中考英语复习资料三年知识点汇总整理

中考英语复习资料三年知识点汇总整理

七下 Units1-2复习要点 重点句型：‎ ‎1.Where is your pen-pal from? He’s from Australia.‎ ‎2.Where does she live? She lives in Sydney.‎ ‎3.What language does she speak? She speaks English.‎ ‎4.Is there a bank near here?‎ ‎ Yes, thre is. It’s on the Center Street.‎ ‎5.Where’s the supermarket? It’s next to the library.‎ ‎6.Is there a pay phone in the neighborhood?‎ ‎ Yes, it’s on Bridge Street on the right.‎ 语法：一般现在时 ‎1.一般现在时用法 ‎ (1) 表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。‎ 比如: always, often, usually, every day / week / month / year, sometimes, on Sunday等 ‎ I leave home for school at 7:00 every morning.‎ ‎ (2)表示现在的状态。 I am a student.‎ ‎ (3)表示主语所具备的性格和能力。I like red. I can spenk English.‎ ‎(4)客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。‎ The earth moves around the sun. ‎ Shanghai lies in the east of China.‎ ‎ (5) 表示格言或警句中。‎ Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 ‎ ‎★注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 ‎ 例:Columbus proved that the earth is round..哥伦布证实地球是圆的. ‎ ‎2.一般现在时谓语动词的构成主要有两种情况： ‎ ‎（1）be动词作谓语：句子的谓语动词只有be（am，is或are）： ‎ ‎ a．肯定句中，只出现be， 如：I am a student．我是一名学生。 ‎ ‎ b．否定句中，要在be后面加not，如：She isn't a teacher．‎ ‎ c．一般疑问句，要将be放在句子开头（注意首字母大写,句尾用问号），答语用Yes，主语+be．或No，主语+be+not．如： ‎ ‎ —Are you ready？—你准备好了吗？ ‎ ‎ —Yes，I am． （—No，I'm not．） ‎ ‎(2)实义动词作谓语:句中的谓语动词为实义动词（也叫行为动词）‎ ‎ a.肯定句中，只出现实义动词，如：I get up at 6:00 in the morning．‎ ‎★注意:如果主语是单数的第三人称,谓语动词必须用单数第三人称形式(简称:单三式, 动词变单三式的规则如下附录))‎ ‎ b.否定句中，要在实义动词前面加do / does＋not＋行为动词原形，(doesn't,仅对主语是第三人称单数) ‎ 如：I don't like vegetables．我不喜欢蔬菜。‎ ‎ My father doesn’t like Beijing Opera. 我父亲不喜欢京剧。 ‎ ‎ c.一般疑问句，要在句子开头加助动词Do/Does，句尾用问号，‎ 简略答语用Yes,主语+do / does．或No,主语+do / does＋not．‎ 如：—Do you like oranges？ ‎ ‎ —Yes，I do． （—No，I don't．） ‎ ‎★附录:实义动词作谓语时,如果主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词单三式的变化规则如下:‎ ‎ 1.一般情况加s，例如：looks, listens, visits ‎ ‎ 2. 以ch, sh, s, x或o结尾的词，加-es，例如：teaches, washes, guesses, goes, does ‎ ‎ 3. 辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i再加-es，例如：carry-carries ‎ ‎(特殊:have 的单三式为has)‎ 一般现在时用法专练:‎ 一.单项选择.‎ ‎1.Every year many foreigners ______ to China to learn Chinese.‎ A.have come B.comes C.came D.come ‎2.----Is your father a doctor?‎ ‎ -----Yes,he is. He ______ in Taiwan Hospital.‎ ‎ A.has worked B.had worked C.works D.worked ‎3.-----I won’t go to bed until the TV play ______ over.‎ ‎ ------You’d better not do that. A.was B.is C.wil D.will be 二.用括号内动词的适当形式填空。‎ ‎1. He often ________(have) dinner at home. ‎ ‎2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One. ‎ ‎3. We ____________ (not watch) TV on Monday.‎ ‎4. Nick ___________(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. ‎ ‎5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?‎ ‎6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays? ‎ ‎7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day? ‎ ‎8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays. ‎ ‎9. There ________(be) some water in the bottle. ‎ ‎10. Mike _______(like) cooking. ‎ ‎11. They _______(have) the same hobby. ‎ ‎12. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully.‎ ‎13. You always _______(do) your homework well. ‎ ‎14. I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed. ‎ ‎15. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday. ‎ ‎16. Liu Tao _______(not like) PE.‎ ‎17. The child often __________(watch) TV in the evening.‎ 三.按照要求改写句子。 ‎ ‎1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句) ‎ ‎ ________________________________________‎ ‎2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句,并作否定回答) ‎ ‎ ________________________________________ ‎ ‎3.She likes milk. (改为一般疑问句,并作肯定回答) ‎ ‎___________________________ ‎ ‎4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答) ‎ ‎ __________________________________________ ‎ ‎5.We go to school every morning. (改为否定句) ‎ ‎ _____________________________________‎ ‎6.He speaks English very well. (改为否定句) ‎ ‎_____________________________________‎ ‎7. I like taking photos in the park. . (对划线部分提问) ‎ ‎ ________________________________________‎ ‎8.Johncomes from Canada. (对划线部分提问) ‎ ‎______________________________________‎ ‎9. She is always a good student. (改为一般疑问句,作否定回答) ‎ ‎ __________________________________________________‎ ‎10. Simon and Daniel like going skating. (改为否定句) ‎ ‎ _______________________________________________‎ 四.改错(在错误的地方划线，将正确的写在后面横线上.‎ ‎ 1. Is your brother speak English? __________________ ‎ ‎ 2. Does he likes going fishing? __________________ ‎ ‎ 3. He likes play games after class. __________________ ‎ ‎ 4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. __________________ ‎ ‎ 5. She don’t do her homework on Sundays. _______________‎ Unit 3—4‎ 重点句型：‎ Let’s see the lions. ‎ Why do you like pandas? Why does he like koalas? ‎ Because they’re very cute.‎ What do you do? I’m a reporter.‎ What does he do? He is a student.‎ What do you want to be? What does he want to be? ‎ He wants to be a bank clerk.‎ 短语：kind of, be from, play with, be quiet, during the day, ‎ at night,eat leaves, in the day ‎ 知识清单：‎ 清单一：形容词和副词的比较等级及用法 形容词和副词比较等级的构成 ‎1.规则变化 单音节及部分双音节词 ‎ 情 况 ‎ 构成方法 ‎ 例 词 ‎ 一般情况 ‎ 加er/est tall-taller-tallest ‎ 以e结尾的词 ‎ 加r/st nice-nicer-nicest 以辅音字母 ‎+y结尾的词 变为i，‎ 再加er/est heavy ‎-heavier-heaviest 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节 先双写词尾字母,再加er/est big ‎-bigger-biggest 多音节词及部分双音节词 在词前加 more/most beautiful ‎--more beautiful ‎--most beautiful 不规则变化如下: ‎ good/well-better-best ill/bad/badly-worse-worst many/much-more-most little-less-least old-older-oldest/elder-eldest far-farther-farthest/further-furthest 一.形容词、副词等级的基本用法 ‎1.表示二者在性质和程度上相同时，用“as+原级+as”‎ 意思是“和……一样”。 This story is interesting as that one.‎ ‎2.表示二者在性质和程度上不同时，用“not as / so+原级+as”‎ 意思是“和……不一样”。‎ He is not /as tall as his elder brother. (他没有他哥哥高。)‎ ‎3.表示A比B更…，用“than” I am older than he/him.我比他大。‎ 比较级前还可用much, even, still, a little, far, any, …来修饰 Traveling by train is much(的多)cheaper and far(远远的)more enjoyable than a rushed trip by air.‎ 坐火车旅行比坐飞机旅行有趣多了。‎ She is even(更加)more beautiful than before.‎ 她比以前更加漂亮了。‎ ‎4.三者或三者以上的人或事物进行比较，一般使用最高级，形容词最高级前面要加定冠词the，副词级前可加也可不加the,之后一般要接表示范围的in/of短语。‎ An elephant is the heaviest animal in the zoo.‎ Tom is the tallest of all. 汤姆是所有人中最高的。‎ He ran fastest of all. 他是所有人中跑的最快的。‎ of“在……之中”表示属性(同类人或物)。in“在……范围之中”，与表示范围或场所的名词连用。最高级前的修饰语也可以是first, second, third……‎ The Changjiang river is the longest river in China.‎ ‎5．.“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越…”的意思，若形容词或副词是多音节词，应用“more and more+原级”，此结构后不接than引导的从句。如：‎ When spring comes，it get warmer and warmer。‎ 春天来临时，天气变的越来越暖和。‎ Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.‎ 我们的学校正变得越来越漂亮。‎ ‎6.the+比较级，the+比较级 译为“越……,就越……”‎ The busier she is, the happier she feels. 越忙她感觉就越幸福。‎ The more you read, the more you’ll learn. 你读的越多，了解就越多。The more quickly you get ready, the sooner we’ll be able to leave.‎ 你越快能准备好，我们就越能早点走。‎ ‎7.表示倍数…times+形容词比较级+than…‎ This book is twice thicker than that one. 这本书比那本书厚两倍。‎ 二.不等级与比较级的相互转换 English isn’t as important as Chinese.‎ ‎→English is less important than Chinese. 英文没有中文重要。‎ Lilei isn’t tall as Wei Hua. 李雷没有魏华高。‎ ‎→Lilei is shorter than Wei Hua. → Wei Hua is taller than Lilei.‎ 但是如果是单音节的形容词或副词就不能与less…than转换。‎ 清单二：使用比较级应注意的几个问题 ‎1.注意比较级中的同类比较 在进行比较时，比较的对象必须是同类事物,不是同类事物不能比较。如: 误：His bike is newer than his father.‎ 正：His bike is newer than his father’s.‎ 一般来说，进行比较的事物为了避免重复，than后面的比较对象常用that或those来代替。复数名词用those代替，不可数名词或单数名词用that代替。如：‎ In winter the weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou.‎ 冬天，北京的天气比广州的天气冷些。‎ The pictures in the books are more beautiful than those on the wall.‎ 书上的画比墙上的画更美丽。‎ ‎2.注意than后面人称代词的格 在比较级中，人称代词的主格和主格相比，宾格和宾格相比。‎ ‎(1)当句子的谓语动词是不及物动词时(或虽是及物动词但在不引起歧义的情况下),than后面的代词用主格.宾格都可以，两者的意思并无明显区别。如:He studies harder than I/me. 他学习比我用功。‎ We get to school earlier than he/him every day. 我们每天到校比他早 ‎(1)当句子中的谓语动词是及物动词时，than 后面的人称代词用主格或宾格在意思上就有差别。试比较：‎ I like you more than him.(=I like you more than I like him)‎ 你和他相比，我更喜欢你。‎ I like you more than he.(=I like you more than he likes you)‎ 我比他更喜欢你。‎ ‎1.当进行比较的双方在同一范围内，注意要在than后表示对象的名词前加上other一词，将比较的一方从被比较的一方中排除出来，否则就会出现与自身相比的矛盾现象。‎ 试译：汉语比其他学科更受欢迎。‎ 误：Chinese is more popular than any subject.‎ 正：Chinese is more popular than any other subject.‎ 这种句子在形式上是比较级，但在意思上是最高级。通常同样的意思却有多种表达方式。以“他在班上学习最用功“为例，可有以下几种表达：‎ He studies hardest in his class.‎ He studies harder than any other student in his class.‎ He studies harder than any of the other students in his class.‎ He studies harder than all the other students in his class. ‎ He studies harder than any of others in his class.‎ He studies harder than any one else in his class.‎ He studies harder than the others in his class.‎ He studies harder than the other students in his class.‎ 但是若比较的双方不在同一范围内,则不需要other 来排除了。‎ 如：China is larger than any country in Africa。‎ 中国比非洲任何国家都大（中国不在非洲,故any后不要other）‎ ‎2.not so/as…as…可与less…than或more…than…互换。如：‎ I think math is not as/so interesting as English。‎ ‎= I think math is less interesting than English。‎ ‎=I think English is more interesting than math。‎ 我认为数学没有英语那样有趣。‎ 在使用not so/as…as…结构时,如果句子中的谓语动词是实义动词,not应与助动词do的适当形式连用，而不能直接接在谓语动词的后面.如：‎ 误：He gets up not so/as early as Jim。‎ 正：He doesn’t get up as/so early as Jim。‎ ‎3.much,a little, even, still等表示程度的副词可用来修饰比较级，而very, too, so, quite(表示身体健康的quiter除外)习惯上不用来修饰比较级。如：‎ 误：I think science is very more difficult than Chinese.‎ 正：I think science is much more difficult than Chinese.‎ 清单三：形容词的顺序 ‎ ‎ 当多个形容词同时修饰一个名词时，通常按这样的顺序：限定词+描绘性的形容词+大小+形状+新旧或年龄+颜色+国家或地区+材料+用途+被修饰的名词。如：‎ A light white shelf.一个轻便的白色鞋架。‎ A short young Japanese businessman.一个身材矮小的年轻日本人.‎ 清单四：几组副词的用法辨析 ‎1.very与much表示“很”，“非常”。‎ very 用于写实形容词或副词的原级；much用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级，修饰动词要用 much 或very much.‎ 如：It's very nice,这个非常好.‎ She said she was much better than before 她说她比以前好多了。‎ You did it very well. 你做的很好。‎ I like English very much. 我非常喜欢英语。‎ ‎2.so与such表示“如此”，“那么”，“这么”。‎ ‎（1）so修饰形容词或副词，such修饰名词，但名词前可以有形容词做定语。如：‎ I can’t be here so early.我不可能这么早来。‎ I’ve never seen such fine drawings.我从来没有见过如此漂亮的图。‎ ‎(2)so修饰的形容词后如有一个单数可数名词，其结构是so+adj.+a/an+n.‎ 试比较：She is so good a girl.‎ She is such a good girl.‎ ‎(3)如果可数名词复数前有many, few或不可数名词前有much，little等表示数量多少的形容词，用so而不用such。‎ 如：I’m afraid that he’ll forget it if he misses so many lessons.‎ 我恐怕如果他耽误这么多的课程他会忘掉的。‎ Miss Zhao got so little money a month.‎ 赵老师每个月只领这么少的钱。‎ ‎3.too,also与either表示“也（不）”。‎ too 和 also用于肯定句中，too常用于口语中，置于句末;also常用于书面语中，置于be动词之后，行为动词之前；either用于否定句中。如：‎ I’m fine, too.我也好。‎ We also have eleven players in a team.我们每个队也有11个队员。‎ 中国的熟食也很流行。‎ We don’t like the same colours,either.‎ 我们也不喜欢同一颜色。‎ ‎4．ago与before,表示“在······以前”。‎ ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”，before指在过去或将来的某时刻“以前”或泛指“以前”。如：‎ ‎—When did you have a meeting ?‎ 你们什么时候开的会？‎ ‎—Three day ago.三周前。‎ Mr.Smith said that John had told him all about his past three weeks before.史密斯先生说，约翰三周前就把他的过去全部告诉了他。‎ I have never lost a book before. 我以前从没有丢过书。‎ ‎5．sometime,sometimes,some times 和 some time。‎ sometime表示将来或过去的“某个时候”；sometimes指“有时候”；some times表示“倍数、次数”。如：‎ New students will come to our school sometime next week. 新同学将于下周到校。‎ It took me some time to finish reading the book.‎ 我花了一些时间读完这本书。‎ Sometimes,I know what she’s thinking ‎ 有时候我知道她在想什么事。‎ Our school is some times larger than theirs. ‎ 我们学校比他们学校大几倍。‎ ‎6．Already,yet与still表示“已经”等。‎ alreaday 表示某事已经发生，still 表示谋事仍在进行，主要用于肯定句，yet用于疑问句表示“已经”，用于否定句表示“还没有”、“尚未”等。 如：‎ I’ve already finished it. 我已经完成了这项工作。‎ I have sung already. 我已经唱过了。‎ They were still neck and neck. 他们仍齐头并进，不分上下。‎ Have you found your ruler yet?‎ 你已经找到尺子了吗？‎ He hasn’t finished his work yet.他还没有完成工作。Already 有时用于疑问句，表示出乎意料，惊讶等。如：Have you finished already?‎ 练习：‎ ‎1 The air in Beijing is getting much -___now than a few years ago.‎ ‎ A clean B cleaner C cleanest D the cleanest ‎2 –We spent all our money because we stayed at the most expensive hotel in town. --Why didn’t you stay at ___ one?‎ ‎ A a cheap B a cheaper C the cheaper D the cheaper ‎3 –Remember ,boys and girls .___you work ,___result you will get.‎ ‎--- We know ,MissGao ‎ A The better ,the harder B The harder ,the better C The hard ,the better D The harder,the good ‎4 Kate is really ___ .She ‘s never angry with others A tall B friendly C lucky D clever ‎5 –Which is __ river in China ?---The Changjiang river A longer B the longest C longest D the longer ‎ ‎6 –Do you like western food ?‎ ‎---No,The food of our country is ___ that of western countryies.‎ ‎ A rather good than B much better than ‎ C more better than D not so good ‎7 This is ___ that all of us believe it’svery important.‎ ‎ A such useful information B so useful information ‎ ‎ C so useful informations D such a useful information ‎8 The world is becoming smaller and smaller because the Internet bring us ___.‎ ‎ A the close B closer C the closer D close ‎9 Shanghai is larger than ___ city in India.‎ ‎ A any other B other C all other D any ‎10 –Do you like the Moonlight Sonata?---Sure ,it sounds really ___. ‎ ‎ A clear B clearly C beautiful D beautifully ‎11 What do you think of the flowers? ---They look ___‎ ‎ A beautiful B beautifully Cmore beautifull ‎12 Have you ever seen Tom and Jerry?‎ ‎—Sure.It is one of ____ cartoons I have ever seen.‎ ‎ A wonderful B the most wonderful C more wonderful ‎13 Kate felt ___ when she saw the lovely dress in the clothes shop.‎ ‎ A pleased B tired C well ‎14 I think the song My Heart Will Go On is _ _ one of all the movie songs.‎ ‎ A much more beautiful B the beautiful C the most beautifull ‎15 Eating more fruit will keep people__‎ A carefully B afraid C busy D healthy ‎16 “Do you want to improve your score in maths?Try staying away from your computer.”A recent report in Britain says ,”The ___ students use computers at school and at home ,the ___ they do in exams of reading and maths,”‎ ‎ A more ,better B less,worse C more,more D less,better ‎17 –Do you like English ?—Yes ,but I think it’s ___ subject of all.‎ ‎ A the easiest B the most difficult ‎ C the most intesting D the most boring ‎18 I hear that Mike is __ student in his class . ‎ ‎ A more careful B the most careful C careful ‎19 –What do you think of the bridge ?---I have never seen ___ before.‎ ‎ A so a long one B so long one C such a long one D a such long one ‎ ‎20 Do you think maths is __foreign languages?‎ ‎ A more difficult B less difficult C as difficult as D the most difficult ‎21 It’s raining ___ We have to stay at home instead of going fishing?‎ A badly B hardly C heavily D strongly ‎ ‎22 The Chinese parents always teach their children to be __ to others.‎ ‎ A carfully Bfriendly C lonely ‎ ‎23 Write __ and try not to make any mistake .‎ A as carefully as possible B as carfully as you can ‎ ‎ C more carful D more carfully ‎ ‎24 Gao Yuecdid quite _ _ at the World Table Tennis Championship,but Zhang Yining did even ___‎ ‎ A better ,well B well ,well C well .better D better,well ‎25 Jane’s leg was _ _ painfull that he couldn’t move at all ‎ A too B so C very ‎26 –do you have sports meeting?—Twice a year ‎ A How soon B How ofren C How long ‎27 Don’t worry .He is ___to take care of little Betty.‎ ‎ A carefully enough B enough careful C careful enough ‎ ‎28 –We can use MSn to talk with each other on the Internet.‎ ‎—Really?Will please show me ___it ‎ ‎ A what to use B how to use C how can I use D what I use ‎29 Don’t worry,sir .I’m sure I can run __to catch up with them.‎ ‎ A fast enough B enough fast C slowly enough D enough slowly ‎30 –--____do you pay a visit to your grandparents?--At least four times a month though I am busy preparing for my exam.‎ ‎ A How many B How long C How much D How often Units 5-6‎ 重点词组 ‎1. wait for 等候，等待 2. talk to sb. 与某人谈话 ‎3. talk about 谈论 4. take photos 拍照 ‎5. have a good time 玩得开心, 过得快乐 ‎6. look at 看,朝…..看 7. look for 寻找, 寻求 ‎8. in order to 为了 9. be/come from 来自于 重点句型 ‎1. What are you doing? I’m watching.‎ ‎2. What’s he doing? He’s reading.‎ ‎3. When do you want to go? Let’s go at six o’clock.‎ ‎4. How’s the weather in Shanghai.? /‎ ‎ What’s the weather like in Shanghai?‎ ‎ It’s cloudy/windy/raining/sunny/snowing.‎ ‎5. How’s it going? Great/Not bad/Terrible/Pretty good.‎ 现在进行时 一、现在进行时的用法 ‎1.表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,常与now(现在), right now(现在), at the moment(现在)等时间状语连用。‎ ‎ We are listening to our teacher now.‎ ‎2.表示现阶段(说话前后一段时间内)一直在进行的活动, 常与at present(目前), these days(这些天)等时间状语连用。‎ ‎ He is thinking about this problem these days.‎ ‎3. 表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。‎ ‎ （1）移动的终止性动词用于进行时，表示即将要发生。此类动词主要有come，go，run，leave，start，begin，arrive，return等。‎ ‎ When are you returning home？你什么时候回家？‎ ‎ （2）一些持续性动词用于进行时，表将来，表示说话者对对方将要做的事情的一种关心。‎ ‎ How long are you staying in Toronto?你将在多伦多呆多长时间?‎ 二、现在进行时的构成及形式 肯定句: 主语 + be +现在分词 +…‎ 否定句: 主语+be + not+现在分词+…‎ 一般疑问句: be +主语+现在分词+…?‎ 一般疑问句的回答: Yes, 主语+be的相应形式 ‎ No, 主语+am not/ isn’t/ aren’t.‎ 特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词(作主语)+be +现在分词+…?‎ ‎ 特殊疑问词+be+主语+现在分词+…?‎ I am playing football now. I am not playing football now.‎ ‎-Are you playing football now? Yes, I am./ No, I’m not.‎ What are you doing now?‎ 动词现在分词的构成:‎ (1) 一般在动词的词尾加-ing。 如：pour→ pouring (2) 以不发音e结尾的去掉e，再加-ing。 如：write→ writing (3) 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，先双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-ing。 如：begin→ beginning ‎:注意：lie→ lying die→ dying tie→ tying ‎ prefer→ preferring 三、一般现在时和现在进行时的区别:‎ ‎1．一般现在时表示目前经常发生,习惯性的动作,表示客观事实,表示主语目前的特征,姿势和能力等；而现在进行时则表示说话时正在进行的动作或现阶段正在进行的动作。‎ ‎2．一般现在时表示“存在状况”时，常可采用表示状态的动词，如：be，keep，remain，stay，exist，have等，而这些动词一般很少用于现在进行时。‎ This rule remains to be discussed. 这条规定仍需讨论。‎ She has a strong accent of an American. 她带有浓重的美国口音。‎ ‎3．以here，there等开头的句子，说明正在发生的动作，谓语动词不用进行时，而用一般现在时。‎ Look out！There comes a fierce dog. 小心,来了条凶狗。‎ Listen！There goes the first bell. 听，预备铃响了。‎ ‎4．表示动作意义的动词，必须是习惯性的，经常性的动作或是一般性的行为才能使用一般现在时，而这种动词在现在进行时中则往往表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。‎ Light travels much faster than sound. 光比声音传播得快多了。‎ I sometimes work until dawn. 我有时工作到黎明。‎ ‎5．有些词（如taste，smell，sound，look等）在一般现在时中是连系动词，而在现在进行时中则为行为动词。‎ I’m looking at the picture by Picasso. It looks really nice.‎ 我正在看毕加索的画，它看起来太棒了。‎ The police dog is smelling the trace of the thief. ‎ 警犬正在嗅小偷的踪迹。‎ ‎6．在时间，条件状语从句中，将来的动作须用一般现在时来表示。‎ If you fail again, I suggest you not lose heart.‎ 如果你再次失败，我劝你不要灰心。‎ 练习：‎ ‎1. –Excuse me, where is lily?‎ ‎ -Oh, she the volleyball match on the playground.‎ ‎ A. watches B. will watch C. is watching D. watched ‎2. The summer vacation will begin next week. David to stay with us.‎ ‎ A. will be coming B. comes C. came D. is coming ‎3. –They about Super Voice Girl. Let’s join them. –Good idea.‎ ‎ A. talk B. are talking C. have a talk D. talked ‎4. Better go and ask him when he . We must see him off when he .‎ ‎ A. is leaving; leaves B. leaves; is leaving ‎ C. leave; left D. left; was leaving ‎5. Jack is a black jacket today.‎ ‎ A. have on B. wearing C. being in D. dressing himself ‎6. There a parent-teacher meeting this afternoon.‎ ‎ A. is going to have B. is going to be ‎ C. are going to be D. is going to hold ‎7. –Listen, what’s the noise?‎ ‎ -My brother the program of the World Cup in the sitting-room.‎ ‎ A. watches B. is watching C. has watched D. will watch ‎8. –What are you doing, Mom?‎ ‎ -I . Uncle Wang to have dinner with us tonight.‎ ‎ A. am cooking; is going out B. cook; goes out ‎ C. am cooking; is coming ‎9. Who _____ over there now? ‎ A. singing B. are sing C. is singing D. sing ‎10. It’s eight o’clock. The students _____ an English class. ‎ A. have B. having C. is having D. are having ‎11. Listen! The baby _____ in the next room. ‎ A. crying B. cried C. is crying D. cries ‎12. Look! The twins _____ new sweaters. ‎ A. are wearing B. wearing C. are wear D. is wearing ‎13. Don’t talk here. Grandparents _____. ‎ A. is sleeping B. are sleeping C. sleeping D. sleep ‎6. Tom is a worker. He ___ in a factory. His sisters ____ in a hospital.‎ ‎ A. work/ work B. works/ work C. work/ works ‎7. Who _____ English best in your class? ‎ A. speak B. speaks C. speaking ‎8. Mrs Read _____ the windows every day. ‎ A. is cleaning B. clean C. cleans ‎9. We _____ music and often _____ to music. ‎ A. like/ listen B. likes/ listens C. like/ are listening ‎10. She _____ up at six in the morning. ‎ A. get B. gets C. getting ‎11. On Sunday he sometimes ____ his clothes and sometimes ____ some shopping.‎ ‎ A. wash/ do B. is washing/ is doing C. washes/ does ‎12. The twins usually _____ milk and bread for breakfast, but Jim _____ some coffee for it.‎ ‎ A. have/ have B. have/ has C. has/ have 二、填空：‎ ‎1. My father always __________(come) back from work very late.‎ ‎2. The teacher is busy. He __________ (sleep) six hours a day.‎ ‎3. Listen! Joan _________(sing) in the classroom. She often __________ (sing) there.‎ ‎4. __________ your brother __________(know) Japanese?‎ ‎5. Where __________ you __________ (have) lunch every day?‎ ‎6. The girl __________(like) wearing a skirt. Look! She __________(wear) a red skirt today.‎ 三、写出下列动词的现在分词形式 work___________ sing__________ play__________ study__________ dance__________ have__________ write__________ take__________ run__________ sit__________ shop__________ swim__________‎ ‎ lie__________‎ 四、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式 work__________ read__________ clean__________ write__________ teach__________ wash__________ guess__________ watch__________ go__________ do___________ photo______ study__________ fly__________ cry__________ play__________‎ have__________‎ 五、根据中文意思完成句子 ‎1、学生们在干什么？有一些在打电话，另一些躺在沙滩上。‎ ‎ _____ _____ the students _____? Some _____ _____ on the phone, _____ _____ _____ on the beach.‎ ‎2、“格林先生在看电视吗？” “不， 他在打扫房间。”‎ ‎ “_____ Mr Green _____ TV?” “_____, He _____ _____ the house.”‎ ‎3、魏芳不是在读书，她在写信。‎ ‎ Wei Fang _____ _____ a book. She _____ _____ a letter.‎ ‎4、今天天气怎么样？_____ is the weather today? 或_____ is the weather _____ today?‎ ‎5、我正在通过收音机学 (learn) 英语。‎ ‎ I _____ _____ English on the radio.‎ ‎6、这个老人每天早上六点钟起床。‎ ‎ The old man _____ _____ at six o’clock in the morning every day.‎ ‎7、你从哪里来？Where _____ you from? 或Where _____ you _____ from?‎ ‎ 我从美国来。 I _____ from America. 或I _____ from America.‎ 将下列句子改成现在进行时 ‎ ‎1. Tom can speak Chinese. ‎ ‎2. We have four lessons. ‎ ‎3. I watch TV every day. ‎ ‎4. She works in a hospital. ‎ ‎5. Do you like this book? ‎ ‎6. Kitty and Ben have lunch at about twelve. ‎ ‎7. His father can help them. ‎ ‎8. Danny, open the door. ‎ ‎9. They watch TV in the evening. ‎ ‎10.What are you doing ?‎ Units7-8 ‎ 重点句型 ‎1．What does he/she look like? He /she is medium build,and he/she has short straight hair.‎ ‎2．What do you/they look like? I’m /They’re …‎ ‎3．What would you like? I’d like some noodles.‎ ‎4. What kind of noodles would you like? ‎ I’d like beef noodles,please.‎ ‎5. What size bowl of noodles would he like?‎ ‎ He’d like a small/medium/large bowl of noodles.‎ 第一册下短语总汇 1． be from/come from 来自于 2． live in 住在… ‎ 3． in China 在中国 4． in English 用英语 ‎ 5． in November 在十一月 6． a little 一点儿 7． go to the movies 去看电影 8． write to sb 给某人写信 1． on weekends 在周末 ‎10.tell sb about sth 告诉某人某事 ‎11.post office 邮局 ‎12.pay phone 投币式公用电话 ‎13.between…and… 在…和…之间 ‎14.in front of 在…前面 ‎15.in the neighborhood 在附近 ‎16.go straight 直走 ‎17.on the right/left 在右侧/左侧 ‎18.turn left/right 向左转/右转 ‎19.take a walk 散步 ‎20.at the beginning of 在…的开端 ‎21.have fun 玩得开心 ‎22.take a taxi 乘出租车 ‎23.go down 顺着…走 ‎24.have a good trip 旅途愉快 ‎25.kind of 有几分 ‎26.want to do sth 想要做某事 ‎27.play with… 与…一起玩 ‎28.be quiet 安静 ‎29.during/in the day 在白天 ‎30.at night 在夜晚 ‎31.get up 起床 ‎32.every day 每天 ‎33.look at 看着…‎ ‎34.shop assistant 店员 ‎35.bank clerk 银行职员 ‎36.TV station 电视台 ‎37.work with 和…一起工作 ‎38.talk to sb 和某人交谈 ‎39.give sb sth/give sth to sb 给某人某物 ‎40.police station 警察局 ‎41.school play 校园剧 ‎42.go out 出去 ‎43.ask sb sth 问某人某事 ‎44．get sth from sb 从某人处得到某物 ‎45.do homework 做家庭作业 ‎46.watch TV 看电视 ‎47.eat/have dinner 吃晚饭 ‎48.talk on the phone 打电话 ‎49.TV show 电视节目 ‎50.wait for 等待 ‎51.talk about 谈论 ‎52.play basketball 打篮球 ‎53.at school 在学校 ‎54.read books 看书 ‎55.not bad 不错 ‎56.take photos 拍照 ‎57.look cool 看上去很酷 ‎58.have a good time 玩得开心 ‎59.thank sb for doing sth 感谢某人做了某事 ‎60.play computer games 打电脑游戏 ‎61.pretty good 好极了 ‎62.play beach volleyball 打沙滩排球 ‎63.look for 寻找 ‎64.lie on the beach 躺在沙滩上 ‎65.short/long hair 短/长发 ‎66.curly/straight hair 卷/直发 ‎67.medium build/height 中等身材/个子 ‎68.look like 看起来像 ‎69.the captain of… …的队长/首领 ‎70.a little bit 一点儿；少许 ‎71.love to do sth 喜欢做某事 ‎72.tell jokes 讲笑话 ‎73.stop doing sth 停止做某事 ‎74.like doing sth 喜欢做某事 ‎75.pop singer 流行歌手 ‎76.play chess 下棋 ‎77.would like 想要 ‎78.green tea 绿茶 ‎79.countable noun 可数名词 ‎80.uncountable noun 不可数名词 ‎81.phone number 电话号码 ‎82.as well as 也 ‎83.ice cream 冰淇淋 ‎84.orange juice 桔汁 ‎85.what size 什么型号/尺寸 ‎86.what kind of 什么种类 ‎87.have a party 举行晚会 ‎88．play the guitar 弹吉他 ‎89.stay at home 呆在家里 ‎90.play tennis 打网球 ‎91.play soccer 踢足球 ‎92.do some reading 阅读 ‎93.clean one’s room 打扫房间 ‎94.go for a walk 去散步 ‎95.middle school 中学 ‎96.go shopping 去购物 ‎97.talk show （电视，广播的）访谈节目 ‎98.go to the beach 去海滩 ‎99.practice English 练习英语 ‎100.study for the test 准备测试 ‎101.go on vacation 去度假 ‎102.the Great Wall 万里长城 ‎103.have fun doing sth 很开心地做某事 ‎104.summer camp 夏令营 ‎105.the Palace Museum 故宫 ‎106.Tian’an Men Square 天安门广场 ‎107.how/what about…? …怎么样？‎ ‎108.key ring 钥匙链 ‎109.think of 想到；认为 ‎110.soap opera 肥皂剧 ‎111.sports show 体育节目 ‎112.in fact 事实上 ‎113.situation comedy 情景喜剧 ‎114.game show 游戏节目 ‎115.enjoy doing 喜欢做…‎ ‎116.agree with 同意 ‎117.too many rules 太多规则 ‎118.be late for class 上课迟到 ‎119.after school 放学后 ‎120.dinning hall 餐厅 ‎121.have to 不得不 ‎122.sports shoes 运动鞋 ‎123.the Children’s Palace 少年宫 ‎124.be in bed 睡觉 练习 Ⅰ.根据句意及所给汉语提示,用该短语的适当形式完成下列句子。‎ ‎1. The girl looks _________(有几分) shy. She talks little.‎ ‎2. —What does your father do, Mary?‎ ‎ —He works in a _____________ (电视台) .‎ ‎3.The ______ (投币式公用电话) is ______ (在……对面) the library. ‎ ‎4. Lisa went to the movies last weekend. She ________________(玩的开心;过的愉快) there. ‎ ‎5. —Are they _____________ (谈论) the animals in the sitting room?‎ ‎ —No, they are ______________(在电话上交谈).‎ ‎6. —Is there a big supermarket _______________ (在临近的地区)?‎ ‎ —Yes, there is. It’s ________________ (在……旁边) the hospital.‎ ‎7. Mike __________ letters ____________(从……得到……) his letter box every day.‎ ‎8. —Why don’t you ____________ (看电视) at home?‎ ‎ —Because the ______________(电视节目) is boring. ‎ ‎9.—Who are Ben and Sam __________________(和……交谈)?‎ ‎ —The two policemen.‎ ‎10. —How can we get to the Hongxiang Hotel?‎ ‎ —You can _______ (乘出租车) from the airport. ________ (穿过) the Center Avenue and ________ (向左拐). It’s _________ (在……前面) Hualing Store.‎ ‎11. —Where is your _______ (笔友) from?‎ ‎ —He is from New York. ‎ ‎ —Do you often ____________(给……写信) him?‎ ‎ —Yes. We usually send e-mails to each other. ‎ ‎12. My house is ________(在……之间) the No. 1 Middle School and the Nanshan Park. My parents always _______ (散步) in the park after supper.‎ Ⅱ.请用方框中所给短语的适当形式完成句子,每个短语仅用一次。‎ wait for; on the right; go out to dinners; come from; police ‎ station; go straight; at night; pretty good; the way to...; ‎ beach volleyball; in order to; take photos; during the day; ‎ post office; school play ‎1. —How is it going, Jeff? — _________________. ‎ ‎2. Does your mother work in a ___________ or in a ___________? ‎ ‎3. —Who is your English teacher ___________at the school gate?‎ ‎ —Her son, I think. ‎ ‎4. —Can you tell me ___________the Garden District?‎ ‎ —Sure. It’s not far. _________ and it’s _________of the hotel. ‎ ‎5. —It’s snowing outside. Let’s _______________. ‎ ‎ —That sounds great.‎ ‎6. —I like singing and dancing. ‎ ‎ —If you want to be in the __________, please call Mary at 767-6609.‎ ‎7. —Why do people want to ______________?‎ ‎ —Because they think the food in the restaurants is more delicious than that cooked at home.‎ ‎8. —Look at the young kids. What are they doing on the beach?‎ ‎ —They are playing ___________. How happy they are!‎ ‎9. I’m going to listen to the tapes ____________improve my English. ‎ ‎10. Koalas __________Australia. They sleep ____________, but they ‎ get up and eat leaves ___________.‎ ‎ (二)‎ I. 根据汉语意思, 完成下列句子 (每空一词)。‎ ‎1. —你的朋友看上去什么样?‎ ‎ —他中等体格,长着卷曲的头发。‎ ‎ —What does your friend _______ ________?‎ ‎ —He is _______ _______, and has ______ ________. ‎ ‎2. —您想要什么面条? ‎ ‎ —牛肉面。‎ ‎ —________ ________ ________noodles _________‎ you __________?‎ ‎ — _________ __________. ‎ ‎3. —放学后,你经常做什么?‎ ‎ —踢足球。‎ ‎ —What do you often do _________ ________? ‎ ‎ —I often ________ ________. ‎ ‎4. —他去哪儿度假了?‎ ‎ —他去了海滩。‎ ‎ —Where did he go ______ ________?‎ ‎ —He _______ _______ ________ ________. ‎ ‎5. 上周我看了一部肥皂剧,它使我很兴奋。‎ Last week I saw a _______ _______. It made me very excited.‎ ‎6. 我不介意年青人怎样看我。‎ I don’t mind what young people ________ ________me. ‎ Ⅱ. 用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空,每个短语仅用一次。‎ listen to music; practice English; have great fun;‎ do some reading; arrive late for class ‎ ‎1. Why do you often __________? The teacher is angry.‎ ‎2. —What did he do over the weekend?‎ ‎ —He _________because he liked English a lot. ‎ ‎3. I often _________in the library when I am free.‎ ‎4.The children went to the park yesterday. They _________there.‎ ‎5. —Do you enjoy _________?‎ ‎ —Yes, very much. I like the music written by Beethoven.‎ Units 9-10‎ 重点句型：‎ What did you do last weekend?‎ On Saturday morning I cleaned my room. On Saturday evening I went to the movies.‎ How was your weekend? It was great.‎ Where did you go last weekend? We went New York City.‎ Did your go to Central Park? Yes, I did.‎ How was the weather? It was humid.‎ 一般过去时的用法：‎ ‎1．过去某个特定时间发生，并且一下子就完成了的动作（即：非持续性动作），也可以表示过去习惯性的动作。一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响，只说明过去。 ‎ ‎ I had a word with Julia this morning. 今天早晨，我跟朱丽亚说了几句话。 ‎ ‎ He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up. 他没有戒烟的那阵子，烟抽得可凶了。 ‎ 一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用，过去时间状语如：yesterday, two days ago…（两天前）the other day（前几天），last week / year, in 1993, just now（刚才）、in the old days（过去的日子里） at that time, once, during the war, before, a few days ago, when引导的时间状语从句等。 ‎ 句子中谓语动词是用一般过去时还是用现在完成时，取决于动作是否对现在有影响。如果句中带有确定的时间，只能用一般过去时，不用现在完成时。‎ Have you had your lunch? 你吃过午饭了吗？（意思是说你现在不饿吗？） ‎ Yes, I have. 是的，我已经吃过了。（意思是说已经吃饱了，不想再吃了。） ‎ When did you have it? 你是什么时候吃的？（关心的是吃的动作发生在何时。） ‎ I had it about ten minutes ago. 我是大约十分钟以前吃的。 ‎ ‎2.一般过去时谓语动词的构成：‎ ‎（1）be(was, were)作谓语. 否定句是在was/were后面加not，was not(wasn't) / were not (weren't)。一般疑问句是把was / were提前并放到句首，首字母要大写。‎ 肯定句: She was at home yesterday.‎ 否定句: She wasn’t at home yesterday.‎ 一般疑问句: Was she at home yesterday?‎ ‎（2）实义动词的过去式作谓语（不区分人称和数）‎ ‎①肯定式：主语+动词过去式+其它。‎ 如：They had a good time yesterday.‎ ‎②否定式：主语+did not(didn't)+动词原形+其它。如：They didn't watch TV last night.‎ ‎③一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其它？肯定回答：Yes，主语+did. 否定回答：No，主语+didn't. 如：Did they watch TV last night ? Yes, they did. / No, they didn’t.‎ ‎④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它？‎ 如：What time did you finish your homework?‎ ‎3. 动词一般过去式的构成 a.规则动词过去式的变化可速记为"直"、"去"、"双"、"改"四字诀。‎ ‎①一般情况下在动词原形后直接加-ed。如：wanted，played。‎ ‎②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去掉e再加-ed。如：hoped，lived。‎ ‎③重读闭音节单词需双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ed。如：stopped。‎ ‎④以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i，再加-ed。如：studied，worried。‎ b.不规则动词变化，要逐一熟记。be动词过去式有两种形式，主语是第一、三人称单数形式使用was，其他人称用were。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1.在谈到已死去的人的情况时，多用过去时。‎ ‎2.表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作，常与always，never等连用。‎ ‎ Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。（只是说明她过去的动作，不表明她现在是否常带着伞。）‎ ‎ 比较: Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.彼得太太老是带着伞。‎ ‎ （说明这是她的习惯，表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞）‎ ‎ I never drank wine.我以前从不喝酒。（不涉及到现在,不说明现在是否喝酒）‎ ‎ 3.如果强调已经终止的习惯时要用used to do ‎ He used to drink. 他过去喝酒。（意味着他现在不喝酒了。喝酒这个动作终止了）‎ ‎ I used to take a walk in the morning.我过去在早晨散步（意味着现在不在早晨散步了）‎ ‎ 4.有些句子，虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话，也要用过去时，这一点，我们中国学生往往出错，要特别注意！‎ ‎ I didn''t know you were in Paris. 我不知道你在巴黎。（因为在说话时，我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前，所以只能用过去时表示。实际上，这句话暗指But now I know you are here.）‎ ‎ I thought you were ill. 我以为你病了呢。（这句话应是在说话之前，我以为你病了。但是现在我知道你没病）‎ 辨别正误：‎ Li Ming studied English this morning. （把此句变为一般疑问句）‎ ‎1.Did Li Ming studied English this morning？（×,动词应该用原形）‎ ‎2. Does Li ming study English this morning？（×,时态应该用原句子的时态）‎ ‎3.Was Li Ming studied English this morning？（×,应该用实义动词，而不是be动词）‎ ‎4.Did Li Ming study Enghish this morning？ （√） ‎ 一般过去时态专项练习:‎ 写出下列动词的过去式:‎ ‎1.go---______ 2.do---_______ 3.have/has---______ 4.am/is---______ 5.are---______ 6.am not/isn’t---_______ 7.aren’t---________ 8.don’t/doesn’t---_______ 9.study---______ 10.play---______ 11.see---______ 12.get---______ ‎ ‎13.come---______ 14.eat---_____ 15.drink---______ 16.write---_______ 17.stay---_______ 18.take---_____ 19.sit---______ 20.buy---________ 21.sell---_______ 22.leave---______ 23.meet---_______ 24.read---_______ ‎ 一.选择 ‎ ( )1.The two __________in the same class last year. ‎ ‎ A. are　 B. was 　 C. were D. be ‎ ( )2.---Where______ you______ ? ----I went to buy some food for supper.‎ ‎ A.are … go B.did … go　 C.do … go D. will … go ‎ ( )3."Why ____ she ____ angry?" "Because he ___ at him just now.‎ ‎ A. did… get, shouted B. has…got…shouted ‎ C. did… get… has shouted D. has…got…has shouted ‎ ‎ ( )4.______ that worker ________in a shoe factory a year ago?‎ ‎ A. Do, work　B. Did, worked　C. Did, work D. Does work ‎ ( )5____ you _____ the film before ? Where ____ you _____ it ?‎ ‎ A. Have… seen… did… see B. Did…see…die…watch ‎ C. Have…seen… have… seen D. Did…see…have…seen ‎ ( )6. __________your mother __________to work last Saturday?‎ ‎ A. Did, go 　 B. Do, go 　 C. Does, go D. Has, gone ‎ ( )7.They________ not late the day before yesterday. ‎ ‎ A. did　 B. were 　 C. are D. do ‎( )8._________ they away from school last October? ‎ ‎ A. Did　 B. Were　 C. Do D. Are ‎ ( )9. You ___ me waiting for two hours. I ____ for you since five.‎ ‎ A. kept…waited B. have kept…waited C. kept…have waited D. have kept…have waited ‎ ‎ ( )10. ____you ____ the text yet ? Yes, we ____ it two hours ago. ‎ ‎ A. Did…copy…did B. Have… copied…have ‎ C. Have… copied… did D. Did …copy…had ‎ ( )11. I _____ that you _____ good care of her that day.‎ A. thought…will take B. thought…would take ‎ C. think… will take D. think… would take ‎ ( )12.The boys_______ only two subjects last term, but this term they_______ five.‎ ‎ A. have, have　 B. had, had　 C. had, have D. have had, have ‎ ( )13. Mother ____ me a new coat yesterday. I ___ it on. It fits me well.‎ A. has made…have tried B. made…have tried ‎ C. has made…tried D. made…tried ‎ ( )14.They stopped here because they_____ the way to the station.‎ ‎ A. didn’t know B. don’t know C. will know D. weren’t known ‎ ( )15---Where _______ you find your ticket? ----I __________it on the ground.‎ ‎ A. did, found　 B. do, found 　 C. were, find D. did, find ‎ ( )16. Was he at work ______? ‎ A. now B. next week C. next Sunday D. yesterday ‎( )17.--I have seen the film Titanic already. -When ‎ ‎________ you ______ it？ ‎ ‎--The day before yesterday. ‎ A. have； seen B. will； see C. did；see D. did；seen ‎( )18. We _______ trees last Sunday. So far we _____ over 3，000 trees there. ‎ A. planted；planted B. planted；have planted ‎ ‎ C. have planted；planted D. have planted；have planted 二. 填空 ‎1.He ________(fight) the big man a moment ago. ‎ ‎2.He ___________ (hurt) his leg this morning. ‎ ‎3.I listened but ___________ (hear) nothing. ‎ ‎4.That old dead man always _____ (carry) an umbrella. ‎ ‎5.The little boy stood up, ______(look) around, and then _____(run) out of the classroom ‎ ‎6.She watches TV every evening. But she ____________ (not watch) TV last night. ‎ ‎7.-What time _______ you _______ (get) to Beijing yesterday? ‎ ‎ -We __________ (get) to Beijing at 9:00 in the evening.‎ ‎8. What __________ (make) him cry just now?‎ ‎9.Last year the teacher _____ (tell) us that the earth moves around the sun.‎ ‎10. Once upon a time, there ______(live) a happy farmer.‎ ‎11. There __________ not enough people to pick apples that day. ( be)‎ ‎12.There _____ any hospitals in my hometown in 1940. ( be not)‎ ‎13. There __________ enough milk at home last week, wasn’t there?‎ ‎14. Jack ____________ (not clean) the room a moment ago. ‎ ‎15. How many people ________ (be) there in your class last term?‎ ‎16. It _____ (be) hot yesterday and most children ______ (be) outside. ‎ ‎17. There ___ (be) a football match on TV yesterday evening, but I ___ (have) no time to watch it. ‎ ‎18. Mum told me to buy some milk when I ______ to the shop(go)‎ ‎19. He _____(say) he would come to see me if he ______(have) time the next day.‎ ‎20. My mother_______ (pay) the bill. ‎ ‎21. He used to smoke,______ he?‎ ‎22. On Saturday morning I _____(play) football.‎ ‎23 .May________ (finish) her homework very late yesterday evening.‎ ‎24.Han Mei __________ (bring) her pet to the park that day.‎ ‎25. I ______(think) you were ill.‎ ‎26. _______ you _________ (have) bread for breakfast this morning?‎ ‎27.She hardly achieved A grades, _____ she?‎ ‎28.The police ________ (stop) the car and _________ (catch) the thief just now.‎ ‎29.The little Tom _______ (lie) under the umbrella last Saturday when the sun _____(shine)‎ ‎30.Uncle Wang _________ ( come )into the room and _______ ( find ) something to eat.‎ ‎31.Lily _______ ( study ) in the classroom for two hours and then _________ ( leave ).‎ ‎32..Jimmy ______ ( do ) a lot today. He ________ ( go ) shopping and ________ ( cook ) supper.‎ ‎33.The thief ______(steal) a woman’s purse and_____(run)away ‎34.What time _______ you _________ ( get ) to school this morning?‎ III改写句子 ‎1. Lucy did her homework at home.（改否定句）‎ ‎ Lucy ________ _______ her homework at home.‎ ‎2. He found some meat in the fridge.（变一般疑问句)‎ ‎ _______ he ________ _________ meat in the fridge?‎ ‎3.She stayed there for a month.（对划线部分提问）‎ ‎ ______ ______ _____ she _____ there?‎ ‎4.There was some tea in the cup.（变一般疑问句)‎ ‎ _____ there _____ tea in the cup? ‎ ‎5. I did some reading last night.(改为一般疑问句) ‎ ‎ _____ you _____ ______ reading last night?‎ ‎6.Han Meimei didn’t fly a kite, either.(变为肯定句) ‎ ‎ Han Meimei ____ a kite , ______.‎ ‎7.They found a bird in the tree yesterday.（改为反义疑问句）‎ ‎ They found a bird in the tree yesterday, _________?‎ ‎8.My mother had porridge for breakfast this morning. （改否定句）‎ ‎ My mother _____ _______porridge for breakfast this morning.‎ ‎9.They cleaned the house last Saturday（对划线部分提问）‎ ‎ ______ ______ they ______ last Saturday?‎ 七下Units11—12‎ 重点句型：‎ ‎1 What do you think of game shows ?I can’t stand them /I don’t mind them /‎ I don’t like them/I love them ‎2 What does he/she think of sitcomsc? He/She doesn’t like it .‎ ‎3 sports show /talk show /soap opera/game show/a thirteeen-year-old boy/welcome to /enjoy doing sth/think of ‎ ‎4 Don’t arrive late for class. Don’ eat in the classroom Don’t run in the hallways Don’t listen to music in the classrooms ot the hallways. Don’t fight.Don’t watch TV after school ‎ ‎ Don’t go out on school night. Do your homework after school. Practice your guiter every day.‎ ‎ help my mom make dinner ‎5 Can we wear hats in school?Yes ;we can /No,we can’t ‎ ‎ Do you have to wear a uniform at schooll?Yes,we do /No,we don’t 重点语法： ‎ 祈使句是表示请求、命令、劝告、祝愿或建议的句子。祈使句的主语一般为第二人称，但往往省去不用。同学们在学习祈使句时应注意以下几点： ‎ ‎　　一、祈使句谓语用何动词形式 ‎ ‎　　 英语祈使句的谓语总是用动词原形。如： ‎ ‎　　Be quiet！ 别说话！ ‎ ‎　　Come earlier next time. 下次早点来。 ‎ ‎　　Have a good time. 愿你玩得痛快。 ‎ ‎　　Go and tell her. 去告诉她吧。 ‎ ‎　　注：有时为了加强语气，可在动词前加 do。如： ‎ ‎　　Do be careful. 务请小心。 ‎ Do come on time. 务必请准时来。三、表现形式 ‎ ‎●肯定结构: ‎ ‎1. Do型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。如:Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。 ‎ 有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。如:This way, please. = Go this way, please. 请这边走。 ‎ ‎2. Be型(即:Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)。如:Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子! ‎ ‎3. Let型(即:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分)。如:Let me help you. 让我来帮你。 ‎ ‎●否定结构: ‎ ‎1. Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don't构成。如:Don't forget me! 不要忘记我! ‎ Don't be late for school! 上学不要迟到! ‎ ‎2. Let型的否定式有两种:“Don't + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分”和“Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分”。如:Don't let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。 ‎ ‎3. 有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如:No smoking! 禁止吸烟!No fishing! 禁止钓鱼! ‎ 二、肯定祈使句如何变成否定祈使句 ‎ ‎　　 祈使句否定式的构成方法是在动词原形前加 don’t。如： ‎ ‎　　Don’t be late. 不要迟到。 ‎ ‎　　Don’t speak so loud. 别这么大声说话。 ‎ ‎　　Don’t walk on the grass. 不要在草坪上走。 ‎ ‎　　Don’t lose the key. 别把钥匙丢了。 ‎ ‎　　Don’t come unless I telephone. 除非我打电话，否则你别来。 ‎ ‎　　三、与 ｐｌｅａｓｅ 连用以使语气委婉 ‎ ‎　　 为使语气委婉，通常将祈使句与 please 连用。please 可用于祈使句的句首（其后通常不用逗号）或句末（其前通常用逗号）。如： ‎ ‎　　Please don’t get angry. 请不要生气。 ‎ ‎　　Drive more slowly，please. 请开得慢一点。 ‎ ‎　　Please cut me a piece of cake. 请给我切一块蛋糕。 ‎ ‎　　Please try to be quiet. 请设法保持安静。 ‎ ‎　　Please repeat what you’ve just said. 请把你刚才说的话重复一遍。 ‎ ‎　　四、关于以 ｌｅｔ 开头的祈使句 ‎ ‎　　 Let’s eat out tonight. 我们今晚出去吃饭吧。 ‎ ‎　　Let me have a try. 我来试一试。 ‎ ‎　　Let me show you how to do it. 我来告诉你怎样做。 ‎ ‎　　Let every man do his best. 让每个人都人尽其才。 ‎ ‎　　Let the meat cook slowly. 把肉用慢火炖。 ‎ ‎　　注：1. 这类祈使句的否定式有两种形式。如： ‎ ‎　　Let’s not hurry. / Don’t let’s hurry. 我们不要太急。 ‎ ‎2. let 后用作宾语补足语的动词要用原形，不能用带 to 的不定式。‎ 用"let"的祈使句时，必须注意下列几点： ‎ 一、"let" 的否定句有二。如果宾语是第三人称用"Don't let....."（见例(9)）；如果宾语是第一人称，则用"Let......not" （见例(10)）： ‎ ‎(9) Don't let this type of things happen again. ‎ ‎(10) It's raining now. Let's not go out until after the rain. ‎ 二、"Let"只适用于现在时态，可以有被动语态 (the passive voice)，如： ‎ ‎(11) Let the recalcitrant criminals be sent to prison. ‎ ‎(12) Let all the dedicated capable staff be promoted. ‎ 三、"Let"后头除了是不带"to"的不定式动词 (The infinitive without"to")之外，还可以是某些适当的副词，如out, in, down, alone等： ‎ ‎(13) Let the puppy out. ‎ ‎(14) Open the windows and let the fresh air in. ‎ ‎(15) The room is too sunny. Let the blinds down. ‎ ‎(16) Let me alone, please. ‎ 四、用"Let's"时，把谈话者的对象包括在内；用"Let us"时，并不包括对方，如： ‎ ‎(17) Let's try it, shall we? ‎ ‎(18) Let us do it by ourselves, will you? ‎ 从(17)里的"shall we"和(18)里的"will you"，不难知道前者包括听话人，后者并没有。‎ ‎　　五、祈使句的反意疑问句形式 ‎ ‎　　1.在通常情况下，若陈述部分为祈使句，反意疑问句通常用 will you， won’t you， would you 等。如： ‎ ‎　　Turn on the TV， will you？把电视打开，好吗？ ‎ ‎　　Tell me the truth， won’t you？告诉我实话，好吗？ ‎ ‎　　If you want help， let me know， would you？如果你需要帮助，告诉我，好吗？ ‎ ‎　　注：若陈述部分为否定式，则反意疑问句部分只用 will you。如： ‎ ‎　　Don’t forget to post the letter， will you？请别忘了寄信。 ‎ ‎　　2. 若陈述部分为以 let 开头的祈使句，则要分两种情况： ‎ ‎　　注意 回答Let''s～的反意疑问句句型时，肯定时用Yes，let''s.否定时用NO，let''s not. 祈使句变反意疑问句的方法： 祈使句后的反意疑问句形式 a,Let's表示说话人向对方提出建议,简短问句的主语用 we表示,问句用 shall we或 shan't we 如: Let's have a cup of tea ,shall we (shan't we) b,Let me或 Let us表示听话人提出请求,问句用 will you或 won't you . Let me have a rest , will you (won't you ) c,其它的祈使句后可以加一个简短问句,使语气变得客气一些. 如:Have a rest , will you Stand up , will (won't) you ‎　　【跟踪练习】 ‎ ‎　　1. If you are tired， _________ a rest. ‎ ‎　　 A. haveB. having C. to haveD. had ‎ ‎　　2. _________ me go. It is very important for me. ‎ ‎　　 A. Do let B. Let do C. Doing letD. To do let ‎ ‎　　3. He is not honest. _________ believe him. ‎ ‎　　A. Not B. Don’t C. To not D. Not to ‎ ‎　　4. If you want to stay， let me know， _________？ ‎ ‎　　A. will you B. shall we C. do youD. do we ‎ ‎　　5. Never come late again， _________？ ‎ ‎　　A. will you B. won’t you C. do you D. does he ‎ ‎　　6. _________ up early tomorrow， or you can’t catch the train. ‎ ‎　　A. Getting B. Get C. To get D. Got ‎ ‎　　7. _________ in the street. It’s dangerous. ‎ ‎　　A. Not play B. Not to play C. Don’t play D. Don’t to play ‎ ‎　　8. Please _________ me some money， will you？ ‎ ‎　　A. lend B. lending C. to lend D. be lend ‎ ‎　　9. The film is about to begin. Please _________ seated. ‎ ‎　　A. be B. are C. is D. being ‎ ‎　　10. _________ the boxes. You may use them later. ‎ ‎　　A. Keep B. Keeping C. To keep D. Kept ‎ 将下列汉语翻译成英语。 ‎ ‎1. 请照看好您的包。 ___________________. ‎ ‎2. 让我们去学校吧! ___________________! ‎ ‎3. 亲爱的,高兴点儿! ___________________! ‎ ‎4. 不要把书放这儿。 ___________________. ‎ ‎5. 不要让猫进来。 ___________________.‎ 八年级上册 ‎ Unit 1-2‎ 重点短语 ‎1. how often 多久一次 2. as for 至于；关于 ‎3. of course 当然；自然 4. look after 照顾；照看 ‎5. on weekends 在周末 6. surf the Internet 网上冲浪 ‎7. twice a week 每周两次 8. pretty healthy 相当健康 ‎9. keep in good health 保持健康 10. try to do sth. 努力干某事 ‎11. have a cold/stomachache/a sore throat/ toothache/ fever/ headache ‎ 感冒/胃疼/喉咙疼/牙疼/发烧/头疼 ‎12. lie down and rest 躺下休息 13. see a dentist 看牙医 ‎14. see a doctor 看医生 15. be stressed out 有压力的；紧张的 ‎16. get tired 疲惫 17. stay healthy 保持健康 ‎18. get a cold 感冒 19. at the moment 此时此刻 ‎20. drink hot tea with honey 喝加蜂蜜的热茶 ‎21. a balanced diet 均衡饮食 22. listen to music 听音乐 重点句子 ‎1. What do you usually do on weekend?‎ ‎ I sometimes go to the beach.‎ ‎2. How often do you exercise?‎ ‎3. How many hours do you sleep every night?‎ ‎4. What’s your favorite program?‎ ‎5. What’s the matter?‎ ‎ I have a sore back/ cold/ stomachache/ … ‎ ‎6. Maybe you should see a dentist.‎ ‎7. I’m not feeling well.‎ ‎8. It’s easy to have a healthy lifestyle, and it’s important to eat a balanced diet.‎ ‎9. I’m sorry to hear that.‎ ‎12. That’s a good idea.‎ 交际平台 ‎(1)询问病情 What’s the matter? / What’s wrong? /What’s the trouble?‎ How long have you been like this?‎ Did you feel tired?‎ Do you have a headache?‎ ‎(2) 诉说病情 There is something wrong with …‎ I have a headache/ toothache/ …‎ Since two years ago.‎ I have a pain in …‎ I’m feeling even worse.‎ This place hurt.‎ ‎(3)医嘱 You must take this medicine three times a day with hot water.‎ You should eat less meat and more vegetables and fruits.‎ Don’t sleep too late.‎ You’d better stay in bed for a few days.‎ You will get better soon.‎ ‎ 语法知识 含how的短语的区别与使用：‎ ‎① How long，意思是“多久”，指时间的长度，一般对for或since引导的表示一段时间的状语提问。如：- How long have you been in the Party？- Since 1998.‎ ‎② How soon，意思是“多久才能”，“要到什么时候”，指将来，一般针对“in +一段时间”或soon 等将来的时间提问。如：- How soon will he come back? – In three days.‎ ‎③ How often，意思是“隔多久一次”“是否经常”，指频率，一般针对once a week，three times a day，often，sometimes，never等频度状语提问。如：-How often do you usually have an art class? –Once a week.‎ ‎④ How long/ wide/ tall/ deep/ far，意思是“多长/宽/高/深/远”，一般针对带有“数字+形容词”的内容提问。如：-How deep is the river？ -It’s about four meters deep.‎ ‎⑤ How many，意思是“多少”，针对可数名词的数量提问。如：-How many books can I borrow？-Two.‎ ‎⑥ How much，意思是“多少钱”或“多少”，针对价格或不可数名词的数量提问。如：-How much is that green dress？-Thirty dollars. 又如：-How much meat do you want？- Half a kilo.‎ 练习 I. 用所给单词的正确形式填空 ‎1. You must (try) to eat less food.‎ ‎2. Do you have a healthy lifestyle if you (exercise) every day?‎ ‎3. He (eat) fruit every day.‎ ‎4. He (like) (watch) TV. Sometimes he (watch) it for 10 hours. Now he (watch) a movie at home.‎ ‎5. She usually (exercise) three times a day.‎ ‎6. –How often do you go to the park? - (two) a week.‎ ‎7. –Do you like watching TV? –No, it is (bored).‎ ‎8. How often do you eat (health) food?‎ ‎9. She (enjoy) her meal in the restaurant now.‎ ‎10. During his (ill), he stayed indoors.‎ II. 根据提示写出单词 ‎1. Mr. Green has a f and he has to see a doctor.‎ ‎2. The exam is very i , I don’t want to fail it.‎ ‎3. My English is not good enough. I want to i it.‎ ‎4. Traditional Chinese doctors believe that a b diet is very important for staying healthy.‎ ‎5. He isn’t good at English, because he h works hard.‎ ‎6. Here are the r of the students activity survey at Green High School.‎ ‎7. My mother has a cold and she has a s throat.‎ ‎8. –What’s your favorite TV p ? -Chinese.‎ ‎9. –Mr. Green, an i from CCTV wants to visit you. ‎ ‎ -OK, I’m coming soon.‎ ‎10. –Smoking is a bad h , I think you should give it up.‎ ‎ -I see, thank you, Mr. Wang.‎ III. 单项选择 ‎1. When you’re tired,you should eat hot yang foods to healthy.‎ ‎ A. go B. grow C. stay D. leave ‎2. –I’m stressed out because my English isn’t improving. - .‎ ‎ A. You should see a doctor B. You should study hard ‎ C. You should stop learning it ‎ D. You should listen to music and relax ‎3.The Meat is expensive and eating meat is bad for your health.‎ ‎ A. too much; much too B. too much; too much ‎ C much too, much too D. much too, too much ‎4. –Why don’t you let Sue do it? -I she do it.‎ ‎ A. think; can B. think; can’t C. don’t think; can D. don’t think; can’t ‎5. It’s difficult this work today.‎ ‎ A. to finish B. finishes C. finish D. finishing ‎6. –What’s the boy standing there? - .‎ ‎ A. He’s Tim Green. B. He’s very good. ‎ C. He’s a student D. He’s reading a book ‎7. Is there wrong with your clock?‎ ‎ A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything ‎8. What kind of music do you like to ?‎ ‎ A. hear B. heard C. listen D. listen to ‎9. –How do you like the story? - .‎ ‎ A. Yes, I like. B. I don’t like C. Not at all D. It’s very interesting ‎10. Everyone sometimes.‎ ‎ A. gets tired B. are tired C. be tired D. get tired ‎11. I you to help with her English.‎ ‎ A. hope B. want C. think D. let ‎12. - do you watch TV? -I watch TV every day.‎ ‎ A. How long B. How soon C. How D. How often ‎13. –How often does Chen watch TV? -He watches TV .‎ ‎ A. Two a week B. second a week ‎ C. the second a week D. twice a week ‎14. You must take this medicine once eight hours.‎ ‎ A. even B. all C. each D. every ‎15. - ? –I have a bad cold.‎ ‎ A. How are you B. What’s the matter ‎ C. How often do you exercise D. How about you ‎16. She looks pale and weak after her illness.‎ ‎ A. kind of B. kinds of C. a kind of D. a kind ‎17. Your pen is mine.‎ ‎ A. a same to B. the same to C. a same for D. the same as ‎18. he was not rich, he bought a lot of books for his son.‎ ‎ A. But B. While C. Although D. Because ‎19. - does Michael do on weekends?‎ ‎-He often goes to the library.‎ ‎ A. How B. What C. Where D. Why ‎20. –Have you ever been to Shenzhen? -No, .‎ ‎ A. ever B. some times C. usually D. never Units3-4复习要点 一． 重点句型 ‎1.What are you doing for vacation? ‎ I’m spending time with my friends.‎ ‎2. When are you going? ------I’m going next week.‎ ‎3. How long are you staying? ------We’re staying for two weeks.‎ ‎4. How do you get to school? ------I take the bus.‎ ‎5. How long does it take? ------It takes 20 minutes.‎ ‎6. How far is it? ------It’s ten/10 miles.‎ 二． 重点短语 go camping 去野营 go hiking 去远足 spend time with friends 和朋友一起度过 ‎ send sb sth/send sth to sb 送给某人某物 show sb sth/show sth to sb 把某物给某人看 ‎ go bike riding 骑自行车旅行，兜风 go for a drive 开车兜风 go sightseeing 去观光旅游 take walks 去散步 go fishing 去钓鱼 rent videos 租碟片 vacation plan 假期计划 think about 思考，考虑 something different 不同的东西 a relaxing vacation 一次令人放松的假期 ‎ plan to do sth 计划做某事 can’t wait to do sth 迫不及待做某事 ‎ finish doing sth 结束做某事 by bus/subway 乘车/地铁 on foot 步行 have a quick breakfast 匆匆地吃完早饭 ‎ bus stop 公汽站（小） bus station 公汽站（大） be far from 远离某 depend on/upon 取决于，由…决定 英语中考复习时态系列之（五）一般将来时 ‎ ‎ 一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态以及计划、打算做某事。E.g. They will have a football match tomorrow. He will be thirty next week. She is going to buy a coat this afternoon. ‎ ‎ 其结构有如下几种: 1)will + 动词原形(will可以用于任何人称) 需要注意的是当主语是第一人称时will可以换成shall,特别是在以I或we作主语的问句中,一般用shall. e.g. Shall we go to the zoo? 2)be going to +动词原形 3)现在进行时也可表示将来,前边已经讲过,这里不在重复.‎ ‎ 第一种结构的句式变化是: 变否定句在will后边加not. 变一般疑问句把will提前. e.g. She will be back in three days. She will not be back in three days. Will She be back in three days? 第二种结构的句式变化要在be上做文章. E.g. They are going to clean their classroom. They are not going to clean their classroom. Are they going to clean their classroom? ‎ ‎ 其时间状语有如下几种 1）this引导的短语 如 this year 2）tomorrow及其相关短语 如tomorrow morning 3）next引导的短语 如 next month 4) from now on ; in the future ; in an hour 等。‎ ‎ 做题时常见错误如下：‎ 一、易忽视动词用原形形式 ‎ 例：1 He will is (be) at school next Monday.‎ ‎ 2 He is going to does (do) his homework after school.‎ ‎ 答案：1 be 2 do ‎ 解析：第一题有的同学一看he做主语就用了is，忽视了will后应加动词原形。我们在写句子时，很容易把动词丢掉，“英语句子里，动词不能少”的 规律必须要牢记。第二题中to后加动词原形，而不是用单三人称.。 ‎ 二、be going to +动词原形与will+动词原形用法不清楚 ‎ 例：我正努力学习，准备参加英语考试。‎ ‎ I am studying hard and I will try for my English exams. ‎ ‎ 答案：I am studying hard and I am going to try for my English exams.‎ ‎ 解析：“be going to” 表示计划、打算要做某事。E.g. He is going to visit his friends. 还表示某种迹象表明会发生某事.e.g. Look at the clouds. It’s going to rain. 而“Will+动词原形 ”指对将来事物的预见、表示意愿、决心。E.g. I will wait for you until you come. 在单纯预测未来时，二者可以互换，但在此题中只能用be going to，而不能用will。‎ 专项练习：‎ 一、 单选 ‎1 _____you ____a doctor when you grow up?‎ ‎ A Will; going to be B Are; going to be C Are; / D Will; be ‎2 I don’t know if his uncle _____. I think he _____ if it doesn’t rain.‎ ‎ A will come; comes B will come; will come ‎ C comes; comes D comes; will come ‎3 He will be back _____a few minutes.‎ ‎ A with B for C on D in ‎4 What time _____we meet at the gate tomorrow?‎ ‎ A will B shall C do D are ‎5 He will have a holiday as soon as he _____the work next week.‎ ‎ A finishes B doesn’t finish C will finish D won’t finish ‎ ‎6 There _____some showers this afternoon.‎ ‎ A will be B will have C is going to be D are going to have ‎ ‎7 It ____my brother’s birthday tomorrow. She _____a party.‎ ‎ A is going to be; will have B will be; is having ‎ C will be; is going to have D will have; is going to be ‎8 Li Ming is 10 years old now, next year he _____11. ‎ ‎ A is B is going to be C will be D will to be ‎ 二、 填空 ‎1 -“I need some paper.”‎ ‎ - “I ____(bring)some for you.”‎ ‎2 ____(be)you free tomorrow?‎ ‎3 They _________(not leave) until you come back.‎ ‎4 _____we_____(go) to the party together this afternoon?‎ ‎5 They want to know when the meeting _____start.‎ ‎6 I _____(go) with you if I have time.‎ ‎7 Hurry up! Or we ______(be) late.‎ ‎8 What ____you _______(do) tomorrow afternoon?‎ ‎9 Jenny ____ _____ (do) an experiment the day after tomorrow.‎ ‎10 If she isn’t free tomorrow, she _______(not take) part in the party.‎ 三、 There be结构的一般将来时易出错 例：There_________ a basketball match this afternoon. (B)‎ A is going to be B is going to have ‎ C are going to be D are going to have 答案：A 解析：There be结构的一般将来时既要符合There be结构，又要符合一般将来时。有的同学认为have当“有”讲，所以选了B，但There be结构就不成立了，此句中is是be going to中的，是由后边的单数名词决定的. ‎ 四、 be going to结构中易丢掉to ‎ 例：I’m going _______(go) school by bike tomorrow. (C) ‎ A to will go B to go to C go to D to go ‎ 答案：B 解析：由tomorrow可知是一般将来时，be going to +动词原形，所以先确定用to go , 在B、 D当中选，而go to school 是固定词组，不能因为前边有一个to而省略，这是一个易错点，需要注意。‎ ‎ 另外，在时间状语或条件状语从句中，若主句用了将来时，从句则用一般现在时，前边已经讲过,这里不在重复.‎ 八上Units5-6‎ Units5-6词组:‎ study for a (math) test 为(数学)考试而学习 go to the docter = see a doctor 看医生 have a piano lesson 上钢琴课 take acting lessons 上表演课 have to do sth 不得不做某事 go to the concert 去参加音乐课 the day before yesterday 前天 the day after tomorrow 后天 tennis training 网球训练 call sb 给某人打电话 stay/ keep healthy 保持健康 keep quiet/ clean 保持安静/干净 shopping mall/ center 购物中心 the whole day= all the day 一整天 in some ways 在某些方面 more than = over 多于, 超过 less than 不到,少于 as + adj.原级 + as 与……一样 not as/so + adj.原级 + as 与……不一样 look the same 看起来相同 make sb do sth 使得某人做某事 tell a joke/ story 讲笑话 / 讲故事 tell a lie / truth 撒谎 / 讲真话 two-week school trip ‎= two weeks’ school trip 为期两周的学校旅行 重点句型:‎ ‎1.Can you come to my birthday party? ‎ Yes,I’d loveto. /Sorry,I can’t, I have to study for a test.‎ ‎/I’m sorry. I’m playing soccer on Sunday.‎ ‎2.When is the party? It’s at seven-thirty.‎ ‎3.Tom has short hair than Sam. Tom is calmer than Sam.‎ 日常交际用语：邀请和应答（Invations and responses）‎ a.Will you come to …….?‎ ‎ Would you like to ……?‎ ‎ Can you come to……?‎ ‎ I hope you can….‎ b. Yes, I’d love/like to.‎ ‎ Yes, it’s very kind / nice of you.‎ c. I’d love/like to, but……‎ 练习:‎ ‎( )1.“Can you help me my English? “ ”.‎ ‎ A.with ;With pleasure B. for; With pleasure ‎ C. with; A pleasure D. for; A pleasure ‎( )2. “Would you like to join us in basketball?” “ but I’m afraid I have to study for my science test.”‎ ‎ A.I wouldn’t B. I’d love to C. I’d like D.I don’t like it ‎ ‎( )3.“Can you go to the movie with us on Sunday?” ‎ ‎“Of course. is it?” “5:00 in the afternoon.” ‎ ‎ A. Where B. What time C. How soon D. When ‎( )4. me carefully, boys and girls. Can you me?‎ ‎ A. Listen to; hear from B. Hear; listen to ‎ C. Hear; hear D. Listen to; hear ‎( )5. Which is bigger, sun or moon? ‎ A. a; a B. /; / C. the; / D. the; the ‎( )6.The blue skirt is than the white one.‎ ‎ A. dearB.much expensive C.expensive D. much more expensive ‎( )7. There are more students in Grade Two than .‎ ‎ A. Grade One B. other grade C. in Grade One D. any grade ‎( )8. Which would you like , this one or that one? ‎ A. very B. well C. better D. good ‎( )9. John can’t get up so as his little sister. ‎ A. earlier B. early C. more early D. very early ‎( )10. Is Tara’s book cheaper than ? ‎ A. he’s B. him C. your’s D. his ‎( )11. Thank you for me find my little cat yesterday.‎ ‎ A. help B. helps C. helped D. helping ‎( )12. —Could I please use your computer? — .‎ ‎ A. Yes, I can.B. Yes, you can’tC. Sorry, you can’t D. No, I can’t.‎ ‎( )13. I’m short, so I want to be . ‎ A. heavier B. larger C. taller D. bigger 情态动词 情态动词的语法特征:‎ ‎1) 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情, 只表示期待或估计某事的发生。‎ ‎2) 情态动词除have 外, 后面只能接不带to 的不定式。‎ ‎3) 情态动词没有人称,数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s(但是have除外)。‎ ‎4) 情态动词没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式、分词等形式。‎ 一. 情态动词have to和must ‎1) 两词都是 “必须”的意思, have to 表示客观的需要, must 表示说话人主观上的看法, 即主观上的必要 My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.　‎ 我弟弟病得厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来(客观上需要做这件事)‎ ‎ He said that they must work hard. ‎ ‎ 他说他们必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事)‎ ‎2) have to有人称、数、时态的变化,而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。‎ ‎ He had to look after his sister yesterday.‎ ‎3) 在否定结构中:don’t have to 表示 “不必”, mustn’t 表示“禁止”。‎ ‎ You don’t have to tell him about it.你不必把此事告诉他。‎ ‎ You mustn’t tell him about it.　　你一定不要把这件事告诉他。‎ ‎4) must还可以用于表示猜测,暗含很大的可能性,只用于肯定句,否定句中用can’t ‎ You must be hungry. 你一定饿了.‎ He can’t be at home. 他不可能在家.‎ 二.情态动词can与could的区别： ‎ ‎ 1. can与could都是情态动词,could是can的过去式。二者都可用于表示请求, 但是用法稍有不同。can表示一般性的请求,语气随便，常用于熟人之间或长辈对晚辈, 上级对下级的场合。 ‎ e.g. Can you tell us your story ,Tony ? (Tony,你能给我们讲讲你的故事吗?)‎ ‎ could表示有礼貌的请求,语气委婉,常用于非熟人之间或晚辈对长辈,下级对上级的场合.‎ e.g. Could you tell us if it snows in winter in Australia? Sure.‎ ‎ 请告诉我们, 澳大利亚冬天下雪吗? 当然可以。‎ 含有could表示语气委婉的句子在回答中不可用could。‎ ‎--- Could I have the television on? (我可以打开电视吗?)‎ ‎--- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.‎ ‎2. 在否定、疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。‎ ‎ He can’t be a bad man.　　 他不可能是坏人。‎ 典型例题 ‎1）---Could I borrow your dictionary? ---Yes, of course, you____.　‎ ‎ A. might　 B. will　 C. can　 D. should could表示委婉的语气,并不为时态。答语中of course,表示肯定的语气,允许某人做某事时,用can和may来表达,不能用could或might。复习:will 与you连用,用来提出要求或下命令。should与you 连用,用来提出劝告。 　‎ ‎2）---Shall I tell John about it?‎ ‎ ---No, you ___. I've told him already.　　‎ ‎ A. needn’t　　 B. wouldn’t　　 C. mustn’t　　 D. shouldn’t 答案A. needn’t不必,不用,wouldn’t 将不,不会。mustn’t 禁止,不能。 ‎ shouldn’t不应该。本题为不需要,不必的意思, 应用needn’t。‎ ‎3)---Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. --- __ .‎ ‎ A. I don’t　 B. I won’t　 C. I can’t　 D. I haven’t 答案B. will既可当作情态动词,表请求、建议、也可作为实义动词表 “意愿、意志、决心”,本题表示决心,选B。‎ 三．情态动词may 与might ‎ (1) may 与might的形式 ‎ ‎ ‎ 肯定式 否定式 缩略否定式 ‎ 现在时 ‎ may ‎ may not ‎ mayn’t ‎ 过去时 ‎ might ‎ might not ‎ mightn’t 注：mayn’t 比较少见。‎ ‎（2）may 与might的用法 ‎①表示推测,暗含不确定.‎ ‎ He may/ might arrive tomorrow. 他可能明天到.‎ ‎②表示允许,多用于肯定句和疑问句.‎ You may use my pen. Might I come in?‎ 用法点津:‎ ‎①may和 might表示许可比can和 could更正式, might含有试探和犹豫不决的意思.表示许可时,用may不用might, may not 用来表示拒绝和禁止.‎ ‎②may和 might常用来表示将要发生和正在发生的事的可能性.might不是 may的过去式,它所表示的可能性比may更小.may不用于于提问是否可能的疑问句.‎ ‎③在主句是过去式的宾语从句中总是用might而不是may.‎ 用法比较: may not can not can’t may not指”可能不”, 而can not 指”不可能”‎ ‎ It may not be true. 这可能不是真是真的. ‎ It can not be true. 这不可能是真的.‎ 四.shall 和should ‎(1)shall 的用法 ‎ shall作为情态动词的各种形式与作助动词的形式相同.‎ ‎①表示征询意见,用于第一和第三人称的疑问句.‎ Shall I take you to the hospital？ Shall we go to the zoo?‎ ‎②表示许诺,警告等,用于第二.第三人称.‎ You shall get an answer from me tomorrow. ‎ 明天你就会得到我的答复了.‎ You shall be punshied for what you”ve done. ‎ 你应当为你所做的受到惩罚.‎ 用法点津:‎ ‎(1)Shall I…?用来询问对方的意见.其肯定答语为:Yyes.please. / Yes, thank you.其否定答语为:No,please don’t./ Sorry,…如:‎ ‎---Shall I leave the door open? 我可以开着门吗?‎ ‎---Yes,please. / Sorry,I feel a little cold.‎ 好的. / 对不起,我感觉有点冷.‎ ‎(1)Shall we….?是向对方提出建议.其肯定回答:‎ Allright. /Yes,let’s.其否定回答为:‎ Sorry,I’m afried we can’t. / No,let’s not.‎ ‎---Shall we start off now? 我们现在可以开始了吗?‎ Yes let’s. / Sorry,Lucy hasn’t turned up yet.‎ 好的./对不起,露西还没来呢. ‎ ‎(1)should的用法 ‎ should是shall的过去式,用作情态动词时,他们是两个不同的词.‎ ‎①表义务和职责 We should save water.我们应该节约用水.‎ We should protect environment.我们应当保护环境.‎ ‎②表建议 ‎ You should go to see a doctor.你应当去看医生.‎ ‎ You shouldn’t always stay at home and keep playing computer games. 你不应该总是呆在家里玩电脑游戏.‎ ‎③表征求意见 What do you think I should do with the problem?‎ 你认为我应该如何处理这个问题?‎ Should I help you with the cleaning?‎ 我可以帮你打扫卫生吗? ‎ 五.will 和would ‎(1)will作为情态动词,可用于各人称,表示意愿或决心,意思是想要,打算.would表示过去的意愿和打算.‎ I will do it as soon as possible.‎ He said he would try his best to help his friend.‎ Will作为情态动词,在疑问句中用于第二人称,表示询问对方的意愿或向对方提出请求.邀请等,would表示更有礼貌,语气更为委婉的请求.‎ Will you go with us? Would you mind my opening the door?‎ 六.情态动词need Need既可以作情态动词又可以作实义动词. 作情态动词时,不可以用于肯定句中,其对比如下表所示:‎ ‎ 动词形式 各种形式 ‎ 情态动词 ‎ 实义动词 ‎ 肯定句 You need to be careful.‎ ‎ 否定句 You needn’t to be so worried.‎ You don’t need to be so worried.‎ 肯定疑问式 Need I say my telephone number again?‎ Do I need to say my telephone nunber again?‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 否定疑问式 Needn’t he come again? Need he not come again?‎ Doesn’t he need to come again? Does he not need to come again?‎ 练习：‎ 用情态动词can, can’t, may, must, mustn’t , needn’t, could 填空。 ‎ ‎1. --- _____ you come and play with us now?   ‎ ‎ --- I’m afraid I _____. I _____ do the cooking. I ____ come later.‎ ‎2. --- _____ we clean the windows today?‎ ‎    --- No, you _______. You ____ clean them tomorrow.  ‎ ‎3. --- ____ I watch TV this evening, mum?‎ ‎  --- No, you _______. Work _____ come first.‎ ‎4. --- ____ I come in, please?     ----Yes, please.‎ ‎5. Excuse me. ____ you tell me the way to the cinema?‎ 单项选择题：‎ ‎1.---Mr. Li, may I go home now? ‎ ‎----No, you _____.you should sweep the floor first.‎ A. can’t B. must C. needn’t D. can ‎2.Here’s the massage from the head teacher ：If you _____finish the work today, you _____attend party tomorrow.‎ A. don’t；won’t B. can’t; shan’t C. won’t; can’t D. can’t; won’t ‎3.I’m sorry. I _____go now. My father told me on the phone that my mother was ill.‎ A. can B. may C. have to D. think ‎4.----Let’s go dancing tonight.‎ ‎----Sorry, I_____.I have to go to a meeting.‎ A. mustn’t B. may not C. needn’t D. can’t ‎5.----Shall I book some seats for the concert?‎ ‎----____, I’ve already my homework.‎ A Yes, you may B. No, you mustn’t C. No, you didn’t D. I’d rather not ‎6.----Mum, I’ve finished my homework. _____I go out and play for a while? ‎ ‎----No, I’m afraid not. I have some other exercises for you.‎ A. Must B. May C .Would D. Will ‎7.Cars, buses and bikes ____stop when the traffic light is red.‎ A. can B .must C. may D. need ‎8. ----_____I borrow your MP3? ---Sure. Here you are. ‎ A. May B .Should C. Must D. Would ‎9.---Should I call Mary here right away?‎ ‎----No, you _____. She is on the way here.‎ A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. couldn’t ‎10.----Must I stay here for hours?‎ ‎----No, you _____. You can leave any time.‎ A. mustn’t B .needn’t C. can’t D. couldn’t ‎11.Mary_____be at home. I saw her in the library just now.‎ ‎ A. mustn’t B. have to C .shouldn’t D. can’t ‎12.----I like the party so much, but I _____go home. It’s too late.‎ ‎----What a pity!‎ A. mustn’t B. have to C. may D. can’t ‎13.----What did your P.E. teacher say about your high jump at the sports meeting? ----He said that I_____better.‎ A. can do B. am C. will do D. could do ‎14.----Look! Mr Hu is on the other side of the street.‎ ‎----It’s _____be him. He has gone to Lanzhou.‎ A. mustn’t do B. can’t C. shouldn’t D. won’t ‎15.----Must we clean the classroom now?----No, you_____. ‎ A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. aren’t ‎ ‎16.----May I go surfing alone this afternoon, Dad?‎ ‎----No, you ____. It is dangerous.‎ A. may not B. can’t C. needn’t D. don’t ‎17.----Let’s go to Taishan Park by taxi.‎ ‎----It’s not far. We _____take a taxi.‎ A. needn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. couldn’t ‎18.Alice has been in China for several years. She ____be a big girl now. ‎ A. need B. must C. can D. may ‎19.----Peter, don’t play that kind of joke any more!‎ ‎----Sorry. I _____do it again.‎ A. won’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. wouldn’t ‎20.---Must I copy the new words now?‎ ‎ ---No, you ______, you______ do it after class.‎ A. needn’t, mustn’t B. mustn’t, may C. needn’t, may D. mustn’t ,must 八上Units7—8‎ 重点短语及句型：‎ ‎1 cut up 切碎/ pour… into把…..倒入….. / put on 穿上 ‎ put… into 把…..放到……里 / turn on 打开 /turn off 关掉 turn up将音量调高 /turn down 将音量调低 ‎ mix up 混合在一起 / add… to 把…..加到……上 how many +可数名词 how much + 不可数名词 on the top of 在……顶部 /at the foot of 在……脚下 ‎2 take photos 拍照 /hang out经常出没, 闲逛 ‎ have a good time/have a great time/have a nice time /have a wonderful time/enjoy oneself 玩得开心 ‎ at the end of 在……的尽头, 在…… 的末尾 ‎ at the start /beginning of 在……的开头, 在……的开端 sleep late 睡过头, 起得晚 / on the day off 在休息日 have fun doing sth 愉快地做某事 /get wet ‎ yard sale 庭院旧货出售 /in the future 在将来 ‎ go for a drive 开车兜风 ‎3 Peel three bananas, Cut up the bananas. Put the bananas and ice cream into the blender. Pour the milk into the blender. Turn on the blender. Drink the milk shake ‎4 How was your school trip? ‎ Did your go to the zoo? Yes, I did/ No, I didn’t ‎ Were there any sharks? Yes, there are/No, there aren’t.‎ 重点语法：‎ there be 句型 ‎1. 定义：There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。‎ ‎2. 结构：(1) There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语.‎ ‎ (2) There are +复数名词+地点状语. ‎ ‎ there是引导词，在句中不充当任何成分，翻译时也不必译出。句子的主语是某人或某物，谓语动词be要与主语（某人或某物）的数保持一致。当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时，谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致。‎ eg. ① There is a bird in the tree. 树上有一只鸟。‎ ‎ ② There is a teacher and many students in our classroom. 我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。‎ ‎ ③ There are two boys and a girl under the tree. 树下有两个男孩，一个女孩。‎ ‎3. There be句型与have的区别：‎ ‎(1) There be 句型和have都表示“有”的含义。区别如下：There be表示“某处存在某物或某人”；have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”，它表示所有、拥有关系eg.‎ ‎ ①He has two sons. 他有两个儿子。‎ ‎ ②There are two men in the office. 办公室里有两个男人。‎ there be结构主要表示“某地（某时）有……”，它不能表示“所有”，即“某人（物）有……”。There be中的动词be(is, are)是“存在”的意思。there在这种句型中是引导词，没有实际词义。由there引导的这种结构，主语应放在动词be(is,are)之后，与其在数方面保持一致。其结构如下： ‎ ‎　　“there be+名词（主语）＋地点状语或时间状语。”例如： ‎ ‎（1）There are many students in the classroom. 教室里有许多学生。‎ ‎（2）There is a picture on the wall. 墙上有张画。 ‎ ‎（3）There are seven days in a week. 一周有七天。 ‎ ‎　　2．动词have表示“有”时，它通常有三个含义： ‎ A．表示“某人（在物质上的）所有。”这种情况下不能用there be替换。如： ‎ I have a new watch. 我有一块新表。 ‎ He has a good friend. 他有一个好朋友。 ‎ B．表示“某人或动物（在身体上的）长有”。这种情况也不能用there be替换。如： ‎ She has blue eyes. 她的眼睛是蓝色的。 ‎ A horse has two ears. 马有两只耳朵。 ‎ C.表示“某物体（在结构上的）装有”。这种情况可以用there be替换。如： ‎ A clock has a round face.= There is a round face on a clock. ‎ 钟上装有一个圆型的钟盘。 ‎ That room has only two windows.= There are two windows in that room. ‎ 那个房间仅装有两扇窗户。 ‎ 另外，表示“某人手中有某物”时，也用have.例如： ‎ Mary has a glass of water in her hand. 玛丽手中端着一玻璃杯水 D当have表示“包括”、“存在”的含义时，There be 句型与其可互换。‎ eg. A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week. 一个星期有七天。‎ With/have/there be用法谈 With ,have, there be都可译成“有”，但在使用上大不相同 ‎ 1、 with:介词“具有、带有、附有”之意。如：‎ It is a black cat with one black ear and two white legs.他是只长着一只黑耳朵、两条白腿的黑猫。‎ ‎ 2、have:动词“有”表示“某人或某物有”，他表示所属关系。如：I have a book.我有一本书。‎ ‎ 3、there be:表示“某地存在某物”，表示存在关系。其中there是引导词，be才是真正的谓语，在there be 结构中，主语放在be之后，be动词的变化取决于主语和句子的时态。‎ ‎ There is a book on the desk.‎ ‎ There are many students in our school.‎ ‎ There were a lot of old houses here three years ago.‎ 变脸一：否定句 ‎ There be句型的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样，在be后加上not或no即可。注意not和no的不同：not是副词，no为形容词，not a/an/any + n. 相当于no+ n.。例如： ‎ There are some pictures on the wall. →There aren't any pictures on the wall. =There are no pictures on the wall. ‎ There is a bike behind the tree. → There isn't a bike behind the tree. =There is no bike behind the tree. ‎ 变脸二：一般疑问句 ‎ There be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可，此为"调整法"。但同时要注意：当肯定句中有some时，要将其改为any（否定变化也一样）。看看下面两句是如何"改头换面"的吧： ‎ There is some water on Mars. → Is there any water on Mars? ‎ There are some fish in the water. →Are there any fish in the water? ‎ ‎ 变脸三：特殊疑问句 ‎ There be句型的特殊疑问句形式有以下三种变化： ‎ ‎① 对主语提问：当主语是人时，用"Who's+介词短语?"；当主语是物时，用"What's + 介词短语?"。注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如： ‎ There are many things over there. →What's over there? ‎ There is a little girl in the room.→Who is in the room? ‎ ‎② 对地点状语提问：提问地点当然用"Where is / are+主语?"啦！例如： ‎ There is a computer on the desk. → Where is the computer? ‎ There are four children on the playground. →Where are the four children? ‎ ‎③ 对数量提问：一般有两种句型结构： ‎ How many+复数名词+are there+介词短语？ ‎ How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语？‎ There be 句型专练 一.根据所给汉语完成句子。‎ ‎1. 桌子上有一本书和两支钢笔。There _____ a book and two pens on the desk. ‎ ‎2. 钱包里有些钱。There ____ some money in the picture. ‎ ‎3.在吉姆的书包里有一些卡片。____ _____ some cards in Jim’s bag.‎ ‎4. 里面还有其他的东西吗？_____ _____ anything else in it?‎ ‎5. 我们学校有许多班。There _____ many _____ in our school.‎ ‎6. 树上没有鸟。There _____ ______ birds in the tree.‎ 二.选择填空：‎ ‎1. Are there any maps on the wall? ___ ‎ A.There are some. B.Yes, there is. C.Yes, there is one. D.No, there are. ‎ ‎2. How many ____ are there in the picture?‎ ‎ A. woman B. women C. buy D. milk ‎3. There aren’t ___ trees near the house. There is only one. ‎ A. any B. some C. many D. much ‎4. There ___ two bowls of rice on the table. A. is B. have C. has D. are ‎5. Are there ___ houses near the river? Yes, there are . ‎ A. some, some B. any, some C. any, any D. some, any 三.句型转换：‎ ‎1. There is a woman near the house.（变复数） ‎ ‎2. There are some buses near the hill.（变单数）‎ ‎3. There are some apples in the tree.（变一般问句） ‎ ‎4. There are some oranges in the glass.（变否定句）‎ ‎5. Is there a baby in the room?（变复数）‎ ‎6. There are many beautiful flowers in the garden. (就划线部分提问) ___ ___ in the garden?‎ ‎7. There is a bookcase in my study. （变一般问句）‎ ‎ _____ _____ _____ _____ in your study?‎ ‎8. There is a soccer ball and a basketball on the floor. _____ ____ on the floor?‎ ‎9. My new dress is in the wardrobe. _____ _______ your new dress?‎ ‎10. There are some big trees behind my house. _____ _____ ______ big trees?‎ 四.there be 与have区别专练。‎ ‎1. This desk _____ four legs. 2. ______ some books on the desk.‎ ‎3. Everyone ______ a dictionary in my class. ‎ ‎4. _______ (没有) knives in the room. 5. I _____ a new sweater. ‎ ‎6. ______ some flowers and a desk in the room.‎ ‎7. ______ nothing in the bag. 8. They ______ something to eat ‎ Unit 9-10‎ 重点词组 be born 出生 stop doing sth. 停止干某事 stop to do sth. 停下别的事情来干……‎ too … to… 太…..而不能 at the age of 在……岁时 a difficult piece of music 一支很难的曲子 take part in 参加 start doing/ to do sth. 开始做某事 win first prize 获得一等奖 because of 因为 major in 主修, 专研 grow up 成长.长大 computer science 计算机科学 at the same time 同时 all over 到处,遍及 exchange student 交换生 sound like 听起来像 fashion show 时装表演会 a part-time job 一份兼职工作 hold an art exhibition 举行美术展览 keep fit 保持健康 ‎ 重点句子 ‎1. You are never too young to start doing things.‎ ‎2. She toured the US when she was fourteen.‎ ‎3. He won first prize in his group.‎ ‎4. When he was a small boy he could hum songs and difficult pieces of music.‎ ‎5. When were you / was she /he born?‎ ‎6. What are you going to be when you grow up?‎ ‎ I’m going to be a computer programmer.‎ ‎7. How are you going to do that?‎ ‎8. When I grow up, I’m going to do what I want to do.‎ ‎9. Paris sounds like a city that I could enjoy.‎ ‎ 语法知识 状语从句 ‎1. 时间状语从句 ‎ 在句中相当于时间状语的从句叫时间状语从句, 常由as soon as, when, while, as, after, before, since, ever since, until, every time, each time, next time等引导。‎ As soon as you arrive, give me a phone call. 你一到就给我来电话.‎ Mary was reading when I left. 我走的时候玛丽正在读书.‎ While I played the piano, sister did her homework. 我在谈钢琴,姐姐在做功课.‎ You can’t leave until you go through with your work. 不完成这项工作你不能走。‎ 注意: 1. 用until引导时间状语从句时, 主句应用可持续性动词,如果主句是非持续性动词,则主句用否定形式. 如:‎ I won’t go until you come back. 你回来了我再走.‎ ‎ 2. 在时间状语从句中,常用一般现在时表示一般将来时, 用一般过去时表示过去将来时. 如:‎ Don’t forget to bring your DV4000 camera here when you come. 你来的时候别忘了带DV4000摄像机.‎ ‎ 3. 在由since 引导的时间状语从句中,主句用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时. 也可用 “It is + 一段时间 + since (引导一般过去时的从句)”句型. 如:‎ He has worked in that company since he graduated from Wuhan University. 他毕业以来就一直在那个公司工作.‎ ‎2.地点状语从句 在句中相当于地点状语的从句叫地点状语从句.引导地点状语从句的常用词有 where, anywhere, somewhere等.‎ Make marks where you have questions. 在有问题的地方作出标记.‎ You can go anywhere you like. 你可以到你想去的任何地方.‎ Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成.‎ ‎3. 原因状语从句 在句中相当于原因状语的从句叫原因状语从句. 引导原因状语从句的常用词有because, as, since, for 等.‎ Roman was absent from school because he was ill. 罗曼病了, 没有上学.‎ As Parker was in a hurry, he left this bag home. 由于派克太匆忙才把包丢家里了.‎ Since everyone makes mistakes, you shouldn’t always criticize him. 既然每个人都会犯错误, 你不该总是批评他。‎ ‎4. 目的状语从句 在句中相当于目的状语的从句叫目的状语从句. 常用in order that, so that引导, 译为 “为了,以致, 以便”.‎ Rhonda spoke very slowly in order that we could follow. 朗达讲话很慢, 以便我们大家都能跟上.‎ We’ll sit in the front of the hall so that we can hear more clearly. 我们坐在大厅的前面，以便听得更清.‎ ‎5. 结果状语从句 在句中相当于结果状语的从句叫结果状语从句.常用来引导结果状语从句的引导词或短语有so that, so…that, such… that等, 译为 “如此……以致于”, “结果”.‎ Miss Gao is so kind that we all respect her. 高老师很和蔼，我们都很尊敬她.‎ This was such fine music that it was worth listening to twice. 这音乐太好了, 值得听两遍.‎ ‎6. 条件状语从句 在句中相当于条件状语的从句叫条件状语从句. 常用来引导条件状语从句的连词有if, unless, as/so long as, once等.‎ If you correct all your mistakes, your work is nice. 如果你能把所有的错误改正, 你的工作就很出色.‎ As long as you promise to go, I’ll surely go. 只要你答应去, 我当然去.‎ Once you begin, you must continue. 你一旦开始，便不可停下来.‎ You cannot succeed unless you work hard. 如果不努力， 你是不会成功的.‎ 注意: 由if 引导的条件状语从句,不管主句是用一般将来时还是一般现在时,或当主句是祈使句时, 从句都用一般现在时; 主句是过去将来时, 从句用一般过去时.‎ If the weather is fine tomorrow, we’ll go hiking. 明天天气好的话, 我们就去徒步旅行.‎ ‎7. 让步状语从句 在句中相当于让步状语的从句叫让步状语从句, 常用的引导词有though, although, even though, even if, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever, whosever, whenever, wherever, however 等.‎ Although/ Though Toby works very hard, (yet) she makes very slow progress. 尽管托比很努力,但进步还是不大。‎ Even though/ if you say so, I do not believe it. 即使你这么说，我也不信.‎ Whatever you do, you should do it well. 不管做什么事, 都要做好.‎ ‎8. 比较状语从句 用来进行比较的状语从句叫比较状语从句,常用来引导比较状语从句的连词有as…as, not as/so …as, than等.‎ Carol speaks English as well as you do.卡罗尔英语说得和你一样好.‎ He does not run so fast as his brother. 他不如他弟弟跑得快.‎ Burton was more successful than we had expected. 伯顿比我们想象的要成功得多.‎ ‎9. 方式状语从句 在句中用作方式状语的从句叫方式状语从句, 常用来引导方式状语从句的连词主要有as, as if, as though等.‎ You should do as I tell you. 你应当按我告诉你懂得去做.‎ It looks as if/ as though it is going to rain. 看来要下雨了.‎ 练习 ‎1. If it sunny tomorrow, I fishing in South Lake.‎ ‎ A. is, go B. will be, go C. is, will go D. will be, will go ‎2. –I’m sorry to hear that Bill failed exam again.‎ ‎ -Don’t worry about him. I’m sure that he will never give up until he ‎ ‎ .‎ ‎ A. succeed B. succeeds C. succeeded ‎3. –Lucy, what about going camping if it tomorrow?‎ ‎ -Sounds great!‎ ‎ A. didn’t rain B. doesn’t rain C. won’t rain D. hasn’t rain ‎4. There is going to a sports meeting next week. If it , we’ll have to cancel it.‎ ‎ A. be, will rain B. have, will rain C. be, rains ‎5. –Could you please tell Peter that I want to talk to him?‎ ‎ -Sure. I will let him know as soon as he back.‎ ‎ A. comes B. came C. has come D. will come ‎6. You do much better you’re more careful with your spelling.‎ ‎ A. if B. before C. although D. unless ‎7. Peter was tired that he couldn’t continue running.‎ ‎ A. very B. too C. so ‎8. It was snowing hard, we had to stay at home and watch TV.‎ ‎ A. that B. so C. but D. because ‎9. –Why did you come to school late this morning?‎ ‎ - I watched the Football World Cup until 12 o’clock last night.‎ ‎ A. If B. Because C. Since D. though ‎10. My grandma didn’t go to sleep I got back home.‎ ‎ A. where B. until C. as soon as D. while ‎11. –Mary, what about going boating if it tomorrow?‎ ‎ -Good idea.‎ ‎ A. not rain B. will rain C. doesn’t rain D. won’t rain ‎12. Ask your friend to call me back as soon as she back tomorrow.‎ ‎ A. will come B. comes C. coming ‎13. –Jack, you look tired today. What’s wrong?‎ ‎ -I was busy I didn’t go to bed until midnight yesterday.‎ ‎ A. too, to B. enough, to C. so, that D. such, that ‎14. –Tell him about the news when he , John. –Yes, I will.‎ ‎ A. comes B. will come C. would come D. is coming ‎15. I tried to call you I heard from him, but you were not in.‎ ‎ A. since B. while C. until D. as soon as ‎16. It ten years since we last in Beijing.‎ ‎ A. was, met B. has been, met C. was, meet D. is, meet ‎17. None of us knew what had happened we heard the news on radio.‎ ‎ A. after B. until C. when ‎18. Mrs Shute wouldn’t leave the TV set, her children were waiting for their supper.‎ ‎ A. if B. because C. even though D. as soon as Units11-12‎ 重点句型 ‎1.Could you take out the trash? ----Sure.‎ ‎2.Could I borrow the car? ‎ ‎-----Sorry,but I need it.I have to go to a meeting.‎ ‎3.I have to make the bed and do the laundry.‎ ‎4.what’s the best cinema? ‎ ‎-----Showtime Cinema.It’s the cheapest.‎ ‎5.Jason’s has good quality clothes.It’s better than Trendy Teens.‎ ‎6.Jason’s is the best store in town.‎ 重点短语 ‎1．do chores 干家务，做杂事 2.do the dishes 洗餐具 ‎ ‎3.do the laundry 洗衣服 4.sweep the floor 扫地 ‎ ‎5.take out the trash 倒垃圾 6.make the bed 铺床 ‎ ‎7.fold the clothes 叠衣服 8.clean the living room 清理客厅 ‎9.stay out late 呆在外面很晚 10.get a ride 搭车 ‎ ‎11.work on 从事，忙于 ‎ ‎12.in a fun part of town 位于市区好玩的地段落 ‎ ‎13.friendly service 友好的服务 ‎14.comfortable seats 舒适的座位 ‎ ‎15.do a survey 做一个调查 ‎ ‎16.dance to music 随着音乐跳舞 ‎“提出建议”与“发出邀请”的几种句型 ‎ ‎【提出建议的句型】‎ 句型一: Would you like / love (to do) sth.?‎ ‎ 这是一个很委婉的表示建议的句型,并带有与对方商量的意味,意为“你想要(做)……吗?”。如:‎ ‎ —Would you like to go to the cinema with me?‎ ‎ —Yes. I’d like / love to. ‎ 句型二:Shall I / we do sth.?‎ ‎ 此句型是用来提建议或征求对方意见的,意为“我(们)做……好吗?”,语气委婉,商量的语气较浓。如: ‎ ‎ Shall we go to the zoo? ‎ 句型三:Let's do sth.‎ ‎ 当你觉得可以直截了当地向对方提出建议,让对方和自己一起去做某事时,常用该句型,意为“咱们做……吧。”该句型后常加附加问句“shall we?”,使语气更加委婉。如:‎ ‎ Let’s listen to this tape, shall we? ‎ 句型四:主语+had(‘d) better (not) do sth..‎ ‎ 该句型用于表示对下级、晚辈的劝告,往往带有命令、强制的语气,意为“某人最好(不要)做某事”。如:‎ ‎ You’d better go to hospital at once. ‎ 句型五:Why not do sth.?‎ ‎ 该句型是Why don’t you / we do sth.?的省略式,表示向对方提出一种建议或询问某种原因,暗含有责备对方的意思,意为“为什么不……?”。如:‎ ‎ Why not go and ask your teacher?‎ ‎ =Why don’t you go and ask your teacher?‎ 句型六:What / How about (doing) sth.?‎ ‎ 如果是在讨论式的谈话中,可用该句型提出一个建议或引出一个新话题。如:‎ ‎ What about meeting outside the school gate?‎ ‎ —My father is a worker.‎ ‎ —What / How about your mother?‎ ‎【接受建议的应答语】Yes, please. / OK. / Certainly. / Good idea. / That’s a good idea! / What a good idea!/ All right. / Sure. / With pleasure. / Yes, Let’s ... / I would be glad to. / Yes, I’d like / love to.‎ ‎【不接受建议的应答语】No, thanks. / Sorry, we can’t. / Sorry, you can’t. / I’d like / love to, but ...等。‎ ‎【发出邀请的句型】‎ 句型一:I’d / We’d like to invite sb. to ... 意为“我 / 我们想邀请某人……”。如:‎ ‎ I’d like to invite you to my birthday party. ‎ 句型二:I hope you can do ...意为“我希望你能……”。如:‎ ‎ I hope you can go to the cinema with us.‎ 句型三:Will you please do sth.?意为“请你做……好吗?”。如:‎ ‎ Will you please come to my home, Mary?‎ 句型四:Do you want (to do) sth.?意为“你想要(做)……吗?”,常用于好朋友和家庭成员之间。如:‎ ‎ Do you want to come with us? ‎ 句型五:Would you like / love to do sth.?意为“你愿意做……吗?”。如:‎ ‎ Would you like to meet my family? ‎ 句型六:You’d better do ... 意为“你最好做……”。如:‎ ‎ You’d better go with me.‎ ‎【接受邀请的应答语】‎ ‎1. Yes. With pleasure. / Yes, I’m glad to.‎ 是的,我很愿意。‎ ‎2. That’s very kind of you. Thank you. / It’s very nice of you. Thank you. / That would be very nice. Thank you. 你太好了,谢谢你!‎ ‎3. I’d love to come. Thank you for inviting / asking me. 我很高兴来,感谢你邀请我。 ‎ ‎4. Yes / Certainly / Sure. I’d like / love to.‎ 是的,我很愿意去。‎ ‎【拒绝邀请的应答语】‎ ‎1. I’d love / like to, but I have to ...‎ 我很想去,但我不得不……‎ ‎2. I’m very sorry, but I can’t ...‎ 很抱歉,可我不能……‎ ‎3. That’s very kind of you, but I’m afraid ...‎ 你真是太好了,不过我恐怕……‎ ‎4. Sorry, but I can’t. Thank you all the same.‎ 对不起,但我不能,谢谢你。‎ ‎[跟踪练习] 根据语境,选出最佳选项。‎ ‎( )1. —I hope you can come to my birthday party next Sunday.‎ ‎— _____________.‎ A. Yes, you can B. Certainly! It’s here C. Not at all D. Of course. With pleasure ‎( )2. —Would you like to come to my office this afternoon?‎ ‎—I’d love to, _______ I’m too busy. ‎ A. so B. but C. as D. and ‎ ‎( )3. —Why not go camping this weekend?‎ ‎— _______________.‎ A. You are right B. Good idea ‎ C. That’s right D. Never mind ‎( )4. —The room is so dirty. ________ we clean it?‎ ‎—Of course.‎ A. Will B. Would C. Do D. Shall ‎ ‎( )5. —Would you like to drink some juice?‎ ‎—Thanks. __________, but I have drunk a lot of tea. ‎ A. I’d love to B. I think so ‎ C. I’m afraid not D. I don’t think so ‎ ‎( )6. Be careful! The water is too hot. You’d better ____________ it right now.‎ A. do not drink B. not to drink C. not drink D. not drinking 语法归纳：宾语从句复习要点 ‎ 学习宾语从句,我们应该注意三个方面：连接词、语序和时态。‎ 一、连接词 ‎ ‎1. that引导宾语从句时,that只起连接作用,不充当句子成分,也没有词义,常可省略。如:‎ ‎●I know(that) he is a Canadian athlete. ‎ ‎2. whether或if引导宾语从句时,whether或if在句中不充当句子成分,意为“是否”,不可省略。如:‎ ‎●I don’t know whether/ if my parents agree with me. ‎ 注意:与or not直接连用时只能用whether不可用if。如:‎ ‎●He didn’t say whether or not he would be staying here.‎ ‎3. what, who, whose, which等连接代词和when, where, how, why等连接副词引导宾语从句时,这些词在从句中充当一定的句子成分,都有各自的词义,不能省略。如:‎ ‎●He didn’t understand what the teacher said. ‎ ‎●I don’t know when we will have a meeting. ‎ 二、语序 ‎1. 在含有宾语从句的复合句中,宾语从句须用陈述句语序。如:‎ ‎●Do you know where he lives? ‎ ‎2. 当主句的谓语动词是 think, believe, guess, suppose, imagine, expect等词时,宾语从句中的否定词常常转移到主句中,译为汉语时,仍把从句翻译成否定的意思。否定转移句的主语一般是第一人称。如:‎ ‎●I don’t think (that) Tom is wrong. ‎ 我认为汤姆没错。‎ 三、时态 ‎1. 当主句的谓语动词是现在时态或一般将来时的时候,宾语从句的谓语动词可根据需要使用各种时态。但如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,宾语从句的谓语动词也必须使用相应的过去时态。如:‎ ‎●I want to know how he came yesterday. ‎ ‎●She asked if he was leaving for Beijing soon. ‎ ‎2. 宾语从句表述的是客观事实或普遍真理时,不管主句的谓语动词是什么时态,宾语从句仍使用一般现在时。如:‎ ‎●The teacher told us that the moon moves around the earth.‎ ‎ 用法注意 一、if和when既能引导宾语从句,又能引导状语从句。因此,一定要认清它们一种形式的“两副面孔”,从而准确地判断句子的类型。如:‎ I don’t know if / when he will come tomorrow. (宾语从句) ‎ ‎ If / When he comes, I’ll tell you about it.(状语从句)‎ 二、 宾语从句与简单句 ‎ 含有宾语从句的复合句有时可以变为简单句。该知识点在句型转换的题型中经常会作为考点出现。现归纳如下:‎ ‎1. 在某些由疑问词(why除外)引导的宾语从句的复合句中,当从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,原复合句可以变为简单句。‎ ‎【变法】把宾语从句转换为“疑问词+动词不定式”结构作主句谓语动词的宾语。如:‎ I want to know how I can open the door.‎ ‎→I want to know how to open the door. ‎ ‎2. 在某些由疑问词(why除外)引导的宾语从句的复合句中,当从句的主语与主句谓语动词的间接宾语一致时,原复合句可以变为简单句。‎ ‎【变法】把宾语从句转换为“疑问词+动词不定式”结构作主句谓语动词的复合宾语。如:‎ Could you tell me how I can get to the post office?‎ ‎→Could you tell me how to get to the post office?‎ ‎3. 在某些由that引导的宾语从句的复合句中,当从句的主语与主句的主语不一致时,原复合句可以变为简单句。‎ ‎【变法】原复合句可变为“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”的句型。如: ‎ We found that the boy was very clever.‎ ‎→We found the boy very clever. ‎ I saw that they were playing basketball there. ‎ ‎→I saw them playing basketball there.‎ Exercises ‎1.I want to know_____the day after tomorrow.‎ A.what he will do B.what will he do ‎ ‎ C.what he did D.what did he do ‎2.---Could you please tell me_______?‎ ‎ ----It’s next to the post office.‎ A.where is the supermarket. B.where the supermarket is C. where was the supermarket D.where the supermarket was ‎3.No one can be sure_____in a million years.‎ A.what man looks like B.what will man look like C.man will look like what D.what man will look like ‎4.---Could you tell me______tomorrow morning?‎ ‎ ----Well,it will start at 9:00 o’clock.‎ A.when the meeting will start B.where will the meeting start C.where the meeting starts D.when the meeting would start ‎5.---Could you tell me how long______the book?‎ ‎ ---Three days.‎ A. I can keep B.Can I borrow ‎ C.I can borrow D.can I keep ‎6.Liu Ling’s mother wanted to know______.‎ A.if she studied hard at school ‎ ‎ B.how did she study at school C.what did she study at school ‎7.Excuse me,could you please tell me which gate______?‎ A.we have to go to B.we had to go to ‎ ‎ C.do we have to go to D.did we have to go to ‎8.Can you describe_______?‎ A.what your friend is like B.how your friend is like C.what does your friend look like D.how your friend looks like ‎9.---Can you make sure______?‎ ‎ ---Sorry,I can’t.But I did see her just now.‎ A.where did she go B.where she had gone C.where she has gone D.where will she go ‎10.He asked his classmate where_______.‎ A.does his teacher see the film B.his teacher saw the film C.did his teacher see the film ‎11.---By the way,do you know the National Spelling Bee?‎ ‎ ---No,I never heard of it. Tell me_______,please.‎ A.what is it B.what it is C. it is what D.is it what ‎12.Our teacher asked me_______.‎ A.what was Ann doing these days ‎ B.why Peter didn’t come to school yesterday C.when will the dolphin show begin ‎ D.how long I usually spend on my homework ‎13.“Excuse me,do you know ______?” “Sorry,I don’t know.”‎ A.where is No.1 Middle School ‎ B.where No.1 Middle School is C.No.1 Middle School is where ‎ D.No.1 Middle School where is ‎14.---How does she come to school?‎ ‎ ---Pardon?‎ ‎ ---I asked how ______ to school.‎ A.did she come B.she came C.does she come ‎15.Do you know ______ this time yesterday?‎ A.what she is cooking B.what is she cooking C.what she was cooking D.what was she cooking ‎16.The teacher asked Lucy_______.‎ A.where does she come from B.what did she like best C.if she could speak Chinese D.when was she born ‎17.Don’t worry.I’ll tell Mr.Green_______he comes back.‎ ‎ A.when B.how C.why D.where ‎18.---We can use MSN to talk with each other on the Internet.‎ ‎ ---Really? Will you please show me________?‎ ‎ A.how can I use B.how I can use ‎ C.how can I use it D.how I can use it ‎19.The foreigner asked me______ I could speak English.‎ ‎ A.if B.what C.that ‎20.The shoes are neither cheap nor comfortable. I can’t understand_______ women like buying them.‎ ‎ A.why B.when C.whether D.how 八下Units1-2‎ 重点词组：‎ in 100 years 100年以后 space station 太空站 fall in love with sb. / sth.爱上某人/某物 go skating 去滑冰 dress casually穿着随意 the World Cup世界杯 come true变成现实 be used by被…使用 science fiction科幻小说 in the future将来 help with在…给予帮助 help do sth. 帮助做… the same as… 和….一样 wake up醒来 over and over again再三地,反复地 a hundred year ago 100年以前 Unit2词汇 keep out不许进入,阻止在外 out of style过时 argue with sb.=have an argument with sb.与某人争吵 in style = be fashionable 时尚,时髦 write sb. a letter.=write a letter to sb. 给某人写信 buy sb. sth.= buy sth for sb. 为某人买某物 call sb.up = ring sb. up = make a telephone to sb.‎ 给某人打电话.‎ on the phone 通电话 need to do sth.需要做某事 pay for sth. 付款 borrow sth from sb. 向某人借某物 ask sb.for sth. 向某人要某物 find out 查明事实真相 plan sth. for sb. 为某人计划某事 do wrong 做错事 leave sth somewhere把某物落在某处 fail a test考试失败 pass a test 通过考试 get on 相处,进展 get on well相(人)处好,（工作）进展顺利 have a fight with sb.跟某人打架 get on well with sb.与某人相处融洽 complain about抱怨… fit…into找到时间做…‎ return = come back = give back = get back回来,归还,给回 return sb sth = return sth to sb. 归还某人某物 look up(在词典工具书中)查询,查阅 not …until直到…才 compare A with B 拿A跟B比 on (the )one hand 一方面 ‎ on the other hand 另一方面 重点句型:‎ ‎1.What do you think life will be like in 100 years?‎ ‎2.Every home will have a robot.‎ ‎3.Will kids go to school? ‎ No, they won’t. They ‘ll study at home.‎ ‎4.There will be fewer trees.‎ ‎5.My brother plays his CD too loud. ‎ What should I do ?‎ Why don't you talk to him about it?‎ 知识清单一: 不定代词 不明确代指某个人、某个事物、某些人、某些事物的代词叫不定代词。如: all, both, each ,every, some, any等。它们没有主格和宾格之分，在句中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语。由于英语中不定代词数量较多，用法也较灵活，前面我们已就其中的大部分在词汇里作了讲述，在这里这只着重讲述一下复合代词的作用及用法。‎ 复合代词指的是有some-, any-, every-, no- 与-one,-body,-thing构成的词，具体如下表所示：‎ ‎ 后缀 前缀 ‎-one ‎-body ‎-thing ‎ some-‎ someone somebody something any-‎ anyone anybody anything ‎ every-‎ everyone everybody everything no-‎ no one/none nobody nothing ‎1.这些词在句中的作用相当于名词，可作主语、宾语、表语、补足语等。‎ Somebody must have been using my books. They are all mess on the shefl. ‎ 肯定有人用过我的书，因为它们乱七八糟放在书架上。（作主语）‎ Have you got anything else to say before you leave?‎ 走之前，你还有什么话要说吗？(作宾语)‎ What I get for you is something you are intersted in.‎ 我带来的是你感兴趣的东西。（做表语）‎ ‎2.some-类符合不定代词主要用于肯定句中，any-类复合不定代词主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件句。当some-类复合不定代词用于疑问句和条件句时，表示肯定的意义。当any-类用于肯定句时表示“任何”之意。‎ I haven’t seen anybody around here that I can turn to for help. (anybody用于否定句，表示“任何人”。)‎ 在这周围，我没找到任何能帮助我的人。‎ Does someone here know Lily’s telephone number?‎ ‎(some用于疑问句，表明说话者期待着肯定的回答。)‎ 这儿有人知道莉莉的电话号码吗？‎ ‎3.由-one和-body构成的不定代词可以相互换用，只是前者较文雅。‎ Someone/Somebody seems to have been here.‎ 似乎有人来过这里。‎ ‎4.形容词修饰复合不定代词，应该形容词置于其后。在需要强调的时候，偶尔将形容词置于复合不定代词之前。‎ There’s nothing important in today’s newspaper.‎ 今天报纸上没有什么重要的新闻。‎ If you want to get something successful, you are to work twice as hard.‎ 如果你系那个获得某些成功，就应该加倍努力。‎ ‎5.复合不定代词后可加-‘s构成所有格。‎ There’s somebody’s backpack left in the classroom.‎ 某人的书包落在了教室里了。‎ It’s anybody’s plan,not time.‎ 谁知道这是谁的计划，反正不是我的。‎ ‎6.复合不定代词后常加else表示“另外….的”。‎ I cannot finish the work on time. Can someone else come to help me out?‎ 我不能按时完成这项工作了，有没有人能帮我一下？‎ There’s already five people included in our guoup.‎ Does anything else would prefer to join.‎ 我们组已经有有五个人了，还有想加入的吗？‎ 知识清单二：疑问代词 疑问代词是用来表达疑问或构成疑问的代词。疑问代词有主格，宾格和属格之分，在句中所作的成分也不相同，具体如下表：‎ 语法功能 形式 主语 宾语 表语 定语 可跟of ‎ 短语 指人 who ‎ √‎ ‎√‎ ‎ ‎ whom ‎√‎ ‎√‎ whose ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎ ‎ 指物 which ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ what ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ 这些疑问代词各有其不同的含义，各有其不同的用法，下面我们就讲述一下它们的具体用法。‎ ‎1.who与whom who意为“谁”，既可以指单数，也可以指复数，在句中主要作主语，宾语和表语。Whom在句中只能作动词宾语和介词表语。‎ Who put the light out before I finishd my work?‎ 谁在我做完作业前把灯熄灭了？（作主语）‎ Whom/Who have you chosen to take part in the sports meeting?‎ 你选了谁参加运动会？（作chosen的宾语）‎ who和whom作宾语时一般不可通用，但介词后的宾语只能用whom，不可用who。但如果whom不在介词后，也可以用who.‎ To whom do you usually turn when in trouble?‎ Whom/who do you usually turn to when in trouble?‎ 当你处于困境时，通常向谁求助?‎ ‎2.whose whose表示“谁的”，即可置于名词前，作定语，也可单独使用。在句中，可作主语，宾语，表语和定语。‎ They are all good at maths,but whose is the best?‎ 他们都擅长数学，但谁的最好?（作主语）‎ Whose do you like better, Jack’s or Sally’s?‎ 你更喜欢谁的呢，杰克的还是纱丽的？(做宾语)‎ Both Jim and Jack speak English. Whose pronunciation is better?‎ 吉姆和杰克都说英语，谁的发音更好呢？（作定语）‎ Heven has already taken her bag away. Whose is this？‎ 海伦已经把她的书包拿走了，这是谁的呢？（作表语）‎ whose既可指单数，也可指复数。‎ Whose is this album of stamps of 2003?‎ ‎= Whose album of stamps of 2003 is this?‎ 这本2003年集邮册是谁的？‎ Whose are those packages of cookies?‎ ‎=Whose packages of cookies are those?‎ 这几包甜饼是谁的？‎ ‎3.which which意为“哪一个，哪一些”，既可指人也可指物，既可指名词的单数，也可指复数。在句中作主语，宾语，定语等。‎ Which is more interesting,this book or that one?‎ 这两本书哪一本更有趣？（作主语）‎ I don’t know which to choose.‎ 我不知道该选哪一个。(作choose的宾语)‎ Which cities are you going to visit this summer?‎ 今年夏天你打算参观哪些城市？‎ ‎4.what what意为“什么”，可单独使用，也可放在名词前。在句中可作主语，宾语，表语，定语。‎ What makes you love your hometown so much?‎ 是什么使你这么热爱你的故乡？（作主语）‎ What do you usually do on Sunday?‎ 星期天你常作什么？（作宾语）‎ What are your parents?(作主语)你的父母是干什么的？‎ What interests do you have?(作定语)你有什么兴趣？‎ 用法比较 (1) what和which的用法区别 what常泛指“哪一类”，which常在具体的范围内做出选择。‎ Which color do you like better,purple or pink?‎ 紫色和粉红色，你喜欢哪一种？‎ ‎（在紫色和粉红色中进行选择）‎ What color do you like?‎ 你喜欢什么颜色？（没有指定选择的范围）‎ ‎（2）what和who的用法区别 What is your father?你爸爸是做什么的？（询问职业）‎ ‎--- Who is the man?那个人是谁？（询问身份）‎ ‎--- He is my brother.他是我的哥哥。‎ 知识清单三:相互代词 One another和each other表示相互关系，所以叫相互代词。在剧中常用作宾语和定语。作定语时，在第二个词尾加’s.‎ One another表示两者以上的相互关系，each other表示两者的相互关系，但现在一般多用each other代替one another.如：‎ We must help each other and learn from each other.‎ 我们必须学习互相帮助。‎ 知识清单四:关系代词 用法见定语从句中的有关内容。‎ 知识清单五: it的用法 ‎1.代替前文提到的人物，事物或事件。如：‎ Who’s it? It’s me.是谁？是我。‎ My watch is missing. I can’t find it anywhere.‎ 我的手表丢了，我到处找不到它。‎ Don’t read in the sun. It’s bad for your eyes.‎ 别在阳光下看书，这对你的眼睛有害。‎ ‎2.指时间、自然现象、日期和距离等。如：‎ It is time for lunch。该吃午饭了。‎ It is a long way from here to the zoo。‎ 从这里到动物园有一段很长的路。‎ It is raining now。正在下雨。‎ ‎3.代替指示代词this，that。如：‎ What is this？It is a computer。‎ 这是什么？它是一台计算机。‎ ‎4.作形式主语或形式宾语。‎ 可用作形式主语，将真正的主语（一般是动词不定式、主语从句等）移到后面。如：‎ It took me two hours to do my homework。‎ 花了我两个小时来做家庭作业。‎ 可用作形式宾语，将真正的宾语（一般是动词不定式、宾语从句）放在宾语补足语后面 I found it very difficult to work out this problem。‎ 我发现算出这到题很难。‎ 知识清单六:‎ 替代词one, ones, the one, the ones, that, those, it的用法区别 替代词可以用来替代句中或上文中已提到的名词，以避免重复。但我们应注意他们所使用的场合。‎ ‎1.One通常替代上文中出现过的可数名词为中心词组的整个名词，指同类异物。One的复数形式是ones。One和ones既可指人也可指物，意思是指与有关名词同类型的另一个（或另一些）。通常用one代替可数名词，用ones代替复数可数名词。如：‎ I have lost my pen，I am going to buy one。‎ 我的钢笔丢了，我要去买一只。‎ I have a new coat and several old ones。‎ 我有一件新大衣和几件旧的。‎ one前可用this，that修饰，但ones前不能用these或those修饰，除非one前有形容词。‎ I prefer this one to that one。我喜欢这个，而不喜欢那个。‎ These yellow ones are so small。I want those green ones。‎ 这些黄的太小，我要那些绿的。‎ one和ones前面不能用物主代词。如：‎ This is my apple and that is yours 。这是我的苹果，那是你的 one和ones前面有修饰词时，可以加冠词，有时the ones和those可互换使用，但要求后面有修饰语。‎ I do not like this pen .Show me a better one。‎ 我不喜欢这支钢笔，再给我好一点的看看。‎ ‎2. that 作为代词用来代替上文中出现的名词,它表示与前面同类的东西.‎ that既可代替可数名词,又可代替不可数名词,常要求有后置定语，一般不指人。如：‎ The price of wheat is higher than that of rice. 小麦的价格比大米高。‎ that one 用来指代同类事物中特指的另一个,可与that替换.如：‎ This story is not so interesting as the one / that we heard last night.‎ 这个故事不如我们昨晚听到的那一个有趣。‎ 另外,that可代替上文中全句的内容,it和one则不能.如:‎ He will ask me to lend him some money and I can’t do that.‎ 他问我借点钱，可我不能借。‎ We see him when he comes to town,but that isn’t often.‎ 他进城时我们能见到他,但是这种情况不常有.‎ ‎3.those可用来代替可数名词的复数,表示特指。有时the ones和those可互换使用,常要求有后置定语.如: ‎ The students in our class work harder than those in their class.‎ 我们班的同学比他们班的同学学习更刻苦。‎ ‎4. it代指前面提到过的名词,而且就是那个名词,即同类事物. It可以替代单数可数名词和不可数名词,如:‎ ‎ Do you want the magazine? Yes, I want it.‎ ‎ 你想要这本杂志吗？是的，我要。‎ ‎ I don't want to drink the tea. It is too hot.‎ ‎ 我不想喝这茶，它太热了。‎ 练习:‎ ‎1.－How many of these books have you read？ ‎ ‎ ______of them . Every one . ‎ A．Many B. Some C.All D.None ‎2.—Have you heard of the accident about Lucy and her father？‎ ‎—Accident？ No,I have’t . Tell me about_____.‎ A.it B.her C.him D.them ‎3.We’ve got two TV sets , but____ of them works well.‎ A.any B.both C.either D.neither ‎4.I haven’t checked my emails today , because there’s____ wrong with my computer.‎ A. something B.anything C.anything D.nothing ‎5.－When shall we go to the park, this moring or this afternoon? ‎ ‎－ ___is OK. I’m free the whole day.‎ A.Either B.Neither C.None D.Both ‎ ‎6.－ Is there _____ in today’s newspaper?‎ ‎－Yes. Shenzhou VII will be sent up into space in the near future.‎ A.nothing new B.new nothing ‎ C.anything new D.new anything ‎ ‎7.－Is ____ ready for the journey?‎ ‎－No. We haven’t got a camera.‎ A .everthing B. something C.nothing D. anything ‎8.Mr Watson won’t be here next week, and_______.‎ ‎ A.neither his wife will B. neither his wife won’t C.his wife won’t neither D. his wife won’t either ‎ ‎9.－Oh, these presents are so nice .‎ ‎－The CD is form Betty and the books are from____.‎ A.I had Helen B.Helen and me ‎ C. Helen’s and mine D. Helen and I ‎10.－ Do you live alone . Mr Wang ?‎ ‎－Yes , I have tow children. But _______ of them lives with me. They are now studying in England.‎ A.both B. none C.neither ‎ ‎11.It rained heavily yesterday , but ______ of the students was late for school.‎ A.both B.all C.none ‎12.China has a much ____population than _____.‎ A.larger, Russia B.more , Russia ‎ C.larger, that of Russia D.more, that of Russia ‎ ‎13.“Who’ s your English teacher ?” “Miss Gao . She teaches____English very well.” ‎ A.our B.us C. ours D.we ‎14.This isn’t my schoolbag ._______ is in my desk ,‎ Mabe it’s his .‎ A.Mine B.My C. Me ‎ ‎15.The pears in my basket are smaller than ______ in Jim’s.‎ ‎ A.it B.that C.ones D.those ‎16.－ ________ will make your grandma happy if you buy a walking stick for her birthday,I guess.‎ ‎ －It sounds a good idea! She has some problems walking now.‎ A.That B.It C.This D.What ‎17.There are two new buildings near the sea, and ______ of them are very tall.‎ A.none B.all C.neither D.both ‎ ‎18.－What do you do on Saturday mornings?‎ ‎ － _______ much. Isleep until none.‎ ‎ A. Something B.Nothing C.Anything D.Everything 八下Units3---4‎ 重点短语 in front of 在---前面 get out of 从---里面出来 ‎ take off （飞机等）起飞，脱下（衣帽等）‎ an unusual experience 一次非同寻常的经历 ‎ walk down 沿着----走 jump up/down 跳上跳下 ‎ run away 逃跑，跑开 next to 在---隔壁，紧挨着 ‎ shout at 朝---叫喊，呼喊 at the doctor’s 在医院，在诊所 ‎ hear about 听说 everyday activity 日常的活动 ‎ take place 发生 a national hero 一名民族英雄 be mad at sb =be angry with sb 生某人的气 ‎ first of all =at first 起初，首先 not any more 不再，再也不 pass on sth to sb 把---传给某人 ‎ leave a message 留口信 take a message 捎口信 ‎ be supposed to 被期望---，被要求做---‎ be good at =do well in 在---方面做的好，擅长于 ‎ in good health 身体健康 ‎ end—of--year exams 期末考试 report card 成绩单 ‎ a disappointing result 一个令人失望的结果 ‎ copy one’s homework 抄某人的作业 get over 克服，原谅，恢复 open up 打开 outside world 外面的世界 ‎ a good start 一个好的开端a good influence 一个好的影响 ‎ in danger 在危险中 重点句型 The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed .‎ While the boy was walking down the street , the UFO landed . ‎ What were you doing when the UFO landed .‎ She said she was mad at Marcia She said she was having a party for Linda.‎ He told me he would call me tomorrow /the next day ‎ She said she could speak three languages.‎ 过去进行时 一、 概念和用法：过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内进行或发生的动作。也可理解为是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。其形式为was /were + V-ing。常用的时间状语this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening,last night, last Saturday,when, while例如：‎ We were watching TV from seven to nine last night. 昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。 ‎ What was he researching all day last Sunday? 上周日他一整天都在研究什么？ ‎ 二、 过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。如： ‎ What was she doing at nine o‘clock yesterday? 昨天晚上九点她在做什么？ (介词短语表示时间点) ‎ When I saw him he was decorating his room. 当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。 (when从句表示时间点) ‎ 三、 在复合句中，如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的，那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。例如： ‎ While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.他边等车边看报。 (两个动作都是延续的) ‎ He was cleaning his car while I was cooking. 他擦车时我在做饭。(两个动作同时进行) ‎ 四、 通常不能用于过去进行时的动词主要有：agree, be, believe, belong, care, forget, hate, have(拥有), hear, know, like, love, mean, mind, notice, own, remember, seem, suppose, understand, want, wish等。例如： ‎ 误：I was knowing the answer. ‎ 正：I knew the answer. 我知道答案。 ‎ 误：I wasn‘t understanding him. ‎ 正：I didn‘t understand him. 我不明白他的意思。 ‎ 句型：‎ 肯定句：主语+was/were+doing+其它 否定句：主语+was/were+not+doing+其它 一般疑问句及答语：Was/Were+主语+doing+其它 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+doing+其它 ‎ What were they doing just now?‎ ‎ 他们刚才在干什么? ‎ 典型例题：‎ ‎1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.　‎ A. made　 B. is making　 C. was making　 D. makes ‎　 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when表时间的同时性，“玛丽在做衣服时”提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。‎ ‎2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep. ‎ A. read; was falling　B. was reading; fell　C. was reading; was falling　D. read;fell ‎　 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。‎ 过去进行时和一般过去时的区别 一．一般过去时叙述旧事，过去进行时描述背景。 ‎ ‎　　Ａ、一般过去时 ‎ ‎　　１）叙述过去状态、动作或事件 ‎ ‎　　He went to Beijing the other day.（带具体时间） ‎ ‎　　２）表示过去的习惯 ‎ ‎　　a) would ,used to与过去时 ‎ ‎　　would 表间断性不规则的习惯，常带频率时间 ‎ ‎　　used to 表一贯性有规律的习惯 ‎ ‎　　They used to meet and would sometimes exchange one or two words. ‎ ‎　　b) Would 用于文中不用于句首，只表过去习惯。 ‎ ‎　　Used to 表今昔对比的含义，叙述习惯动作可与would 换用。‎ ‎　　When he was a boy , he would often go there . （叙述过去） ‎ ‎　　She isn't what she used to be. (今昔对比) ‎ ‎　　c) 表示状态时一般只用used to ‎ ‎　　Tom used to be fat /There used to stand a tree there. (状态) ‎ ‎　　d) was (were) used to +ving表示“合适于，适应于…..” ‎ ‎　　He used to work at night . (“习惯”表经常) ‎ ‎　　He was used to working at night. (习惯表适应) ‎ ‎　　３）表示过去的经历，平行动作，依此事件用一般过去时。 ‎ ‎　　He sat there and listened to the radio.(依此发生) ‎ ‎　B. 过去进行时 ‎ ‎　　－表示在过去某阶段或某一时刻正在发生 ‎ ‎　　What were you doing at 8:30 last night? (过去某时刻正在发生) ‎ ‎　　－短暂性动词用过去进行时表示按计划、打算 ‎ ‎　　During that time he was going with us.(表示打算) ‎ ‎　　－与always ,often ,usually 等连用表喜爱，讨厌等感情色彩。 ‎ ‎　　He was always Changing his mind. ‎ 二、过去进行时与一般过去时的区别 ‎ ‎　　A. 进行时表某一行为的“片断”一般时表示行为的“整体”和存在的状态。 ‎ ‎　　I was reading the book at that time. (未读完，“读”的片段) ‎ ‎　　I read the book yesterday. (已读完，表整个“读”) ‎ ‎　　B、一般持续时间状语多与进行时连用 ‎ ‎　　It was raining all night.(优先用was raining ,rained 为持续动词，故也可使用) ‎ ‎　　He was writing a letter the whole of afternoon. (短暂动词与持续时间连用，表反复，连续发生，不可用一般过去时) ‎ ‎　　C、while 时间状语从句中用短暂动词时只能用进行时。 ‎ ‎　　例：He broke a chair while he was jumping up and down. ‎ ‎　　D、While 所在主从句动作大致持续相等时主从句一般都用进行时，但若是持续动词可都用一般过去时，两个动作一长一短时短的用一般时，长的用进行时。 ‎ ‎　　I was cooking the dinner while he was playing the piano.(平行) ‎ ‎　　I cooked the dinner while he played the piano. ‎ ‎　　I saw him while I was walking to the station. ‎ 三、英语中有四类动词一般不用进行时（不用现在进行时和过去进行时） ‎ ‎1表心理状态、情感的动词，如love ,hate ,like ,care ,respect ,please ,prefer ,know 等，若用进行时则词意改变。 ‎ ‎　　I’m forgetting it . (=beginning to forget ) ‎ ‎2表存在、状态的动词，如appear ,exist ,lie ,remain ,stand ‎ ‎,seem等 ‎ ‎3 表感觉的动词，如see ,hear ,feel ,smell ,sound ,taste等. ‎ ‎4表一时性的动词，如accept ,allow ,admit ,decide ,end ,refuse ,permit ,promise等。 ‎ 四、例题 ‎　　考题1 As she ____the newspaper ,Granny ____ asleep .(95) ‎ ‎　　A. read /was falling B .was reading /fell ‎ ‎　　C. Was reading /was falling D. read/fell ‎ ‎　　分析 时间从句的动作长，而“入睡”动作短，故前者用过去进行时，而较短动词用一般过去时，选B ‎ ‎　　考题2 Tom ___ into the house when no one ___ . ‎ ‎　　A. slipped/was looking B. Had slipped /looked ‎ ‎　　C. slipped/had looked D. was slipping /looked ‎ 分析 此题先要理解好when ，表“此时”，说明主句中slipped是较短行为，而look是较长行为的片断，即汤姆溜进房子，此时没人瞧见，故选A为正确。 ‎ 注意 ‎1. when 和while引导的状语从句中，强调某个动作正在进行的过程中时要用进行时态，while表示一段时间，因此它所引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用进行时态，如：‎ When/While we were having supper, the light went out. 我们正在吃饭时灯熄灭了。‎ ‎2. when用作并列连词时，主句常用进行时态，从句则用一般过去时，表示主句动作发生的过程中，另一个意想不到的动作发生了。如：‎ I was walking in the street when someone called me. 我正在街上走时突然有人喊我。‎ 二、下面几种情况不用一般过去时而要用过去进行时：‎ ‎1. 表示过去某一阶段暂时性的习惯动作时。如：‎ Tom was getting up at six o’clock every day that week. 汤姆那一周里每天都是六点钟起床。‎ ‎2. 与always连用表示赞美，厌烦等感情色彩时。如：‎ John was always coming to school late. 约翰上学总是迟到。‎ Lei Feng was always doing good deeds for the people. 雷锋总是为人民做好事。‎ ‎3. 用来描写故事发生的情景时。如：‎ It was a dark night. The wind was blowing hard and the rain was falling heavily. A PLA man suddenly appeared on the river bank. He wanted to cross the river.那是一个漆黑的夜晚，风刮得很厉害，雨下得很大，一个解放军战士突然出现在河岸上，他想过河去。‎ ‎4. when作并列连词，表示“（这时）突然”之意时，第一个并列分句用过去进行时，when引导的并列分句用一般过去时。如：‎ I was taking a walk when I met him. 我正在散步，突然遇见了他。‎ We were playing outside when it began to rain. 我们正在外边玩，这时下起雨来了。‎ ‎5. go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义。如：‎ I was leaving for Wuhan that day. 那天我正要去武汉。‎ She was coming later. 她随后就来。‎ 三、过去进行时表示婉转语气（只限于want, hope, wonder 等动词），用以提出请求。如：‎ I was wondering if you could help me.‎ I was hoping you could send me home.‎ 过去进行时专项练习 一、 单项选择 ‎1.My brother ___ while he ___ his bicycle and hurt himself. A. fell, was riding B. fell, were riding ‎ C. had fallen, rode D. had fallen, was riding 2. Tom ___ into the house when no one ___.   A. slipped, was looking B. had slipped, looked ‎ C. slipped, had looked D. was slipping, looked 3.The last time I __ Jane she ___ cotton in the fields.   A. had seen, was picking B. saw, picked ‎ C. had seen, picked D. saw, was picking 4.I don ' t think Jim saw me; he ___ into space.   A. just stared B. was just staring ‎ C. has just stared D. had just stared 5.I first met Lisa three years ago. She ___ at a radio shop at the time.   A. has worked B. was working ‎ C. had been working D. had worked 6.---Hey, look where you are going!  ‎ ‎ ---Oh, I ' m terribly sorry.________.   A. I ' m not noticing B. I wasn ' t noticing ‎ C. I haven ' t noticed D. I don ' t notice 7. The reporter said that the UFO ___ east to west when he saw it.   A. was traveling B. traveled C. had been traveling D. was to travel 8. I ___ my breakfast when the morning post came.   A. had B. had been having ‎ C. have been having D. was having 9.When I arrived at his office, he ___ on the phone.   A. was speaking B. spoke ‎ C. had been speaking D. had spoken 10. “ What ' s the matter, Ali? You look sad. ”   “ Oh, nothing much. As a matter of fact, I ___ of my friends back home. ”   A. just thought B. have just been thinking C. was just thinking D. have just thought 二、 动词填空。‎ ‎１．John_______（work） all day yesterday.‎ ‎２．He _______（walk） home when the （rian）_______begin.‎ ‎３． —What______you _______（do） at ten o'clock yesterday﹖‎ ‎—I_______（studay） in class．‎ ‎４．When Harry _______（have） breakfast Lily _______（telephone） him． ‎ ‎５．When I ________ （go） to school this morning I ______ （see） a car running into a bus．‎ ‎6. This time yesterday Jack ______ (mend) his bike. 7. I ______ (write) a letter at ten last night. 8. It was six. The Greens ______ (have) supper. 9. When you ______ (knock) at the door yesterday,I ______ (do) some washing.‎ ‎10. While my mother ______ (watch) TV, I ______(make) a kite.‎ 三、 英汉互译。‎ 1、 昨晚我给你打电话时，你正在干什么？‎ 2、 上中学时，我住老师家里。‎ 3、 他昨天本来要看那场戏的，可是太忙了。‎ 4、 They wanted to know when we were leaving for Shanghai.‎ 5、 Soon the whole town was talking about it.‎ Unit 5-6‎ 重点短语 Have a good/great time过得很愉快 take away 拿走 ‎ around the world 在世界各地 make a living 谋生 ‎ all the time 一直 play football 踢足球 ‎ in order to 为了 around the world 全世界 ‎ run out of 用尽,用完 by the way 顺便, 附带说说 be interested in 对…感兴趣 far away 在远处 the Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会 ‎ 重点句型 ‎1. If you do, you’ll have a great time. ‎ ‎2. You should wear your cool pants.‎ ‎3. How long have you been skating? ‎ I’ve been skating since nine o’clock.‎ ‎4. When did you start skating? ‎ ‎ I started skating at nine o’clock. ‎ 反意疑问句 一：反意疑问句的基本构成：‎ 陈述句，助动词/情态动词+代词？‎ 1． 反意疑问句的结构可以简单列为：前肯后否；前否后肯。‎ You dislike adventurous sports, don’t you? 你不喜欢冒险运动, 是不是?‎ Sophia is not good at playing the Violin, is she? 索菲亚不擅长拉小提琴, 是不是?‎ ‎2． 反意疑问句的答语：在回答这类问句时，不管反意疑问句前的陈述句是肯定的或是否定的，事实是肯定的， 就用yes来回答，事实是否定的，就用no来回答。‎ ‎-You didn’t attend the conference, did you? 你没参加研讨会，是吧？‎ ‎-No, I didn’t. 是的, 我没参加./Yes, I did. 不， 我参加了.‎ 二：各种形式的反意疑问句：‎ ‎1．肯定陈述句，+否定疑问 这种结构分为be动词，have助动词，情态动词，实义动词型等。‎ You are coming this evening， aren’t you?‎ Lucy often goes to the theater, doesn’t he?‎ Sophia can play the piano, can’t she?‎ You’ve read the evening paper, haven’t you?‎ 注意: 反意疑问句中, 如果后半部分出现的是否定副词, 必须用其缩写形式.‎ ‎2．否定陈述句，+肯定疑问 这种结构也分为be动词，have助动词，情态动词，实义动词型等。‎ You are not interested in reading, are you?‎ You didn’t tell Toby the news, did you?‎ You haven’t finished your work, have you?‎ ‎3．祈使句的反意疑问句 ‎（1）在肯定的祈使句后可加上will you？would you？won’t you？ can you？could you， can’t you？等，从而使语气更加委婉。‎ Come in and sit down, won’t you?‎ Be sure to come on time, can you?‎ Make less noise, will you?‎ 在肯定的祈使句后，以上各种形式皆可选择,但在否定的祈使句后只能用will you?‎ Don’t be careless, will you?‎ ‎(2) 在Let us/me祈使句后加will you?或won’t you? 在Let’s祈使句后加shall we? 或shan’t we? 从而使语气变得更加缓和.‎ Let me do it, will you?‎ Let us do it for you, will you?‎ Let’s have a rest, shall we?‎ ‎4．陈述句部分如果含有否定意义的词时（如：never, seldom, hardly, few, little, no one, nobody, nothing, neither, none等）,疑问部分必须用肯定式.‎ You have never been to Beijing, have you?‎ No one will believe you, will they/he?‎ 在含有dislike, unimportant等以否定前缀构成的词的反意疑问句中,这些词仍按肯定词对待.‎ This is an unimportant question, isn’t it?‎ ‎5．There be和That/this be 结构中的反意疑问句，陈述部分是there be 结构时，疑问部分用be there结构；是That/This be 结构时，疑问句部分用it 代替that或this。‎ There are some students playing， aren’t there？‎ That’s a good idea, isn’t it?‎ ‎6. 不定代词作主语时的反意疑问句: 陈述句部分如果有everything, nothing等表示事物的词作主语时, 疑问部分的主语用it, 陈述部分若有everyone, someone, anyone, no one 等不定代词作主语时,其疑问句部分的主语既可用he, 也可用they.‎ Nothing has been said at the meeting, has it?‎ Everything goes well, doesn’t it?‎ Nobody wants to make mistake, do they?‎ ‎7．否定前移的反意疑问句: 陈述部分是含有宾语从句的复合句时, 疑问部分中的动词和主语应和主句中的动词和主语保持一致.‎ He never thought I would come, did he?‎ They told us that we needn’t go to school tomorrow, didn’t they?‎ 如果陈述部分是 “I don’t think (believe, guess, consider, feel, find, suppose等)+宾语从句”时,疑问部分中的动词和主语应和宾语从句的主语保持一致, 并且要用肯定形式.‎ I don’t think that he has done that, has he?‎ 练习:‎ ‎1. She is a singer, ?‎ ‎ A. doesn’t she B. hasn’t she C. isn’t she ‎2. I told you not to be late again, John, I?‎ ‎ A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t ‎3. –You will go swimming this Saturday, won’t you?‎ ‎ - . I have to work this Saturday.‎ ‎ A. Yes, I will B. Yes, I won’t C. No, I won’t ‎4. Nothing is difficult in the world if you put your heart into it, ?‎ ‎ A. aren’t there B. are they C. isn’t it D. is it ‎5. What about Sally? She’s done her best these days, ?‎ ‎ A. hasn’t she B. isn’t Sally C. hasn’t Sally D. isn’t Sally ‎6. There are some people on the playground, ?‎ ‎ A. aren’t there B. are there C. are they ‎7. –How many students do you think are still in the classroom now?‎ ‎ -I’m afraid there are few of them, ?‎ ‎ A. are there b. aren’t I C. aren’t there D. am I ‎8. –Let’s go and play football, ? -That’s wonderful.‎ ‎ A. will you B. do you C. won’t you D. shall we ‎9. I don’t think she will agree with me, ?‎ ‎ A. won’t she B. will she C. does she D. isn’t she ‎10. Light doesn’t travel as fast as sound, ?‎ ‎ A. doesn’t it B. is it C. does it D. do they ‎11. –You don’t come from England, do you?‎ ‎ - . I come from Australia. How do you know that?‎ ‎ A. No, I do B. Yes, I do C. Yes, I don’t D. No, I don’t ‎12. Yangyang never plays video games in his spare time, ?‎ ‎ A. is he B. isn’t he C. does he D. doesn’t he ‎13. Go to see a movie with us tonight, ?‎ ‎ A. shall we B. will you C. don’t you D. aren’t you ‎14. –Katty isn’t going to the beach with us tomorrow, is she?‎ ‎ - . She has gone to Hainan Island.‎ ‎ A. No, she is B. Yes, she isn’t C. No, she isn’t D. Yes, she is ‎15. –Jim, please copy the new words in this lesson, ?‎ ‎ -But I copied them yesterday evening.‎ ‎ A. do you B. don’t you C. didn’t you D. will you Units7-8复习要点 重点句型 ‎1.--Would you mind moving your bike?‎ ‎--Not at all. I’ll do it right away.‎ ‎2.--Could you please take out the trash? --Sorry, I’ll do it right away.‎ ‎3.--What should I get my mom? --How about a CD?‎ ‎ --No, that’s too cheap.‎ ‎4.--What’s the best present you have ever received? --A bike.‎ 重点短语 1． would mind doing sth 介意做某事 2． would mind not doing sth 不介意做某事 3． turn down 调低，关小（收音机等） 4. turn up 调高 4． right away=at once=in a minute 立刻，马上 5． get annoyed=get mad 恼怒，生气 6． wait in line 排队等候 7． follow sb around 跟在某人周围 8． order food/room 订购食物/房间 ‎10.some time 一段时间 11.sometime 某个时间 ‎12.social behavior 社会行为 13.put out 扑灭，熄灭 ‎14.Why don’t you +动词原型…？=Why not +动词原型…？为什么不…？‎ ‎15.special/creative enough 够特别/够有创意 ‎16.too…to… 太…而不能 17.good company 好伙伴 ‎18.give away 赠送，分发，捐给…‎ ‎19.pay for… 为…付钱，付报酬 20.rather than 而不是 ‎21.enter a contest 参加一个比赛 ‎22.all over China/the world 全中国/全世界 ‎23.encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 ‎24.make progress 取得进步 25.hear of 听说 ‎26.make friends with… 和…交朋友 语法要点：动词不定式 不定式的形式：（to）+do ，具有名词，形容词，副词的特征。‎ ‎ 否定式：not + (to) do ‎ 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，即不受主语的人称和单复数的限定和影响，但有时态和语态的变化。‎ 不定式的语法功能：‎ 1． 作主语：‎ To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.‎ 十分钟内完成这项工作是很困难的。‎ To lose your heart means failure.‎ 失去信心就意味着失败。‎ 动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，然后将不定式置于句末。例如上面两句可用如下形式：‎ It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.‎ It means failure to lose your heart.‎ 2． 作表语，表示主语的“职业，职责或性质”等：‎ Her job is to clean the hall. 她的工作就是打扫大厅。‎ He seems to know everything about this thing.‎ 他似乎对这件事情什么都知道。‎ 3． 作宾语：‎ 常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, ask, (would)like, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, (would)prefer。如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面。‎ He found it important to study English.他发现学习英语很重要。‎ 动词不定式也可充当介词宾语。‎ I have no choice but to stay here.‎ 除了呆在这儿我没有别的选择。‎ He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.‎ 上周日他除了修他的自行车外什么也没做。‎ 4． 作宾语补足语，用以说明宾语的性质，身份，特征和行为等情况：‎ 以下动词常跟动词不定式充当宾语补足语：want, wish, ask, tell, order, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call, wait for, invite.‎ I told Jeff to give up his bad habits,but he wouldn’t listen.‎ 我告诉杰夫让他改掉坏习惯，但他不听。‎ 5． 作定语：动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系：‎ A. 动宾关系：‎ I have some friends to invite. 我要邀几个朋友。‎ ‎ 用法点津：‎ ‎ 不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点，工具等，应有必要的介词。‎ ‎ He found a good house to live in .他发现一个可以住的好房子。‎ ‎ The child has nothing to worry about. 孩子没有什么可担心的。‎ ‎ 如果不定式修饰time, place, way, 可以省略介词：‎ ‎ He has no place to live.他没有地方住。‎ ‎ This is the best way to work out this problem.这是算出这道题最好的方法。‎ A. 说明所修饰名词的内容：‎ We have made a plan to finish the work.‎ 我们有一个完成这项工作的计划。‎ B. 被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语：‎ He is the first to get there. 他是第一个到那的。‎ 二、 作状语：‎ A．表目的：‎ He worked day and night to get the money. 他日夜工作来赚钱。‎ B．表结果：‎ He arrived late to find the train gone.他到迟了结果发现火车开走了。‎ 常用only放在不定式前表示强调：‎ Nell went away only to leave his two children by themselves.内尔走了，结果只留下两个孩子。‎ C．表原因，这种原因状语往往跟在表示“高兴，愉快，生气，荣耀，遗憾”等形容词之后，说明之所以产生这些情绪的原因：‎ They were very sad to hear the news.听到这个消息他们非常伤心。‎ D．表程度：‎ It’s too dark for us to see anything. 天太黑了，我们什么也看不见。The question is simple for him to answer.‎ 这个问题对他来说太容易回答了。‎ 三、 作独立成分：‎ To tell you the truth ,we don’t want to have you.‎ 实话告诉你吧，我们不想和你在一起。‎ 四、 不定式的并列，第二个不定式可省略to:‎ He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.‎ 他想学医并成为一名医生。‎ 不带to 的不定式 1. 使役动词let(让),make(使),have(使)等；感官动词see（看见），hear（听见），feel（感到），watch（观看），notice（注意到），look at（看），listen to（听）等跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。但改为被动语态时，不定式前应加上to 。如：‎ They heard her sing in the next room.‎ 他们听见她在隔壁的诚心房间唱歌。‎ She was heard to sing in the next room。（被动句）‎ help后面的不定式作宾语补足语，可以带to也可不带to。如：‎ She helped her parents (to) clean the house. 她帮助父母打扫房屋。‎ 2. 不定式作表语，其前面的主语从句中含有do时，后面的to省略。‎ What he did was lose the game. 他所做的就是输掉了比赛。‎ 3. 句中含有动词do时,but,except,beside,such as等后面to可省略。如：‎ Don’t do anything silly,such as marry him.‎ 不要做任何的蠢事了，比如说和他结婚。‎ 4. 句中含有不定式，后面有rather than,rather than后面省略to。如：‎ I’d prefer to stay here rather than go there.‎ 我宁愿呆在这儿也不愿意去那儿。‎ 动词不定式与疑问词的连用 ‎ 不定式可以和疑问代词who, what, which, 及疑问副词when, how, where连用，构成不定式短语，在句中担当主语，宾语，表语等成分。‎ 1. 作主语 What to do is a big problem. 做什么是个大问题。‎ 2. 作宾语 I know how to use the computer. 我知道如何使用计算机。‎ ‎3. 作宾语补足语 ‎ Liu Di asked her when to start. 柳迪问她什么时候开始。‎ ‎4.作表语 The question is how to get there. 问题是如何到达那儿。‎ 注意：“疑问词+不定式”作宾语和宾语补足语时，常与下列动词连用：know, show, teacher, tell, find out, learn, decide, forget等。‎ ‎ 有时候疑问词前可用介词，如：‎ ‎ I have no idea of how to do it. 我不知道如何做此事。‎ 五．不定式的常用句型 ‎ 1．It’s time to do sth=It’s time for sth “是做…的时候了”‎ ‎ 2．There’s no (time) to do sth 没有（时间）做某事 ‎ 3．It takes sb. some time (money) to do sth 某人花费多少时间（金钱）做某事 ‎ 4．Be+形容词+enough+to do sth … …足够做某事 ‎ 5．Be+too+形容词+to do sth 太…不能做某事 ‎ 6．be ready +to do sth 乐意做某事 ‎ 7．It’s +形容词+for sb.+to do sth ‎ 8．be afraid to do sth 不敢做某事 ‎ 9．prefer to do sth. rather than do sth 宁愿…也不愿 ‎ 10．would like to do sth/would love to do sth. 常用于口语中，表示“喜欢…”‎ ‎ 11．had better do sth （不带的不定式）“最好……”‎ ‎ 12．Will/Would you please (not) do sth ? 请你（不要）做……好吗？‎ Exercises：‎ ‎1. We are often told _____ at people in trouble.‎ A.not to smile B.to smile C. not to laugh D.to laugh ‎2. Would you please _____ the window? It’s too cold outside.‎ A.open B.opening C.not open D.not to open ‎3. She prefers to offer more money for a better TV set _____ less for this one.‎ A.rather than pay B.to pay C.not to pay D.to paying ‎4. My grandfather wants ______ around the world because he enjoys ______ new places.‎ A.traveling; seeing B.to travel; to see ‎ C.to travel; seeing D.traveling; to see ‎5. My watch is broken. I want to know how to make it _____ .‎ A.work B.to work C.walk D.to walk ‎6. On her way home Lucy saw a thief ______ in a shop. She stopped _____ 110 at once.‎ A.steal; call B.to steal, call C.stealing, to call D.stealing ,calling ‎7. The teacher told Lucy ____ too much time _____ computer games.‎ A.not to spend, in B.to not spend ,on ‎ C.didn’t spend, playing D.not to spend,playing ‎8. The girls were asked _____ go out at night.‎ A.to not to B.not C.not to D.do not ‎9. Jack is very funny.He always makes us _______ .‎ A.laugh B.laughing C.to laugh D.laughs ‎10. The headmaster told us ______ at the Science Museum on time A.arrive B.arrives C.to arrive D.arriving ‎11. Look out! The traffic is moving fast. It’s _______ dangerous _____ cross the street.‎ A.very,to B.so,to C.much, to D. too , to ‎12. I’ve made it possible for my computers _____ the same programs by means of networking.‎ A.to share B. share C. shared D.shares ‎13. ----Shopping with me? ----Sorry, I have a lot of clothes______ ‎ A.to wash B.washed C. wash D.to be washed ‎14. Could you show us _______ a bike?‎ A.how to mend B.what to buy C.where to go D.how many to buy ‎15. Lucy should do her homework now. But she doesn’t feel like _____ it.‎ A.does B.do C.doing D.to do ‎16. The students are always _______ English or Chinese every morning on weekdays.‎ A.kept reading B. keeping reading C.kept to read D.keeping to read ‎17. The river smells terrible. People must_______ dirty things into it.‎ A.be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing C.stop to throw D. stop from throwing ‎18. He found it hard ______ his class.‎ A.to catch up B.catch up with C.catch up D.to catch up with ‎19. Would you mind ______ the window, please? It’s cold outside.‎ A.to close B.closing C.closed D.close ‎20. You’d better _______ upstairs and tell the children ______ make so much noise.‎ A.go, not to B.go, don’t C.to go,not to D.to go , don’t Units 9-10‎ 重点短语：‎ have / has gone to +地点 到某地去了（人不在此处）‎ have / has been to +地点 曾经去过某地 have / has been in +地点 在某地 an amusement park 游乐园 a roller coaster 过山车 end up 结束 end up with以….结束 English-speaking country说英语的国家 a native speaker of English以英语为母语的人 such as 例如,比如 three quarters四分之三 listening / writing skill 听力/写作技巧 a large popution 人口众多 a small population人烟稀少 natural environment自然环境 small talk 闲聊 have problem doing sth做某事有问题 at least至少 thank-you note 感谢信 look through查看,浏览 so far到目前为止 get along相处 come along (意外)来到 重点句型:‎ ‎1.Have you ever been to an amusement park?‎ ‎ No, I ’ve never been to an amusement.‎ ‎ / Yes, I have. I went there last year.‎ ‎2.Harvey and his friend are going skating.‎ ‎3.It’s a nice day ,isn’t it?‎ ‎ Yes, it is. I really love hot weather.‎ ‎4.You’re Jenny’s friend ,aren’t you ?‎ ‎ Yes, I am.‎ 清单一:动词的-ing形式及语法功能 ‎1. 动词的-ing形式 动词-ing形式是英语中较多的形式之一,它是动词原形+ing构成的。它既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词的一些特征.在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语。它没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。 否定式：not+动词的-ing形式 ‎2．动词的-ing形式的语法功能：‎ ‎①作主语，往往说明事物的普遍性、广泛性：‎ Reading aloud is very helpful. 大声朗读是很有好处的。‎ Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。‎ 当动词的-ing形式短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。‎ It’s no use quarrelling. 争吵是没用的。‎ 用法点津：‎ 不定式和动词的-ing形式作主语的区别。‎ 不定式更强调具体性,往往有明确的时间，而动词的-ing形式是一种泛指.一种体验,不是明确的发生在过去.现在或将来的动作,更具有普遍性。‎ Reading is really fun. 读书真有趣。‎ To read such a story is hard. 读这样一个故事真是难。‎ ‎②作表语,用以说明事物的身份.性质等,此时和不定式的用法相同：‎ What he likes is playing football after class。‎ 他所喜欢的事就是课后踢足球。‎ ‎③作宾语：‎ Do you enjoy listening to pop music？ 你喜欢听流行音乐吗？‎ We are thinking of making a new plan.我们正考虑制定一个新计划。‎ I am now busy sending postcards. 我现在正忙于邮寄贺年卡。‎ 注意动词的-ing形式既可以作动词宾语也作介词和形容词的宾语，如上面三个例句。此外，动词的-ing形式作宾语是时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it，如；‎ We found it no good making fun of others。 我们发现取笑他人不好。‎ 用法点津：‎ 如下动词及短语只跟动词-ing形式作宾语：‎ enjoy、finish、suggest、avoid（避免）、excuse、delay、imagine、keep、miss、consider、admit(承认)、deny(否认)、mind、permit、forbid、pratise、risk、appreciate、be busy、be worth、feel like、can’t stand、can’t help、think of、dream of、be fond of、prevent(from)、keep…from、stop…from、protect…from、set about、be engaged in、spend…(in)、succesd in、be used to、look forward to、object to、pay attention to、inside on、feel like.‎ ‎④作定语，表示被修饰词的性质、身份、用途、正在进行的行为或状态等：‎ The old man has to walk with a walking stick.‎ 这个老人只好借助拐杖走。‎ This is an interesting story. 这是一个有趣的故事。‎ The man waiting at the gate is asking to see you .‎ 在大门口等的那个人要见你。‎ ‎⑤作宾语补足语，表明宾语的性质、状态或正在进行的行为：‎ 如下动词后可跟动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语：‎ see, watch, hear, feel, found, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to,look at, leave, catch, discover等。‎ Can you hear her singing in the next room.你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？‎ He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。‎ ‎⑥作状语，表示时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果、目的等：‎ ‎（While）Woking in the factory，he was an advanced worker。‎ 在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人（表示时间）。‎ Being a League member，he is always helping others。‎ 由于是共青团员，他经常帮助别人。（表示原因）‎ He stayed at home，cleaning and washing。‎ 他呆在家里，又擦又洗。（表伴随） ‎ ‎（If）playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.‎ 要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。（表条件）‎ He dropped the glass,breaking it into pieces.‎ 他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。（表结果）‎ He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去讲话了。（目的）‎ ‎⑦做让步状语：‎ Though raining heavily,it cleared up very soon.‎ 虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。‎ 清单二：不定式与动词-ing形式宾语的比较 ‎1．在下列一些动词后面常跟动词-ing作宾语，而不跟不定式：‎ admit，appreciate，advice，allow，consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，face，feel like，finish，fancy，forbid，imagine，include，keep，metion，mind，miss，practice，resist，risk，suggest等。如：‎ He practices speaking English everyday.‎ 他每天练习说英语。‎ He admitted having broken the window.‎ 他承认打破了那扇窗子。‎ I much appreciate your giving me the chance.‎ 我非常感激你给了我这个机会。‎ ‎2．在下列一些动词后只跟不定式，不跟动词-ing做宾语：‎ want(想要) ,hope, expect(期望), wish, decide, would like, refuse, manage, pretend, demand, offer, afford, plan, wonder, intend……等。如：‎ I am expecting to get a letter from my parents.‎ ‎ 我期待着父母的来信。‎ We are planning to build another research center.‎ 我们正计划着建另一所研究中心。‎ ‎3．在下列一些动词后面跟不定式或动词-ing形式作宾语，意义不同。如：‎ ‎(1)I remember doing this exercisde before. 我记得前做过这个练习。‎ ‎ Remember to post the book for me. 记住帮我把那本书寄走。‎ 辨析：remember doing记得做过某事 (某事已做过）‎ ‎ remember to do记住去做某事 (某事还没做）‎ ‎(2)We shall never forget hearing Jackson singing.‎ ‎ 我们忘不了听杰克逊唱歌的情形。‎ ‎ Don’t foget to give my regards to them.‎ ‎ 别忘了代我向他们问好。‎ 辨析：forget doing忘了做过的事 (某事已做过）‎ ‎ forget to do 忘了去做某事 (某事还没做）‎ ‎（3）I’ll try to improve my pronunciation.‎ ‎ 我会试着改善我的发音。‎ Since no one answered the front door,why not try knocking at the back door? 既然前门没人答应，为什么不试试后门呢？‎ 辨析：try to do尽力去做某事 ‎ try doing（用另外一种方式）试一试，试试看 ‎(4)I suggest we stop working and having a rese.‎ ‎ 我们停下来休息一会儿。‎ ‎ They stopped to listen,but there was no more sound.‎ ‎ 他们停下来，听一听，再没什么声音。‎ 辨析：stop to do 停下（某事）去做(另一件)事。（表目的）‎ ‎ stop doing 把(正在做的)某事停下来。（宾语）‎ ‎(5)What do you mean to do with your old bicycle?‎ ‎ 打算如何处理你那辆旧自行车？‎ ‎ I won’t wait if it means delaying a week or so.‎ ‎ 如果这意味着要推迟一个星期左右, 那我就不等了。‎ 辨析：mean to do打算做某事 ‎ mean doing意味着做某事 ‎4．在love，like，hate，prefer后面跟不定式和动词-ing形式无多大区别，如：‎ Do you like to eat an ice-cream? 你想吃冰淇淋吗？‎ I like traveling very much. 我非常喜欢旅游。‎ ‎5.在start,begin后面，一般接不定式和动词-ing形式无多大区别，在下列情况下，一般用不定式：‎ ‎①自然界变化：‎ It started to rain.开始下雨了。‎ Sonw started to melt as spring came.春天来了，雪开始融了。‎ ‎②心理活动，在understand,know,reaside等词前面：‎ I began to understand my mother’s feelings.‎ 我开始理解母亲的感受了。‎ ‎③begin,start本身为现在进行时：‎ Mother was starting to cook in the kitchen when I got home.‎ 我到家时母亲在厨房开始做饭。‎ ‎6.在allow, advise, permit, forbid等词后面，有名词或代词作宾语，用不定式作宾语补足语，如果没有宾语，直接用ing形式，如：‎ We don’t allow parking here. 我们不允许在这儿停车。‎ The police don’t allow people to park here. 警察不允许在这儿停车。‎ ‎7.need，require，want译作“需要”时，跟动词ing形式作宾语，主动表示被动，相当于to be done,如：‎ The windows require cleaning.‎ The windows require to be cleaned. 窗子要擦了。‎ ‎8.在一些固定表达中用ing形式，不用不定式：‎ can’t help doing, be worth doing, devote…to doing, look forward to doing, be/get/become used to doing, object to doing, thank…for doing, excuse…for doing等。‎ Einstein devoted his life to making a research in science.‎ 爱因斯坦终身致力于科学研究。‎ I’m looking forward to getting your letter. 我期盼收到你的来信。‎ 清单三：动词-ing形式与-ed形式作形容词时的区别 ‎ 动词-ing形式在句中作定语，表示一个正在进行的动作，它与主语中心词之间存在着主谓关系。动词的-ed形式在句中作定语，表示一个已完成的或被动的动作，它与中心词之间存在着动宾关系。如：‎ This was because there was no machine allowing a person to breathe under water for a long time.这是因为没有一台可以让人在水下长时间呼吸的机器。‎ We live in a place called Gum Tree.‎ 我们住在一个叫做桉树村的地方。‎ Take away the broken glass. 把那个被打碎的玻璃杯拿走。‎ The sleeping baby is hers. 那个睡着的孩子是她的。‎ 走进中考 动词的-ing形式做主语 ‎1.—Did you have any problems in London?‎ ‎ —Yes,______ Chinese food like rice, noodles and dumplings.‎ ‎ A.find B.found C.finding D.to find ‎2.—What’s made you so upset?‎ ‎ —_____ three tickets to the pop music concert.‎ ‎ A.Lost B.Losing C.Because of losing D.Since I lost 动词-ing的形式作宾语 ‎3.Sam enjoys_______ stamps. And now he has 266of them.‎ ‎　A.to collect B.collected C.collects D.collecting ‎4.We’re looking forward to ______the World Cup 2006 in Germany.‎ ‎ A.visiting B.watching C.looking ‎5.Would you mind ______more slowly? I can’t fellow you.‎ ‎　A.speak B.spoke C.spoken D.speaking 只能跟-ing形式的动词或短语 ‎6.“Would you mind_____ the music?” “No,not at all.”‎ ‎　A.turn on B.to turn over C.turning on ‎7.—Are you afraid of _____ at home, Linda?‎ ‎ —No,I’ve grown up.‎ ‎ A.alone B.being alone C.lonely D.being lonely ‎8.When I _____ the farm, the children have finished _____the apple.‎ ‎ A.reach;picking B.got;picking ‎ C.came;picked D.arrived in;to pick 既能跟-ing形式又能跟不定式作宾语的动词 ‎9.—Where’s Mr Yu, do you know?‎ ‎ —Well,it’s hard to say. But I saw him _____.‎ ‎ A.was watching B.watching C.had watched D.watched ‎10.She ought to stop ______ ,she has a headache because she ______ too long.‎ ‎ A.to work,was reading B.to work,has read ‎　C.working,has read D.working,read ‎11.Jane likes singing, we often hear her ______ after class.‎ ‎ A.sing B.to sing C.sings D.sang 动词-ing形式与-ed形式作形容词时的区别 ‎12.—What ____ news it was! —Yes,all of the children were _____.‎ ‎ A.excited;exciting B.exciting;excited ‎　 C.exciting;exciting D.excited;excited ‎13.The doctor _____ a ______ boy yesterday.‎ ‎ A.had saved,dying B.saved,dead ‎ C.has saved,dead D.saved,dying 中考热身 ‎1.Listen! Can you hear the baby_____?‎ A.cry B.to cry C.crying D. cries ‎2.—Do you like sports?‎ ‎—Sure,I am looking forward to______ the 28th olympic games ______in Greece this August on TV.‎ A.watch;to be held B.watching;being held ‎ C.watching;to be held D.watch;held ‎3.He asked me to give up working on this maths problem. It’s too difficult. Here “give up working” means______.‎ A.go on working B.stop working C.stop tp work D.work out ‎4. The boy_____in the teacher’s office was found______ yesterday.‎ A.standing;smoke B.syanding;smorking ‎ C.stood;smoke D.stood;smoking ‎5.—Do you still remenber_______ me somewhere in shanghai?‎ ‎—Yes,of course. Two years ago.‎ A.to see B.see C.seeing D.saw ‎7. Would you mind_____me how______English words?‎ A.tell;torememberB.telling;remember C.telling;to remember D.tell;remember ‎8.—Is Jim at home by himself?‎ ‎— No. there’s another boy_____with him.‎ A.playing B.play C.plays D.to play ‎9.—Have you finished the work? —Not yet,‎ but no matter how hard it is, we’ll keep____until we make it.‎ A.failed B.trying C.tried D.failing ‎10.—Do you want to eat something?‎ ‎—_____,thanks. I am feeling sick now. I don’t feel like_____.‎ A.Yes;eating something B.No;to eat anything ‎ C.Yes,toeat any thing D.No;eating something 九年级中考复习资料 Unit 1-Unit 2‎ 重点句型 ‎1. —My name’s Jenny. —I’m Gina. Nice to meet you.‎ ‎2. —What’s your/his/her name? —My/His/Her name is … .‎ ‎3. What’s your/his/her family/first name?‎ ‎4. —What’s your telephone number? —It’s 218-9176.‎ ‎5. What’s his/ her telephone number?‎ ‎6. —What’s this/that in English? —It’s a ruler.‎ ‎7. —Is this/that your pencil? —Yes, it is./No, it isn’t.‎ ‎8. How do you spell pencil?/Spell pencil./Can you spell pencil?‎ ‎9. Is that your computer game in the lost and found case?‎ ‎10. Call Alan at 495-3539.‎ 重点语法 be在一般现在时中的基本用法：‎ I用am, you用are，is跟着他她它。He ,she ,it用is，we, you they都用are。单数名词用is，复数名词都用are。‎ be的几种形式：is, am, are —being —was, were —been 主谓一致：‎ 主谓一致的15种常考情况：‎ ‎1． 表示时间，重量，数目，价格，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，尽管他们是复数形式，但如果把这些复数形式的词或短语看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。‎ ‎ Two months is quite a long time. Twenty dollars is enough.‎ ‎2． 动词不定式，动名词，从句或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎ To see is to believe. It is not easy to master a foreign language.‎ ‎3． 由and连接两个成分作主语时，要根据其表示的意义来决定谓语动词的形式。如果其表示的是一个整体的概念或指的是同一事物，谓语动词用单数，如果其表示的是两个不同的对象时，谓语动词用复数。‎ ‎ The writer and the teacher are coming.‎ ‎ The poet and teacher is one of my friends.‎ ‎4． 集合名词people，police一般看作复数意义，其谓语动词用复数。另外一些集合名词family，enemy，class，army等作主语时，谓语动词是用单数还是复数，要根据这些词在句中的实际含义而定。当他们表示的是整体意义时，谓语用单数；当他们强调个体成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。‎ In England, people eat fish and chips.‎ The Chinese people（民族）is a great people.‎ ‎5． 名词性物主代词mine，yours，his，hers， its，ours，theirs等作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于该代词所表示的意义是单数还是复数。‎ His parents are young, but mine are old.‎ ‎6． 以s结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，如news，physics，politics，maths等。‎ ‎ No news is good news. Physics is the most difficult subject for him.‎ ‎7． 由or，either…or…，neither…nor…，not only…but also…等词连接名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的数和最接近的主语一致。‎ ‎ Neither you nor Li Hua has been to Shanghai before.‎ ‎8． 以there，here开头的句子，若主语不止一个，其谓语动词的形式和邻近的那个主语一致。‎ ‎ There is a table and four chairs in the room.‎ ‎ Here are some books and paper for you.‎ ‎9． trousers，clothes，glasses，compasses，chopsticks等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。但如果前面有a pair of短语时，谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎ Jim’s trousers are brown. The pair of glasses is Mr. Green’s.‎ ‎10． 由“a lot of/lots of/plenty of+名词”或“分数+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据名词的单复数而定。‎ ‎ A lot of people have been to London.‎ ‎ Three-fifths of the water is dirty.‎ ‎11． “a number of +复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数；“the number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎ A great number of birds fly to the south in winter.‎ ‎ The number of lions does not change much if people leave things as they are.‎ ‎12．代词something，anything，nothing，everyone，anybody，nobody，each，neither，either，little，much，one等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。‎ ‎ Neither of us is a boy。‎ ‎ Each of them has an English dictionary。‎ ‎ One of the students was late for school。‎ ‎13．All，some none，most，any等代词作主语时，若其指复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式；若其指单数形式，则谓语动词用单数形式。‎ ‎ Not all work is difficult。‎ ‎ Not all the students are here。‎ ‎14．有些形容词前面加上定冠词the，如the poor，the old，the yong，the rich，the dying等用来表示一类人时，主语为复数意义，谓语动词用复数。‎ ‎ The old are good taken care of。‎ ‎15．Many a意为“许多”，但因后面跟的是单数名词，谓语动词应用单数形式。‎ ‎ Many a student has passed the exam。‎ 练习：‎ ‎1．The news for my brother。‎ ‎ A. are B. were C. be D. is ‎2．A boy with two dogs when the earthquake rocked the city。‎ ‎ A. were sleeping B. is asleep ‎ C. was sleeping D. are asleep ‎3．Everyone except Tom and John there when the meeting began。‎ ‎ A. are B. is C. was D. were ‎4．Neither he nor I from Canada。We are from Australia 。‎ ‎ A. is B. are C. am D. be ‎5．Jim works hard on his Chinese and 。‎ ‎ A. so Lucy does B. so is Lucy ‎ C. so does Lucy D. so Lucy is ‎ ‎6．Jenny and her parents going to visit the Palace Museum tomorrow。. ‎ ‎ A. is B. am C. are D. be ‎7．Henry，with his friends， volleyball every afternoon。‎ ‎ A. play B. plays C. has played D. have played ‎8．Fish and chips the most take—away food in England。‎ ‎ A. are B. is C. were D. was ‎9．My family early in the morning。‎ ‎ A. get B. gets C. has got D. have got ‎10．Maths my favorite subject。‎ ‎ A. be B. is C. am D. are ‎11. How time flies! Three years really a short time. ‎ ‎ A. is B. are C. was D. were ‎12. liu Xiang and Yao Ming are world-famous sports stars. Of them are the pride of China.‎ ‎ A. Both B. Neither C. All D. None ‎13. –Are the twins on the football team?‎ ‎ -No, neither of them on the team.‎ ‎ A. is B. are C. were D. be ‎14. Not only his parents but also his grandfather to a lot of places of interest in our country since hey came here.‎ ‎ A. has gone B. has been C. have gone D. have been ‎15.There are enough in the fridge. We don’t need to buy any.‎ ‎ A. milk B. tomatoes C. tomatos D. apple ‎16. A report says hundreds and thousands of trees in the Amazon rainforest last year.‎ ‎ A. was cut down B. have been cut down ‎ C. were cut down D. had been cut down Units3-4 复习要点 ‎ ‎1、介绍家庭成员 This/That is my sister/brother/mother…‎ ‎ These/Those are my parents/grandparents…‎ ‎ Is this/that your sister/brother…? Yes, it is./No, it isn’t.‎ ‎ Are these/those your parents/grandparents…?‎ ‎ Yes, they are. /No, they aren’t.‎ ‎ There are 3/4/5 …people in my family. They are my father, my mother,…and I.‎ ‎2、关于方位介词或短语 ‎ 表方位的介词或短语有：in,on ,under,behind,near,next to,in front of,across from,…‎ ‎ My book is on my desk, my pen is in my book…‎ ‎ Where is the backpack/pencil…? It’s in/on/under….‎ ‎ Where are the books/pens/balls…? They are in/on/under….‎ ‎3、把…带去给某人 take …to e.g:Please take these things to your sister.‎ ‎ 把…带来给某人 bring…to e.g:Can you bring my homework to school?‎ 二、代词 ( 有两种：人称代词和物主代词。) 1、人称代词分为：第一、第二、第三人称，且有单复数之分。 2、人称代词的主格在句中做主语，一般用在动词前（疑问句除外）；宾格在句中做宾语，多用于动词、介词后。 3、形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用，后面一定要跟名词，表示该名词是属于谁的。 4、名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。如：    This is my bag. = This is mine.  That is her ruler. = That is hers. 一般看后面有没有名词，如有，就用形容词性物主代词；如无，就用名词性物主代词。     请牢记下表：‎ 练一练： 1、按要求写出相应人称代词。 I（宾格）_____    she（形容词性物主代词）_______     we（名词性物主代词）_________    he（复数）_______     us（单数）_______  theirs（主格）______      its（宾格）              ‎ ‎ 2、想一想，把下表补充完整。 ‎ ‎3、用所给词的适当形式填空。 1）That is not _________ kite. That kite is very small, but _________ is very big. ( I ) 2）The dress is _________. Give it to _________. ( she ) 3）Is this _________ watch? ( you ) No, it’s not _________ . ( I ) 4）_________ is my brother. ________ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _________. ( he ) 5）_______ dresses are red. ( we ) What color are ______? ( you ) 6）Show _________ your kite, OK? ( they ) 7）I have a beautiful cat. ______name is Mimi. These cakes are ______. ( it ) ‎ ‎8）Are these ________ tickets? No, ________ are not _________. ________ aren’t here. ( they )‎ ‎9）Shall _________ have a look at that classroom? That is _________ classroom.( we ) ‎ ‎10）_____ is my aunt. Do you know _____ job? ______ a nurse. ( she ) 11）Where are _________? I can’t find _________. Let’s call _________ parents. ( they ) 12）Don’t touch ______. _______ not a cat, _______ a tiger! ( it ) 13）_________ sister is ill. Please go and get _________. ( she ) 14）The girl behind _________ is our friend. ( she )‎ 三、其他代词（有反身代词，指示代词，不定代词，疑问代词，相互代词和关系代词）‎ 反身代词：‎ 表示某人自己的代词 人称 数 单数 复数 第一人称 myself ourselves 第二人称 yourself yourselves 第三人称 himself herself itself themselves 反身代词在句中可作宾语、同位语、表语等，在使用时应注意它和它所指代的名词和代词在人称、性、数上的一致性。‎ ‎ Little Jimmy can dress himself now。‎ ‎ 小吉米现在能自己穿衣服了。（作宾语）‎ ‎ The boy in the picture is myself，not anyone else。‎ ‎ 照片上的男孩不是别人，正是我自己。（作表语）‎ ‎ I myself made the mistake about your address。‎ ‎ 我自己把你的地址搞错了。（作同位语）‎ 指示代词 指示代词是用来指示或标示人或事物的代词，表示“这个（些）”“那个（些）”，他们主要有：‎ ‎ 单 数 ‎ 复 数 近指 ‎ this 这个 ‎ these 这些 ‎ 远指 ‎ that 那个 ‎ those 那些 1. this, these往往指时间或空间较近的人或物；that,those可指时间或空间较远的人和物。‎ This gift is for you and that one is for your brother.‎ 这件礼物是你的,那件是你弟弟的.(this近指,that远指)‎ I like these games but Idon’t like those.‎ 我喜欢这些游戏,但不喜欢那些.(these近指,those远指)‎ 2. that,those常常用来代替前面已提到过的名词,以避免重复。those 代指复数形式，that代指单数形式。‎ The computer works faster than those we bought last year。‎ 这些计算机比我们去年买的工作速度快。‎ The life in the country is more peaceful than that in the city。‎ 乡村生活比城市的生活要安静。‎ 对于上文中所提到的事物，英语中常用that或those表示，而汉语却常用“这”表示。如：‎ I had a bad cold。That’s why I didn’t attend the lecture。‎ 我感冒了，这就是我为什么没去听讲座的原因。‎ Those are the DVDs you want。‎ 这就是你要的DVD碟片。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Units 5-6‎ 重点句型：‎ Do you have a basketball? ‎ Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.‎ Let’s watch TV. No, that sounds boring.‎ That sounds great.‎ Do you like hamburgers? ‎ Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.‎ I like French fries. I don’t like tomatoes.‎ 重点语法:名词 一. 名词的分类:‎ 名词分为专有名词和普通名词。专有名词指个人，地方,机构等专有名称. 如：China, Shanghai, Li lei。普通名词又分为个体名词: 某类人或东西中的个体.如fighter, gun, country, 集体名词:若干个体组成的集合体.如 family, team, police, class 物质名词：无法分为个体的实物。如 cotton, tea, air, ‎ 抽象名词: 动作, 状态, 品质, 感情等抽象概念. 如: health, happiness.‎ 个体名词和集体名词又叫做可数名词.‎ 物质名词和抽象名词又叫做不可数名词.‎ 二.名词的数。可数名词都有单数和复数之分。‎ Ⅰ: 规则的可数名词变复数的规则如下：‎ ‎ 1.一般情况加s : books, mouths, houses, girls ‎ 2.以s，sh，ch, x结尾的es: classes, boxes, matches ‎ 3.辅音字母 + y结尾的变y为i,再加es: cities,countries, parties,factories ‎ 4.以o结尾的词多数+es heroes Negroes potatoes tomatoes ‎ zeroes / zeros ‎ 以 o 结尾并且词尾有两个元音字母 +s radios, zoos, bamboos , (pianos ,kilos photos是特殊)‎ ‎ 5.以f, fe 结尾的改f,或fe为v,再+es,例如:leaves, lives, wives knives, halves, wolves ‎ The thief’s wife killed three wolves with some leaves and knives in half of her life.‎ ‎ 但是,也有一些+s,如roofs, proofs, gulfs, beliefs, ‎ handkerchiefs / handkerchieves ‎ Ⅱ: 不规则的可数名词变复数的规则：‎ ‎ 1. man—men, woman—women, tooth—teeth, foot—feet, ‎ ‎ child—children, mouse—mice, ‎ ‎ 2.单复数相同: sheep, fish, deer, means, Chinese, Japanese, ‎ ‎ fish如表示不同种类的鱼时复数是fishes; ‎ ‎ There are many kinds of fishes in that lake.‎ ‎ 3.以man, woman 修饰名词构成合成词时,两个词都变化. ‎ ‎ man servant—men servants(男仆). (boy/girl students)‎ ‎ woman doctor—women doctors.‎ ‎ 4.复合名词的复数形式:‎ ‎ son-in-law----sons-in-law (主体名词变化)‎ ‎ film-goer----film-goers, grown-up----grown-ups ‎ ‎(如果没有主体名词,在词尾加复数)‎ ‎ 5.字母,阿拉伯数字的复数形式一般加“’s ”或“s”.‎ ‎ There are two l’s in the word “ all ”.‎ ‎ It happened in the 1960’s /1960s.‎ ‎ I will not accept your if’s and but’s.‎ ‎ 6.物质名词一般没有复数，有时用复数形式表示不同种类，‎ ‎ wheats, fruits, vegetables,有时表示更广的词义，‎ ‎ wood—woods, water—waters, sand—sands ‎ 7.定冠词加姓氏的复数表示一家人。 the Turners, ‎ ‎ the Smiths, the Wangs.‎ ‎ 8.集体名词people, police, cattle 总是作复数，‎ ‎ ( people 作民族，种族时有单复数两种形式)‎ ‎ Many cattle are kept.‎ ‎ Several police were on duty.‎ ‎ The Chinese are a brave and hard-working people.‎ ‎ The English are a funny people.‎ ‎ 9.集体名词class, public, family, population, team, crew, committee 等单复数都有，但意义不同。‎ ‎ The class is big.---- The class are taking notes in English.‎ ‎ The population in China is larger.---- 80% of the population ‎ ‎ in China are peasants.‎ ‎ 10. hair， fruit 通常作单数，表示总体。‎ ‎ His hair is grey. a rich harvest of fruit ‎ 如果表示若干根头发，表示种类的水果时，可以加复数词尾。‎ ‎ He had a few white hairs. ‎ ‎ What fruits are on sale in this season ?‎ ‎ 11.以s 结尾的学科名词只作单数。mathematics , physics, politics, 等。（news）‎ ‎ 12.glasses， trousers， scissors， shoes， spectacles，等常用复数；但如果这些词前用 a pair of …// this pair of…//that pair of…等修饰时谓语动词有pair 来决定。‎ ‎ Where are my glasses ？‎ ‎ My new pair of trousers is too long.‎ ‎ Here are some new pairs of shoes.‎ ‎ 13.不可数名词没有复数形式，如果表示“一个”的概念，可用单位词。‎ ‎ a piece of news / information / advice / bread / cake / paper / meat / coal…‎ ‎ a bottle of ink, a grain of rice , a cake of soap…‎ ‎ 说明：可数名词和不可数名词之间并没有截然的界限；可数名词可以转变为不可数名词，同样不可数名词也可以转变为可数名词，要看清整个上下文的具体内容。‎ ‎ 三. 名词的所有格。‎ ‎ Ⅰ.有生命的名词所有格的构成：‎ ‎ A.一般在词尾’s. the teacher’s office, Xiao Li’s sister’s husband’s mother.‎ ‎ B. 以 s 结尾的复数名词只加’ workers’ rest homes. the masses’ request ‎ C. 不以s结尾的复数名词加’s. ‎ ‎ children’s toys Women’s Day ‎ ‎ D:复合名词只在最后一个词的后面加’s. my sister-in-law’s brother.‎ ‎ E:表示共同所有的几个名词，只在最后一个词的后面加’s. ‎ ‎ This is Tom, James and Dick’s room.‎ ‎ F:表示各个所有关系的几个名词，在每个名词后分别加’s. ‎ ‎ Jenny’s, Jean’s and Mary’s rooms face to the south.‎ ‎ G:名词短语只在最后一个词后加’s. ‎ a quarter of an hour’s talk.‎ ‎ Ⅱ. 名词所有格的用法：‎ ‎ 1. 名词所有格主要用于表示有生命的名词，表示所属关系。‎ ‎ Lei Feng’s dairy. the Working People’s Palace of Culture.‎ ‎ 2.也可用于表示时间的名词。‎ ‎ today’s paper. an hour’s drive. Friday’s work.‎ ‎ 3. 也可用于表示地理、国家、城市等名词。‎ ‎ the country’s plan. the farm’s fruit. China’s population.‎ ‎ 4.也可用于表示由人组成的集体名词。‎ ‎ our Party’s stand（党的立场）‎ ‎ 5. 也可用于表示度量、价值的名词。‎ ‎ two dollars’ worth of books. a pound’s weight.‎ ‎ (现代英语中，这种用法越来越多。)‎ ‎ Ⅲ.凡不能用’s 属格的情况可用 of 属格表示所属关系。‎ ‎ the City of New York. a map of China. ‎ ‎ 特别是下列情况要用of 属格：‎ ‎ ⑴当名词有较长的定语时，‎ ‎ the name of the girl standing at the gate.‎ ‎ Have you read the articles of the students who were with us yesterday.‎ ‎ ⑵所修饰的名词前有数量词时，‎ ‎ a play of Comrade Li’s. some friends of my brother’s .‎ ‎ ⑶所修饰的名词前有一个指示代词时，‎ ‎ that performance of the teachers’ .‎ ‎ Ⅳ.双重所有格：‎ ‎ 当of前面的名词有不定冠词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词或数词如 a, an, this, that, these, those, two, three, four, any, some, several, no, few ,another等修饰时，用双重所有格，双重所有格只用于表示人的名词并且都是特指的。‎ ‎ a poem of Lu Xun’s . a friend of his/hers . ‎ ‎ Which novel of Dicken’s are you reading ?‎ ‎ some friends of my brothers’ .‎ V.几种特殊情况：‎ ‎ the key to the door. keys to the exercises. ‎ ‎ notes to the text answers to the question ‎ tickets for the film//movie ‎ a check for $1500. anyone else’s book. ‎ the monument to the people’s heroes.‎ the entrance to the station//cinema 在现代英语中of属格大都可用’s 所有格代替。 ‎ 相关练习： ‎ ‎ 1---I feel tired. I have so much work to do and don’t have much time for myself,‎ ‎--you should take ________i think.‎ A health B time C lesson D erecise ‎2--Ask the naughty boys not to manke any _______.‎ ‎ I can’t fall asleep.‎ A noise B sound C voice D singing ‎3.During Christams people get together and sing Christams songs for ________‎ A thanks B wishes C interest D fun ‎4.we have _________at seven in the morning.‎ A breakfast B lunch C supper D dinner ‎ ‎5 –Please give me a____ when you arrive. ‎ ‎--OK. I’ll tell everything as soon as I get there.‎ A hand B present C ring D ride ‎ ‎6.We watch evening news on Channel I of ______at 7:00 in the evering .‎ A.MTV B CAAC C.CCTV D. WTO ‎ ‎7---Can you tell me when ________is ?‎ ‎---Yes. It’s on the third Sunday in June.‎ A Mother’s Day B.Father’s Day ‎ C. Tree Planthing Day D .Thanksgiving Day ‎ ‎8.Where is Tom ? He’s left a ________ saying that he has something important to do .‎ A excuse B sentence C message D news ‎ ‎9 If you want to know the meaning of a word ,you can look it up in a _________. ‎ A diary B diagram C newspaper D dictionary ‎ ‎10.The waiter or the waitress usually gives us a ______ before we order dishes in a restaurant.‎ A menu B bill C list D form ‎ ‎11.Some ________are flying kites near the river ‎ A child B boy C boys D childs ‎ ‎12.---What would you like to drink,girls?‎ A Two cup of coffee B Two cups of coffee C Two cups of coffee D Two cup of coffees ‎13.My school is about twenty _________walk from here ‎ A minute B minutes’ C minute’s D minutes ‎ ‎14.It’s _______bedroom . It’s clean and tidy. ‎ A .Lily ang lucy B .Lily ang Lucy’s ‎ C .Lily’s ang Luck D. Lily ang Luck’s ‎ ‎15. They are those _____bags. Please put them on the bus ‎ A visitor B visitors C visitor’s D visitors’‎ ‎16. A lot of stone tables and chairs are _____of the river and the number of them is growing _______‎ A on both side ,greater B on each sides ,more ‎ C on both sides, larger D on each side , more ‎ ‎17. I am thirsty. Would you bring me ______, please?‎ A some bread B some water C some cakes D some eggs ‎18.These Germans want to have some ______for supper, so they decide to catch________now.‎ A. fish ,many B. fishes ,much C fish , much D fishes ,many ‎19. The guide has some new ______.She can show them to us ‎ A rice B food C jacket D pictures ‎ ‎20 I’m afraid that there is no ______for you in my car ,because there are already five people ‎ A land B fround C room D floor ‎ Units7—8‎ 重点句型 ‎1 How much is the red sweater?It’s eight dollars.‎ ‎2 How much are these white pants?They’re ten dollars.‎ ‎3 Can I help you ?What color do you want ?Here you are .I’ll take it/them.‎ ‎4 When is your birthday?My birthday is January fifteen.‎ ‎5 How old are you?I’m thirteen.‎ ‎6 When is the school trip?It’s April 19th.‎ 重点语法 基数词的构成及用法构成：‎ ‎1．1-12的表述 ‎1-12各有各的形式，即one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，ten，eleven，twelve。‎ ‎2．13-19的表述 ‎13-19的数字皆以-teen[ti：n]结尾，其中，fourteen，sixteen，seventeen，eighteen和nineteen分别由four，six，seven，eight，nine加后缀-teen变成的，eighteen中只保留一个t。thirteen，fifteen分别由three和five转花而来。‎ ‎3．20-90数字的表达 ‎20-90的数字皆以-ty结尾，其中，sixty，seventy，eighty，ninety分别由six,seven,eight和nine加后缀—ty构成，eighty中只保留一个t。其他同上。‎ ‎4．20-99之间的数字的表达 ‎20-99之间的数词须在十位和个位之间加连字符“-”，如twenty-five。‎ ‎5．百位以上的数字的表达以及读 在表达百位以上的数字时，必须在百位，十位和个位之间加and，在读音时也应读上and，如：104可表达为one hundred and four，486读作four hundred and eighty-six。‎ ‎6．“万”的表达.‎ 英语中没有万和亿单词，只有百（hundred），千（thousand），百万（million），十亿（billion）。英语中表示“万”时，用10千。如：forty thousand四万。表示“亿”时需用百万来表示。如：two hundred million两亿。‎ ‎7. 1，000以上的数字。‎ 每三位数加“，”。第一个“，”前为thousand,第二个“，”前为million,第三个“，”前为billion.3,333,333,333读为three billion,three hundred and thirty-three million, three hundred and thirty-three thousand,three hundred and thirty ‎ 8. hundred,thousand,million ‎ 前有若有具体数字时，要用单数形式，但如果他们后面有of ,则要用复数形式。同时，前面不能再加具体的数目。‎ 序数词的构成及用法 ‎1 第一，第二，第三分别为first,second,third.‎ ‎2 第四到第十九都有相应的基数词加th构成，有几个特殊，即fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth.‎ ‎3 第几十把y改为 i加eth.. twentieth,ninetieth ‎4 序数词之前要加定冠词或代词。但序数词表名词时，可不用冠词。Who won first?‎ ‎ 序数词表“再一”，“又一”时不用定冠词，只需在前面加a ‎ He failed once .Then he tried a second time.‎ ‎5序数词的缩写形式是在数字后面直接加上序数词最后两个字母构成。1st,2nd,3rd,4th,21st,22nd,34th……‎ ‎6 100以上的序数词的表示方法 第100为100th (读作 one hundredth),101st 读作one hundred and first,其他的依次类推 分数的表示法 ‎1 分数的表示法：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大与一时，分母用复数形式。‎ ‎ 2|3 two thirds 3|5 three fifths ‎2 整数与分数之间用and 连接。 One /an hour and a half ‎3 分数的用法结构为“分数+of+the+名词”表示“。。。。的几分之几”，当其作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于短语中名词的复数 ‎ One third of the shop assisstant in this departmentstore men 年月日的表达法 公元1900年：读作 nineteen hundred. ‎ 公元1908年：nineteeen and eight或nineteen hundred and eight 或one nine oh eight ‎2004年11月25 日：November 25（th）,2004（thNovemb读作November （the） twenty-fifth,two thousand and four.‎ 在表示时间时，英语中常用日—月—年或月---日---年的顺序。如2004年6月1日在英语中可写为：June1,2004或1　June ,2004 或1/6/2004 或1.6,2004。在美国也可写为 6/1/2004或6．１,2004‎ 时间的表达法 ‎8：21读作twenty-one past eight 或eight twenty –one ‎8:56 读作four to nine 或eight fifty-six ‎8:30 读作eight-thirty 或 half past eight 在表达时刻时，如果在30分钟内，可用past 和after,如9：25 作 twenty –five past nine 或twenty-five after nine.如果超过30分钟，则用to ,如9：55读作 five to ten 练习 ‎ 1,-What’s the date today?-It’s _________.‎ ‎ A Saturday. B June C June 1st ‎ 2,Can you see any potatoes in______picture?‎ ‎ A the second B second C, two ‎ ‎ 3,I hear we will have a_________holiday in___________.‎ A, two day’s, two day’s time B, two-day, two days’ time ‎ C, two days, two-day time ‎ ‎ 4,The_____man on the left is Beckham, a famous football player.‎ ‎ A, two B, second C, three ‎5,He believed his lucky number was ten, so he decided to live on the _____ floor.‎ ‎ A lowest B, ten C, tenth ‎ ‎6,-Which class won the match in the end?‎ ‎ -I’m not quite sure. Maybe_________ did.‎ ‎ A, Class Third B, Class three C, third Class D, Class Three ‎7-How often are the Olympic Games held?-_______ four years.‎ ‎ A, Every B, Each C, In D, For ‎8-Could you please tell me what time it is now? -Certainly, it’s_________.‎ ‎ A, ten and twenty B, twenty past ten C ten twenty D,both B and C ‎9 Although I failed four times, my father encouraged me to have a_______try.‎ ‎ A second B, third C, fourth D fifth ‎ ‎10 LiuXiang, 21 , is an Olympic winner in the ________hurdles(跨栏).We’re proud of him.‎ ‎ A,110-metre B,110-metres C,110 metre ‎11Harbin is a beautiful city.__________ people come here to visit the Sun Island every year.‎ ‎ A,Thousands B,Thousand of C,Thousands of ‎ ‎12,Nanjing is a city with many places of interest.______ tourists come here every year.‎ ‎ A,Thousand of B, Thousand C, Thousands D, Thousands of ‎13,-How many people are there in Changsha? -About six ______.‎ ‎ A, million B, millions C, millions of ‎14,-How many students are there in your newly built school? -Two thousand in _________classrooms.‎ ‎ A, four B, fourth C, forty D, the fortieth ‎15,Our summer holiday is coming. Two _______ the students in our school will go to the beach.‎ ‎ A, hundred B, hundred C, hundred of D, hundreds of ‎16,The old tower looks nice. It’s about________.‎ ‎ A, twelve-meter-high B, twelve-meters high ‎ C, twelve-meter high D, twelve meters high ‎17,In the past few years, many tall buildings have been built in our city. The tallest is an ________that stands in the centre.‎ ‎ A,80-floor building B,60-floor buildings ‎ C,80-floor buildings D,70-floors building ‎18,-Do you know when the PLA was founded?- __________.‎ ‎ A, On October 1,1949 B, On August 1 ,1927 ‎ ‎ C, On July 1,1921 D, In May, 1922‎ ‎19,-What’s the population of the world? -It’s more than __________.‎ ‎ A, five billion B, six billion C, seven billion D, eight billion 购物时的日常用语 ‎1 我能帮你吗？‎ What can I for you ?Can (may) I help you? Is there anything I can do for you? May I do something for you?‎ ‎2 Which shirt…..do you like? What size (color, kind….)do you want ?What about these (those)?What else do would you like?‎ ‎3 Can you show me…?I would like (want)some …Have you got any ….?I’m looking for …?May I have a look at it /them? It’s too big /small .How much is it?(are they)Can it/(they) be cheaper?That’s much too dear.How much do you want ?I’ll take it/them Unit 9—Unit 10‎ 重点短语 ‎1. go to a movie去看电影 2. learn about 了解 ‎ ‎3. on weekends 在周末 4. speak English 说英语 ‎5. play the guitar 弹吉他 6. play chess 下象棋 ‎7. be good with 与……相处很好 ‎8. help sb. with sth./doing sth. 帮助某人做某事 ‎9. play the drums 打鼓 10. play the piano 弹钢琴 ‎11. want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 ‎12. do Chinese Kungfu 表演中国功夫 重点句型 ‎1．-Let’s go to the movies. –Sure. That sounds interesting.‎ ‎2. –What kind of movies do you like? –I like action movies.‎ ‎3. –Do you want to go to a movie? ‎ ‎–Yes, I do. I want to see an action movie.‎ ‎4. -Does he/she want to go to a movie?‎ ‎ -Yes, he/she does. No, he/she doesn’t.‎ ‎5. I like thrillers and I also like action movies.‎ ‎ I like comedies but I don’t like documentaries.‎ ‎6. What kind of shows are scary?‎ ‎7. Who is your favorite actor?‎ ‎8. Let’s join the basketball club.‎ ‎9. What about you?‎ ‎10. -Which club do you want to join? -I want to join the art club.‎ ‎11. -Can you play the guitar? -Oh, yes. And I can play it well.‎ ‎12. Can you help the kids with swimming?‎ ‎13.- What can you do? -I can dance.‎ 重点词语 ‎1. want的用法: 及物动词,后面可接名词,代词, 动词不定式,还可以用want sb. to do sth..‎ I want to go to a movie. I want him to come to my birthday party.‎ ‎2. say, talk, speak tell的区别:‎ Say是及物动词, 强调说话内容, 后要跟宾语,但宾语只能是 “话”而不能是人.‎ What did he say about it?‎ He says, “Let me help you.”‎ Talk强调谈话的动作,不强调谈话的内容,可以和speak替换。后接to 或with sb 表示“与某人谈话”。 接about 或of 表示谈话的内容。‎ What are you talking about？ He’s talking to us about you.‎ Tell 后面接双宾语或复合宾语, 表示“告诉，讲述”。‎ Miss Gao often tells us English stories in class.‎ Speak强调说话的能力,方式和对象,不强调说话的内容。作及物动词用时后只接语言；作不及物动词用时后常接to sb或with sb表示“与……说话”，接about 或of，表示“谈到……”，speak也常作为打电话用语。‎ She speaks English very well. He is speaking at the meeting.‎ I’d like to speak to you about my son.‎ 冠词的用法 一、 不定冠词的用法 ‎1.表示某一类人或某事物中的任何一个，经常用在第一次提到某人或某物时，用不定冠词起介绍作用，表示一个。‎ I am reading an interesting story.‎ There is a tree in front of my house.‎ ‎2.代表人或事物的某一种类，强调整体，即以其中的一个代表一类。用来列举此类人或事物中的任何一个都具有某种能力或某种特征。‎ A horse is useful to mankind. A bird can fly.‎ ‎3.代表所属的类别，这种用法表示人或事物的身份、性质等。‎ ‎ My father is a doctor.‎ ‎ My wish is to become a teacher when I grow up.‎ ‎4.用在事物的“单位”前，如时间、速度、价格等有意义的名词之前，表示“每一”。‎ ‎ We often go to school twice a day.‎ ‎ Take this medicine three times a day and very soon you’ll feel better. ‎ ‎5.用力指某人某物，但不具体指任何人或任何物，只说明大体情况。‎ ‎ A boy came to see you a moment ago. I got this tool in a shop.‎ ‎ We need a car now. She is ill, she has to see a doctor.‎ ‎6.用于某些固定词组。‎ a few 几个 a little 有点 a lot of 很多 have a good time 玩得高兴 have a rest 休息一下 She has a few friends in this city. There is a little milk in the bottle.‎ ‎7.不定冠词的习惯用法。‎ ‎ 英语中的很多习惯用法中都含有不定冠词，一般没有明确的规律可遵循，只能通过更多的积累和反复的实践才能牢固掌握。常见不定冠词的习惯短语归纳如下：‎ ‎ a moment ago 一会儿前 twice a week 每周两次 ‎ for a time 一段时间 in a while 一会儿后 ‎ in a moment 一会儿后 just a moment/minute 一会儿 ‎ ‎ after a time/while 一段时间之后 二、 定冠词的用法 ‎1.特指某（些）人或某（些）事物，以区别于同类中其他的人或事物。‎ ‎ The bag in the desk is mine. Is this the book you are looking for?‎ ‎2. 指上文中已提到过的人或事物或谈话双方都知道的人或事物。‎ ‎ I bought a book from Xinhua book-shop.The book costs 15 yuan.‎ ‎ Would you mind turning up the radio a little? I can’t hear it clearly.‎ ‎3.表示世界上独一无二的食物（主要指各种天体及世界上比较有影响的物体）或用于自然界现象。‎ ‎ the sun太阳 the moon 月亮 the earth 地球 the sky 天空 ‎ the world 世界 the winter night 冬夜 ‎ I like to have a walk with the bright moon light in the evening.‎ ‎4.定冠词与单数名词连用，表示这一类人或物。‎ ‎ The dog is not dangerous.‎ 用法比较 ‎ A cat has sharp eyes at night. Cats are loved by many people.‎ ‎ The cat can catch the mouse. The cats here don’t like fish.‎ 前三句中的a cat, cats, the cat 都可表示泛指意义的“猫”，但之间略有区别。a cat 突出强调这类事物中的任何一个；cats突出强调猫这一群体；the cat是与其他事物相对照而言的。第四句中的the cats 是特指。‎ ‎5.定冠词与某些形容词连用，使形容词名词化，表示某一类人。‎ ‎ the poor 穷人 the rich 富人 the wounded 受伤者 ‎ the sick 病人 the deaf 聋子 ‎ The new is to take the place of the old. ‎ ‎6.用在序数词、形容词最高级所修饰的名词前。‎ ‎ This is the biggest city in China I have ever visited.‎ ‎ He is the first to come and the last to leave.‎ ‎7.用于表示具体的地点、方位、具体的时间或某天的一个部分等。‎ ‎ We have friends all over the world.‎ ‎ My parents live in the peaceful countryside.‎ ‎8.用在演奏乐器的名称和文艺活动、运动场所的名称前。‎ ‎ The little girl likes to play the violin.‎ ‎ They are going to the cinema tonight.‎ ‎9.用在报刊、杂志的名称的名词前。‎ ‎ I am reading the China Daily now.‎ ‎ Have you got the Evening Paper yet?‎ ‎10.用在江河、海洋、山脉、群岛的名称之前。‎ ‎ We live near the Yellow River.‎ ‎ The Changjiang River is the biggest one in China.‎ ‎11.用在姓名复数名词之前，表示一家人。‎ ‎ The Greens are very kind to us. The Whites like the classic music.‎ ‎12.用于某些固定短语中。‎ ‎ by the way 顺便 join the army 参军listen to the radio 听收音机 tell the truth 说实话 go to the cinema 去看电影 ‎ all the same 完全一样 just the same 完全一样 ‎ with the help of 在…的帮助下 ‎ on/over/through the radio 从收音机上 三、 不用冠词的用法 ‎1.专有名词、抽象名词和物质名词之前一般不用冠词。‎ ‎ I think water is a kind of food , too. Money is not everything.‎ ‎2.表示日常餐食名词之前不用冠词。‎ ‎ It’s time for breakfast. What do you have for lunch?‎ ‎ 用法点津：‎ ① 如果指具体的饮食词前用定冠词the。‎ The dinner I had at that restaurant was expensive.‎ ② 当三餐前有形容词修饰时常加不定冠词。‎ We had a rich lunch yesterday. ‎ ‎3.在季节、月份、星期、节日、球类运动、棋类游戏的名词之前不用冠词。‎ ‎ Summer is hot and winter is cold here. New Year’s Day is coming.‎ ‎ Today is the first day of May.‎ Do you like to play football or baseball?‎ ‎4.在集体的学科、各种语言前不用冠词。‎ ‎ Can you speak English? It’s difficult to learn Physics well.‎ ‎5.在家庭、单位、某一组织中处于独一无二的地位或职位时，一般不用冠词。‎ Mr. Smith, head of the group, will plan for the whole trip.‎ I usually help my Dad on the farm on Sundays.‎ ‎6.名词前如果出现this, that, this, my, Jane’s, some, any等限定词时，其前不能再加冠词。‎ ‎ This is my address. His camera is like mine.‎ ‎7.某些固定词组不用冠词。‎ ‎ by air 乘飞机 on foot 步行 at night 晚上 ‎ after school 放学后 at home 在家 go to class 上课 ‎ in fact 事实上 from morning till night 从早到晚 练习：‎ ‎1. Tom Hanks is American actor.‎ ‎ A. a B. an C. the D. 不填 ‎2. –Do you enjoy your stay in Hangzhou?‎ ‎ --Yes. I’ve had wonderful time.‎ ‎ A. / B. a C. the D. an ‎3. --Ellen, you look so happy.‎ ‎--Well, I’ve got A in my history test.‎ ‎ A. a B. an C. the D. /‎ ‎4. Millie has e-dog and its name is Hobo.‎ ‎ A. a B. an C. the D. 不填 ‎ ‎5. ---What’s this in English? ---It’s ruler.‎ ‎ A. a B. the C. 不填 ‎ ‎6. We’re going to have exam tomorrow.‎ ‎ A. a B. an C. the D. /‎ ‎7. There is apple tree in my garden. It’s over ten years old.‎ ‎ A. the B. a C. an D. 不填 ‎8. ---What can I do for you?‎ ‎ ---I want orange blouse for my daughter.‎ ‎ A. an B. the C., a D. /‎ ‎9. exciting news! We will have long holiday after the exam.‎ ‎ A. What a, an B. What, a C. How an, the D. How, the ‎10. ---Do you know lady in blue？‎ ‎ A. the B. a C. an D. 不填 ‎11. ---Excuse me, sir, which cup is yours? --- small one.‎ ‎ A. / B. A C. An D. The ‎12. history of this special Pacific island brought unusual feeling to me.‎ ‎ A. The, a B. A, an C. The, an D. A, a ‎13. This is song I’ve told you about. Isn’t it beautiful one?‎ ‎ A. the, a B. the, the C. a, a D. a , the ‎14. Look at skirt, I bought it for Mum on Mother’s Day. Isn’t it nice?‎ ‎ A. a B. an C. the D. 不填 ‎15. ---Mum, where is my MP3?‎ ‎ ---It’s in black box near the computer.‎ ‎ A. a B. an C. the D. /‎ ‎16. ---Who is man with glasses?‎ ‎ ---Oh, he’s our new English teacher, Mr. Li.‎ ‎ A. a B. an C. the D. /‎ ‎17. My brother studies in university. university is very far from here. ‎ ‎ A. an, The B. a, The C. the, A D. a, A ‎18. Could you tell me answer to this problem? I can’t work out it myself.‎ ‎ A. a B. an C. the D. 不填 ‎19. People like to see films on TV instead of going to cinema.‎ ‎ A. the, the B. 不填, the C. the, 不填 ‎20. In the United States, Father’s Day falls on third Sunday in ‎ June.‎ ‎ A. the, 不填 B. the , a C. 不填，the D. a, 不填 ‎21. ---What can I do for you, madam?‎ ‎ ---I want orange skirt for my daughter.‎ ‎ A. a B. the C. an D.不填 ‎22. ---Did you do well in English exam?‎ ‎ ---Yes, I got “A”.‎ ‎ A. the, an B. an, the C. a, / D. the, a ‎23. ---What are you going to be when you grow up?‎ ‎ ---I hope to be animal doctor when I grow up.‎ ‎ A. a B. an C. the D. 不填 ‎24. ---What’s the matter with you?‎ ‎ ---I caught bad cold and had to stay in bed.‎ ‎ A. a, / B. a, the C. a, a D. the, the ‎25. ---Did you see the football match last night?‎ ‎ ---Yes, I’ve never seen exciting match before.‎ ‎ A. such a B. so a C. such an D. so an ‎26. ---How do you get home from ? By bus?‎ ‎ ---No, I walk. isn’t very far.‎ ‎ A. school, The school B. the school, The school ‎ C. the school, School D. school, School ‎27. My uncle isn’t old man, and he likes playing football.‎ ‎ A. a, a B. an, an C. the, the D. an, /‎ ‎28. ---How far is it from our school to seaside?‎ ‎ ---It is eight-kilometre walk from here.‎ ‎ A. the, an B. /, an C. the, a D. /, a ‎29. ---Have you seen pen? I left it here this morning.‎ ‎ ---Is it black one? I think I saw it somewhere.‎ ‎ A. a, the B. the, the C. the, a D. a, a ‎30. There’s dictionary on desk near the window.‎ ‎ A. a, the B. the, the C. the, a D. the, the ‎ Units11-12复习要点 一、常用句型 ‎1、What time do you get up? —I get up at six o'clock.‎ ‎2、What time does he/she go to school? —He/She goes to school at …‎ ‎3、What’s your favorite subject? —My favorite subject is English.‎ ‎4、What’s his/her favorite subject? —His/Her favorite subject is …‎ ‎5、Why do you/does he/she like …? ‎ Because it’s interesting/fun/relaxing…‎ 二、时间的表达法 ‎1、直接表达法 e.g：5:30 读作：five thirty ‎2、分钟≦30 e.g：5:30 读作：half past five ‎ 5:25 读作：twenty-five past five ‎ ‎ 5:15 读作：a quarter past five ‎3、60＞分钟＞30 e.g: 5:40 读作：twenty to six ‎ e.g: 5:45 读作：a quarter to six 三、介词的用法 一种虚词。不能单独作句子成分，它只有跟它后面的宾语一起构成介词短语，才能在句子中起作用。有：in, on, under, with, behind, about, near, before, after, for, to, up, down, from, in front of, out of, from…to…, at the back of…‎ 中考介词主要考查要点如下： 1、介词与其后的名词或代词构成介词短语，在句中作状语、宾语、表语、宾补语后置定语。‎ ‎2、介词与其前面的动词或形容词构成动词词组，后面要有宾语。这时的词组相当于一个及物动词。e.g: play with, be afraid of…。 3、表示时间的介词有：at, on, in。（1）at表示“在某一个具体的时间点上”，或用在固定词组中。如：at ten o’clock, at 9:30 a.m., at night, at the weekend…（2）on表示“在某日或某日的时间段”。如：on Friday, on the first of October, on Monday morning…（3）in表示“在某一段时间（月份、季节）里”。如：in the afternoon, in September, in summer, in 2005…‎ ‎4、in一词还有其他的固定搭配，如：in blue（穿着蓝色的衣服），in English（用英语表达），take part in（参加）。‎ ‎5、in,to,on表示方位：in表示在某一地区之内的方位（属于该范围）。On表示与某一地区的毗邻关系。to表示在某一地区之外的某一方位（不属于该范围）他们所表示的位置关系恰似数学中圆的“包含（in）、相离（to）、相切（on）”关系。如：‎ Taiwan is in the southeast of China. 台湾位于中国东南部。‎ England lies to the west of France. 英格兰在法国的东面。‎ Hubei is on the north of Hunan. 湖北在湖南的北面。‎ ‎ 指地点时，in表示“国家”、“城市”等大地方，如：in shanghai, in China等。at表示某一点或用于小地点前。‎ 注意：in表示“在……里面、内部、某一范围内”，on表示“在……上”，请比较：‎ on the tree表示树上长的东西“在树上”。‎ in the tree表示鸟或其他东西“在树上”。‎ on the wall表示东西张贴或挂“在墙上”。‎ in the wall表示门、窗等嵌“在墙上”。‎ ‎6、某些意思比较相近的介词用法辨析。‎ ① across, through的用法区别 ‎ 两者都表示“穿过，越过”，across含有“从……穿过”之意，或沿某一条线的方向而进行的动作；through含有“从……中间穿过”之意，当表示游、渡、乘船过海或过河时，用across。如：‎ The river runs through the city. 这条河从这个城市中间流过。‎ Go across the bridge, and you’ll find the park.‎ 越过这座桥，你就会找到公园。‎ ② over, above, on的用法区别 ‎ above 和over都表示“在……上方”， above指在上方的任意一点，表示在某物上的高低位置，不接触，其反义词是below；over一般指垂直方向， 其反义词是under；on表示“在……上面”，且互相接触。如：‎ There is a pen on the desk .桌子上有一支钢笔。‎ There is a bridge over the river.河上有座桥。‎ The moon is now above the trees in the east. 月亮这是已在东边树林的上空。‎ ③ in, after用法区别 in和after表示时间时，都是“在……以后”的意思，in表示从现在算起到若干时间以后，用于一般将来时和过去将来时。after表示从过去算起到若干时间以后，用于一般过去时。in只可接时间段，after除接时间段以外，还可接时间点。如： ‎ I’ll come back in a day or two.我一两天后就回来。‎ He left on Monday and returned after three days.他星期一离开的，三天后回来的。‎ I’ll ring you up after two o’clock.我将在两点钟后给你打电话。‎ ④ in，by, with的用法区别 ‎ in 通常表示“用……语言、声音等”，也可表示“用……工具、材料等”；by后一般跟动名词或抽象化的可数名次（其前不用冠词），意为“用……手段或方式”；with表示“借助于某一具体的工具、材料或人体器官”。试比较：‎ They’re talking in English.他们在用英语交谈。‎ Do you usually go to school by bike?你通常骑自行车上学吗？‎ The old man had to make money by selling vegetables.那老人不得不靠卖菜挣钱。‎ People here build houses with stones.这里的人们用石头砌房子。‎ ⑤ but, except, besides的用法区别 But表示“除……之外”，常与表否定意义的词连用。当but前有动词do的某种形式时，but后接动词原形。如：‎ No body knew it but me.除了我之外，没有人知道此事。‎ Last night I did nothing but repair my farm tools.昨晚我除了修理农具外，没有做其他的事。‎ except表示“除……之外（不再有）”，指从整体中排除except所带的人或物，它前面常有all, every, any, no等及其复合词。如：‎ The students go to school every day except Saturday and Sunday.‎ 除了星期六和星期天以外，学生们每天都上学。‎ We all went to visit the zoo except Li Lei.‎ 除了李雷外，我们都去了动物园。‎ 但在否定句中，except却不表排斥性。如：‎ She knows nothing except English. 它除了英语以外，什么也不懂。‎ Nobody came to see me except Jim. 除了吉姆，没有人来看我。‎ Besides表示“除了……之外(还有）”，它的意思是在原来的基础上加上besides所包括的人或物，其前常有other, another, any other, a few等词。如：‎ Do you know any other language besides German? 除了德语外，你还懂别的语言吗？‎ Li Lei also went to the park besides you. 除了你之外，李雷也去了公园。‎ 练一练： 1、选用括号内恰当的介词填空。 1) What’s this _____( at, on, in ) English? 2) Christmas is _____ ( at, on, in ) the 25th of December. 3) The man ______ ( with, on, in ) black is Su Hai’s father. 4) He doesn’t do well _____ ( at, on, in ) PE. 5) Look at those birds ______ ( on, in ) the tree. 6) We are going to meet _______ ( at, on, in ) the bus stop ______( at, on, in ) half past ten. 7) Is there a cat ______ ( under, behind, in ) the door? 8) Helen’s writing paper is ______ ( in, in front of ) her computer. 9) We live _______ ( at, on, in ) a new house now. 10) Does it often rain ________ ( at, on, in ) spring there?‎ ‎2、选择正确的答案 ‎1） My father goes to work ______ his car. ‎ A. by B. in C. on ‎2） I often go shopping with my mother _____ Sunday mornings. ‎ A. in B. at C. for D. on ‎ ‎3） The foreigners arrived________Shanghai late________night ‎ A. at, at B. in, at C. in, in D. at, in ‎4） A group______ boys and girls are dancing in the park.‎ A. with B. of C. for D. to ‎5） Tom always comes late_______school.‎ A. at B. inside C. to D. for ‎ ‎6） The shop____ clothes is _____the right side _____ the street.‎ A. of, at, beside B. for, on, at C. for, on, of D. of, in, of ‎ ‎7）My father returned at 10 o’clock _______of June 15.‎ A .in the night B .by the night C .on the night D .at night ‎8） China built a Great Wall ____the northern part ______the country.‎ A. to, in B. across, of C. across, on D. at, of ‎9） The woman _______a red dress is my aunt.‎ A .in B .at C .of D .on ‎10） I remember Susan left ______a very cold morning of January.‎ A .in B .on C .at D .from ‎11） No one can stop her ______leaving for Shanghai.‎ A .of B .from C .to D .for ‎12） ______ the money, she bought a new coat ______ her father.‎ A. With, for B. With, to C. For, with D. To, with ‎13）Taiwan is the southeast of China.‎ A. at B. on C. to D. in ‎14) All the clerks went home Mr. Wang, for he had to finish his work.‎ A. except B. besides C. without D. on ‎15) I hear the 2006 World Cup is held in Germany June 9th July 9th.‎ A. on; and B. from; to C. between; on D. during; to 3、圈出下列句子中运用不恰当的介词，并将正确的答案写在横线上。 1) Jim is good in English and Maths.       __________          ‎ ‎2) The films were in the ground just now.    __________      3) They are talking to their plans.    __________   ‎ ‎4) How many students have their birthdays on May?  _________   ‎ ‎5） Women’s Day is at the eighth of March.   __________ ‎ ‎6) I can jog to school on the morning.      __________     7) Did you water trees at the farm?       _________   ‎ ‎8) Can you come and help me on my English?  _________         9) I usually take photos in Sunday morning.    __________  ‎ ‎10) What did you do on the Spring Festival?  __________‎