中考英语总复习3词法代词

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中考英语总复习3词法代词

中考英语总复习3词法代词 三、代词?‎ ‎(一)知识概要 英语中代词可以分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词。?人称代词主要有主格和宾格之别。请看下表 人称我你他她它我们你们他们 主格i you he she it we you they 宾格me you him her it us you them 物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。请看下表?‎ 人称我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的 形容词性my your his her its ours your they 名词性mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 反身代词可见下表 人称我你他她它我们你们他们 反身代词myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourself themselves 指示代词主要有this,that,these,those 疑问代词有:who,whom whose,what,which,‎ 还有疑问副词when,how,where,why。‎ 不定代词在初中课本中主要有some,any,many,much,each,neither,other,another,all,both,one,none,either…‎ ‎(二)正误辨析 ‎[误]Tom's mother is taller than my.‎ ‎[正]Tom's mother is taller than mine.‎ ‎[析]形容词性物主代词可以作定语,也就是讲它可以作形容词,如:my book,而这句话的意思是:汤姆的妈妈比我的妈妈高。比较的对象是my mother,也就是mine。‎ ‎[误]We have alot of homework to do today.So we need two or three hours to finish them.‎ ‎[正]We have alot of homework to do today.So we need two or three hours to finish it.‎ ‎[析]在应用代词时,要注意人称,格与数的一致性。这里it所代替的是不可数名词homework,所以应用it。‎ ‎[误]He and you should go to the library to return the books.‎ ‎[正]You and he should go to the library to return the books.‎ ‎[析]这主要是英语习惯上的用法。当两个以上的人称代词并列时其排列顺序一般为you,he,she,I,而复数时为we,you,they:如男女并列时,应先男后女,如:He and she…如果在表示不好意思,承担责任时,单数时用,I,he,she,you,复数时用They,you,we,如:Tom and Iare good friends.‎ You,he and Imust go to play the game for our team this afternoon.‎ We,you and they have been there before.‎ I,he and you have to pay for it.‎ ‎[误]He or his brother is doing their homework.‎ ‎[正]He or his brother is doing his homework.‎ ‎[析]由either…or,neither…nor,or连接两个主语时,如果两主语是单数时,用单数代词,如两主语是复数时,用复数代词,如:Either teachers or students want to do their best to help the old man.如是一单一复两名词时,一般将单数名词放在前,复数名词放在后,要用复数代词,如:The teacher or his students will clean their classroom together.‎ ‎[误]His brother is taller than him.‎ ‎[正]His brother is taller than he.‎ ‎[析]than是连词,其后应视为省略句,than he is.所以要注意区分其主格与宾格的用法。‎ I like you as much as she.‎ ‎[正]I like you as much as her.‎ ‎[析]as…as其后也应看作是省略句。应为as Ilike her.所以应用宾格。而第一句应译为我像她那样喜欢你。两句语法都是对的但含义不同。‎ ‎[误]Myself did it yesterday.‎ ‎[正]I myself did it yesterday.‎ ‎[正]I did it myself yesterday.‎ ‎[析]反身代词不可作主语,但可以用作主语的同位语。?‎ ‎[误]Take care of ourselves.‎ ‎[正]Take care of yourselves.(yourself)‎ ‎[析]祈始句的主语应看作第二人称you.‎ ‎[误]Please bring your daughter with yourself.‎ ‎[正]Please bring your daughter with you.‎ ‎[析]反身代词不能作介词宾语,除非是由不及物动词与介词组成的动词短语,如:The old woman spoke to herself.‎ ‎[误]Make yourself home.‎ ‎[正]Make yourself at home.‎ ‎[析]这是英语中的习惯用法,意为"像在家里一样"。这样的用法还有:?‎ enjoy oneself玩得开心make yourself at home像在家中一样 help yourself to something自己拿某物lost oneself迷路 seat oneself就坐dress oneself穿衣 ‎[误]-Who's this speaking.-That's Mary.‎ ‎[正]-Who's that speaking.-This is Mary.‎ ‎[析]在电话用语中,this指讲话人自己,而that指对方。‎ ‎[误]The days in summer are longer than this in winter.‎ ‎[正]The days in summer are longer than those in winter.‎ ‎[析]在比较句中往往为了避免重复,可以用that或those取代前面提到的事物,如是单数时用that,复数时用those,如:The weather in Beijing is hotter than that in Chang Chun.‎ ‎[误]It is so agood book that everyone likes to read.‎ ‎[正]It is such agood book that everyone likes to read.‎ ‎[正]It is so good abook that everyone likes to read.‎ ‎[析]在可数名词单数时可用so+形容词+不定冠词+名词+that从句,也可用such+不定冠词+形容词+that从句。在不可数名词或可数名词复数时,只用such,如:It is such good weather that Iwant to go swimming.They are such good books that Iwant to buy them all.在many,much,few,little这4个词前仅能用so,如:She has so much money that she can buy everything she wants.而在so与that之间仅存形容词时,则不能用such,如:She is so sweet that everyone likes her.‎ ‎[误]I want to buy asame dictionary as yours.‎ ‎[正]I want to buy the same dictionary as yours.‎ ‎[析]same与定冠词the是固定搭配不可更改。这样的用法还有all the same(仍然)。‎ ‎[误]-I hope she might pass the exam.-I don't hope so.‎ ‎[正]-I hope she might pass the exam.-I hope not.‎ ‎[析]在作肯定回答时,I think so.I hope so.I believe so.但作否定回答时为:I don't think so.I hope/believe not.‎ ‎[误]-He studied very hard this term.-So she did.‎ ‎[正]-He studied very hard this term.-So did she.‎ ‎[误]-English is difficult to learn.-So is it.‎ ‎[正]-English is difficult to learn.-So it is.‎ ‎[析]在对话中如果某一动作同时适用于两个主语,这时在答语中要用缩写且要用倒装句。如第一组句,即studied hard既适用于he,也适用于she.但答语仅仅是对前句的重复,即仅仅是第一句的缩写时则不要用倒装句。如第二组句子为:英语难学。答语为:是的,难学。这时缩写的答语不要用倒装句。‎ ‎[误]Everyone should do one's best.‎ ‎[正]Everyone should do his best.‎ ‎[析]one作代词时,它的复数形式是ones,所有格形式是one's,反身代词为oneself.如果讲One should do one's best.则是对句。如果one与别的词组成其他词,如:someone,anyone,everyone或only one则要用his/her,来作其所有格形式。‎ ‎[误]-Who won the game?-None.‎ ‎[正]-Who won the game?-No one.‎ ‎[析]由who提问的句子的否定回答中的简略说法是no one,而由How many提问的句子的否定回答中的简略语是None.如:How many books are there?None.‎ ‎[误]There are many trees on either sides of the street.‎ ‎[正]There are many trees on either side of the street.‎ ‎[正]There are many trees on both sides of the street.‎ ‎[析]either作代词时由两个含意,其一是两者中随便哪一个,如:You can take either.其二是两者中的每一个。但要注意的是either后要加单数名词,如果作主语则谓语动词也要用单数形式。‎ ‎[误]Either you or Iare right.‎ ‎[正]Either you or Iam right.‎ ‎[析]在either…or,或neither…nor连接两个主语时,其谓语动词要与和其相近的那个主语相配。‎ ‎[误]I have three sisters.Neither of them is adoctor.‎ ‎[正]I have three sisters.None of them is adoctor.‎ ‎[析]neither用于两者中无一是,而none则用于多于两者中的人或事物无一是。‎ ‎[误]He doesn't like Beijing opera.I don't like too.‎ ‎[正]He doesn't like Beijing opera,I don't like either.‎ ‎[析]either作为"也"讲时,要用于否定句中,而too则用于肯定句中。‎ ‎[误]We like both this little boy.‎ ‎[正]We both like this little boy.‎ ‎[析]both作同位语时,它在句中的位置有:在be动词之后,如:We are both students.在实意动词之前,如:The parents both want to go to the cinema.用于第一助动词之后,如:We have both read these English novels.使用时要注意以下句子的实际含意:Both of us are not right.应译为:我们俩不都对。Neither of us is right.才应译为:我俩都不对。又如:I can't give you both of the books.意为:两本书我不能全给你,而I can't give you either of the books.才为:两本书我全不能给你。‎ ‎[误]We each has aticket for the concert.‎ ‎[正]We each have aticket for the concert.‎ ‎[析]each作句子主语时其谓语动词要用单数形式,如:Each of us wants to learn English well,但each作同位语时,则应以原名词的数为准。‎ ‎[误]Every of us has to pass the exam.‎ ‎[正]Each of us has to pass the exam.‎ ‎[析]every只可作形容词,不可作代词,而each既可作形容词,又可作代词,在作形容词时each侧重强调个体,而every则侧重于全体。‎ ‎[误]Everyone of us should do housework two hours aday.‎ ‎[正]Every one of us should do housework two hours aday.‎ ‎[析]everyone不可与of结构相连接使用,而every one则可以这样用。‎ ‎[误]I should read English everyday.‎ ‎[正]I should read English every day.‎ ‎[析]要注意的是every day是"每天",而everyday则是形容词为"日常的"。如:everyday English日常英语,everyday life日常生活。‎ ‎[误]There are trees on every sides of the street.‎ ‎[正]There are trees on each side of the street.‎ ‎[析]every用于三者或三者以上的每一个,而each用于二者或二者以上的每一个。因为街道只有两侧,所以只能用each而不能用every.‎ ‎[误]All my parents are engineers.‎ ‎[正]Both my parents are engineers.‎ ‎[析]all用于三者或三者以上的全部,而both则用于两者的全部。‎ ‎[误]All of students might make some mistakes.‎ ‎[正]All of the students might make some mistakes.‎ ‎[正]All students might make some mistakes.‎ ‎[析]非特指的名词前可用all但不可用all of结构,也就是讲all of结构后面的名词前一定要有定冠词。其他与all有关的习惯用法还有:‎ all the year round,all week,all day,all winter ‎[误]The all village was flooded.‎ ‎[正]All the village was flooded.‎ ‎[析]all作修饰语时要用在所有修饰词之前。‎ ‎[误]The post office is on other side of the street.‎ ‎[正]The post office is on the other side of the street.‎ ‎[析]单数可数名词如在泛指某一个时用another,而特指时则要用the other,因街道只有两边,而不在这边必定是在另一边,所以要用特指。请参考下表的用法以便于记忆。‎ 单数复数 泛指another形容词作定语作名词 another代词other others 特指the other形容词 the other代词 the other the others ‎[误]There are ten students here Where are the others students?‎ ‎[正]There are ten students here.Where are the others?‎ ‎[正]There are ten students here Where are the other students?‎ ‎[析]the others=the other students.‎ ‎[误]The old man has two sons.One is ateacher,another is adoctor.‎ ‎[正]The old man has two sons.One is ateacher,the other is adoctor.‎ ‎[析]another用于泛指,如:Is it far from here to the station?I'm sorry.I have no idea.One may say it is quite near;another may say it is far from here.但在特指时则要用the other.它可以用作定语,the other one,也可以用作代词the other,但the other用作代词时它的含意一定是单数。如果指三者或者三者以上的情况时,则要用one…another…the other.或者one…a second…the third…‎ ‎[误]Some people like sports.The others like reading.‎ ‎[正]Some people like sports.Others like reading.‎ ‎[析]在泛指的复数名词前用some…others…others…来表示某些人…某些人…某些人…。‎ ‎[误]Please remember to water the flowers each other day.‎ ‎[正]Please remember to water the flowers every other day.‎ ‎[析]every other day为每隔一天。是习惯用法,不要随意改动。又如:on the other hand另一方面。‎ ‎[误]Many know him,but few likes him.‎ ‎[正]Many know him,but few like him.‎ ‎[析]few用于可数名词,意为几乎没有,但few作主语时谓语动词则要用复数形式,而a few为有一些。‎ ‎[误]You have few friends,haven't you?‎ ‎[正]You have few friends,have you?‎ ‎[析]little与few用于句中时,均要按否定句看待。‎ ‎[误]Much of what you said are true.‎ ‎[正]Much of what you said is true.‎ ‎[析]much用于不可数名词,作主语时用单数谓语动词。而many用于可数名词,它作主语时用复数形式的谓语动词。‎ ‎[误]This room is enough large for the students to live in.‎ ‎[正]This room is large enough for the students to live in.‎ ‎[析]enough可以用作代词,如:There is enough of the food.又如:Enough has been done for the work,但enough还可以作形容词来修饰名词,这时enough可以放在名词之前,也可放在名词之后,如:money enough与enough money都是对的。但当enough作副词修饰形容词时,则只能置于形容词之后了。‎ ‎[误]I want any books to read.Do you have any?‎ ‎[正]I want some books to read.Do you have any?‎ ‎[析]按照语法any用于疑问句和否定句,而some用于肯定句。‎ ‎[误]Would you like any thing to drink?‎ ‎[正]Would you like something to drink?‎ ‎[析]在由would you like发出的问句中,表达了说话者真心实意要为对方提供些饮料,或在说话者想得到对方的肯定答复时,在疑问句中要用some而不用any。‎ ‎[误]Someone want to meet you.‎ ‎[正]Someone wants to meet you.‎ ‎[析]不定代词应被看作单数,即使用and连接两个不定代词,也要看作单数,如:?Anyone and everyone has the right.任何人,每一个人都有这样的权力。‎ ‎[误]New York is much colder in winter than before.‎ ‎[正]It is much colder in New York in winter than before.‎ ‎[析]it常常用在英文的句子中来代表时间、距离、天气、自然现象,或用在句中作形式主语或宾语,如:‎ It is ten o'clock now.(代时间)‎ It is far from here to the airport.(代距离)‎ It is very hot.(代天气)‎ It is very difficult to learn English well.(作形式主语)‎ We found it very difficult to answer the question.(作形式宾语)‎ ‎[误]Be careful.Don't drink too many.‎ ‎[正]Be careful.Don't drink too much.‎ ‎[析]这里much所代的应是饮料或水,所以应为不可数名词。‎ ‎(三)例题解析 ‎1 These are ___books.Yours are over there.‎ A IB my Cme Dmine?‎ ‎[答案]B.‎ ‎[析]这里应用形容词性物主代词。?‎ ‎2-___ is she?‎ ‎-She is ateacher.‎ A What BHow CWho DWhere?‎ ‎[答案]A.‎ ‎[析]这里的四个疑问词放在问句中全都成立,但其意义不同。What is she?应译为"她的工作是什么?"或"她是做什么的?"而How is she?应译为"她身体如何?"而Who is she?应译为"她是谁?"其答语应为"她叫什么名字。"而Where is she?应为"她在什么地方?"由答语决定了这道题的选择。‎ ‎3___ is wrong with my watch.It has stopped___.‎ A Something,working BSomething,to work CAny thing,working DAnything,to work?‎ ‎[答案]A.‎ ‎[析]因为是肯定句所以应用Something,其后由于表停止工作了,则stop后要用动名词。‎ ‎4 Mary,help ___to the bananas,please.‎ A you Byour Cyourself Dyourselves?‎ ‎[答案]C.‎ ‎[析]help oneself to something为"自己拿某物"。yourself为"你一个人",而yourselves为"你们"。‎ ‎5-___ do you go to school every day?‎ ‎-By bus.‎ A How BWhy CWhen DWhere?‎ ‎[答案]A.‎ ‎[析]这题的答案是由问句决定的。?‎ ‎6 My skirt is___ popular than___.‎ A much,her Bmuch,hers Cmore,her Dmore,hers?‎ ‎[答案]D.‎ ‎[析]因句中有than,所以应选用比较级,而than后要选用名词性物主代词。‎ ‎7-Can you speak English?‎ ‎-Yes,but only___.‎ A few Ba few Clittle Da little ‎[答案]D.‎ ‎[析]因会讲某种语言的多少要用a little,把它看作不可数名词对待,此答语为:是的,但仅仅会讲一点。‎ ‎8 Mr.Smith is an old friend of___.‎ A IB me Cmy Dmine?‎ ‎[答案]D.‎ ‎[析]这里应选名词性物主代词,这也是英语的一种习惯用法,而不要选择my。‎ ‎9"___do you hear from your parents?"‎ ‎"About once amonth."‎ A How long BHow many CHow often DHow much?‎ ‎[答案]C.‎ ‎[析]How often问的是某一动作发生的频率,即在单位时间内发生多少次。‎ ‎10 Mr Green wouldn't say ___at the meeting.‎ A everything Bnothing Canything Dsomething?‎ ‎[答案]C.‎ ‎[析]在否定句中应用anything 11"Mum,Ann's coming tonight.Let's give her ___to eat."‎ ‎"Good idea!"‎ A anything nice Bnice anything Csomething nice Dnice something?‎ ‎[答案]C.‎ ‎[析]肯定句中用something而不用anything,不定代词的修饰词应放其后而不要放在其前面。‎ ‎12-When shall we meet,this evening or tomorrow evening?‎ ‎-I don't mind.___time is OK.‎ A Some BNeither CEither DBoth?‎ ‎[答案]C.‎ ‎[析]因如选用both则名词要用复数名词,也要用复数谓语动词,由于答语前有I don't mind则决定不能选择neither.‎ ‎13 This is not her kite,but___.‎ A he's Bhim Che Dhis?‎ ‎[答案]D.‎ ‎[析]要注意"他的"名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词是同形的。?‎ ‎14 Don't worry,Mum!___ news is good news.I'm sure daddy will come back soon.‎ A No BMany CThose DTwo ‎?[答案]A.‎ ‎[析]这是一条谚语,即没有消息就是好消息。?‎ ‎15 Mary has six apples.Her brother has three.She has ___apples than he.‎ A few Bmany Cmore Dfewer?‎ ‎[答案]C.‎ ‎[析]由于是比较级,根据题意应选"多于"而不是"少于"。?‎ ‎16 There isn't ___in today's newspaper.‎ A anything interesting Bsomething interesting Cnothing interesting Dinteresting anything ‎[答案]A.‎ ‎[析]由于句子是否定句,应选择anything,而且不定代词的修饰语应放在其后面。‎ ‎17 September 10th is___ Day?‎ A Teacher BTeachers CTeacher's DTeachers'‎ ‎[答案]D.‎ ‎[析]教师节Teachers'Day,儿童节Children's Day,妇女节Women's Day 18-In England,people eat alot of"takeaway"food.What about people in your country?‎ ‎-___ ASo we do.B We do so.C So do we.D We so do.?‎ ‎[答案]C.‎ ‎[析]在答语中用简略方式表达上文的一个动作同样适用于另一个主语时,则要采用倒装句,但如果仅仅是对上句的重复则不要倒装。?‎ ‎19-Shall we go into that shop and have alook?‎ ‎-Sorry.I won't.I have ___to do there.‎ A everything Banything Csomething Dnothing?‎ ‎[答案]D.‎ ‎[析]这个答案的选择应由上下两句对话内容作出决定。?‎ ‎20-Oh,dear!Who broke the glass?‎ ‎-___ Sam ___Bruce.It was the cat.‎ A Both,and BNot,but CNeither,nor DEither,or?‎ ‎[答案]C.‎ ‎[析]neither…nor意为既不…也不…‎ ‎21 The students are having agood time in the park.Some are drawing by the lake.___are climbing the hill.‎ A Others BOther CAnother DThe other ‎?‎ ‎[答案]A.‎ ‎[析]这里因为是代替复数名词,所以应用名词性的复数代名词。?‎ ‎22 She is not anurse.I'm not___.‎ A also Beither Cneither Dtoo?‎ ‎[答案]B.‎ ‎[析]在否定句中该用either,而不用too和also.‎ ‎23 Ihave two pencils.One is red,___ is blue.‎ A the other Banother Cothers Dthe others?‎ ‎[答案]A.‎ ‎[析]两者中的另一个应为特指。而且应为单数形式的代名词。而another是泛指单数代名词。others是泛指复数代名词,而the others是特指复数代名词。‎ ‎24 Sorry,I can't answer your question.‎ I know ___about the subject.‎ A little Ba little Cfew Da few?‎ ‎[答案]A.‎ ‎[析]中文讲我对此知道的不多,而英文中要用little。其含意为否定句。‎ ‎25 My sister doesn't like skating___.‎ A So do IB So Idon't CNeither Idon't DNeither do I?‎ ‎[答案]D.‎ ‎[析]这是表达上面否定句中的动作,也同样不适合 于第二个人。所以要用neither,并要采用倒装句。‎ ‎26 Yesterday morning there were only three boys in our room,___.‎ A you,he and IB I,you and he Che,I and you Dyou,I and he?‎ ‎[答案]A.‎ ‎[析]这是若干人称代词并列时的顺序问题。请参看辨析中的例子。?‎ ‎27 All the students are busy,so___of them will go to the concert.‎ A many Blittle Ca few Dfew?‎ ‎[答案]D.‎ ‎[析]student为可数名词。‎ ‎28 The teacher gave ___student anew book.‎ A nobody Bboth Ceach Dany?‎ ‎[答案]C.‎ ‎[析]both其后的名词应为复数,而any用于疑问句和否定句中只有each可以修饰单数可数名词。‎ ‎29 Black is neither ateacher ___a worker.‎ A or Beither Cnor Dand?‎ ‎[答案]C.‎ ‎[析]neither…nor为"既不…也不…"的固定搭配。‎ ‎30 Our teacher gave us___on studying.‎ A many advices Bsome advices Can advice Dsome advice?‎ ‎[答案]D.‎ ‎[析]advice为不可数名词。some可用于可数或不可数名词之前。‎ ‎31 There are two foreign friends in the park.One ___is from Japan,is from America.‎ A other Bothers Cthe other Dthe others?‎ ‎[答案]C.‎ ‎[析]因为是两者中的一个,所以另一个应用单数特指代词。?‎ ‎32 Are there ___on the table?‎ A some cups Bany cup Csome cup Dany cups?‎ ‎[答案]D.‎ ‎[析]此句是疑问句,应用any cups,因提问时的be动词用的是are。‎ ‎33 I've just bought five stamps.One is aGerman stamp,___are American stamps.‎ A the other Bthe others Cother Dothers?‎ ‎[答案]B.‎ ‎[析]此空应填入主语。又因其范围已定,所以应选特指的代名词。the other只能用作单数,而others是泛指复数代名词,故只能选B。‎ ‎34 It was___ fine day that they went to the park.‎ A aso Bso aC such aD asuch?‎ ‎[答案]C.‎ ‎[析]在单数可数名词前可以有两种表达法,即such+不定冠词+形容词+可数名词单数形式,如:such agood day,或者用so加形容词+不定冠词+可数名词单数,如:so good aday.‎ ‎35 At that time the train was slow and noisy.So___people liked taking trains.‎ A little Ba little Cfew Da few?‎ ‎[答案]C.‎ ‎[析]这是英文的表达法与中文不同之处。中文讲只有少数人喜欢坐火车,英文要选用"few"。‎ ‎36 We must help and understand each___.‎ A other Banother Cothers Dthe other?‎ ‎[答案]A.‎ ‎[析]each other意为"互相",是习惯用语。‎ ‎37 ___is difficult to walk on the moon.‎ A Man BOne CThat DIt?‎ ‎[答案]D.‎ ‎[析]这里的真正主语应为不定式to walk on the moon.而形式主语只能用it.‎ ‎38 Jane has sent several letters,but ___of them have been answered.‎ A all Bboth Ceither Dnone?‎ ‎[答案]D.‎ ‎[析]several letters意为"若干信件",应看作多于两者,则在A、D中作选择,仅D符合句意。‎ ‎39 Idon't know ___about the new headmaster.‎ A something Beverything Cnothing Danything?‎ ‎[答案]D.‎ ‎[析]否定句中应用anything.‎ ‎40___ of the students in the whole class could do this physics question.‎ A No BNone CNot DNeither?‎ ‎[答案]B.‎ 特别声明: 1:资料来源于互联网,版权归属原作者 2:资料内容属于网络意见,与本账号立场无关 3:如有侵权,请告知,立即删除。‎
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