中考英语专项情态动词讲解及习题练习

中考英语专项情态动词讲解及习题练习

初中英语情态动词用法详解 ‎【情态动词知识梳理】‎ 情态动词有具体的词义，但也同助动词一样，需要与其他词语一起构成句子的谓语，另外情态动词没有人称和数的变化，情态动词后必须跟动词原形。‎ 考点一：can，may，must等情态动词在陈述句中的用法：‎ ‎1. can的用法：‎ ‎（1）.表示能力、许可、可能性。表示能力时一般译为“能、会”，即有种能力，尤其是生来具备的能力，此时may和must均不可代替它。如：She can swim fast, but I can’t . ‎ ‎（2）.表示许可，常在口语中。如：You can use my dictionary. ‎ ‎（3）.表示推测，意为“可能”，常用于否定句和疑问句中，此时can’t译为“不可能”。如：Can the news be true?—No, it can’t be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall.‎ ‎2. could的用法：‎ ‎（1）.can的过去式，意为“能、会”，表示过去的能力。如：He could write poems when he was 10. ‎ ‎（2）. could在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时could没有过去式的意思。如:Could you do me a favour?—Could I use your pen?—Yes, you can.（注意回答）‎ ‎3. may的用法：‎ ‎（1）.表示请求、许可，比can正式，如：May I borrow your bike? You may go home now.‎ ‎ (2) .表示推测，谈论可能性，意为“可能，或许”，一般用于肯定句中。如：It may rain tomorrow . She may be at home.‎ ‎ (3) .may的过去式为might，表示推测时。可能性低于may。如：He is away from school. He might be sick.‎ ‎ (4) . 表示希望、祈求、祝愿，常可译为“祝愿”。通常是用may +主+V例如：May you have a good time. May you be happy! May you succeed！‎ ‎4. must的用法：‎ ‎(1).must表示主观看法，意为“必须、一定”。如：You must stay here until I come back. Must I hand in my homework right now?‎ ‎ (2)其否定形式mustn’t表示“一定不要” “千万别” “禁止,不许”.如：You mustn’t play with fire. You mustn’t be late.‎ ‎（3）对must引导的疑问句，肯定回答为must，否定回答为needn’t 或don’t have to .如：—Must I finish my homework?—No, you needn’t.‎ ‎ (4)must表示有把握的推测，用于肯定句。如: The light is on, so he must be at home now.‎ 注意其反意问句的构成形式：‎ ‎　当must表示肯定的判断、推测时，其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。如：She must have seen the film before，hasn’tshe?(注意反意疑问句的后半部分)You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday，didn’t you? (注意反意疑问句的后半部分)‎ ‎5. need的用法：‎ ‎（1）.need表示需要、必须，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，其否定形式为needn’t，意为“没有必要，不必”。用need提问时，肯定回答为must，否定回答为needn’t或don’t have to。如：—Need I stay here any longer?—Yes, you must .—No. you needn’t /don’t have to.‎ ‎(2).need还可以作实义动词，此时有人称、数和时态的变化，如果是人作主语后边多接动词不定式。如：I need to do it right now. ‎ 如果是物作主语，一般用need doing与need to be done这种情况下应注意两点：‎ ‎①.主动形式的动名词doing具有被动的含义；②.该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意义不变。例如：. The door needs painting. = The door needs to be painted. ‎ ‎ 6. dare的用法：dare意为“敢、敢于”,用法近似于need，有两种词性：‎ ‎（1）dare作为情态动词，多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中，无第三人称单数形式，只有一般现在时和一般过去时。如：Dare he tell them what he knows? I daren’t ask her – will you do it for me?‎ ‎（2）dare作为实义动词，此时有人称、数及时态的变化。如：He doesn’t dare to break his promise.　　注意：口语中，dare的各种形式常与不带to的不定式连用。如：Do you dare tell her what I said?‎ ‎7. shall的用法：‎ shall表示征求对方意见（多用于第一、三人称），如：Shall we go out for a walk?‎ ‎8. should的用法：‎ ‎（1）.should意为“应该”，可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。如：We should protect the environment.‎ ‎（2）Should have done表示对过去动作的责备、批评。如：You should have finished your homework.‎ ‎9. will的用法：‎ will表示意愿、意志、打算，可用于多种人称。如：I will help you if I’m free this afternoon.‎ ‎10. had better的用法：‎ ‎　　had better意为“最好”，没有人称的变化，后面接不带to的不定式，其否定形式为：had better not。如：We had better go now.‎ 考点二：含有情态动词的疑问句的回答:‎ ‎1.对may引出的问句，可以有下列回答方式：Yes,you may. Yes, of course.　Yes, certainly.　Sure .　No, you mustn’t. No, you can’t.‎ ‎2.对must引出的疑问句，回答方式为：Yes, …must. No,… needn’t/ don’t have to.‎ ‎3.could在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时could没有过去式的意思。如:Could you do me a favour?—Could I use your pen?—Yes, you can.（注意回答）‎ ‎4. shall引出的疑问句用于第一人称，表示征求对方意见或客气的请求。其回答方式有以下几种：Yes, please.　All right.　No, thank you.‎ ‎5.would you…的回答方式有以下几种：Yes, I will. (No, I won’t.)　Sure . (I’m sorry , I can’t.)　All right/ OK/ With pleasure.　Certainly. (No, thank you .)　Yes, please.‎ 考点三:不同情态动词的否定意义也不同：‎ ‎1.（1）.can’t可译为“不会”，如：I can’t play basketball.‎ ‎（2）当句子表推测时，用can’t表达不可能，如：He can’t be ill. He is playing chess with Tom.‎ ‎（3）can’t还可用来回答“ May I …? ”这样的问句。如：May I come in ? No, you mustn’t. / can’t.‎ ‎（4）can’t还可用于固定习语中。can’t help doing禁不住，情不自禁can’t wait to do something迫不及待地要做…‎ ‎2. may的否定式为may not，译成“可能不”，如：He may not be at home.‎ ‎3.（1）mustn’t表示不许，不可。如：He mustn’t leave his room.‎ ‎　(2) mustn’t也可用于以may表示要求时的否定回答中。如：—May I stand here?—No, you mustn’t (can’t).‎ ‎4.（1）needn’t意为“不必”。如：You needn’t meet him unless you’d like to.‎ ‎（2）needn’t + have+动词的过去分词，表不需要完成但已完成的动作，暗含时间或精力上的浪费。如：　You needn’t have bought it.你没必要买它（但你却买了）。‎ ‎5. shouldn’t表示不应该。如：You shouldn’t feel so unhappy over such little things.‎ 考点四:情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为：情态动词+ be + done (动词的过去分词)。做题时要兼顾情态动词和被动语态这两个方面。‎ 考点五:情态动词表示推测的用法:‎ 一、“情态动词+动词原形”表示对现在的推测。‎ ‎1、can表示推测时一般用于否定句或疑问句。如：That man can＇t be her husbandshe is still single.‎ ‎2、must表示肯定的推测，一般用于肯定句中。如：He must be in his office now.‎ ‎3、might表示推测时不一定是may的过去时，只是表示其可能性较小。如：The man may be the headmaster.‎ ‎4、Could表示推测时，语气can比要弱，说话者留有余地。如：—Could it be an animal?—It could not be，because it is not moving.‎ ‎5、Should表示推测的可能性比较大，仅比must的可能性小一点。如：It is already 10 o’clock now they should be there.‎ 二、情态动词表示对过去可能发生的动作或存在过的动作的推测性用法。‎ ‎1、“must +have done/been------”表示“过去一定发生过某事或存在过某种状态”，不用于“musn’t+have-----”形式。如：She must have seen the film before，hasn’tshe?(注意反意疑问句的后半部分)‎ ‎2、“should +have done /been-------”表示“本应当做某事，而实际上并没有做”；“shouldn’t+完成式”表示“本来不应当做，而实际上却做了”。以上结构常带有说话者的责备的感情色彩。如：You should have finished your homework earlier (but in fact you did not finish it on time).‎ ‎3、“needn’t+完成式”表示“本来没有必要做某事，而实际上却做了”。如：There was plenty of time. She needn＇t have hurried .‎ ‎4、“can’t /couldn’t+have done /been-------”表示“过去不可能发生了某事或存在过某种状态”。如：‎ I saw him just now. He can’t have gone to Japan.‎ ‎5、“could+have done/been-------”表示“过去本来能够，可以做某事或成为某种状态，而实际上没有”，说话者有些遗憾。‎ ‎6、“may/might+完成式”表示“过去可能，本来可以于某事而实际上没有干”，might的可能性较小，语气较弱。如：He may have finished reading the book. ‎ ‎【情态动词易混点归纳】‎ 易混点一: can和be able to:‎ 两者表示能力时用法相同，但can只有原形“can”和过去式“could”两种形式，在其他时态中要用be able to来表示。另外be able to常常指经过努力，花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事。‎ 易混点二:can和may ‎1. can和may均可用来征求意见或许可，意为“可以”，一般可互换使用。如：Can/ May I help you ? 我能帮助你吗？　‎ ‎2. can和may表示可能性时的区别：‎ ‎1)在肯定句中用might，may，must，不用can ‎2)在疑问句中表示推测用can，不用might，may，must ‎3)在否定句中用can’t（不可能），不用may，must。如：She may be in the classroom .她可能在教室里。Where can they be now?他们现在可能在哪儿？That can’t be true.那不可能是真的。‎ 易混点三: may be和maybe ‎　　 用法区别 常用位置 may be may为情态动词，be为动词原形 句中，作谓语 maybe 副词，大概、也许，相当于perhaps 句首，作状语 例如：He may be wrong , but I’m not sure.也许他错了，但我也不确定。‎ 易混点四：can’t和mustn’t ‎1. can’t根据其基本用法可译为：‎ ‎（1）不会。如：I can’t speak English .我不会说英语。‎ ‎（2）不能。如：We can’t do it now because it’s too dark.天太黑了，我们现在干不了。‎ ‎（3）否定句中表示推测。“不可能”，如：The man can’t be our teacher because he is much younger than our teacher..。‎ ‎2. mustn’t意为“禁止、不许”，用来表达命令，表示强烈的语气。如：You mustn’t play football in the street. It’s too dangerous.‎ 易混点五：must和have to ‎1.must侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要。have to侧重于客观上的必要，可用于现在时、过去时和将来时。‎ 易混点六: used to do / be used to doing / be used to do…/ be used for doing sth used to do表示过去常常发生的动作，强调过去，只用于过去；而be used to doing意为“习惯做…”；be used to do意为“……被使用去做……,”为被动语态形式。be used for doing sth“用作……”‎ 练习题一 ‎1. --- Where is Mary? --- She ____ in the library.‎ ‎ A. should be B. must be C. can be D. must have been ‎2. His room is dark. He must ____ to bed.‎ ‎ A. go B. be going C. have gone D. have been gone ‎3. “Will your father stay home tonight?” “I’m not sure, He ____to work.”‎ ‎ A. must go B. can go C. may be gone D. may be going ‎4. “Where is Tom?” “He isn’t here I think he ____ have gone home.”‎ ‎ A. may B. must C. might D. A or B or C ‎5. “I think Helen is at home.”‎ ‎ “ No, she ____ be at home, for she phoned me from the airport just five minutes ago.”‎ ‎ A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. daren’t ‎6. He’s late. What ____ have happened to him?‎ ‎ A. can B. may C. should D, must ‎7. “ _____ he be watching TV now?” Yes, he _____ be watching TV now.” ‎ ‎ No, he _____ be watching TV now.”‎ ‎ A. Must; can; mustn’t B. Can; must; can’t C. Must; must; can’t D. Can; can; mustn’t ‎8. “____. He have left yesterday?” Yes, he ____ yesterday.” No, he ____ yesterday.”‎ ‎ A. Must; must have left; can’t have left B. Can; can have left; can’t have left ‎ ‎ C. Can; must have left; can’t have left D. May; must have left; shouldn’t have left ‎9. You must be a writer, ____ you?‎ ‎ A. mustn’t B. are C. must D. aren’t ‎10. You must have seen her yesterday, ____ you?‎ ‎ A. mustn’t B. haven’t C. didn’t D. don’t ‎11. You must have seen her, ____ you?‎ ‎ A. haven’t B. didn’t C. don’t D. A or B ‎12. There was plenty of time. She ____ worried or hurried.‎ ‎ A. mustn’t have B. shouldn’t have C. must be D. needn’t have ‎13. I got up early, but I ____ so because I had no work to do that morning.‎ ‎ A. mustn’t have done B. didn’t need to do C. needn’t have done D. can’t have done ‎14. I ____ up early this morning. So I stayed in bed till ‎9 a. m.‎ ‎ A. needn’t have got B. didn’t need to get C. shouldn’t have got D. can’t have got ‎15. The flower is dead. I ____ it more water.‎ ‎ A. will give B. would have given C. must give D. should have given ‎16. He ____ have come here yesterday, but he didn’t.‎ ‎ A. could B. should C. ought to D. A or B or C ‎17. “Must he do it?” “No, he ____.”‎ ‎ A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. doesn’t have to D. B or C ‎18. “Need you go now?” “Yes, I ____.” “No, I ____.”‎ ‎ A. need; needn’t B. must; needn’t C. may; mustn’t D. can; needn’t ‎19. “May I borrow your bike?” “No, you ____.”‎ ‎ A. mustn’t B. may not C. had better not D. can’t ‎20. “Can I do it?” “No, you ____.”or “No, please ____.”‎ ‎ A. can’t; doesn’t B. can’t; don’t C. can’t; can’t D. can’t; you don’t ‎21. I missed the last bus, so I ____ go home on foot.‎ ‎ A. must B. have to C. may D. had to ‎22. We ____ hurry if we want to arrive in time.‎ ‎ A. must B. need C. may D. have to ‎23. He ought to have won the first prize, ____ he?‎ ‎ A. oughtn’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D. oughtn’t to ‎24. He ____ get up early when he lived in the countryside.‎ ‎ A. would B. used to C. mustn’t D. can’t ‎25. My brother ____ be very naughty, and my sister ____ like reading.‎ ‎ A. used to; would B. would; used to C. used to; used to D. would; would ‎26. ____ you please pass on a message to him?‎ ‎ A. Do B. Shall C. May D. Will ‎27. ____ we set off now?‎ ‎ A. Shall B. Will C. Would D. ought ‎28. “____ he open the window?” Yes, please.”‎ ‎ A. Does B. will C. Shall D. Would ‎29. I’ve told him many times, but he ____ listen to my advice.‎ ‎ A. shall not B. won’t C. will not D. wouldn’t ‎30. “Will you lend me a hand?” “Yes, I ____.”‎ ‎ A. will B. shall C. can D. may ‎31. Everyone ____ do his best for the modernization of China.‎ ‎ A. will you B. don’t we C. shall we D. do you ‎32. Let’s clean our room, ____?‎ ‎ A. will you B. don’t we C. shall we D. do you ‎33. Let us watch TV, ____?‎ ‎ A. will you B. don’t we C. shall we D. do you ‎34. Close the door after you, ____ you?‎ ‎ A. don’t B. do C. shall D. will ‎35. Every time he meets me, he ____ to me.‎ ‎ A. smiled B. would smile C. will smile D. is smiling ‎36. “____ you like to see a film?” “Yes, I’d like ____.”‎ ‎ A will; to B. Would; to see C. Would; to D. Will; to see ‎37. He asked me for his book many times. Please tell him he ____ have it tomorrow.‎ ‎ A. must B. may C. shall D. is ‎38. - Must I finish all the exercises today?‎ ‎ -- No, you ____, but you ____finish them before Friday.‎ ‎ A. mustn’t; need B. don’t have to; must C. needn’t to; need D. shouldn’t; ought ‎39. Night has fallen. We have to go home, ____ we?‎ ‎ A. don’t B. haven’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t ‎40. The cat ____ hibernate is winter.‎ ‎ A. doesn’t need to B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t ‎41. Your composition ____ rewriting, ____ it?‎ ‎ A. need; needn’t B. needs; doesn’t C. needs; does D. need; doesn’t ‎42. Neither of them ____ the snake.‎ ‎ A. dares catch B. dares to catch C. dare catch D. dare catching ‎43. He ____ any help.‎ ‎ A. needn’t B. doesn’t need C. need D. do need ‎44. I’m afraid you must have met with many difficulties in the work, ____?‎ ‎ A. didn’t you B. aren’t you C. mustn’t you D. needn’t you ‎45. I wish to shake hands with you, ____?‎ ‎ A. will you B. shall we C. can you D. may I ‎46. Susan, you are so lazy. This job ____ hours before.‎ ‎ A. should finish B. could be finished C. must have been finished D. should have been finished ‎47. ____ if it were spring all the year round?‎ ‎ A. Shall it be nice B. Will it be nice C. Would it be nice D. Ought it to be nice ‎48. Jane: You MUST do as I tell you. Kate: Oh, I must, ____?‎ ‎ A. should B. mustn’t I C. ought I D. must I ‎49. I don’t suppose he’s finished the job, ____?‎ ‎ A. do you B. is he C. has he D. hasn’t he ‎50. He was too busy, otherwise he ____ to see you.‎ ‎ A. would go B. would be C. should have D. would have gone ‎51. --- You can swim about under the water like a fish. --- It’s easy! Babies can do it.‎ ‎ --- They can’t. You ____! ‎ ‎ A. must joke B. may joke C. must be joking D. can be joking ‎52. --- Must I finish all the exercises today?‎ ‎ --- No, you ____, but you ____ finish them before Friday.‎ ‎ A. mustn’t; need B. don’t have to; must C. needn’t to; need D. shouldn’t; ought ‎53. The boy ____ play truant.‎ ‎ A. dares B. dared not to C. dares not to D. didn’t dare to ‎54. We west to work on foot yesterday, though he ____ by bus.‎ ‎ A. must have gone B. might have gone C. would have gone D. could have gone ‎55. “Don’t you know ____ get those gold medals?”‎ ‎ A. how Tim could B. how Tim was able to C. how was Tim able to D. how could Tim 情态动词部分 ‎1-5 BCCDC 6-10 ABCDC 11-15 DDCBD 16-20 DDBDB ‎21-25 DDDDC 26-30 DACDA 31-35 CCADC 36-40 CDAAD ‎41-45 BDBAD 46-50 DCDCD 51-55 CBDDB