中考阅读与长难句

中考阅读与长难句

细节题 ‎“能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息” — 细节题 ‎1.细节题题型分类 单一细节题（常出现于A,B篇）‎ 多处细节题 （常出现于C,D篇）‎ Which of the following is (NOT) true according to the passage?‎ ‎2.细节题解题方法 第一步：找词 具体实词（名词，数字，人名）‎ 第二步：定位 同义转述，反义转述，其他相关词 ‎3.细节题做题注意事项 ‎(1)数字题 ‎(2)题干中关键词在文中多次出现 ‎(3)题干与选项间句式主被动之间的转换 23‎ Which food could be more popular among British adults, a hamburger or fish and chips? B A. A hamburger.‎ B. Fish and chips. ‎ C. Both. ‎ D. Neither. ‎ George advises Alice to talk to __B___ for help.‎ 23‎ A. her mother ‎ B. her teacher ‎ C. Bob’s teacher D. Bob’s friends When you cough or sneeze, you’d better turn your head away from others and cover your mouth with the full part of your hand. And then, you should say, “Excuse me.”‎ ‎51. When you cough or sneeze, you should ____B_____.‎ A. touch everything B. cover your mouth ‎ C. point out to the kids D. pass the germs to others If you come to a door and someone is following you, hold the door. If the door opens by pulling, pull it open, stand to the side, and allow the other person to pass.‎ ‎52. If you come to a door and someone is following ‎ you, you’d better ____A____.‎ A. hold the door B. pass through ‎ C. close the door D. stand to the side B篇难度-天津 Our government is working hard to save pandas. There are more than 30 nature reserves to protect pandas but these are not enough. The government has made a new plan to help pandas. The nature reserves will be bigger and the bamboo will grow better. Then the pandas will have enough food and enough places to live in. Pandas born in the zoos may go back to live in the nature reserves. ‎ Then the pandas will have enough food and enough places to live in. Pandas born in the zoos may go back to live in the nature reserves. ‎ ‎3. The government is trying ___C___ to help the pandas. ‎ A. to build more zoos ‎ B. to send more scientists ‎ C. to make bigger nature reserves ‎ D. to ask the WWF to work in China ‎ Panda出现多次，不成为定位点 C、D篇难度-北京中考 ‎①Is the belief true? The scientists in Asia largely dismiss the belief as a modern-day superstition (迷信). ‎ ‎② The blood-type personality theory (理论) started in Japan in 1927.‎ ‎③the idea that personality is related to one’s ABO blood type ‎ ‎④ Researchers concluded that as the belief in the stereotypes increases, people may be changing their personality to follow the blood-type theory.‎ ‎59. Which of the following is true according to the passage? A A. Most scientists in Asia don’t believe in the theory.‎ B. The blood-type theory began in Japan in the 1970s.‎ C. The blood-type personality theory is about blood type.‎ 23‎ D. People don’t change their personality to match the theory.‎ C、D篇难度 ‎①The little baby whale—actually as big as our boat. ‎ ‎② Slowly, they let us lead them, sometimes rising from the water right beside us to breathe—and to give us a trusting look with those huge eyes ‎④ They made great efforts to swim towards the deep sea but failed and started heading in the wrong direction. ‎ ‎56. Which of the following is true according to the passage? ‎ A. The mother whale was as big as the boat. ‎ B. The mother whale trusted the writer’s father C. The mother whale asked the writer’s family for help.‎ D. The mother whale led her baby to the sea successfully.‎ Pilots from different countries understand body signals if they have the correct training. When you wave your ‎ arms up and down in a straight line, it means “yes”. When you point downwards and swing your arm from side to side, it means “no”. If you want the pilot to know that it’s safe to land, push your hands out in front of you and bend（弯曲）your knees. If you want to say that it’s not safe to land, put your arms in the air and move them to one side. ‎ ‎54 Which picture means “it’s not safe land”? ‎ put your arms in the air and move them to one side. ‎ 猜词题 ‎“能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义” — 猜词题 23‎ ‎1.猜词题 就词猜词，必死无疑 一定要通过前后句，上下文。‎ ‎2.猜词题技巧 ‎(1)通过因果关系猜词 because, as, since, for, so, thus, as a result, of course, therefore You shouldn't have blamed him for that, for it wasn't his fault.‎ ‎(2)通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词 同义词 and, or 反义词 but, however, while, 与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语 He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother. ‎ ‎ ‎ 23‎ ‎(3)通过定义或释义关系来推测词义 But sometimes, no rain falls for a long, long time. Then there is a dry period, or drought.‎ ‎2013年北京中考 It's a lot easier to hold your ground with a stranger than with someone you love.‎ But the more important the relationship is to you than the more important it is to be assertive.（坚定而自信的）‎ ‎54. The expression “hold your ground” probably means “_______ “.‎ A. reach an agreement. ‎ B. insist on your point.‎ C. keep your words. ‎ D. keep on fighting.‎ The following day I ask her how the test went and she just says “OK, I got a nine”.‎ ‎“Wow, well done!” I say, before she finishes with “But I never get a ten!””‎ According to James, this obsession with getting top marks has been a bad development, which encourages people to think of education in terms of work and money. To test this, I asked my daughter why she was so worried about her tests. She looked at me as if I was thick. “Well, if I don’t get good grades, I don’t get into university. Then I probably won’t get a good job and I won’t be able to afford nice things like a car and stuff.”‎ ‎57. What does the word “obsession” in Paragraph 3 mean?‎ A. A plain and unavoidable fact.‎ B. A satisfied and very proud state.‎ C. A potential and widely-used way.‎ D. A fixed and often unreasonable idea.‎ 中考C篇 Reading something difficult 文章主旨内容 Start to read normally until you run into a sentence that doesn’t make sense to you.‎ ‎54. The underlined phrase” run into” means______‎ A. work out（算出） B. comes across（遇到）‎ C. look into（调查） D. pass by（路过）‎ 中考D篇 Some young Koreans have taken to the theory.‎ ‎ A recent study showed 76 percent of Koreans aged between 13 and 64 believing in the blood-type personality connection.‎ ‎58. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean?‎ A. It was lightly believed. ‎ B. It was brought to them.‎ 23‎ C. They liked and accepted it. ‎ D. They stole the idea from others.‎ 中考C篇 Doctors and other scientists who study the human mind and try to explain why people behave in the way that they do, called psychologists.‎ ‎55. A psychologist is a person who may help you with your__.‎ A. illness and abilities.（疾病和能力） ‎ B. thoughts and behaviour.‎ C. mind and nervous system（头脑和神经系统） ‎ D. physical activity and daily exercise（体力活动和日常锻炼）‎ 课标卷 Peanuts are very highly nutritious and are high in protein（蛋白质）.‎ What dose the underlined word “nutritious” mean? A ‎ A. Good for health（有益于健康）‎ B. Helpful to the poor（有助于穷人）‎ C. Delicious and tasty（美味可口）‎ D. Rich in fat and oil（富含油脂）‎ 北京卷 The small-world theory says that everyone in the world is connected through a short chain（链条） of people they know. Another name of this chain is degrees of separation. Each degree is a step that separates a person from someone he or she does not know. There are zero degrees of separation between a person and the people he or she knows directly. This means that there are zero degrees between Ben and his mom. ‎ What is the meaning of “degrees of separation” in paragraph 2？A A. The chain to connect people.‎ B. The relations between people.‎ C. The steps of knowing strangers.‎ D. The separation between strangers 主旨题 ‎“能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局”— 主旨题 ‎1.主旨题 首段 找核心词 尾段 看作者观点 各段的首句 ‎2.主旨题可以忽略的地方 23‎ 显性例证 for example, such as 隐形例证 数字 ‎3.主旨题思路 第一步：找文章的核心词 第二步：比较选项差异 去同较异 作者态度 逆向思维 主旨题 ‎(1) Which is the best title of the passage?‎ ‎(2) Which of the following is this passage about?‎ ‎(3) In this passage the writer tries to tell us that______.‎ ‎(4) The passage tells us that______.‎ ‎(5) This passage mainly talks about______.‎ 难度指数 ★‎ 关键词不同时 ‎2011 ~ 2012 年度西城区初三期末考试 ‎（首段）The secret in re-remembering is to …‎ ‎（尾段）This memory method … no matter what you have forgotten, there is a chance to solve any memory mystery（谜团）.‎ What can be the best title for the passage?‎ A. Forgetting --- You can never really forget B. Drawing --- The better way to remember things C. Re-remembering --- Remember what you have forgotten D. Replacing --- Forgetting something instead of remembering 难度指数 ★★‎ 关键词相同时 --- ‎ ‎1. 看作者态度、观点 ‎2. 比全面 ‎60. What can be the best title for the passage?‎ A. Netspeak: A Widely-Used Language on Internet B. Is Netspeak : Harming the English Language?‎ C. Is Netspeak : Helpful in Language Learning?‎ D. Netspeak: Advantages and Disadvantages 23‎ 首段：‎ She was only about five feet tall and probably never weighed more than 110 pounds, but Miss Bessie was a towering presence in the classroom. She was the only woman tough enough to make me read Beowulf and think for a few stupid days that I liked it. From 1938 to 1942, she taught me English, history —and a lot more than I realized. ‎ 尾段：‎ No child can get all the necessary support at home, and millions of poor children get no support at all. This is what makes a wise, educated, warm-hearted teacher like Miss Bessie so essential to ‎ the minds, hearts and souls of this country's children. ‎ ‎60. Which of the following would be the best title of the passage? C A. Dreams Go with Education   ‎ B. An Unforgettable Lesson ‎ C. Unforgettable Miss Bessie    ‎ D. Reading Makes a Full Man ‎ 首段：‎ The book, Bring Your Book To Life, by William John Mills, points out that the secret to meaning in life, and in work, depends on how you relate to yourself, how you relate to others and to your relationship with higher values or purpose in life. ‎ 尾段：‎ That can make the difference between just living and feeling fully alive. You have to work at living, not just at working. Mills’ book just has excellent guides for such a journey.‎ ‎57.The best title for the passage is ___C____.‎ A. Love What You Do and What You Have B. Live a Life with Higher Values or Purpose C. Find Meaning in Your Work and Your Life D. Build Relationships Between Your Work and Life 段首：‎ Stress(压力，紧张)is caused whenever there is a problem or a change in your life.‎ When you feel stress, your brain sends a message to your body to produce a chemical called ‎ adrenaline(肾上腺素)‎ What can you do about stress? ‎ 尾段：‎ The link(关系)between your body and brain works in two ways. Your body can help your mind deal with stress. If you are under stress, you need to take especially good care of your body. It’s important to get enough sleep and eat nutritious meals. Some people take a vitamin-mineral pill every day. Another thing that you can 23‎ ‎ do is daily exercise. If you go walking or do aerobic dancing or work out at the gym, you give your body a chance to burn up some of that adrenaline. Of course, a person who isn’t used to much physical activity should start slowly. Anyone with a continuing physical problem should check with a doctor before starting any exercise programs.‎ ‎58. What is probably the best title for this passage? A A. The Body-Brain Link ‎ B. The Causes of Stress C. The Advice on Health ‎ D. The Nervous System 首段：‎ Many textbooks are not written in the kind of English that we speak every day. In fact, sometimes the reading is so difficult that it almost seems like a foreign language. In a way, it is the language of science. You should not expect to be able to read a difficult science passage the same way you read an interesting story; you should not expect to read it easily and all at once. Instead, you may have to read it several times through, catching on the meaning of difficult words, going back over difficult sentences, and finally putting the whole thing together. Do not be discourages if the whole passage don’t make sense to you at first. You need to pick it apart patiently until you can understand it.‎ 段首：These are the steps to follow when you are reading something difficult:‎ ‎56. The massage is mainly about ____A_____.‎ A. steps of studying science ‎ B. difficulties in reading science C. ways of reading science passages ‎ D. researches on science and English ‎ 推断题 ‎1.推断题 答案来自于原文但不等同于原文。‎ 答案必须忠于原文，不能主观臆断。‎ ‎(1) We can infer from the text that _____.‎ ‎(2) From the story we can guess ______.‎ 东晋诗人陶渊明曾经写过这样一句诗“采菊东篱下，悠然见南山。”‎ 问：从这句诗中我们可以推断出什么？‎ A. 作者在东边的篱笆下采菊花。‎ B. 作者是斜眼。‎ C. 作者在山间怡然自得。‎ D. 作者被贬，厌倦官场生活，隐居山林所感。‎ 世界上有两种人，一种是男人，一种是女人。说张三这个东西，不是女人。那么我们可以推断：‎ ‎ A. 张三是男人。‎ ‎ B. 张三是女人。‎ 23‎ ‎ C. 张三不是女人。‎ ‎ D. 张三是女人是不可能的。‎ A big change might be a good change, but it will still be stressful.‎ ‎3. From the last sentence of Paragraph 5 we can infer that ________.‎ A. it’s difficult to change a stressful situation B. it’s not stressful when a good change takes place C. a big change will cause another stressful situation D. a stressful situation can’t be changed without any effort 总结 阅读理解题取材广泛，但仍然有规律可循。‎ ‎1.平时要多阅读并善于总结，积累解题技巧。‎ ‎2.考试时要研读好文本，不放过文本中细节。‎ ‎3.做完题后要仔细检查，每篇材料应有完整情节。‎ 长难句 定语从句 先行词+关系词+从句 Kind-hearted and open-minded, ‎ ‎ my aunt was the one ‎ ‎ who played baseball with me,‎ ‎ who took me horse-back riding, ‎ ‎ who took me to the father-son dinners,‎ ‎ and who gave me lessons on how to drive.‎ Kind-hearted and open-minded, ‎ ‎ my father is the one ‎ ‎ who plays basketball with me,‎ ‎ and who gives me lessons on how to study.‎ Today, thanks to modern transportation and well-organized society, thousands of people willingly and eagerly leave the surroundings where they were born, and the oftener they do so, the less sentiment they are likely to have for those surroundings.‎ 宾语从句 时态+陈述语序 宾语从句 23‎ They have always complained that their parents are out of touch with modern ways; that they do not trust their children to deal with problems; that they talk too much about certain problems, and that they have to no sense of humor, at last in parent-child relationships.‎ We remember what it was and then suddenly realize that it is no more.‎ The thing that amazed me most was that the first time I read these works on my own some of them seemed dead, but the second time, after his explanation, I couldn’t believe that I hadn’t seen the humor.‎ 状语从句 时间/条件/结果 A great many people, when they speak of home, then to connect it with a certain atmosphere, certain physical surroundings, and certain emotional attitudes within themselves.‎ Although  our  situation  was  very  bad, it’s  difficult  to  feel  too  sorry  for  yourself when  you  look  at  what’s  happening  elsewhere.‎ If you can’t at least try to put yourself in someone else’s shoes, how can you understand their situation, their 23‎ ‎ problems and issues?‎ 长难句练习 ‎1. She never failed to make me believe that I could do anything with my life that I want it, if I only tried hard enough.‎ ‎2. Nowadays, nobody could have failed to notice the fact that *** has become more and more important. ‎ ‎3. But we remember with far greater pain that we did not see that beauty when it flowered and that we failed to react with love when it was gentle.‎ ‎4.A Swedish Kennel Club official explains what this means: if your dog runs out on the road and  gets hit by a passing car，as the owner, you have to pay for any damage done to the car，even if your dog has been killed in the accident．‎ 记叙文 六要素：时间、人物、地点、事件、经过、结果 开头：好/坏 中间：坏/好 结尾：好（提升）‎ ‎“Will you give my kite a lift?” asked my nephew to his sister. Lucy took it up and threw it into the air, but her brother didn’t pay attention and ran off, so the kite fell down. “Try again, children,” I said.‎ Lucy once more took up the kite. But John ran off so suddenly that the kite flew out of her hand and it fell flat as before. “Try again,” said I.‎ They did, and with more care, but a side wind came suddenly. As Lucy let go the kite, it was blown against some bushes and the tail was caught. Meanwhile, I went to the kite’s assistance and set the tail free from the bushes. I told them to find a more open area and then try again. ‎ We found an open area. I threw the kite up as John ran off. It rose up and promised a high flight. But John was so pleased that he stopped short to look upward. The string became loose. The kite shook and came down to the ground. “I won’t try anymore. The kite won’t fly.” said he angrily. I replied, “A few disappointments are not supposed to discourage us. And now try again.” ‎ And he tried and succeeded, for the kite was carried upward on the breeze as lightly as a feather. He was very excited to enjoy the sight. John began to roll up the string slowly. “Shall we come out tomorrow and try again?”‎ I smiled, “Yes, dear children. I wish to teach you the value of keeping trying. Whenever you fail, remember – TRY AGAIN!”‎ ‎50. How many times did they fly the kite?‎ A. Five. B. Four. C. Three. D. Six.‎ ‎51. How did John feel when he finally flew the kite up?‎ A. Angry. B. Hopeful. C. Excited. D. Worried 23‎ ‎52. The writer wants to tell us ___________.‎ A. the ways of flying kites ‎ B. the pleasure of flying kites C. the cost of making mistakes ‎ D. the importance of keeping trying It was a Sunday and the heavy storm had lasted all night. The morning after the storm, though, was beautiful: blue skies, warm air and a calm, inviting sea.‎ ‎ My father realized it was a good day for fishing and invited my sister and me to go with him. I was only 14 and fishing had never been my thing, but I decided to go all the same. I’m so glad I did.‎ Being on the boat, we found there was something meters away. When moving nearer, we saw it was a mother whale with her baby. We couldn’t believe it — there aren’t any whales along the coast. The storm must have driven them there, where the sea water was so dirty that nothing could live in it.‎ The little baby whale—actually as big as our boat—was stuck and could not move. The mother went down into the water and came up suddenly, making big waves. “She’s trying to help her baby, but on the wrong side,” my father said. At this point, my father moved our boat to the other side and, heading the boat towards the baby whale, pushed it gently. With our several gentle pushes the baby whale turned over and disappeared under water. Then it swam up right beside its mum. They made great efforts to swim towards the deep sea but failed and started heading in the wrong direction. We hurried up to the whales and tried to lead them to the sea. Slowly, they let us lead them, sometimes rising from the water right beside us to breathe —and to give us a trusting look with those huge eyes. Once they hit their first part of clean water from the sea, the mum gave us a wave with her tail and off they swam into the deep sea.‎ In the excitement it had felt like only a few minutes, but we had been with those wonderful animals for almost an hour and a half. That was the simple and lasting beauty of the day. Today, I still look back to that golden day at sea.‎ ‎54. The story happened on a day.‎ A. rainy B. stormy ‎ C. sunny D. cloudy 原文：It was a Sunday and the heavy storm had lasted all night. The morning after the storm, though, was beautiful: blue skies, warm air and a calm, inviting sea.‎ ‎55. In Paragraph 2, the writer says “I’m so glad I did.” because .‎ A. he knew where he could see whales ‎ B. he liked fishing in the sea very much C. he experienced how the whales were saved D. he spent the whole weekend with his family 原文：My father realized it was a good day for fishing and invited my sister and me to go with him. I was only 14 and fishing had never been my thing, but I decided to go all the same. I’m so glad I did.‎ ‎57. By telling the story, the writer wants to tell us that .‎ A. saving lives makes people happy ‎ 23‎ B. it’s a good experience to go fishing C. we should live with animals happily ‎ D. keeping sea water clean is important 原文：In the excitement it had felt like only a few minutes, but we had been with those wonderful animals for almost an hour and a half. That was the simple and lasting beauty of the day. Today, I still look back to that golden day at sea.‎ 科普说明文阅读 第一篇文章 ‎ In the West, some people believe that personality can be predicted according to the time of the year the person was born. From China comes the belief that the year of birth influences one’s personality. In the past century, a new belief has arisen: the idea that personality is related to one’s ABO blood type. People with blood type A, for example, are considered more likely to be serious, hard-working, and quiet, while people with blood type O are likely to be popular and outgoing, yet often unable to finish what they start. Though this belief continues to be strong, some people question whether it is true.‎ ‎ The blood-type personality theory (理论) started in Japan in 1927 when Furukawa Takeji noticed personality similarities and differences among his workers. The idea soon went out of fashion, but was brought back by a Japanese television host named Toshitaka Nomi in the 1970s. The belief is still strong in Japan and is increasingly popular in neighboring countries. Some young Koreans have taken to the theory. A recent study showed 76 percent of Koreans aged between 13 and 64 believing in the blood-type personality connection. Though most Asians might believe in the blood-type theory, for many it seems harmless and not something to be taken too seriously.‎ ‎ There is also the possibility that people are influenced to change their personality to match the expected stereotypes (思维定式). A survey of studies made in Japan over a 10-year period found that while in the 1970s there was no relationship between blood type and personality. Later studies in the 1980s found that the relationship increased a little. Researchers concluded that as the belief in the stereotypes increases, people may be changing their personality to follow the bold-type theory.‎ ‎ Is the belief true? The scientists in Asia largely dismiss the belief as a modern-day superstition (迷信). Most studies have failed to find any strong connection between blood and personality. Generally, scientists warn against making predictions or important decisions based on this questionable theory.‎ ‎57. The writer uses blood type A and O as an example to explain ______.‎ A. the difference between the two blood types.‎ B. the relationship between the two blood type.‎ C. the influence of blood type on one’s behavior.‎ D. the connection between personality and blood type.‎ 原文：‎ In the past century, a new belief has arisen: the idea that personality is related to one’s ABO blood type. People with blood type A, for example, are considered more likely to be serious, hard-working, and quiet, while people with blood type O are likely to be popular and outgoing, yet often unable to finish what they start. Though this belief continues to be strong, some people question whether it is true.‎ ‎58. What does the underline sentence in Paragraph 2 mean?‎ 23‎ A. It was lightly believed.‎ B. It was brought to them. ‎ C. They liked and accepted it.‎ D. They stole the idea from others.‎ 原文：‎ The belief is still strong in Japan and is increasingly popular in neighboring countries. Some young Koreans have taken to the theory. A recent study showed 76 percent of Koreans aged between 13 and 64 believing in the blood-type personality connection.‎ ‎59. Which of the following is true according to the passage?‎ A. Most scientists in Asia don’t believe in the theory.‎ B. The blood-type theory began in Japan in the 1970s.‎ C. The blood-type personality theory is about blood type. ‎ D. People don’t change their personality to match the theory.‎ 原文：‎ A选项对应原文：Is the belief true? The scientists in Asia largely dismiss the belief as a modern-day superstition (迷信).‎ B选项对应原文：The blood-type personality theory (理论) started in Japan in 1927 when Furukawa Takeji noticed personality similarities and differences among his workers.‎ C选项对应原文：In the past century, a new belief has arisen: the idea that personality is related to one’s ABO blood type.‎ D选项对应原文：Researchers concluded that as the belief in the stereotypes increases, people may be changing their personality to follow the bold-type theory.‎ ‎59. Which of the following is true according to the passage?‎ A. Most scientists in Asia don’t believe in the theory.‎ B. The blood-type theory began in Japan in the 1970s.‎ C. The blood-type personality theory is about blood type. ‎ D. People don’t change their personality to match the theory.‎ ‎60. What is the best title for the passage?‎ A. Is the blood-type theory popular?‎ B. Is the personality changeable?‎ C. Is it in your blood?‎ D. Is it in your mind?‎ Key Words The blood-type personality theory Attitude Most studies have failed to find any strong connection between blood and personality. Generally, scientists warn against making predictions or important decisions based on this questionable theory.‎ 文章结构 提出理论 23‎ the idea that personality is related to one’s ABO blood type.‎ 举例说明 The blood-type personality theory (理论) started in Japan..‎ The belief is still strong in Japan and is increasingly popular in neighboring countries.‎ 结论 Is the belief true? The scientists in Asia largely dismiss the belief as a modern-day superstition (迷信). Most studies have failed to find any strong connection between blood and personality.‎ 第二篇文章 ‎ Diet drinks may taste good, but they might not bring happiness. A new study finds that people who drink diet sodas or fruit drinks are more likely to be diagnosed (诊断) with depression. ‎ ‎ The study doesn’t show that diet drinks cause depression and the researchers stress their findings don’t provide an explanation. They looked at more than 263,900 U.S. adults ages 50 to 71 who answered questions about their beverage （饮料） consumption（摄入量） between the years 1995 and 1996. About 10 years later (from 2004 to 2006), the same people were asked if a doctor had diagnosed them with depression since the year 2000.‎ ‎ People who regularly drank four or more cans of any type of soda a day were 30 percent more likely to have received a diagnosis of depression than people who did not drink soda, said Dr. Honglei Chen of the National Institutes of Health, who led the study. The risk of depression was especially high for people who drank diet soda — a 31 percent increased risk compared to a 22 percent increased risk for those who drank regular soda, the researchers said.‎ ‎ Those who drank four or more cans of diet fruit drinks were 51 percent more likely to be diagnosed with depression compared to those who did not drink diet fruit drinks.‎ ‎ By contrast, people who drank four or more cups of coffee a day were 10 percent less likely to have been diagnosed with depression compared to non-coffee drinkers. ‎ ‎ The study only found an association, and did not determine （确定） whether diet soda or fruit drinks caused depression. Although the researchers took into account factors that could affect the results, such as age, sex, education, smoking status, physical activity, body mass index (BMI) and energy intake, it’s possible other circumstances, such as a family history of depression or stressful life events, could explain the association. ‎ ‎ A family history of depression and stressful life events are some of the biggest predictors of depression, said Emma Robertson-Blackmore, assistant professor of psychiatry at the University of Rochester Medical Center, who was not involved in the study. In addition, older people are more likely to experience stressful life events, including the death of a loved one, job changes or illnesses, Robertson-Blackmore said. ‎ ‎ However, the findings agree with those of a few previous studies that found a link between frequent consumption of sweetened beverages and a higher prevalence (流行程度) of depression, the researchers said. (Diet sodas and fruit drinks are sweetened, but their sweeteners contain no calories.) ‎ ‎ “More research is needed to confirm these findings, and people with depression should continue to take depression medications prescribed by their doctors,” said Chen. ‎ ‎56. People who drink four or more _______ every day are the most likely to feel depressed. ‎ A. cups of coffee ‎ B. cans of fruit drinks ‎ C. cans of diet soda ‎ 23‎ D. cans of regular soda ‎ 原文：‎ People who regularly drank four or more cans of any type of soda a day were 30 percent more likely to have received a diagnosis of depression than people who did not drink soda, said Dr. Honglei Chen of the National Institutes of Health, who led the study. The risk of depression was especially high for people who drank diet soda — a 31 percent increased risk compared to a 22 percent increased risk for those who drank regular soda, the researchers said.‎ ‎ Those who drank four or more cans of diet fruit drinks were 51 percent more likely to be diagnosed with depression compared to those who did not drink diet fruit drinks.‎ ‎57. The underlined phrase “took into account” means ___________. ‎ A. checked out ‎ B. went through ‎ C. drew a conclusion ‎ D. paid attention to ‎ 原文：‎ The study only found an association, and did not determine （确定） whether diet soda or fruit drinks caused depression. Although the researchers took into account factors that could affect the results, such as age, sex, education, smoking status, physical activity, body mass index (BMI) and energy intake, it’s possible other circumstances, such as a family history of depression or stressful life events, could explain the association. ‎ ‎58. What can we learn from Dr. Honglei Chen’s study? ‎ A. Diet drinks taste good but they don’t always bring happiness. ‎ B. Drinking a lot of diet drinks regularly will lead to depression. ‎ C. There is a close connection between diet drinks and depression. ‎ D. Stressful life events can explain why people may feel depressed.‎ 原文：‎ People who regularly drank four or more cans of any type of soda a day were 30 percent more likely to have received a diagnosis of depression than people who did not drink soda, said Dr. Honglei Chen of the National Institutes of Health, who led the study. The risk of depression was especially high for people who drank diet soda — a 31 percent increased risk compared to a 22 percent increased risk for those who drank regular soda, the researchers said.‎ ‎ A family history of depression and stressful life events are some of the biggest predictors of depression, said Emma Robertson-Blackmore ‎59. What is the purpose of the writer writing the article? ‎ A. To find out why diet drinking leads to depression. ‎ B. To present findings on diet drinking and depression. ‎ C. To warn us against drinking diet soda or fruit drinks. ‎ D. To suggest a healthy way of drinking for a better 23‎ 原文：‎ ‎“More research is needed to confirm these findings, and people with depression should continue to take depression medications prescribed by their doctors,” said Chen. ‎ 文章结构 提出理论 A new study finds that people who drink diet sodas or fruit drinks are more likely to be diagnosed (诊断) with depression. ‎ 举例说明 People who drink four or more cans of diet fruit drinks every day are the most likely to feel depressed. ‎ 结论 ‎“More research is needed to confirm these findings……..‎ 第三篇文章 ‎ Each year Ben is glad when school is closed on Martin Luther King Jr. Day. Ben knows that this day honors an important man, but Ben does not feel connected to him. However, the small-world theory (理论) connects Ben to Dr. King. Ben’s mom (0) has a close friend, Amy (1). Amy’s uncle, Mark (2), once met and spoke to John Carter (3), the son of President Jimmy Carter (4). Jimmy Carter knew Dr. King (5). In a way, Ben is only “five people away” from Martin Luther King Jr.‎ ‎ The small-world theory says that everyone in the world is connected through a short chain (链条) of people they know. Another name of this chain is degrees of separation. Each degree is a step that separates a person from someone he or she does not know. There are zero degrees of separation between a person and the people he or she knows directly. This means that there are zero degrees between Ben and his mom. There is one degree of separation when just one person separates someone from a person he or she does not know. Ben knows his mom, but he hasn’t met her close friend Amy. Therefore, Ben is one degree away from Amy. As the chain continues, Amy’s uncle, Mark, is two degrees. John Carter is three degrees, and his father is four degrees. Dr. King is five degrees away from Ben. The theory says that there are no more than six degrees of separation between any two people in the world.‎ ‎ The small-world theory has a lot to do with math. The theory assumes (假定) that each person knows 100 people. Each one of those 100 people knows 50 different people. Each of those 50 people knows another 50 people, and so on. When someone continues the calculation to six degrees, it is like this: 100 × 50 × 50 × 50 × 50 × 50 = 31.25 × 109. This number is greater than 31 billion (a billion = a thousand million). There are over 6 billion people in the world. These numbers show it is possible that six degrees of separation could include everyone in the world.‎ ‎ Does the small-world theory work? No one has ever proved it. Maybe the theory just invites people to think a little more about their places in the world.‎ ‎52. Ben is two degrees away from ____. A. Jimmy Carter     ‎ B. John Carter     ‎ C. Amy     ‎ D. Mark 原文：‎ 23‎ Therefore, Ben is one degree away from Amy. As the chain continues, Amy’s uncle, Mark, is two degrees. John Carter is three degrees,‎ ‎53. What is the meaning of “degrees of separation” in Paragraph 2? A. The chain to connect people.  ‎ B. The relations between people.‎ C. The steps of knowing strangers.     ‎ D. The separation between strangers.‎ 原文：‎ The small-world theory says that everyone in the world is connected through a short chain (链条) of people they know. Another name of this chain is degrees of separation. Each degree is a step that separates a person from someone he or she does not know.‎ ‎54. What is the small-world theory mainly about? A. How far Ben is away from Dr. King.      ‎ B. How many people one can get to know. C. How people are connected in the world.  ‎ D. How the degrees of separation are set up.‎ 原文：‎ The small-world theory says that everyone in the world is connected through a short chain ‎ ‎(链条) of people they know.‎ ‎55. We can learn from the article that _______. A. the small-world theory works          B. more research is needed to prove the theory C. six degrees are needed to know the strangers D. the writer’s purpose is to help people find out their places 原文：‎ Does the small-world theory work? No one has ever proved it. Maybe the theory just invites people to think a little more about their places in the world.‎ 文章结构 提出理论 The small-world theory says that everyone in the world is connected through a short chain (链条) of people they know.‎ 举例说明 Therefore, Ben is one degree away from Amy. As the chain continues, Amy’s uncle, Mark, is two degrees. John Carter is three degrees,‎ 结论 Does the small-world theory work? No one has ever proved it.‎ 真题讲解 ‎ Eleanlor Roosevelt, one of the most successful and beloved women in American history, once said that she 23‎ ‎ had one regret: she wished she had been prettier. Who hasn’t felt the same way? We are all too aware of our physical imperfections. To overcome them, we spend billions of dollars every year-on cosmetics (化妆品), diet and plastic surgery.‎ ‎ Why do we care so much about how we look? Because beauty is powerful. Because even when we learn to value people mostly for being kind and wise, we are still moved by beauty. There is simply no escape.‎ ‎ Aristotle said, “Beauty is a greater recommendation than any letter of introduction.” It’s not fair, but it’s true. We simply treat beautiful people better than we do others. Attach a photograph of a beautiful author to an essay, and people will think that it is more creatively and more intelligently written than exactly the same essay accompanied by the photo of a homely author.‎ ‎ As children, beautiful people are more likely to become favorite with parents and teachers. Later, they’re more likely to get good jobs. Beautiful lawyers get more than their less attractive colleagues. Good-looking criminals are more likely to win the sympathy of judges and juries (陪审团). These days, besides cosmetics, women and men both rely on advanced technology to improve their beauty. Special injections (注射) can make lips look attractively young and chemicals promise clear, glowing skin for men and women.‎ ‎ Still, it’s possible to go too far. At the end of the 19th century, some women even had ribs (肋骨) removed so they’d have that perfect narrow waist. Some people today have poison injected in the face to get rid of wrinkles, even though this means that facial muscles will be unable to express certain emotions. ‎ ‎ Our sensitivity to physical beauty is not something we can control at will. We are born with it. Experiments showed that even babies prefer to look at attractive faces. Before they have opened up a single fashion magazine, they are drawn to the same faces as adults have judged to be attractive. ‎ ‎ There are more important things in life than beauty. But as Nancy Etcoff says, “We have to understand beauty, or we will always be enslaved by it.” If you aim to be wise and kind and funny, it doesn’t mean that you can’t try your best to look beautiful. There’s no reason to feel guilty about being moved by beauty’s power. It moves us all.‎ ‎47. By mentioning “Eleanlor Roosevelt”, the writer aims to ______.‎ A. show people care much about their physical appearances ‎ B. express her regret about imperfect physical conditions ‎ C. persuade people not to pay attention to beauty ‎ D. attract people’s attention to physical beauty ‎ ‎48. Good-looking criminals are more likely to win the sympathy mainly because ______.‎ A. the judges and juries are not fair sometimes ‎ B. beautiful people are generally better treated ‎ C. wise lawyers mostly value people’ beauty ‎ D. they tend to be creative and intelligent ‎49. Babies are attracted to the charming faces because of ______.‎ A. lack of control ‎ B. the imitation of the adults ‎ C. natural reaction ‎ D. the training in the experiments ‎50. What is the main idea of the passage? ‎ 23‎ A. It’s not fair that beauty is accepted as an effective recommendation. ‎ B. Physically attractive people are much wiser than ordinary-looking people. ‎ C. Beauty is of great importance, although it is not the most important in life. ‎ D. A growing number of people choose advanced technology to improve appearance.‎ 做阅读文章第一步 看文章标题、图片、中文提示词 ‎ ‎（化妆品、陪审团、注射、肋骨） ‎ 做阅读文章第二步 看文章后面问题，有重点的记忆 ‎47. By mentioning “Eleanlor Roosevelt”, the writer aims to ____.‎ ‎48. Good-looking criminals are more likely to win the sympathy mainly because ______.‎ ‎49. Babies are attracted to the charming faces because of ______.‎ ‎50. What is the main idea of the passage?‎ 做阅读文章第三步 重------文章 定------区间 划------根据 看------转换 重看文章 ‎ Eleanlor Roosevelt, one of the most successful and beloved women in American history, once said that she had one regret: she wished she had been prettier. Who hasn’t felt the same way? We are all too aware of our physical imperfections. To overcome them, we spend billions of dollars every year-on cosmetics (化妆品), diet and plastic surgery.‎ ‎ Why do we care so much about how we look? Because beauty is powerful. Because even when we learn to value people mostly for being kind and wise, we are still moved by beauty. There is simply no escape.‎ ‎ Aristotle said, “Beauty is a greater recommendation than any letter of introduction.” It’s not fair, but it’s true. We simply treat beautiful people better than we do others. Attach a photograph of a beautiful author to an essay, and people will think that it is more creatively and more intelligently written than exactly the same essay accompanied by the photo of a homely author.‎ ‎ As children, beautiful people are more likely to become favorite with parents and teachers. Later, they’re more likely to get good jobs. Beautiful lawyers get more than their less attractive colleagues. Good-looking criminals are more likely to win the sympathy of judges and juries (陪审团). These days, besides cosmetics, women and men both rely on advanced technology to improve their beauty. Special injections (注射) can make lips look attractively young and chemicals promise clear, glowing skin for men and women.‎ ‎ Still, it’s possible to go too far. At the end of the 19th century, some women even had ribs (肋骨) removed so they’d have that perfect narrow waist. Some people today have poison injected in the face to get rid of wrinkles, even though this means that facial muscles will be unable to express certain emotions. ‎ ‎ Our sensitivity to physical beauty is not something we can control at will. We are born with it. Experiments showed that even babies prefer to look at attractive faces. Before they have opened up a single fashion magazine, they are drawn to the same faces as adults have judged to be attractive. ‎ 23‎ ‎ There are more important things in life than beauty. But as Nancy Etcoff says, “We have to understand beauty, or we will always be enslaved by it.” If you aim to be wise and kind and funny, it doesn’t mean that you can’t try your best to look beautiful. There’s no reason to feel guilty about being moved by beauty’s power. It moves us all.‎ ‎47. By mentioning “Eleanlor Roosevelt”, the writer aims to ______.‎ A. show people care much about their physical appearances ‎ B. express her regret about imperfect physical conditions ‎ C. persuade people not to pay attention to beauty ‎ D. attract people’s attention to physical beauty ‎ 原文：‎ Eleanlor Roosevelt, one of the most successful and beloved women in American history, once said that she had one regret: she wished she had been prettier. Who hasn’t felt the same way? We are all too aware of our physical imperfections. To overcome them, we spend billions of dollars every year-on cosmetics (化妆品), diet and plastic surgery.‎ ‎ Why do we care so much about how we look? Because beauty is powerful. Because even when we learn to value people mostly for being kind and wise, we are still moved by beauty. There is simply no escape.‎ ‎48. Good-looking criminals are more likely to win the sympathy mainly because ______.‎ A. the judges and juries are not fair sometimes ‎ B. beautiful people are generally better treated ‎ C. wise lawyers mostly value people’ beauty ‎ D. they tend to be creative and intelligent 原文：‎ Aristotle said, “Beauty is a greater recommendation than any letter of introduction.” It’s not fair, but it’s true. We simply treat beautiful people better than we do others. Attach a photograph of a beautiful author to an essay, and people will think that it is more creatively and more intelligently written than exactly the same essay accompanied by the photo of a homely author.‎ ‎ Good-looking criminals are more likely to win the sympathy of judges and juries (陪审团).‎ ‎49. Babies are attracted to the charming faces because of ______.‎ A. lack of control ‎ B. the imitation of the adults ‎ C. natural reaction ‎ D. the training in the experiments 原文：‎ ‎ Our sensitivity to physical beauty is not something we can control at will. We are born with it. Experiments showed that even babies prefer to look at attractive faces. Before they have opened up a single fashion magazine, they are drawn to the same faces as adults have judged to be attractive. ‎ ‎50. What is the main idea of the passage? ‎ A. It’s not fair that beauty is accepted as an effective recommendation. ‎ B. Physically attractive people are much wiser than ordinary-looking people. ‎ C. Beauty is of great importance, although it is not the most important in life. ‎ D. A growing number of people choose advanced technology to improve appearance.‎ 23‎ 文章结构 引子 提出理论 举例说明 结论 一辆汽车驶进加油站为了做什么？‎ 为了驶出加油站,驶向美好的未来!‎ 23‎