by millions of people．‎ ‎       A．will see    B．saw    C．will be seen  D．was seen ‎【1湖北·襄樊】2．--I        the Great Wall next week．‎ ‎   --Have a good trip！‎ ‎    A． visit            B． visited           C． am visiting      D． have visited ‎【1山东·东营】3. He           to Dongying many times, so he knows every corner of it.‎ A. went           B. will go             C. has gone          D. has been ‎【1安徽省卷】4. -- Are you going to the party?‎ ‎   -- No, because I ______.‎ ‎      A. have asked         B. haven't asked ‎      C. have been asked    D. haven't been asked ‎【1河北省卷】5. This term ________ over. The summer vacation is coming in two weeks.‎ A. is               B. was                 C. has been             D. will be ‎【1湖北·武汉】6. --When _______ you _______ to learn to skate?‎ ‎     --Five years ago.‎ A. do; start     B. will; start       C. had; started    D. did; start ‎【1福建?晋江】7. –I want to teach in Tibet when I graduate from the college.‎ ‎   --Me too. Teachers __________very much there.‎ A. need            B. are needing                  C. are needed ‎【1湖北·咸宁】8. — The 1 Asian Sports Meet            this November in Guangzhou.‎ ‎— Yes. I wish Chinese players will do well.‎ ‎     A. will be held       B. have been held   C. was to be held   D. would be held ‎【1黑龙江·哈尔滨】9．Great changes have taken place since we ______ E—Times．And the computer is widely used throughout the world．‎ ‎         A．entered                 B．will enter             C．have entered ‎【1贵州·铜仁】10. —Hello!  Is that Mr. Jiang ?‎ ‎—No ,he_____   Guiyang .He will be back in more than two weeks.‎ A. goes         B. went       C. has gone to    D. has been to ‎【1江苏·镇江】11. —The Summer Palace is wonderful. Have you ever visited any other interesting places?‎ ‎—Yes. Also, we _________ to the Great Wall.‎ ‎     A. have gone     B. have been     C. had gone     D. had been ‎【1江苏·苏州】12．—What do you think of the film“Avatar”?‎ ‎   —It’s fantastic．The only pity is that I________ the beginning of it．‎ A．missed          B．was missing        C．miss          D．will miss ‎【1甘肃?兰州】13. In the past few years there ______ great changes in my hometown.‎ A. have been        B. were                  C. had been         D. are ‎【1湖北·宜昌】14. ---There’s too much salt in the Chinese diet.‎ ‎ ---So there is. The WHO says only 1.5 grams of salt ____ for each man every day.‎ A. is needed    B. needs       C. will need                  D. has needed ‎【1广东·广州】15. — Excuse me, what's this for?‎ ‎—It's a cleaner and it ____ to pick up dirt.‎ A. uses       B is used                 C is using              D. used ‎【1四川?达州】16. When we got to Yushu airport , we were told that they ____ more than 500 people from the ruins (废墟) by earthquake.‎ A. has saved       B. saved         C. had saved            D. have saved ‎【1宁夏】17. ---Have you read this book?‎ ‎---Yes. I ____ it two weeks ago.‎ A. am reading      B. have read       C. will read                D. read A. am doing          B. were doing           C. was doing ‎【1重庆】18. If you ____ to the 1 Shanghai Expo next month, I will go with you.‎ A. go            B. has gone           C. will go             D. are going ‎【1浙江?义乌】19 It ____ to drive after drinking wine.‎ A. is allowed       B. is not allowed          C. is made        D. is welcomed ‎【2山东临沂】20. Chen Guangbiao says he _________ all his money to charities when he dies.‎ ‎   A. leaves   B. left   C. will leave   D. would leave ‎【2山东威海】21.—Mom, when can I go out to play football?‎ ‎—Finish your homework first, or I ________let you go out.‎ A. don't   B. didn't   C. won't    D. haven't ‎【2?山东青岛】22. Hello! I'm very glad to see you. When_________ you_________ here?‎ A. did; arrive            B. will; arrive     C. have; arrive   D. are; arriving ‎【3 山东滨州】23. We know that she enjoys ______ books very much.‎ A. read   B. reads C. reading     D. to read ‎【3 山东滨州】24. My pen pal Andrew found it difficult ______ Chinese well A. learning             B. learn                 C. to learn             D. learned ‎【3.山东菏泽】25. As one of the school rules, middle school students are not______ to smoke.‎ A. ordered B. refused C. allowed D. forbidden ‎【3.山东菏泽】26. Our foreign teacher Mr Green ______us English since three years ago.‎ A. has taught B. is teaching C. taught  D. teaches ‎【3山东济南】27.—Why do you want to stay at home?‎ ‎  —Because I ______ good when I am with my family.‎ ‎      A. smelt            B. feel        C. taste D. sound ‎【3山东济南】28. —Your paintings are so great, David! When did you learn ______?‎ ‎    —Three years ago.‎ ‎    A. to meet     B. to swim         C. to paint       D. to sing ‎【3山东济南】29. —Do you know Tom?‎ ‎    —Sure, we have ______in the same village for many years.‎ ‎    A. left              B. lived           C. come D. gone ‎【3山东济宁】30.—Sorry, Mr Green. I have_______my homework at home.‎ ‎—Never mind. But don't forger next time.‎ A.put     B.kept    C.left    D. remained ‎ ‎【3山东济宁】31.—Will you go and see the movie Net Mother with me?‎ ‎—Thank you. But I _____it already.‎ A.saw    B. have seen    C. see     D.will see ‎【3山东聊城】32. —Do you know the Englishman?‎ ‎—Yes. I _____________ him for two years.‎ A. get to know  B. have known  C. knew   D. got to know ‎【3 山东临沂】33. Traveling to space is no longer just a dream. Russia ______ the first hotel in space in the near future.‎ A builds   B. will build      C. build      D has build ‎【3 山东临沂】34. Every year, more than 70,000,000 sharks ____ for their fins.‎ A. were killed    B. have killed      C. are killed     D. will killed ‎【3山东泰安】35. —I want a ticket to Shanghai this afternoon, please.‎ ‎—OK. Will you please ______ me your ID card?‎ A. tell B. serve C. send D. show ‎【3山东泰安】36. —I hear Mr. Zhang has gone to Beijing for a meeting.‎ ‎—Really? Do you know when he ______?‎ A. leaves B. was leaving C. has left D. left ‎【3山东泰安】37. —Mum, when can I watch TV?‎ ‎—As soon as your homework _______.‎ A. finish B. finished C. is finished D. will be finished ‎【3山东泰安】38. Don’t ________ so often. It’s bad for your health.‎ A. get up B. stay up C. look up D. come up ‎【3山东·东营市】39. There            a football match and a concert this weekend. Which one would you like to go?‎ ‎  A. is        B. are         C. will be              D. will have ‎【3山东日照】40. －Do you enjoy ______ a volunteer?‎ ‎   －If you want _______ this, you’d better join us.‎ ‎   A. being; knowing   B. to be; knowing  C. being; to know  D. to be; to know ‎【3山东日照】41. －I called you this morning, but nobody answered it.‎ ‎－Oh, we _____ some running in the park.‎ A. are doing             B. were doing        C. have done          D. did ‎【3山东日照】42. Rock music may ________ nice to young people, but most old people can’t stand it.‎ A. hear               B. sound          C. look           D. listen