2020中考英语试题解析汇编专题01 单项选择(冠词、名词、介词及数词)

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2020中考英语试题解析汇编专题01 单项选择(冠词、名词、介词及数词)

专题01 单项选择(冠词、名词、介词及数词)‎ ‎1.【2018年四川省宜宾】Every morning he spends hour doing exercise, then he goes to work.‎ A. an; B. a; a C. a; ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】句意:每天早晨他花一个小时做运动,然后去上班。不定冠词a/an一个,通常表示泛指,a用于辅音因素开头的单词前,an用于元音因素开头的单词前;go to work去上班;故选A 点睛:不定冠词的用法1.用于可数名词的单数形式前,指人或事物的某一类。2.指某人或某物,但不具体说明。3.表示“一”这个量词。4.用于某些固定词组中,例如:a few。定冠词的用法 1.特指某人或某物。2.指双方都知道的人或物。3.指上文提到过的人或物。4.用于世界上独一无二的事物前,例如:the moon。5.用于序数词和最高级前。‎ ‎2. 【2018年甘肃省白银】The man is driving at 40 kilometres_________ hour.‎ A. a B. an C. the D. /‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意:这个人以每小时40公里的速度开车。本题考查冠词的用法。空格后面的hour发音为[ˈaʊə(r)],是以元音音素开头的单词,所以冠词应用an,故答案选B。‎ 点睛:本题考查冠词的用法。a/an表示泛指某人或某物,a用于辅音音素开头的词前面;an用于元音音素开头的词前面。the表示特指某个(些)人或者物。本题中的hour音标为[ˈaʊə(r)],是以元音音素开头的单词,所以冠词应用an,故答案选B。‎ ‎3. 【2018年甘肃省白银】 In every ________ there has to be some give-and-take.‎ 17‎ A. friendship B. instrument C. attention D. blackboard ‎【答案】A ‎4. 【2018年甘肃省白银】The earth goes_________ the sun.‎ A. around B. through C. between D. across ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】句意:地球绕着太阳转。A. around围绕、环绕;B. through穿过,表示从事物内部穿过;C. between在…两者之间;D. across横穿,表示从事物外部一边到另一边。根据句意 “地球绕着太阳转。”可知是around符合题意,故答案选A。‎ ‎5.【2018年甘肃省白银】The number “23,456”can be read as “________”.‎ A. twenty-three thousand, four hundred and fifty-six B. twenty-three thousand and four hundred fifty-six C. two three thousand and four five six D. two three thousand, four and five six ‎【答案】A 点睛:在英语中,数字的读法是:从数字的右端向左端数起,每三位数加一个逗号,第一个逗号前面的数字后添加 thousand,第二个逗号前面的数字后添加 million,第三个逗号前面的数字后添加 billion,以此类推,两个逗号之间最大的数为百位数形式。另外,百位和十位之间用and连接,十位和个位之间用连字符“-”连接,而且具体数字和数量单位名词连用时数量单位名词不可使用复数。所以本题23456,应读作twenty-three thousand, four hundred and fifty-six,故答案选A。‎ ‎6.【2018年湖北省黄冈市中考】-- I'm thirsty, Mom. I'd like something to drink.‎ ‎-- We only have some _______ in the fridge.‎ A. oranges B. ice-cream 17‎ C. juice D. cheese ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】句意:——汤姆,我渴了。我想要些喝的东西。——我们在冰箱里只有一些果汁。oranges桔子;ice-cream冰淇淋;juice果汁;cheese奶酪。根据I'd like something to drink可知此处表示要些喝的东西,故用juice“果汁”。故选C。‎ ‎7.【2018年湖北省黄冈市中考】-- Dad, about ________ of our classmates wear glasses.‎ ‎-- Oh, that's terrible. You all should take good care of your eyes.‎ A. three fourth B. third fourth C. third fourths D. three quarters ‎【答案】D ‎8. 【2018年湖北省宜昌中考】 ----The best ______ to come to Yichang is spring.‎ ‎----I think so. The green water and green mountains are unforgettable A. environment B. journey C. temperature D. season ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】句意:——春天来宜昌是最好的季节。——我想是这样。绿色的水和绿色的山令人难忘。考查名词辨析题。根据The green water and green mountains,可知是春季的景色,故选D。‎ ‎9. 【2018年湖北省宜昌中考】-----The population of the poor is getting smaller and smaller.‎ ‎------________ the government, their living conditions have improved.‎ A. As for B. Thanks to C. As a result of D. Thanks for ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意:——穷人的数量越来越少。——多亏了政府,他们的生活条件改善了。考查固定短语辨析。A. As for至于B. Thanks to幸亏;C. As a result of由于…的结果;D. Thanks for为而感谢。their living conditions他们的生活条件,是指对方提到的the 17‎ ‎ poor穷人的;根据句意语境,可知ACD三个选项意思都与句意不符,故选B。‎ ‎10. 【2018年湖南省郴州市中考】---My daughter seldom has breakfast.‎ ‎---It’s ________unhealthy habit. Breakfast is very important to health.‎ A. a B. an C. the ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意:——我女儿很少吃早饭。——那是一个不健康的习惯,早饭对健康非常重要。根据不定冠词a/an一个,表示泛指,a用于辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于元音音素开头的单词前;定冠词the1这个,那个,通常用于特指;故选B 点睛:不定冠词的用法1.用于可数名词的单数形式前,指人或事物的某一类。2.指某人或某物,但不具体说明。3.表示“一”这个量词。4.用于某些固定词组中,例如:a few。定冠词的用法 1.特指某人或某物。2.指双方都知道的人或物。3.指上文提到过的人或物。4.用于世界上独一无二的事物前,例如:the moon。5.用于序数词和最高级前。 ‎ ‎11.【2018年甘肃兰州】Don't tell a lie. You are __________ honest boy.‎ A. a B. an C. the D. /‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎12.【2018年甘肃兰州】 If the temperature is below 0oC, water will turn into __________ in the open air.‎ A. ice B. steam C. fog D. rain ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】句意:如果温度低于0摄氏度,水会在户外变成冰。A. ice冰;B. steam蒸汽;C. fog雾;D. rain雨。根据物理知识,在一个大气压下,水的熔点是0℃,低于0摄氏度,水会变成冰,故答案为A。‎ ‎13.【2018年湖北省咸宁】— President Xi Jinping paid important visit to the US in 2017.‎ ‎— And he was warmly welcomed by Donald Trump, 45th American president.‎ 17‎ A. a; the B. an; the C. the; a D. an; a ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】句意:——2017年,习近平主席对美国进行了一次重要访问。——他受到了美国第45任总统唐纳德.特朗普的热烈欢迎。考查冠词。根据句意:2017年,习近平主席对美国进行了一次重要访问。他受到了美国第45任总统唐纳德.特朗普的热烈欢迎。可知,第一个空,泛指一次重要的访问,important所以元音音素[ɪ]开头的单词,所以用an来形式;第二个空,序数词前面通常用定冠词the;故答案选B。‎ ‎14.【2018年湖北省咸宁】— Nowadays China has about 25,000 kilometers of high-speed railways.‎ ‎— That's of the world's total.‎ A. two third B. two-third C. two thirds D. two three ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】句意:——现在中国有大约25000公里的高速铁路。——这是世界总量的三分之二。一般情况下,表示分数时,分子要用基数词,分母要用序数词,如果分子大于1,表示分母的序数词要用复数形式,如:two thirds 三分之二。故答案为C。‎ ‎15.【2018年湖北省咸宁】— Could you give me a few on how to spend the coming summer holiday?‎ ‎— OK, let me see.‎ A. hobbies B. suggestions C. knowledge D. information ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎16.【2018年山东东营】According to _______ rule made in 2017, some kinds of dogs mustn’t be kept since May 1st, 2018 in Dongying.‎ A. a B. an C. the D. /‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 17‎ 句意:根据2017制定的那项规则,自2018年5月1日以来,在东营一些种类的狗禁止饲养。此处用定冠词the特指2017年制定的那项规章制度,故答案为C。‎ ‎17.【2018年山东东营】 -- Let’s see what food you’ve got for dinner.‎ ‎-- Look, we have mutton, fish, eggs, tomatoes and .‎ A. milk B. bread C. coffee D. juice ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】句意:——让我们看看晚餐你们都有些什么。——看,我们有羊肉、鱼、鸡蛋、西红柿和面包。A. milk牛奶;B. bread面包;C. coffee咖啡;D. juice果汁。milk,coffee,juice都是喝的东西,只有bread属于吃的食物,故答案为B。‎ ‎18.【2018年山东东营】 -- Hi, Li Mei. How is your new school?‎ ‎-- Fantastic. We can choose the courses according to our . I love operas, so I took the Beijing Opera class.‎ A. grades B. talents C. interests D. experiences ‎【答案】C ‎19.【2018年山东东营】 --An American boy made a wheelchair for his wounded goldfish. ‎ ‎--Well done! Animals deserve (应该得到) love and good as humans.‎ A. life B. chance C. luck D. environment ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 句意:------一个美国男孩为他受伤的金鱼做了轮椅。-----做得好!动物应该得到人类的爱和美好的生活。A. life生活;B. chance机会;C. luck运气;D. environment环境。结合句意可知,答案为A。‎ ‎20.【2018年广西贺州】Carol’s uncle has ______ egg and some bread for his breakfast every morning.‎ 17‎ A. a B. an C. the D. /‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】句意“卡罗尔的叔叔每天早餐吃一个鸡蛋和一些面包”。本题考查冠词辨析。A. a不定冠词,“一个”;B.不定冠词“一个”,用于元音因素前;C.the,定冠词。根据句意可知,表示“一个鸡蛋”,且egg为元音因素开头,故选B。‎ ‎【点睛】a用于以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前;an用在元音音素开头的单数可数名词前。即:不见元不加an,不看字母看发音。如an hour, a horse, an apple.‎ ‎21.【2018年广西贺州】-- It's so hot today. Would you like something to drink?‎ ‎-- Yes. I would like some ________.‎ A. rice B. dumplings.‎ C. water D. beef.‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】句意“-今天天气太热了,你想要一些喝的吗?-好的,我想要一些水”。本题考查名词辨析。A.大米;B.饺子;C.水;D.牛肉。根据drink可知,要喝的,故选C。‎ ‎22.【2018年黑龙江龙东地区】 Sun Yang is excellent player, I want to become person like him.‎ A. a; a B. an; the C. an; a ‎【答案】C 17‎ ‎23.【2018年黑龙江龙东地区】Wang Yaping and Liu Yang are our in China. We’re proud them.‎ A. woman astronauts; of B. women astronauts; of C. women astronauts; in ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】句意:王亚平和刘洋是我们中国的女航天员,我们为她们感到骄傲。本题考查名词复数及固定短语。主语是Wang Yaping and Liu Yang是复数形式,女航天员的复数形式为women astronauts;be proud of,以···为自豪。故答案选B。‎ ‎24.【2018年黑龙江龙东地区】The ice and snow in Harbin is beautiful, so every winter tourists come here.‎ A. two million of B. millions of C. million of ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】句意:哈尔滨的冰和雪非常漂亮,因此每年冬天,数百万游客来这里。英语中数词表示概数时,后面加s和介词of搭配使用。用原形时表示具体数字和数词搭配使用。结合语境知表示概数,故答案选B。 ‎ ‎25.【2018年黑龙江龙东地区】 Stephen Hawking was famous a scientist, he made a great contribution to the world, and he died March 14th, 2018.‎ A. for; on B. as; in C. as; on 17‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【点睛】at ,in ,on 表时间:‎ ‎1. at后常接几点几分,天明,中午,日出,日落,开始等 ‎2. in后常接年,月,日期,上午,下午,晚上,白天,季节,世纪等。 ‎ ‎3. on后常接某日,星期几,某日或某周日的朝夕,节日等。‎ ‎26.【2018年黑龙江龙东地区】Please read the before you take the medicine.‎ A. introduction B. explanation C. instruction ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】句意:吃药之前请阅读说明书。本题考查名词词义辨析。A. introduction介绍,名词;B. explanation解释,名词;C. instruction说明,名词。根据句意,故选C。‎ ‎27.【2018年湖北省黄石市】 In fact, pandas have become so popular that they are now a ______of China.‎ A. subject B. symbol C. sign D. spirit ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】句意:事实上,熊猫已经变得非常受欢迎,它们现在是中国的象征。考查名词辨析题。subject科目;symbol象征,用于代表某样东西或概念;sign标志,用于标记用途;spirit精神。根据句意语境,可知symbol符合句意,故选B。‎ ‎28.【2018年湖北省荆州】 —Kids often feel better in a happy family.‎ ‎—That’s true. A happy family provides a loving ______ for its children.‎ A. expression B. environment C. encouragement D. development ‎【答案】B 17‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎29.【2018年湖北省孝感】 It’s not necessary to find a friend who is the same you.‎ A. in B. as C. to D. from ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】句意:没有必要找一个和你一样的朋友。A. in介词,在…里面;B. as连词或介词,像…一样、作为;C. to介词,到;D. from介词,从。根据固定词组the same as像…一样,可知此处选择as。故选:B。‎ ‎30【2018年湖北省孝感】The CCTV program The Readers interests people of all ages.‎ A. thousand B. thousands C. thousand of D. thousands of ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ ‎31.【2018年湖北省孝感】--- Which should we start with, Water World or Space World?‎ ‎--- Either is OK, it makes no to me.‎ A. mistake B. promise C. difference 17‎ D. decision ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】句意:-我们应该从水世界还是太空世界开始? -都行,对我来说无所谓。A. mistake名词,错误;B. promise名词,允诺;C. difference名词,不同;D. decision名词,决心。根据句意可知,“哪个都可以”,也就是“对我没有什么不同”。故选:C。‎ ‎32..【2018年江苏省苏州】 Scared by the loud noise, the rabbits ran off all directions.‎ A. on B. at C. in D. by ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】句意:被这个大的噪音吓到了,这些兔子们向四面八方跑了。on在…上面;at在具体时刻或地点;in在…里面;by通过…方式。这里考查了一个固定的短语in all directions,意思是“四面八方”,故应选C。‎ ‎33.【2018年江苏省苏州】 The boy has been missing for five days and his parents are worried about his______.‎ A. attention B. safety C. action D. growth ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】句意:这个男孩失踪五天了,他的父母非常担心他的安全。attention注意力;safety安全;action行动,行为;growth生长。根据句意The boy has been missing for five days可知,这个男孩失踪五天了,所以他的父母是担心他的安全,故应选B。‎ ‎34.【2018年内蒙古通辽市】Tim is ________ eleven-year-old boy. He likes playing ________ basketball.‎ A. /; a B. an;/ C. an; the D. a; an ‎【答案】B 17‎ ‎35.【2018年内蒙古通辽市】This is ___ family photo, I took it on her mother’s ______ birthday.‎ A. Mary; forty B. Mary’s; fortieth C. Mary; fortieth D. Mary’s; forties ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】句意:这是Mary的家庭照片,我在她妈妈四十岁生日的时候拍摄的。Mary是一个女孩的名字,玛丽;Mary’s是名词所有格形式,“Mary的…”;forty四十,基数词;fortieth第四十,序数词;forties是复数形式。第一个空后有名词family photo,故应填名词所有格,作定语修饰这个名词;第二个空表示的是“…岁生日”,应用序数词,故选B。‎ ‎36.【2018年内蒙古通辽市】 In China, there are more _____ in primary schools than in high schools.‎ A. woman teacher B. women teachers C. women teacher D. woman teachers ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】句意:在中国,小学里女老师比中学里更多。woman teacher女老师,单数形式;women teachers女老师,复数形式;women teacher和woman teachers两种形式多是错误的。在这个短语中woman作定语,修饰名词teacher,在变复数的时候,woman和teacher都应变为复数形式,根据句中的there are…可知,这里应填复数形式,故选B。‎ ‎37.【2018年青海省西宁】-- Do you like the movie Amazing China? It's ________ educational movie.‎ ‎-- Yes. I like it very much and I am very proud ______ our country.‎ A. a; in B. the; in 17‎ C. a: of D. an; of ‎【答案】D ‎38.-- Thanks ________ our government, we can play sports on the new playground next week.‎ ‎-- That's for sure! And we'll have a sports meeting _________ one month.‎ A. for; in B. to; in C. for; after D. to; after ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 句意:——多亏了我们的政府,下周我们就能在新操场上做运动了。——那是当然,一个月后我们要举行一场运动会。根据thanks for因---而感谢;thanks to幸亏,由于;in+时间段, 表示多久以后,通常用于将来时态,after+时间段,通常用于过去时态;故选B ‎39.【2018年山东省菏泽】Red is color loved by most Chinese people because it is symbol of good luck and joy.‎ A. the; the B. the; a C. /; a ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】句意:红色是大多数中国人喜爱的颜色,因为它是好运和欢乐的象征。考查冠词辨析题。color有后置定语loved by most Chinese people限制,是特指,需用定冠词the修饰;symbol有good luck and joy限制,也是特指,需用定冠词the。根据句意语境,可知选A。‎ 17‎ ‎【点睛】冠词分为两类:不定冠词a/an和定冠词the。a表泛指,一个,用于辅音因素开头的单数可数名词前;an表泛指,一个,用于元音因素开头的单数可数名词前。the定冠词,特指,用在独一无二名词前,像地球,月亮,太阳等。‎ ‎40.【2018年山东省菏泽】 Tibet receives foreign visitors from January to April each year.‎ A. thousand of B. thousands of C. several thousands ‎【答案】B ‎41.【2018年山东省菏泽】Now more and more schools care for the full of the students’ talents.‎ A. development B. agreement C. preparation ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】句意:现在越来越多的学校关心学生才能的全面发展。考查名词辨析题。A. development发展;B. agreement协议;C. preparation准备。the students’talents学生的才能;本句是双重所有格结构,根据句意语境,可知development符合句意,故选A。‎ ‎42.【2018年山东省临沂】The bed piano allows a music lover to play ______ piano while he is lying in bed.‎ A. a B. an C. / D. the ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】句意:句意:床上钢琴可以让音乐爱好者躺在床上弹钢琴。根据句意床上钢琴可以让音乐爱好者躺在床上弹钢琴。play+某种乐器,中间要加定冠词the,play the piano弹钢琴;故答案选D。‎ ‎43.【2018年山东省临沂】Did you read your favorite books _____ April 23? It was World Book Day.‎ A. for B. at 17‎ C. on D. in ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】句意:4月23日你读过你最喜欢的书吗?那天是世界读书日。考查介词的用法。in泛指一般意义的上午、下午或晚上以及月或年等较长的时间;on表示星期几或某一特定的日期;at表示时间的某一点、某一时刻或年龄等;for用于表示一段时间。April 23四月二十三日,具体到某月某日需用介词on,故选C。‎ ‎44.【2018年四川省凉山州】 boy in a black hat is my brother. He often plays chess with my friends.‎ A. A; the B. The; / C. The; a D. A; /‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【点睛】本题考查冠词。第一个空后面的名词boy被介词短语in a black hat限定,所以应在其前面加定冠词the,特指戴黑色帽子的男孩;第二个空,动词play后接表示球类的名词时,不用冠词,如 play basketball,play football;故答案选B。‎ ‎45.【2018年四川省凉山州】Our classes are over noon and then we go to have a rest 1:00 in the afternoon.‎ A. at; at B. in; in C. in; at D. at; in ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】句意:我们的课在中午结束,然后我们在下午一点去休息。考查介词。根据句意:我们的课在中午结束,然后我们在下午一点去休息。可知,第一个空,at noon在中午,是固定搭配;第二个空,在具体时刻的前面要用介词at;故答案选A。‎ ‎【点睛】本题考查时间介词。表示“某一具体时刻(即几点几分时)”用介词at;表示“在具体的某一天”或“(在具体的某一天的)早上、中午、晚上”等用介词on;in后跟年份、月份和季节,也有固定短语in the morning,in the afternoon;in the evening,也可表示“…后”,表将来;本题第一个空at noon在中午,是固定搭配,第二个空后面是具体时刻,所以用介词at;故答案选A。 ‎ 17‎ ‎46.【2018年四川省凉山州】 ---The picture of the Snowflake Boy has become very popular recently. ‎ ‎---Yeah, it receives Internet hits a day.‎ A. thousands of B. thousands C. hundred D. hundreds ‎【答案】A ‎【点睛】当hundred/ thousand/million等词前有确切数字时,其后不加“s”,而且不和of连用,直接修饰名词复数形式;当hundred/ thousand/million等词前无确切数字时,其后要加“s”,而且和of连用,表示不确切的数目;根据Yeah, it receives Internet hits a day.可知,本题空格前面无确切数字,所以其后要加“s”,而且与of连用,结合选项,故答案选A。‎ ‎47.【2018年四川省凉山州】Many foreigners came to our school last week, including three and four .‎ A. German, American B. Germans. American C. Germans. Americans D. German, Americans ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】句意:上周有许多外国人来我们学校,包括三个德国人和四个美国人。考查名词的数。German德国人,其复数形式是Germans;American美国人,其复数形式是Americans。根据空格前面的three和four,可知空格处要用复数名词来填空,因此可知本句的句意为:上周有许多外国人来我们学校,包括三个德国人和四个美国人。故答案选C。‎ ‎48.【2018年云南省昆明】 —Tony, don’t eat _______ class.‎ ‎—Sorry, I won’t do it again.‎ A. in B. on C. to D. by ‎【答案】A 17‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】句意:-托尼,不要在上课的时候吃东西。-对不起,我不会再这样做了。没有on class 的说法,in class意为“在上课的时候,在课堂上”,介词to(去)和by(通过)在这里不能使用,前句是祈使句,是说不要“在上课中”吃东西,用in class短语表示,故选A。‎ 17‎
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