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中考英语复习纲要
中考英语复习纲要 1. sb.used to do sth. 过去曾做过某事 sb. be/ get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 sth.be used to do sth. (某物)被用来做某事 There used to be…以前曾有… e.g. 1) Does your father smoke?-- No, but he used to.你爸爸抽烟吗?-不,但他以前抽。 2) I used to get up very late in the morning, but now I’m used to getting up early. 我以前早上起得很晚,但现在我习惯早起。 3) Stamps are used to send letters. ==Stamps are used for sending letters. 邮票被用来寄信。 练习:(1)以前我晚饭后看一小时电视新闻,但现在我习惯于一吃完晚饭就做功课。 I used to spend an hour watching TV news after supper, but now I’m used to doing my homework as soon as I have dinner/ supper. (2)手机可以被用来打电话和发送文本信息。 Mobile phones can be used to make telephone calls and send text messages. (3)这里以前有一个小店,但现在已经变成一家大超市。 There used to be a shop here, but now it has been turned into a large/ big supermarket. (4)我爷爷习惯于饭后小睡一会儿。 My grandfather is used to having a little sleep after lunch. 2. arrive in/at, reach, get to 到达 练习:1)今天早上你几点到达学校的?―7:15。 What time did you get to/ arrive at/ reach school this morning?—At 7:15. 2)妈妈要求我6点前到家。 Mum asks/requires me to get /reach/ arrive home before 6 o’clock. 3)当Green先生到达北京机场时,天正在下大雨。 It was raining hard/ heavily when Mr. Green got to/ arrived at/ reached Beijing Airport. 4)当他赶到时,火车已经开走了。 When he arrived, the train had already left. arrive 可单独使用,后面不带宾语, 而get/reach则不能 3.The number of+复数名词+单数(is/was)… …的数量是… A (large) number of +复数名词+(谓语动词)复数 许多…=many, a lot of, lots of 修饰复数名词 A (large) amount of +不可数名词+(谓语动词)单数 = a lot of, lots of, much e.g. The number of students in our school is 1500, and a number of them study very hard. 我校学生的数量是1500,他们中很多都学得很努力。 政府已经在教育上花费了大量的金钱。 The government has spent a large amount of money on education. 练习:1)现在熊猫的数量正在变得越来越少。(8A Unit 4) 2)许多野生动物失去了生活地区,所以我们应该尽力保护它们。 A number of wild animals have lost their living areas, so we should try our best to protect them. 4.spend, take, cost, pay 花费 (spend-spent-spent; take-took-taken; cost-cost-cost; pay-paid-paid) 1) sb. spends some time/money on sth. / doing sth. 2) It takes sb. some time to do sth. 3) sth. costs sb some money 4) sb. pays some money for sth. 练习:(注意以上句型中的主语) (1)汤姆每天在电脑上花很多时间。 Tom spends a lot of time on computer every day. (2)昨晚完成这些练习花了我半小时。 It took me half an hour to finish these exercises last night. (3)这件兽皮大衣花了她5,000元。 The coat made of animal fur cost her 5,000 yuan. (4)上星期天我花了30元钱买那张CD。 I paid 30 yuan for that CD last Sunday. 5. bring(带来), take(带去), carry(搬运,无方向) 1)外面在下大雨,妈妈叫我带把雨伞去学校。 It was raining heavily outside, and Mum asked me to take an umbrella to school. 2)别忘了明天把你的相册带来。 Don’t forget to bring your photo album here tomorrow. 3)这个箱子太重了,我搬不动。 This box was too heavy for me to carry. / This box was so heavy that I couldn’t carry it. 6.tell, speak, say, talk tell sb. sth./ that…;告诉某人某事/后跟宾语从句 tell sb. a story/joke (给某人)讲故事/笑话 speak +语言; speak at the meeting会议上发言; speak to sb. (电话用语) 找某人接电话 say +说话内容; say sth. in +语言 talk to/ with sb. about sth. 跟某人谈论某事 1)他很幽默,常给我们讲笑话。 He has a good sense of humour and often tells us jokes. 2)我不会讲法语,所以不知道这个用法语怎么说。 I can’t speak French, so I don’t know how to say it in French. 3)昨天许多人在班会上发了言,但我什么也没说。 Many/ A lot of/ Lots of/ A number of people spoke at the class meeting, but I said nothing. 4)我可以找Simon 接电话吗?――对不起,他现在在忙着做功课。 May I speak to Simon?—Sorry, he is busy doing his homework now. 5)对老人说话应当有礼貌。 The old/ elderly should be spoken to politely. 7.many(许多,修饰复数名词), few(几乎没有,表否定), a few(一些,几个),(修饰可数名词,表肯定) much(很多,修饰不可数)little(几乎没有,表否定), a little(一点点)(修饰不可数名词,表肯定) very few 很少(几乎没有) only a few 只有几个 only a little只有一点点 too much+不可数名词:太多 …much too+ adj /adv.实在太… so many/much/little/few那么多/少… e.g. Hurry up! There is little time left. 快点!时间不多了。 Don’t worry! There is a little time left. 别担心,还有一点时间。 1)我每天都有太多的功课要做,所以没时间看电视。 I have so much homework to do every day that I have little/ no time to watch TV. 2)Sam跑不快,因为他实在太胖了。 Sam can’t run fast because he is much too fat. 3)他有那么多好朋友,以致他总是很开心。He has so many good friends that he is always very happy. 4)冰箱里的食物不多了,你最好马上去买一点。 There is little food in the fridge, you’d better go to buy some at once. 5)不要玩太多电脑游戏,那对你的眼睛不好。 Don’t play too many computer games, it’s bad for your eyes. 6)我有几个美国笔友,我们经常互发e-mail。 I have a few American pen friend, and we often send e-mails to each other. 8. make sure+句子,确保 be sure to do sth.务必做某事,一定做某事 e.g. (7B P.102 ) 离开教室前确保门窗关好。 Make sure all the windows and doors are closed before you leave the classroom. 离开教室前务必关好门窗, 好吗? Be sure to close all the windows and doors before you leave the classroom, will you? 9.one, another, the other, others, the others, other one: 一个,another: 另一个(三个或以上), the other: 另一个(两个中的另一个), others: 其他的人或事,the others: 其他的人或事(特指范围中除已提到的), other: 别的,其他的(后加复数名词) 10.except 除去…外(prep.), expect期待,盼望 expect sb. to do sth. e.g. –Is everybody here today? --No, everybody is here except Tom. 今天大家都来了吗?--不,除了Tom 大家都来了。(Tom没来) My parents expect me to be a doctor in the future.我父母期待我将来当医生。 The English test is much easier than I expected. 英语测试比我预料的容易多了。 11.too 用于句末=as well, also 句中, either 句末( too在否定句中的变形) e.g. I like reading detective stories. –Me, too. 我喜欢看侦探小说。--我也是。 I don’t like watching horror films.—Me, either. 我不喜欢看恐怖片。--我也是。 12.every, all, none, both, neither, either, each every,all, none用于表示三个或以上范围,both, neither, either,each用于指两个或以上 13.lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人 (lend—lent—lent) borrow sth. from sb.问某人借某物 e.g. --Excuse me, may I borrow your bike? I want to go to send a letter. 请问,我可以借用一下你的自行车吗?我想去寄封信。 --Sorry, I have lent it to Daniel. 对不起,我已经借给Daniel 了。 14.forget/remember to do sth, 忘了/记住要做某事(还没做) forget/ remember doing sth. 忘了/记得做过某事(已经做了) leave sth. +地点 把某物忘在某处 leave sb.+adj. 使…处于某种状态 e.g. I’m sorry I forgot to bring my homework here, I left it home. 对不起,我忘了把作业带来了,我把它忘在家里了。 Don’t forget to send the letter for me on your way home this afternoon. --No, I won’t. 别忘了今天下午回家路上别忘了帮我寄这封信。―我不会忘记的。 Remember to give my regards to your parents. –Yes, I will. Thank you. 记得代我向你父母问好。--我会的,谢谢。 Don’t leave the stove on. (7B P.80) 不要让炉火一只开着。 15.have/ has been to 去过某地(现已回到说话的地方) e.g. My father has been to America three times. 我爸去过美国三次。 have/ has gone to 去了某地(不在说话的地方) e.g. May I speak to Mr. Smith, please? --Sorry, he’s not in. he has gone to Beijing on business. have been in +for+一段时间: 在某处待了一段时间 home, there等副词前不加to My grandfather has been in Suzhou for more than ten years. 16.among, between, of, in 表范围 among/of/ in 三个或以上 between…and 两者之间 in后加地点范围 in China/ our class/ Class One of后跟数量范围 of the three 17.eight years old 八岁,用于be动词后, eight-year-old 作定语,后加名词 Mike is eight years old. Mike is an eight-year-old boy. 18.enough 用于形容词/副词后,名词前,如 enough time/ money; easy/ fast/ enough+ to do sth. This box is not light enough for me to carry. This question is easy enough for me to answer. Mike is smart enough to work out this maths problem. 19. (sth) interesting, sb. (be) interested in sth.; Physics is so interesting that everybody in our class is interested in it. 20.in front of在某一范围外的前面, 反义词为behind e.g. There are a lot of beautiful flowers and trees in front of our teaching building. in the front of在某一范围内的前面, 反义词为at the back of Our teacher is used to speaking in front of the teacher’s desk. And the desk is in the front of the classroom. 21.in/ to/on the east of… Shanghai is in the east of China. Japan is to the east of China. 22.because of sth. because +从句 23.on the way to…, 在去某地的路上 by the way, 顺便问一下 lose one’s way 迷路 in the way 挡路 in this/that way 用这种/那种方法 in many/some ways 在许多/某些方面 24.must be一定是。。。 / can’t be不可能是。。。 You must be a student, aren’t you? 你一定是个学生,是吗? (认真复习 能力自测 P71 反意疑问句用法) maybe 也许,可能,用于句首=perhaps may be也许是,可能是, 句中 25. There be 句型 There is/ are ….有… There is/are going to be There was/ were …(就近原则) There may be / must be 可能/一定有… There can’t be… 不可能有… There should be 应当有… There have/ has been…已经有… 26.look at/ after/ for/ out/ like/ up/around/ 27. take off (飞机等)起飞, (反义词) land 降落 take off 脱下(衣服/帽子等) (反义词) put on 穿上; put off推迟;put away 收拾, 整理,把某物收好 28. would rather do…than do…(一般不用于疑问句) prefer doing sth. to doing… like sth. better than sth. prefer to do …rather than do… 29.reply to a question , answer a question 30.put on,穿上(动作) wear穿着(状态), be in,穿着..颜色的衣物 dress +sb. 穿衣服 31.alone/ lonely live alone 独自生活 feel/be lonely 感到孤独的 The old man lives alone, but he doesn’t feel lonely. 32. after 用于过去时,以过去为起点; in 用于将来时,以现在为起点 33.in/during the past/last few years; recently; so far, up to now 至今 (现在完成时标志) Many great changes have taken place in my hometown in the last/past few years. My hometown has changed a lot in the last/past few years. There have been many great changes in my hometown in the last/past few years. 34. everyday=daily 每天的,日常的,形容词 every day 每天,时间状语,两个词 everyone=everybody 每个人, 指人 every one of…每人/每一件…,指人或物 35.either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, 谓语动词就近原则 except, but, with, together with 主语根据前面的确定单复数; Everybody except Tom is here today. All the students except Tom are here today. Tom with his friends is here today. Tom and his friends are here today. 36. ten minutes’ walk 步行十分钟的路程 How far is it from your home to school?—About ten minutes’ walk. 37.one and a half hours= an hour and a half 一个半小时 38.before 用于完成时, ago 用于一般过去时 I have never been to Canada before. I went to Canada three years ago. 39. just用于完成时, just now=a moment ago 用于过去时 I have just had breakfast. I had breakfast just now. 40. another又一个, another two days more 更多的 two more days It will take us another two hours to finish this work. =It will take us two more hours to finish this work. 41.any other +单数名词,表示同一类人或物中的其他任何一个 other +复数名词, 同一类人或物中的所有其他的人或物 Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China. 上海比中国任何一个别的城市大。 Have you been to any other cities in China? 你去过中国的一些别的城市吗? 42.be good at 擅长; be good for 对…有益 be bad for 对…有害 43. go/walk/swim across(the road, street, the river ) 横穿 (马路、街道、河流) go/walk/shine through(the forest, the window ) 穿过/透过 (森林、窗户) 44. real真实的,确有某人某物 Father Christmas isn’t a real man.圣诞老人不是真有其人. true表示故事/说法等是正确的, 真的. The news is true. 这消息属实. (不是假的) 45. some time 一段时间, 一会儿 sometime 过去或将来的某时 some times 几次 sometimes 有时=at times 46.be strict with sb. 对某人严格要求 be strict in sth. 对某事严格要求 47.不可数名词: work, advice, news, information, weather, education, experience(经验), traffic, attention, trouble What useful information it is! ==How useful the information is! 48.单复数同形: sheep, fish, deer, audience, goldfish 49.名词复数不规则变化: German—Germans; (自测语法名词部分),Walkman--Walkmans man/ woman doctor—men/women doctors 50.数词特殊变化: forty, ninth, twentieth, twenty-first, fortieth, twelfth 分数: one-fifth, two-fifths, two-thirds, three-eighths 51.--ly结尾的形容词:friendly, lovely, lively, daily, lonely, likely, 52.—ly副词特殊拼写: truly, probably 53.无被动语态: happen, take place, belong to, come out, appear, disappear 以及所有连系动词 sth. sell well某物卖得好(畅销) print quickly 打印得快, This kind of educational CD sells well and it has been sold out so far. 这种教育光盘很畅销,至今已卖完。 54.sth. needs doing/ sth. needs to be done A good robot needs only checking every six months. 55. 形容词/副词同形: early, late, high, low, fast, slow, hard(艰苦的,努力地),wide highly 高度地, hardly 几乎不(否定), lately 最近, 56. how to do sth. how to deal with sth / what to do/ what to do with sth. I don’t know what to do and how to do it next. 57.find/ make/ think/ feel +it +adj. +for sb. to do sth. He finds it hard to find a city in a strange country. I think it important to get along/on well with others. Red makes it easier for you to take action when you are having difficulty making a decision. 58. look forward to (doing) sth. be/get used to doing sth. devote…to (doing) sth. pay attention to (doing) sth. (to为介词,后跟动词ing形式) We look forward to hearing from you soon. Audrey Hepburn devoted most of her time to the charity. We should pay attention to details in the exam.(被动) --Details should be paid attention to in the exam. 59. make sb. do sth.(let, have, help) be made to do sth. (被动中to不省略) (使役动词) tell sb. to do sth. (ask, want, get, wish, would like, help, encourage, warn, remind, advise, order, invite, require) (表命令或请求) see sb. do/ doing sth. (hear, feel, watch, find, look at, listen to, notice ) (感官动词) 60. sb. seems to do sth. It seems that … Everybody seemed to have a secret.= It seemed that everybody had a secret. 61.return sth. to sb. =give sth. back to sb. return to a place= come/go back to a place 62.need to do(行为动词), needn’t do(情态动词) =don’t have to do sth.=do need to do sth. You need to have a good rest if you feel tired. 如果你感觉疲劳,你需要好好休息。 63.pass 经过 (动词), past 介词; cross 动词,across介词 pass the shop=walk past the shop; cross the road/street=walk across the road/ street 64.join 参加/加入某个团体; take part in参加活动/比赛 65.非延续性动词和延续性动词: begin/start—be on; go/ leave—be away (from); open—be open; close—be closed; borrow/lend—keep; join/become—be in/ a… arrive/come/reach/get to—be in+地点名词 buy—have; die—be dead; fall asleep—sleep/ be asleep; get married— be married; 66. keep (on) doing sth. 不停做某事 keep sb. /sth/ +adj. keep sb. doing sth. 使某人不停做某事 keep/prevent/stop sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事 e.g. It kept raining last night. 昨晚一直在下雨。 We should keep our classroom clean and tidy. 我们应当保持教室干净整洁。 Simon kept making phone calls to somebody. The heavy rain kept us from going out for a walk. 大雨使我们无法出门。 67. be made of/ from/ into/ in/ by/for e.g. The Eiffle Tower is made of metal. We shouldn’t buy clothes made of animal fur. (材料看得见) Paper is made from wood. 纸是木材制成的。 (材料看不见) This kind of robot is made in Japan. 这种机器人是日本产的。 68. feel sleepy/ fall asleep feel-felt-felt fall-fell-fallen e.g. The speech was so boring that many audience felt sleepy. 那个演讲那么无聊,很多听众感到很困倦。 The boy was too excited to fall asleep last night. 昨晚那个男孩激动得睡不着觉。 69.Thanks for doing sth. / Thank you for doing感谢你做某事 e.g. Thank you for listening to my problems and giving me so many valuable suggestions. 谢谢你倾听我的问题并给我那么多有价值的建议。 70. It’s +adj. +for sb. to do sth. 对于某人来说做某事是…的. (常用形容词: easy, difficult, hard, possible, impossible, necessary, unnecessary, good, bad, useful, useless, ) It’s +adj. +of sb. to do sth. …某人做某事是…的. (常用形容词有: generous, kind, nice, good, silly, clever, foolish, selfish) e.g. It’s silly of you not to forgive others for their faults. 你不原谅别人的过失真傻。 71. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人…时间 sb. spends some time doing sth. 某人花费…时间做某事 72.sb. has some problems/ difficulty/ trouble doing sth. 某人做某事有困难 e.g. Wearing red clothes helps you when you have problems/ difficulty making a decision. 73.There is a discount on sth. 某物有打折. e.g. Every summer, there is always a discount on winter clothes in many shops. 每到夏季,许多商店里总会有冬季衣服打折。 74.give sb. a treat of sth. == give sb. sth. as a treat 75.反意疑问句 Let’s do sth., shall we? Let me/ us do sth., will you? Do/ Don’t do sth., will you? 76.提建议What/How about doing sth.? Why not/ don’t you do sth.? 79.易错词: attract—attack except—expect agree—argue thief—theft cause—course prefer—perfect prize—price seem—seen decide—divide sense—scene charge—change wonder—worry whether—weather affect—effort article—practical quite—quiet medal—metal plant—planet certain--curtain weigh(v.)—weight(n.) fault 过错 piano skin(不可数)slim—slimmer—slimmest lightning service diary achieve, actress, actually, affect, announce, astronaut, audience, balance, believe, receive, capital, article channel, concert, contact, control(controlled, controlled), create, crowded, daily, detective, diary, disabled, diamond, particular (特别的,特殊的), prefer (preferred, preferred), perfect, population, incomplete (不完整的), giraffe(复数 giraffes) , argument, behaviour, aware, 等 动词 名词 形容词 副词 同义词 反义词 achieve achievement act action,actor/ actress active Inactive appear appearance disappear arrive arrival get to/ reach leave attract attractive attack attacker beauty beautiful beautifully pretty/handsome bore boring/ bored exciting/ excited care care careful careless close Closing 关闭 closed danger dangerous/endangered safe/safely difficulty difficult hard easy die death dead excite excitement exciting/excited excitedly fashion fashionable harm harm harmless/ harmful help help helpful helpless height high highly importance important unimportant interest interesting/interested uninteresting luck lucky luckily unlucky/ unluckily mean meaning meaningful nature natural naturally noise noisy noisily quiet/ quietly perform performance/ performer practice practise practical present presentation present protect protection protected rob robber, robbery sadness sad sadly safety safe safely succeed success successful successfully surprise surprising /surprised happiness happy happily unhappy /unhappily use use useful useless 其他: 1.不规则动词表 2.能力自测:词汇 P35-44 ,语法专项: P45--69; P100-103: 翻译句子;综合评价题中的单选、单词拼写和翻译句子。作文范文 3.各地模拟卷中单选、单词拼写和翻译句子中的错题。 4.. 词汇达标手册、平时词汇测试中的错词 5.课本6册 参照告家长书复习指导查看更多