中考英语复习之简单句

中考英语复习之简单句

‎2016年中考英语复习之简单句(陈述句、感叹句、疑问句、祈使句)‎ 一、简单句的五大基本句型 ‎1.主语+谓语(不及物动词) 2.主语+谓语+宾语 3.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语 ‎4.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 5.主语+系动词+表语 ‎★常见的双宾语动词:‎ mail sb. sth. = mail sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 将某物给某人 pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人 sell sb. sth. = sell sth. to sb. 把某物卖给某人show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 拿某物给某人看 take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb. 把某物拿给某人teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb. 教某人某物 tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某情况buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物 make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb.为某人做某物pick sb. sth. = pick sth. for sb. 为某人采摘某物 ‎★可以用做宾语补语的有名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等 。 ‎ We call this kind of flower rose. Who left/kept the door open/closed? Let him out. ‎ 介词短语用作宾补常表示宾语所处的状态，它们之间亦具有逻辑主表关系。如：‎ Make yourself at home. They found everything in good order.　　‎ 充当宾补的不定式有：‎ a.动词不定式必须带to。这类动词有tell, ask, order, like, wish, want, expect, invite.‎ b.动词不定式省略动词不定式符号to。这类动词有:feel,listen to, hear,let, make,look at, see, watch, notice,但这类动词在变被动时，要加上动词不定式符号to I often hear him sing in the next room. ‎ 现在分词作宾补则表示宾语和宾补动作正在进行。‎ 现在分词作宾补与宾语之间存在主动关系，过去分词作宾补与宾语之间则为被动关系。‎ 二、陈述句(陈述句分为肯定句和否定句)‎ 陈述句用来说明一个事实或是陈述说话人的看法，句末用句号。‎ 否定句的结构有:‎ a.含有be动词、助动词、情态动词的否定形式，直接在后面加not。‎ b.含有实义动词的否定形式,要根据相应的人称和时态,借助助动词don’t/doesn’t/didn’t.‎ c.还可以用(no,never,no one, nobody,nothing,neither of, none of,little,few,seldom,hardly,too... to...)来构成否定形式。‎ 三、疑问句(疑问句分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句、否定疑问句)‎ ‎1.一般疑问句 一般疑问句用来询问事物或情况是否属实，需要对方用Yes/No给予肯定或否定回答。在回答时，要注意肯定一致与否定一致。‎ ‎2.否定疑问句通常是以be动词/情态动词/助动词+not开头，往往表示惊讶、赞叹、怀疑等语气，注意回答时Yes或No的意思。(难道……不……?)‎ ‎--- Don't you know the boy? ---Yes,I do.(Yes,I know the boy) ---No,I don’t.(No,I don’t know the boy)‎ ‎3.特殊疑问句=特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 a.如果疑问词在句中作主语或主语的定语，疑问句的语序与陈述句语序一致；如果疑问词在句中作其他成分，则用“疑问词+一般疑问句”的结构。‎ What is your name? Which one is Bob? Whose book is this?‎ b.常见的特殊疑问词及其用法 用how long(多长时间,多久)提问，通常用for/since来回答；用how often(多久一次)提问，通常用频度副词或表示频率的短语来回答；用how soon(多久以后)提问，通常用in+时间段来回答；用how far(多远)提问距离。‎ ‎4.选择疑问句 提出两种或两种以上的情况，要求对方选择一种情况进行回答的问句叫选择疑问句。‎ a.一般选择疑问句的结构:一般疑问句 + or + 被选择的部分?‎ ‎---Do you likes apples or oranges? --- I like apples. ‎ b.特殊选择疑问句的结构:特殊疑问句，A or B？‎ ‎---Which would you like better, tea or coffee? --- I like coffee.‎ ‎5.反意疑问句 反意疑问句由“陈述句+附加问句”组成,问话者欲对陈述句部分的内容做进一步的证实.‎ ①.当前面的陈述句是肯定句时,后面用否定形式进行反问,即前肯后否.Tom is a student,isn't he?‎ ②.当前面的陈述句是否定句时,后面用肯定形式进行反问,即前否后肯.Tom isn't a student,is he?‎ 附加问句的主语要用代词,并与陈述部分的主语一致,谓语在人称、数和时态上也要与陈述部分一致。‎ ①.陈述部分含有no, never, no one, nobody, nothing, neither of, none of, little, few, seldom, hardly, too... to... 等否定意义的词时，疑问部分要用肯定结构；但陈述部分带有否定前缀、后缀的词unhappy, important，dislike时，疑问部分仍用否定结构。‎ ②.陈述部分是there be句型时，其反意疑问句中要用be there。‎ ③.陈述部分的主语是指事/物的不定代词时(everything/nothing/anything/something),疑问部分主语代词用it.‎ ④.陈述部分的主语是指人的不定代词时(everybody/everyone/anybody/anyone/somebody/‎ someone/ nobody/no one/none/neither),疑问部分的主语代词用they.‎ ⑤.陈述部分的主语是指示代词this或that时,反意疑问句的主语用it，当陈述部分的主语是指示代词these或those时，其反意疑问句的主语用they。‎ ⑥.陈述部分出现I am...时，反意疑问句用aren't I。‎ ⑦.肯定祈使句的疑问部分用will you,否定祈使句的疑问部分用will you；以Let's开头的祈使句，疑问部分用shall we；但以Let us/me开头的祈使句，疑问部分用will you?‎ ⑧.陈述部分出现have/has/had时，‎ ‎→在一般现在时/一般过去时表示“有”的意思，疑问部分借助助动词do/does/did;‎ ‎→have/has/had to表示“不得不”的意思，疑问部分借助助动词do/does/did;‎ ‎→have/has/had表示“吃、喝、玩、度过”的意思，疑问部分借助助动词do/does/did;‎ ‎→had better表示“最好”的意思，疑问部分借助助动词did;‎ ‎→have/has/had出现在完成时，疑问部分用have/has/had;‎ ⑨.陈述部分出现must时,‎ ‎→must表示“必须”之意时，疑问部分要用needn’t.‎ ‎→must表示推测，表“一定”之意时，疑问部分的谓语要根据must后面的动词来确定。‎ He must work hard at physics, mustn't he?‎ The man must be Mr Wang,isn’t he? Tom must be at home，isn't he?‎ ⑩.在宾语从句中，若主句主语是第一人称，且谓语动词是think,suppose,expect,believe,imagine时，疑问部分用肯定结构还是否定结构关键看主句，疑问部分的主语和谓语要与从句一致。‎ ‎(11).当陈述部分主语是从句、不定式(短语)、动词-ing形式时，反意疑问句的主语应该用it。‎ I don't think he will come, will he? ‎ ‎(12).当陈述部分含有情态动词must, may, can’t, 且表示推测时，反意疑问部分不能用must, may, can’t自身，应和后面的实义动词保持一致，随时间和人称而变化.‎ 所谓还原法，就是先把句子还原成一个不带must推测意味的句子。‎ 如He must be a teacher.→He is a teacher.其反意疑问句为isn’t he? ‎ You must have waited for a long time.→You have waited for a long time.其反意疑问句haven’t you?‎ 注意：1、在must 表示现在情况的推测时，要注意主语对还原后句子谓语动词的影响。‎ 如：a.He must be ill at home, isn’t he?（还原为He is ill at home.）‎ b.They must be ill at home, aren’t they?(还原为They are ill at home.)‎ ‎2、must 表示对过去的情况推测时，要注意句意和时间状语对还原后句子时态的影响。如含有 for a long time, so far, before, since 等时间状语的句子还原后句子为完成时；而含有last night, yesterday, the other day, ten years ago 等时间状语的句子则还原为过去时。如：‎ He must have seen her in the street yesterday, didn’t he?（还原为：He saw her in the street yesterday.）‎ He must have learned English for more than 10 years, hasn’t he?（还原为：He has learned English for more than 10 years.）‎ ‎6.反意疑问句的回答 对反意疑问句作回答时，如果答案是肯定的，则用yes;若果答案是否定的，则用no.‎ ‎---Lucy skates very well,doesn’t she? ---Yes,she does.( Yes,she skates very well ‎ ‎---No,she doesn’t(No,she doesn’t skate very wel)‎ ‎---You don’t like eating apples,do you？---Yes,I do.( Yes,I like eating apples)‎ ‎ ---No,I don’t like eating apples.‎ 四、感叹句 ‎1. What + a/an +形容词 + 单数可数名词+ (主语+谓语)！‎ ‎2. What +形容词 +可数名词复数形式+ (主语+谓语)！‎ ‎3. What +形容词 +不可数名词+ (主语+谓语)！‎ ‎4.How +形容词/副词+ (主语+谓语)！‎ ‎5. How + 形容词+ a/an + 单数可数名词 +(主语+谓语)！‎ ‎6.How + 句子（陈述语序）！ How time flies! 光阴似箭！ How I miss you! 我多么想你呀！‎ 感叹句做题步骤:找谓语→定主语→判断划线前单词的词性→确定感叹词(what/how)‎ ‎(1) fine weather it is today!‎ A.What a B.How C.How a D.What ‎(2)--- colorful flowers they are!‎ ‎ ---Yes.They were planted to make our city more beautiful.‎ A.What a B.How C.How a D.What ‎(3) amazing NBA game it was!It attracted many audiences.‎ A.What a B.How C.What D.What an ‎(4)--- brave Zhang Hua is! ---Yes.He helped his neighbour,Mrs. Sun,out of the fire.‎ A.What a B.How C.How a D.What ‎(5)--- day it is! ---Let’s go out and enjoy the sunshine!‎ A.What a lovely B.How windy C.How wet D.What a rainy 五、祈使句 祈使句用来表示命令、请求、建议、劝告等语气,通常无主语,please也可以省略。‎ ‎1.祈使句的类型 a.肯定式祈使句(动词原形+其他成分) Come in, please.‎ b.否定式祈使句(Don’t + 动词原形+其他成分) Don’t smoke in the hospital.‎ c.以let开头的祈使句 Let’s+动词原形+其他成分。Let’s go to school.‎ Let’s not +动词原形+其他成分。Let’s not go to the movies.‎ d.No+名词/动名词。No parking! No photos!‎ ‎2.祈使句的回答 ‎---Please listen to me carefully. ---Yes,I will. ‎ ‎---Don’t open the window. ---Sorry,I won’t.‎ ‎3.祈使句，and/or+陈述句。(此句型中陈述句要用一般将来时)‎ Work harder,and you’ll get good grades.‎ Hurry up,or you won’t catch up with the early bus.‎ ‎( )1.---Jane Zhang is going to hold a concert here in July. ‎ ‎---Really? exciting news!( 2015长沙) ‎ A.How B.What an C.What ‎( )2.Guan Dong saved an old lady out of the Yangtze River. great courage he showed! (2015苏州) ‎ A. What a B. What C. How a D. How ‎( )3.---Listen! Someone is playing the piano.‎ ‎---Wow! beautiful music! I like it very much. （2015安顺）‎ A.What B.How a C.What a D.How ‎( )4.Franklin told them all to be in Britain again. （2015杭州）‎ A.how happy was he B.how happy he was C.how was he happy D.how he happy was ‎( )5.---_____ nice day today! ---Yeah, let’s take a walk outside. （2015娄底）‎ A.What a B.What C.How ‎( )6.---The passenger ship Eastern Star capsized(倾覆) in the Yangtze River on the evening of June 1st.‎ ‎--- bad news! Can we do something to help with the rescue(救援)? （2015襄阳）‎ A.What a B.What C.How a D.How ‎( )7.--- is your father? Does he still work as an engineer?‎ ‎---Yes, he has been an engineer for thirty years.（2015安徽）‎ A.Who B.How C.What D.Which ‎( )8.--- does your father go to the fitness center? ---He exercises there twice a week.(2015福州) ‎ A.How soon B.How often C.How long ‎( )9.--- will the invitations be sent to our guests? ---In three days. （2015广州）‎ A.How often B.How soon C.How long D.How far ‎( )10.--- is it from the New Town to the old city centre? ---Less than 30 minutes by underground. (2015无锡) ‎ A.How soon B.How often C.How long D.How far ‎( )11. is it from your home to school? （‎2015克拉玛依）‎ A.How far B.How long C.How soon D.How often ‎( )12.--- do I need to feed the pet dog? ---Twice a day. （2015泰安）‎ A.How long B.How much C.How soon D.How often ‎( )13.Listen up, everybody! Show me your licence. Don’t ask . Just do it!（2015无锡）‎ A.what B.when C.how D.why ‎( )14.---Could you please tell me you will go to HongKong on business? ‎ ‎---Sure. I prefer to take a plane.( 2015泰安) ‎ A.whether B.why C.when D.How ‎( )15.---Wow! beautiful the music is! ---Yes. That’s my favorite. （2015济宁）‎ A.What B.What a C.What an D.How ‎( )16.--- does Bob usually go to work? ---He usually rides his bike. （2015武威）‎ A.What B.Who C.Where D.How ‎( )17.---Could you tell me it is from the nearest shop to our school? ‎ ‎---About five minutes’ walk.( 2015自贡) ‎ A.how long B.how far C.How many ‎( )18.---You come to school early every day. is it from your home to school?‎ ‎---It’s only about one kilometer. （2015襄阳）‎ A.How long B.How much C.How many D.How far ‎( )19.--- can you finish your homework? ---In about one and a half hours.(2015益阳) ‎ A.How fast B.How soon C.How often ‎( )20.--- did you work out the problem in such a short time? ---With Mr. Li’s help.(2015重庆A/C卷) ‎ A.When B.Where C.How D.Which ‎( )21.---Excuse me, madam. Could you please tell me the bus arrives? ---Sure. At 9:00.‎ A.where B.when C.why D.how ‎( )22.We have to finish the work now, ?（2015呼和浩特）‎ A.don’t we B.haven’t we C.have we D.do we ‎( )23.---Don’t be late for school next time, ? ---No, I won’t. （2015安顺）‎ A.are you B.will you C.do you D.did you ‎( )24.Nancy, seep the classroom, ?‎ A.don’t you B.do you C.will you D.doesn’t she ‎( )25.---It’s Father’s Day today, ? ---Yes, let’s buy a gift for Dad. （2015益阳）‎ A.isn’t he B.doesn’t it C.isn’t it ‎( )26.He hardly goes to school by car, he?( 2014铜仁) ‎ ‎        A. does          B . doesn’t         C. is          D. isn’t ‎( )27.--- will the fog and haze last? ---I’ve no idea. There is no sign of an end. (2014连云港) ‎ A. How soon  B. How far    C. How long   D. How often ‎( )28.--- does your cousin usually go to work on foot?‎ ‎              ---He says it’s good for his health. (2014重庆市A) ‎ A. Where        B. When        C. Why         D. How ‎( )29.--- have you been in Chongqing?  ---For five hears. (2014重庆市B) ‎ A. How many    B. How soon    C. How much    D. How long ‎( )30.--- are you always staying up so late these days?‎ ‎ ---To prepare for my final exam.(2014济宁) ‎ A. How        B. Why          C. When        D. Where ‎ ‎( )31.--- do you like Huo Zun’s “Roll of Bead Curtain(卷珠帘)”?‎ ‎---Very much.You know I love songs that both have great lyrics and beautiful music. (2014东营) ‎ ‎         A. Why       B. How      C. When      D. What ‎( )32.--- do you go to the sports club? ---At least once a week. (2014苏州) ‎ A. How long       B. How often       C. How much    D. How far ‎( )33.--- people are there in your family? ---Three. (2014北京) ‎ ‎        A. How often      B. How long       C. How many    D. How much ‎( )34.--- are you going to the School Uniform Exhibition, Amy?‎ ‎            ---To learn about different styles of school uniform. (2014南京) ‎ ‎         A. What         B. Where         C. Why           D. Which ‎( )35.---We can invite our teachers to the farewell party next Saturday.‎ ‎             ---Yes, ? I’ll call them at once. (2014南京)  ‎ ‎         A. what for       B. what        C. why not        D. why ‎( )36.--- ? ---He is of medium build and has straight hair. (2014昆明)  ‎ A. What does his uncle do         B. What does his uncle look like C. What can his uncle do          D. What is his uncle doing   ‎ ‎( )37.---Have you ever seen the TV show Where Are We Going, DAD?‎ ‎             --- . I think it’s quite moving and funny. (2014昆明) ‎ A. Yes, I have    B. No, I haven’t    C. Yes, he has    D. No, she hasn’t ‎( )38.Thanks to the 2014 Winter Olympics, Sochi is well-known, ? (2014昆明)  ‎ A. isn’t it         B. was it          C. is it          D. wasn’t it ‎( )39.---Judy’s never been late for school, she?‎ ‎             --- . She is always the first to get to school every morning. (2014达州) ‎ A. is; Yes       B. has; No         C. isn’t; Yes      D. hasn’t; No ‎( )40.--- will the breakfast be ready? It’s late for work. ---In a minute. (2014甘肃白银) ‎ ‎         A. How soon     B. How often     C. How long     D. How much ‎( )41.--- will the dinner be ready?    ---Just a minute. (2014宁波) ‎ ‎         A. How much      B. How long      C. How soon      D. How often ‎( )42.---Excuse me, Sir. is it from here to the nearest shopping mall?‎ ‎             ---Well, only about five minutes’ walk. (2014湖州)  ‎ ‎          A. How often     B. How long      C. How far       D. How soon ‎( )43.--- does your cousin usually go to work on foot? ‎ ‎---He says it’s good for his health. (2014重庆C) ‎ ‎          A. Where           B. When          C. Why            D. How ‎( )44.--- do you like the film , American Captain 3? ‎ ‎---It’s wonderful! I like it very much.( 2014丽水)  ‎ ‎         A. How         B. Who         C. What          D. When ‎( )45.--- will your father come back from Beijing? ---In two days. (2014泰安) ‎ ‎         A. How often    B. How long     C. How far        D. How soon ‎( )46.--- are you going to buy for your father for Father’s Day? ---A T-shirt. (2014德州) ‎ ‎         A. What         B. When         C. Where        D. How ‎( )47.---Look at the flowers I gave you last month. They are dying! do you water them?              ---Sorry, I  forgot to water them. (2014菏泽)  ‎ ‎         A. How long     B. How often     C. How soon      D. How much ‎( )48.--- do you go to Weifang Theatre? ---Once a month.(2014潍坊)             ‎ A. How soon     B. How often     C. How much     D. How long ‎( )49. wake up your sister, Ben. She needs a good sleep. (2014重庆市A) ‎ A. Don’t       B. Doesn’t        C. Aren’t         D. Can’t ‎( )50.---Sorry I’m  late.  --- tell me the bus broke down again! (2014广州) ‎ ‎          A. Never to    B. Not   C. Don’t       D. No ‎( )51.--- sweet music! Do you like it?  ---Mm, it beautiful! (2014铜仁) ‎ A. How; listens   B. How a; sounds    C. What a; listens    D. What; sounds ‎( )52.---The six students from Lianyungang got the first prize in the Chinese Characters ‎ Dictation Com¬petition in Jiangsu.‎ ‎--- exciting news it is! (2014连云港) ‎ A. What   B. How     C. What an   D. How an ‎( )53. delicious these beef noodles are! (2014年临沂) ‎ A. What         B. How         C. What a    D. How a ‎( )54.Look! happily the chil dren are playing over there! (2014甘肃白银) ‎ ‎         A. How         B. What         C. What a         D. How a ‎( )55. honest man he is! (2014年烟台)  ‎ ‎         A. What         B. W hat an        C. How         D. How an ‎ ‎( )56.--- interesting the film is!  ---Yes. I have seen it twice. (2014滨州)  ‎ ‎         A. What         B. How         C. What an       D. How an ‎( )57. weather it is! We can go boating on the Dongchang‎ ‎Lake. (2014聊城) ‎ ‎         A. How bad      B. How good    C. What good     D. What bad ‎( )58.--- fantastic documentary it is!‎ ‎---Do you mean the hot film “Diaoyu‎ ‎Island----The Truth”? (2014东营) ‎ ‎         A. How        B. How a          C. What        D. What a ‎( )59. role she played in the movie! That’s why she has a lot of fans. (2014苏州) ‎ A.How interesting     B.How an interesting C.What interesting    D.What an interesting ‎( )60.Look! Laura is getting the first place. fast runner she is! (2014陕西) ‎ ‎         A. How          B. What         C. How  a         D. What a ‎ ‎( )61.--- brave Zhang Hua is! ‎ ‎---Yes. He helped his neighbour, Mrs. Sun out of the fire.(2014南京) ‎ ‎         A. What a          B. How        C. How a        D. What ‎( )62.---A number of people killed by the terrorists at the Urumqi train station.‎ ‎             --- terrible it is! (2014鄂州)  ‎ ‎         A. were; How  B. was; How      C. were; What    D. was; What ‎( )63.--- sweet music! ‎ ‎             ---And I really like the Voice of China TV programs. (2014湖北咸宁)  ‎ ‎         A. What         B. What a       C. How      D. How a ‎( )64. nervous the girl was! She could not fall asleep all night. (2014长沙) ‎ ‎          A. What     B. What a    C. How ‎( )65. up your sister,please.It’s time for her to go to school.‎ ‎         A.Wake       B.Waking    C.To wake     D.Waked ‎( )66. late.It’s your first day to go to the new school.‎ ‎         A.Not      B.Don’t be C.Don’t     D.No ‎( )67.Tree-planting Day is coming. grow some trees over there.‎ ‎         A.Would you like to     B.Why don’t you   C.How about  D.Let’s ‎( )68.He is not honest. Believe him.‎ ‎         A.Not      B.Don’t  C.To not   D.Not to ‎( )69.Please me some money,will you?‎ ‎         A.lend     B.lending C.to lend   D.be lend ‎( )70. a week do you use your computer? ---Twice.‎ ‎         A.How often    B.How soon C.How many times  D.How long ‎( )71.---Linda,do you know it is from the library to the bookstore? ---About ten minutes’ walk.‎ ‎         A.How often    B.How many C.How far  D.How long