中考语法讲解与练习——主谓一致

中考语法讲解与练习——主谓一致

‎2018中考语法讲解与练习14——主谓一致 英语语法是英语的重要部分，在中考的选择题、语法填空、改错、造句以及作文都会涉及，本套练习从既有讲解又有练习，是复习的好资料，提分的好助手。‎ 语法讲解：‎ 一、主谓一致三原则 　　主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。 1. 语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。 　　Tom is a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。 　　They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。 　2. 意义一致：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。 　　My family are having lunch now. 　　我们一家人现在正吃午饭。 　　Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 　　这本书20美元太贵了。 　　3. 就近一致：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。例如： 　　Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football. 　　不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。 　　There is a pen and some books on the desk. 　　课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。 　　 二、 主谓一致常考题型 　　 1. 单数名词(代词)，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用复数形式。 　　The desk is Tom’s. 这张桌子是汤姆的。 　　Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。 　　The students are playing football on the playground. ‎ 这些学生正在操场上踢足球。 　 2. many a+单数名词作主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式。 　　Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。 　 3. more than one+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。 ‎ ‎　　More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。 　 4. 表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个 整体概念，谓语用单数形式。例如： Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。 Twenty pounds isn’t so heavy. 2 0英镑并不太重。 Ten miles isn’t a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很长的距离。 Five minus four is one. 5减4等于1。 ‎ ‎5. 主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。 　　Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。 　　Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。 6. one and a half+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 　 One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够了。 ‎ ‎7. 动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 　　To see is to believe 眼见为实。 　　Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. ‎ ‎ 做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。 　8. a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语，谓语动词用单数。　‎ ‎　A student or two has failed the exam. 一两个学生考试不及格。 　　‎ ‎9. 当主语部分含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like 等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词用单数形式；但“名词+as well as+名词”时，谓语动词一般应与第一个名词一致。　　‎ Mike with his father has been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。 　 Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。 　The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting.‎ ‎10. 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。‎ The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人) 　 The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人) 　11. people,police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，family,class,group,team等集体名词作 主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。 　 People here are very friendly. 这儿的人很友好。 ‎ ‎　 His family isn’t large. 他家的人不多。 　 My family all like watching TV. 我们一家人都喜欢看电视。 12. 不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, ‎ nobody, no one, nothing作主语，谓语动词用单数， Is everyone here today. 今天大家到齐了吗？ Something is wrong with him. 他有毛病。 Nobody was in. 没有人在家。 ‎ ‎13. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主语，谓语动词用单数。 Each of them has an English dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英语词典。 Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不正确。 ‎ ‎14. 以—s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news, maths, physics等，‎ ‎　 No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。 ‎ Maths is very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。 ‎ ‎15. 由both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；由or, either…or…， ‎ neither…nor…, not only…but also…, not…but…,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。‎ Either my wife or I am going.‎ Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer.‎ Not only you but also he is ready to leave.‎ 如果either, each, neither作主语，则动词为单数形式。‎ Each of us has his likes and dislikes.‎ Neither of the books is very interesting.‎ ‎16. 如果主语是由“a series of, a kind of, a portion of+等+名词”构成时，动词一般用单数形式。‎ ‎ A series of pre-recorded taps has been prepared for language laboratory use.‎ ‎ 但a variety of, a number of +名词复数，动词要用复数形式; .而the number of +复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎ On exhibition there are a great variety of consumer goods.‎ The number of the students is over eight houndred ‎17．以here，there开关的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致 ‎ There is a book and three pens on the desk. 　 Here are some books and paper for you. ‎ ‎18. the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示抽象概念时，用单数形式.‎ ‎ The poor are very happy,but the rich are sad. 　 The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。 三．肯定与否定一致 ‎ 下列形容词、副词、代词从肯定句变成否定句时须作相应的变化。‎ ‎ We've had some(money).→ We haven't had any(money).‎ ‎ I was talking to someone.→ I wasn't talking to anyone.‎ ‎ They sometimes visit us.→ They rarely (never, seldom)visit us.‎ ‎ He has arrived already. → He hasn't arrived yet.‎ ‎ Li is coming too.→ Li isn't coming either.‎ ‎ Both of us are going.→ Neither of us are going.‎ ‎ He likes both of them.→ He doesn't like either of them.‎ 注意：so/neither+助动词+名词/代词结构中须用倒装语序。‎ ‎ My wife like classic music very much and so do I.‎ ‎ She doesn't like jazz and neither do I.‎ 练习：‎ ‎1、Next Saturday there ________ going to ________ a flower show in the park which we visited last month.‎ A．is; be  B．is; have  C．was; be  D．was; have ‎2、—What's on the desk?‎ ‎—There ________ a dictionary and some flowers.The flowers are very beautiful.‎ A．are  B．is  C．was  D．were ‎ ‎3、There ________ a dog and some cats in the picture.‎ A．are  B．is  C．will  D．do ‎4、—Will the foreigners have any problems talking with Chinese people in China?‎ ‎—I don't think so.Now ________ the young ________ the old are learning to speak English.‎ A．neither; nor  B．either; or  C．only; except  D．not only; but also ‎5、Not only you but also everyone here ________ watching football matches.‎ A．likes  B．like  C．is like ‎ ‎6、 Mr. Smith, together with his wife, ___________ coming soon.‎ A. are          B. is        C. were         D. does ‎7、Two months ____ a long time. We can visit our grandparents during the vacation. ‎ A. am          B. is                 C. are ‎8、 Everyone in England       Christmas. ‎ A. enjoy      B. enjoying       C. will enjoy       D. enjoys ‎9、The tickets of the film Zootopia are hard to get. The film makes both adults and children ____.‎ ‎         A. becoming positive  B. become positive   C. to become positive  ‎ ‎10、Neither my wife nor I myself _______ able to teach my daughter to sing English songs.‎ A. has been              B. is            C. are           D. am ‎11、Not only the teacher but also the students           enjoying the film at that moment A. are             B. is               C. were          D. was ‎12、The teacher said that the earth ______________around the sun.‎ A. went          B. goes           C. will go              D. going ‎13、 Our teacher told us in class the earth    around the sun.‎ ‎    A. traveling        B. to travel        C. travels          D. traveled ‎14、Jim often ______ to the library on weekends. He likes reading books.‎ A.will go      B.is going     C.goes      D.went ‎15、The supermarket is far from Mary’s house . So she _______ only once a week. ‎ ‎    A. goes shopping    B. has been there  C. was shopping D. has gone there ‎16、-Who is that lady? -She’s Miss Green. She      us music, and she is so good.‎ ‎       A. taught       B. teaches     C. will teach  D. is teaching ‎17、Both you and I ___ wrong.‎ A. was     B. am     C. were    D. is ‎ ‎18、I like that music, but the lyrics ________ good enough.‎ A. aren't     B. are     C. isn't     D. is ‎19、Not only they but also I____interested in football. Messi is my favourite star.‎ ‎        A. be           B. am         C. is         D. are ‎ ‎20、His legs are very long and they ___________ under the desk.‎ ‎ A. not fit       B. don’t fit       C. aren’t fit      D. doesn’t fit ‎ ‎21、There ______ fresher air and greener trees.‎ ‎              A. are                    B. is                      C. was ‎22、Three years ________ a long time to be cut off from contact with your friends.‎ ‎       A.    are   B.    were       C.    is     D.    be ‎23、A group of boys and girls ________ dancing in the park. ‎ A．is     B．are     C．be     D．did ‎24、 “I think  neither this book nor that one       mine.” he said.‎ A. are          B. is                C. were     D. was ‎25、Nobody except Tom and Mary ________ in the classroom.The other students are watching the basketball game on the playground now.‎ A．am  B．is  C．are  D．was ‎26、________ my father ________ my mother is busy at work, so I have to look after myself.‎ A．Both; and  B．Neither; nor C．Not only; but also  D．Either; or ‎27、—What can you see in the picture?‎ ‎—I can see a farm.And there ________ many animals on it .‎ A．has  B．is  C．have  D．are ‎28、Many a student ________ that mistake before.‎ A．had made    B．has been made           C．have made     D．has made ‎29、Six months ________ too long for a child living alone.‎ ‎       A．are   B．is      C．wait   D．waits ‎30、No one who can play well ________ here now.Either of you ________   the chance to win.‎ ‎     A．is; has           B．is; have         C．are; has       D．are; have ‎31、The police ________ that the criminal ________ on the run.‎ ‎       A．report; is  B．report; are    C．reports; is      D．reports; are ‎32、The singer and actor ________ a wonderful performance.‎ ‎     A．give             B．gives          C．is            D．are ‎33、When and where to build the new factory________ yet.‎ ‎  A．is not decided                B．are not decided         ‎ ‎  C．has not been decided     D．have not been decided ‎34、There _______ two football matches in the gym（体育场）next week．‎ A．will be going to                       B．will have C．is going to be                        D．are going to be ‎35、Everyone in our class_____．‎ A．enjoys to swim                            B．enjoy to swim ‎ C．enjoys swimming                         D．enjoy swimming ‎36、The rest of the students _____ not allowed to leave the classroom at that time.‎ A. are         B. is            C. was            D. were ‎37、---Our school is beautiful!‎ ‎---It will be more beautiful if more trees and grass ______ by us.‎ A．plant              B．plants            C．is planted            D．are planted 参考答案 一、选择题 ‎1、A ‎2、B ‎3、B ‎4、D ‎5、A ‎6、B ‎7、B ‎8、D ‎9、B ‎ ‎10、D ‎11、C ‎12、B ‎13、C ‎14、C ‎15、A ‎16、B ‎17、C ‎18、A ‎19、B ‎20、B ‎ ‎21、B ‎22、C ‎ ‎23、B ‎24、B ‎25、B ‎26、C ‎27、D ‎28、D ‎29、B ‎30、A ‎31、A ‎32、B ‎33、C ‎34、D ‎35、C ‎36、D ‎37、D ‎ 2018年中考资料介绍 英语部分 1. 中考词汇辨析122组  ‎ ‎2.中学英语词组大全 ‎3.初中必背的英语重点词组句型 ‎4.中考英语词组必考必备 ‎5.中考英语各种题型的解题技巧 ‎6.2018中考英语阅读天天练系列——日常生活类 ‎7.2018中考英语完形天天练系列——日常生活类 ‎8.2018中考英语阅读天天练系列——人生百味类 ‎9.2018中考英语完形天天练系列——人生百味、科普宣传类 ‎10.2018中考英语阅读天天练系列——科普宣传类 ‎11.2018中考英语完形天天练系列——政治经济文化类 ‎12.2018中考英语阅读天天练系列——政治经济文化类 ‎13.2018中考英语完形天天练系列——人物传记、故事类 ‎14.2018中考英语完形天天练系列——综合类 ‎15.2018中考英语阅读天天练系列——综合类 ‎16.2018中考英语专项练习---作文 ‎17.2018中考英语专项练习---语法填空 ‎18.2018中考语法讲解与练习1——动词 ‎19.2018中考语法讲解与练习2——名词 ‎20.2018中考语法讲解与练习3——介词 ‎21.2018中考语法讲解与练习4——时态 ‎22.2018中考语法讲解与练习5——语态 ‎23.2018中考语法讲解与练习6——非谓语动词 ‎24.2018中考语法讲解与练习7——情态动词 ‎25.2018中考语法讲解与练习8——数词 ‎26.2018中考语法讲解与练习9——连词 ‎27.2018中考语法讲解与练习10——形容词比较、最高级 ‎28.2018中考语法讲解与练习11——副词 ‎29.2018中考语法讲解与练习12——冠词 ‎30.2018中考语法讲解与练习13——代词 ‎31.2018中考语法讲解与练习14——主谓一致 ‎32.2018中考语法讲解与练习15——简单句、复合句 ‎33.2018中考语法讲解与练习16——定语从句 ‎34.2018中考语法讲解与练习17——宾语从句 ‎35.2018中考语法讲解与练习18——综合练习 物理部分 ‎1.2018年中考物理模拟卷 ‎2.2016-2017学年毕业班中考模拟试卷物理 ‎3.2016-2017学年第二学期第一次质量检测物理试卷（2份）‎ ‎4.2016-2017学年第一学期物理期末质量检测 ‎5.2016-2017学年第一学期物理期末质量检测 ‎ 语文部分 ‎1.2018中考语文——文言文专题练习 数学部分 ‎1.2018中考数学模拟卷（一）‎ ‎2.2018中考数学专项练习---选择题（一）‎ ‎3.2018中考数学专项练习---选择题（二）‎ 期末部分 ‎1.2017--2018学年上学期九年级数学期末质量检测 ‎2.2017-2018学年初三第一学期物理期末质量检测 ‎3.2017--2018学年上学期九年级化学期末质量检测 ‎   ‎