新目标英语中考总复习——八年级上

新目标英语中考总复习——八年级上

新目标英语中考总复习—— 八年级上 实验学校 英语组 陈卓 Ⅰ.单词：‎ ‎1. time: “时间”,不可数名词;“次数，倍数”,可数名词. ‎ ‎“次数”的表达方法:一次once，两次twice，三次或三次以上：three times ‎2. want: want to do sth. want sb. to do sth. ‎ ‎3. be the same as … / be different from … 与……一样/ 与……不同 Is her lifestyle the same as yours or different? ‎ ‎4. try :try to do sth. 尽力/设法做某事try one’ best to do sth ‎5. although = though, 不能与but连用。‎ Although he was ill, he went to school on time.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎6. keep: 保持；使保持某种状态 (kept) keep + 形容词，keep doing sth ‎ We should keep our classroom clean. A lot of vegetables help you to keep in good health. ‎ keep in good health =keep healthy = stay healthy ‎7. way: 方法；方式by the way, on one’s way to, in some ways 在某些方面，在某种程度上 ‎8. foot— feet (pl.) tooth— teeth (pl.)‎ ‎9. advice劝告，建议，不可数名词，a piece of advice; ‎ suggestion建议，提议，可数，give sb some advice/ suggestions ‎10.lie“躺”,过去式lay，现在分词lying, lie down躺下 lie“撒谎”，过去式lied,现在分词lying. lie to sb= tell sb a lie.‎ ‎11. so pron.. “如此，这样”, 常用于believe, hope, think,do之后以避免重复 ‎12. problem& question都可以用作名词，意为“问题”， problem指被提出的问题，特别指疑难的、困难的问题，如数学、几何、失业等问题，常与solve或work out连用。question是对某事怀疑而提出讨论、等待回答的问题，常与ask或answer连用。‎ ‎13. should modal v. 后加动词原形，shouldn’t= should not ‎14. plan v. plan to do sth n. make a plan planned, planning ‎15. away adv. be away from离…远, take away拿走，run away拿走，right away立刻 ‎16. forget v. forget to do sth/ forget doing sth ‎17. famous a. be famous for …以（因）…而著名 be famous as… 作为…而著名 ‎18. something 为不定代词，另外还有anything, nothing, somebody,anybody, someone等。当形容词，else或动词不定式修饰时，切记把这些词 ‎19. forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety. hundred具体几百，不加s; 数以百计 hundreds of ‎20. the number of/ a number of a number of意为“许多的；若干的”后接复数名词，谓语动词通常用复数，number前常加great, large, good, small等形容词。the number of意为“…的数量”后接复数名词，但谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎21. far 比较级是farther/further，最高级是farthest/furthest，farther和 farthest指具体的空间距离，further /furthest即可指具体的空间距离，也可指抽象意义上的“进一步”。‎ ‎22. another, (the) other与(the) others辨析 ‎23. both （1）代词，两者，both用在系动词be、助动词或情态动词之后，实义动词前。both of后接名词、代词的复数形式。 Both of them are students.= They are both students.‎ ‎ (2) both… and…“不仅……而且”，用于连接两个并列成分。若连接两个主语，谓语动词用复数形式 ‎24. as conj.照……的方式；当时Please do it as our teacher told us. As you can see, … ‎ ‎ adv. 相同；像…… This story is as interesting as that one. prep. 作为 Ⅱ. 重点短语 ‎ ‎1. be good for... “对……有益”，反义：be bad for... ; be good at，相当于do well in... ‎ ‎2. look after= take care of 3 . get good grades 4. eating habits 5. kind of = a little 有点，后加形容词等, all kinds of 各种各样的 a kind of 一种，一类 6. healthy lifestyle 7. a lot of = lots of 8. junk food 9. at the moment=now/ at this moment常用现在进行时 10. a few 11. be angry with sb 12. take some medicine 13. gets tired get系表结构 14. for example 15. have a fever/ headache/ toothache/ sore throat 16. have/get a cold 17. western country 18. eat a balanced diet 19. be stressed out 20. go camping/ sightseeing/ hiking/ bike riding 21. spend time with friends/in the beautiful countryside 22. go away 23. for too long 24. take walks / take a walk 25. take a long vacation 26.think about / of sth/ doing sth 27. something different / interesting / important 28. leave for+ sp 29. finish sth. / doing sth. 30. get back= come back 31. take sth with sb. ‎ ‎32. take the subway/ train/ bus 33. take a taxi 34. ride a bike / bicycle ‎ ‎35.how far提问距离， 多远 36. from his home to school 37. have a quick breakfast. ‎ ‎38. the early bus 39. bus ride 40. bus stop/ station 41.subway/train station ‎ ‎42. around the world=all over the world 43. on the school bus 44. depend on ‎ ‎45. the other（两者中的）另一个. others = other students… 46. means of transportation ‎47. a small/ large number of 48. be ill in the hospital 49. worry about sb/sth. 50. must be ‎ ‎51. study for the chemistry test 52. go to the doctor/ concert 53. too much homework ‎54. have tennis training 55. keep quiet 56. the whole day/all day the whole week / year ‎ ‎57. come over to my house 58. be free = have time 59. invite sb to do sth./ to the party ‎ ‎60. the day after tomorrow 61. have some things in common 共有的；公有的 62. more than…‎ ‎63. primary school 64. beat sb. in sth. 65. opposite views and interests 66. help others 67. pour…in/into 68. cut up 69. turn on / off 70. put…into/on 71. mix up ‎ 72. add…to 73. a teaspoon of一茶匙, a cup of, a piece of一张/片/块, a glass of, a slice of ‎ 74. hang out with sb.　 　 75. get his autograph 76. win a prize/ the first prize ‎ ‎77. on a school trip 78. watch a dolphin show 79. at the end of... (the street/ this year),　 in the end = at last = finally 80. day off, on my last/ next day off 81. go for a drive　 　82. have fun (in) doing sth. 83. have a yard sale 84. in the future 85. at the beginning of… 86. in the rain/ dark/ sun/snow 87. in one’s opinion 88. can’t help doing sth. ‎ ‎89. in yesterday’s singing competition 90. international sports stars ‎ ‎91. play for the national team 92. was(were) born　　 93. the world record ‎ ‎94. perform Beijing Opera 95. because of 96. win a gold medal ‎ ‎97. pieces of music 98. at the age of… 99. take part in ‎100. the 14th Chopin International Piano Competition 101. major in 102. in the 70-year history ‎ ‎103． grow up 104. a professional basketball player 105. take acting lessons 106. move to sp ‎107. a year or two = one or two years 108. at the same time 109. my dream job ‎ ‎110. hold art exhibitions 111. all over the world = around the world 112. get a part-time job ‎113. make one’s New Year’s resolutions 114. eat healthier food 115. get lots of exercise 116. keep fit ‎117. communicate with sb. 118. do the chores/ dishes, sweep the floor, take out the trash, make one’s bed, fold one’s clothes, clean the living room 119. get a ride 120. do the laundry = do some washing = wash clothes ‎121. make breakfast / dinner = do some cooking 122. work on 从事，忙于; work at 学习、致力于、在……上下工夫 123. borrow sth. from sb. lend sb. sth.= lend sth. to sb. 124. agree sb. to do sth. agree with sb. ‎ ‎125. take good care of = look after…well 126. take … for a walk 127. forget to do / doing sth. ‎ ‎128. comfortable seats 129. big screens 130. the most creative/ boring 131. friendly service ‎ ‎132. a great success 133. close to home 134. do a survey of 135. ‎Forbidden City ‎136. in the north of China 137. an Ice and Snow Festival ‎ Ⅲ.交际用语 ‎1. What do you usually do on weekends? 2.询问喜好 What’s your favorite program? ‎ ‎3. Of course. 4. 表示建议Maybe you should see a dentist. Let’s do…/ Shall we do…? / Why not do…? = Why don’t you do…? / How/ What about doing…?/ You’d better do… 5. I hope you feel better soon. ‎ ‎6. I’m sorry to hear that … 7. Have a good time! 8. Can I ask you a few questions about your vacation plans? 9. What are you doing for vacation? 10. What do you think of the transportation in your city? = How do you like the transportation in …? What do you think of …? 你对…的看法怎样？= How do you like …?你认为…怎样？ ‎ ‎11. That’s too bad. Maybe another time. 12. —What’s today? —It’s Monday the 14th. ‎ ‎13. Thanks a lot for inviting me/asking. = Thank you very much for your invitation. ‎ ‎14. 邀请: Can you come to my party? / Would you like to come to my party? ‎ 接受邀请: Sure/Certainly/Of course, I’d love / like to./ Yes, I’d love /like to.‎ 委婉拒绝I’m sorry / I’m afraid I can’t visit next week. / I’d love to, but … / Sorry, but I can’t… ‎ ‎15. What’s your opinion? = What do you think of it? ‎ ‎16. —Is that Tara? —No, it isn’t. 用以询问不熟悉的人，不用he/ she，而用this/ that ‎17. 问个人爱好：Do you like lettuce in sandwich?‎ ‎18. I’m sorry you didn’t have fun on your day off.‎ ‎19. —Who’s that? —That’s Deng Yaping. She is a great Chinese ping-pong player. 用以询问对方的姓名、身份，that指较远的那个人。很少用Who’s she/ he?回答时仍用that或it.‎ ‎20. I’m not sure yet. 21. Thanks for taking care of my dogs.‎ ‎22. Could you clean your room? Yes, I can. 应答中，避免使用could, 要用can ‎ ‎23. What do young people think about places in town?‎ Ⅳ.重要句型 1. How often do you watch TV? I watch TV twice a week.‎ 2. What does he do on weekends? He sometimes watches TV.‎ 3. My mother wants me to drink it. She says it’s good for my health.‎ 4. How many hours do you sleep every night?‎ 5. My healthy lifestyle helps me get good grades.‎ 6. ‎ 医生询问病情的常用语句：1) What's wrong/ the matter (with you)?　 2) When did it / the pain start?　 3) How are you (feeling) now?　Are you feeling better today?　‎ 7. 病人诉说病情的常用语句：1) I don't feel very well. / I'm not feeling well. / I feel terrible.　　2) I have (got) a headache / a sore throat. / I have a pain in my back. / There's something wrong with my leg.　 ‎ 1. 医生检查、诊断和治疗的常用语句: 1) Let me take your temperature.　2) There's nothing much wrong / serious with you.　 3) You'd better stay in bed for a few days.　 3）You should drink a lot of water / lie down and rest.　4）Take the medicine after meals.　 　　 5）I hope you feel better soon.　 　　　‎ 2. It’s important to sleep eight hours a night. It’s important to eat a balanced diet.‎ ‎ It’s + adj + ( for sb. ) + to do sth. 做某事对某人来说…‎ ‎10. Eating Dangshen and Huangqi herbs is also good for this. V-ing 放句首当主语 11. What are you doing for vacation? I am babysitting my sister.‎ 12. When are you going? I’m going on the 12th.‎ 13. Where is he going? He is going to Italy. ‎ 14. Who are you going with? I’m going with my parents.‎ ‎15. That sounds interesting. sound，听起来，为感官动词，感官动词后面加形容词 ‎ 感官动词为：look（看起来）, feel（摸起来）, taste（尝起来）, smell（闻起来）…‎ 16. How long are you staying? I’m staying for four days.‎ 17. I hear that Thailand is a good place to go sightseeing.‎ ‎18. I am planning my vacation to Italy this weekend.‎ 19. How do you get to school? I walk to school. How does he get to school? He takes the subway.‎ ‎20. How long does it take? It takes about 25 minutes to walk and 10 minutes by bus.‎ 21. Lin Fei’s home is about 10 kilometers from school.‎ ‎22. How far is it (from your home to school)? = How far do you live from school?‎ 23. How far is it from here? It’s three miles.‎ 24. How long does it take you to get from home to school? It takes 25 minutes.‎ ‎ It takes / took (sb.) some time to do sth. 此句子结构可等同于：‎ ‎ sb. spend / spent some time on sth. / (in) doing sth. ‎ It took him 2 years to finish making the movie.= He spent 2 years (in) making the movie.‎ 25. Can you come to my party on Wednesday? Sure, I’d love to.‎ 26. I’m sorry. / Sorry, I can’t. I have to go to my guitar lesson. / I’m going to the movies.‎ 27. As you can see, in some ways we look the same, and in some ways we look different.‎ 28. Lin Ying is not as good at sports as her sister.‎ 29. My hair is shorter than hers. 30. She is a little more outgoing than me. 31. Pedro is funnier than Paul. ‎ 32. Liu Ying talks more than Liu Li . more是much的比较级，而不是many的比较级 33. I think a good friend makes me laugh. For me, a good friend likes to do the same things as me . ‎ ‎34. You must be good with children / enjoy telling jokes. be good with sb. 对某人好；与某人相处融洽 ‎ ‎35. We asked some people what they think and this is what they said.‎ ‎36. Teacher Wanted! 招聘教师 Call English Study Center at 443-5667 for more information.‎ ‎37. 步骤How do you make a banana milk shake？First, peel the bananas. Cut up the bananas. Next, Put the bananas and ice cream into the blender. Then, pour the milk into the blender. Finally, turn on the blender. ‎ ‎38. How many bananas do we need? How much yogurt do we need?‎ ‎39. Here’s a recipe for a great turkey sandwich!‎ ‎40. Check you have all the ingredients ‎41. First, put the butter on a slice of bread. Finally, put another slice of bread on the top.‎ 42. How was your school trip/ day off? The students had a terrible school trip. ‎ 43. What else did you do? Did you go to the zoo? No, I went to the aquarium.‎ 44. Were there any sharks? No, there weren’t any sharks, but there were some really clever seals.‎ 45. Finally, tired but happy, they took the bus back to school.‎ 46. However, no one came to the sale because the weather was so bad.‎ 47. Uncle Martin put some of his old things out in the yard and had a yard sale.‎ ‎48. －When was he born？－He was born in 1895. －Where were you born? －I was born in Beijing． ‎ ‎49. －How long did he hiccup? －He hiccupped for 69 years 5 months. ‎ ‎50. When did he start hiccupping? He started hiccupping in 1922.‎ ‎51. You are never too young to start doing things.‎ ‎52. Tiger Woods started golfing when he was only ten months old.‎ ‎53. Li Yundi, a well-known Chinese pianist, always loved music．‎ ‎54. When he was a small boy, he could hum songs and difficult pieces of music．‎ ‎55. He stopped playing football because of his sore back. = He stopped playing football because he had a sore back. because of + 名词、代词等，because + 句子，两个都表原因 ‎ He didn’t go to school yesterday because he was ill. = He didn’t go to school yesterday because of his illness. ‎ ‎ We didn’t go out because the weather was bad. = We didn’t go out because of the bad weather. ‎ ‎56. He began to learn the accordion at the age of four.‎ 57. What are you going to be when you grow up? I’m going to be an actor.‎ 58. How are you going to do that? I’m going to take acting lessons.‎ ‎59. Where are you going to work? When are you going to do that?‎ ‎60. When I grow up, I’m going to do what I want to do.‎ 61. I’m going to buy a big house with the money and I’m going to travel all over the world.‎ 62. Could you please clean your room? Yes, sure.‎ 63. Could you please do the dishes? Sorry, I can’t. I have to do my homework.‎ 64. Could I please go to the movies? Yes, you can./ Could I please use the car? No, you can’t. I have to go out.‎ ‎65. Take him for a walk. Give him water and feed him. Then wash his bowl. Play with him. Don’t forget to clean his bed. 66. What’s the best clothing store in town?‎ 67. Why do you think so? It has the friendliest service. It has the biggest screens and the most comfortable seats.‎ 68. Jason’s and Trendy Teens are good stores. Trendy Teens has better service. Jason’s has the best quality clothing. bad－worse－worst 69. Tourists need to wear warm clothes.‎ 70. Sanya is in Hainan Province in southern China.‎ Ⅳ.重要语法 一．频率副词及表示频率的短语 ‎1.频率副词有always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly, ever, never等 ‎2.频度副词的位置：‎ ‎　放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面，实义动词前。如：‎ ‎　David is often arrives late for school.大卫上学经常迟到。‎ ‎　We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.‎ ‎　有些频度副词如sometimes可放在句首或句尾。如：‎ ‎　Sometimes I walk home, sometime I ride a bike.‎ ‎3.表示频率的短语: every day( week, month, year…), once/ twice a week,‎ once a year, three times a day等 How often + 助动词do(does或did) + 主语 + do sth.? ‎ 用how often提问频率(多久一次)。‎ 二． 情态动词should“应该”学会使用 should作为情态动词，可用于所有人称，没有人称和数的变化，后加动词原形。‎ ‎1.用于表示劝告，建议，认为“应该”或“不应该”做某事或“有义务和责任”做某事。‎ 例如：You should eat a lot of healthy food. ‎ ‎2. 表示要求和命令。例如：You should listen to the teacher carefully in class. ‎ ‎3. 用于表示预测、可能。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如：‎ ‎　　They should arrive by supper time. 他们在晚饭前就能到了。 ‎ ‎4. 表示说话人的感情，如意外、愤怒、不能理解等，例如：‎ ‎　 How should I know? 我怎么知道？‎ Why should you come so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚？‎ 三．形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成：‎ ‎1. 一般在词尾加-er或-est； 如：‎ ‎ tall－taller，short－shorter等 ‎2. 以e结尾的词, 加-r或-st； 如：‎ ‎ nice－nicer，late－later等 ‎3. 重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写辅音字母，再加-er或-est如：‎ ‎ fat－fatter，thin－thinner等 ‎4. 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词，把变y为i，再加-er或-est ‎ heavy-heavier, funny-funnier等。‎ ‎5．多音节词、部分双音节词词前加more或most 如：‎ 原级 比较级 最高级 athletic outgoing serious more athletic more outgoing more serious most athletic most outgoing most serious interesting, exciting, expensive, boring, delicious…‎ 不规则变化 ‎ 原级 比较级 最高级 ‎ good well better best ‎ bad badly worse worst ‎ many much more most ‎ ‎ little less least ‎ far farther / further farthest/ furthest 形容词和副词有三个等级。 （1）原级 as + 原形 + as 与……一样 …… 否定式是：not as(so) … as…‎ This book is as interesting as that one.‎ He runs as fast as Jack. （2）比较级，用于两者之间的人或事物的比较，表示“较……”或“更……一些”‎ 其构成：比较级＋than ... ‎ Lucy’s hair is shorter than Lily’s.‎ The weather here is hotter than that in Guangzhou.‎ much, a lot, a little, a bit, even, far 用于比较级前说明比较级的程度 ‎ He is much taller than me. I’m a little fatter than him. ‎ ‎（3）形容词的最高级（用于三个或三个以上的人或事物的比较）‎ 其结构为the + 最高级＋of / in ... He is the tallest of the three. ‎ 四．be动词过去式的句式 was用于第一、第三人称单数，were用于第二人称单数及其他人称复数。‎ 否定句是在was/were后面加not，was not =wasn't， were not =weren't 一般疑问句是把was / were提前并放到句首，要求首字母要大写。‎ 一般过去时的时间状语都是明显表示过去的，如：yesterday, last night, last week, in 1998, two days ago, three years ago, a moment ago, just now等.‎ 五．一般将来时态 (be going to do) ‎ 用“be going to” 结构表示将来要发生的事，或打算、计划，决定要做的事情。‎ ‎ 1. 常于其搭配的时间状语有：‎ tomorrow, tomorrow evening, the day after tomorrow, soon (不久), this afternoon , next year, in the future (将来), in two days，next week…‎ ‎ 2. 陈述句基本构成：‎ ‎ 主语 + be (am , is , are) + going to + 动词原形 ‎ 如：I am going to travel around the world. 我将到世界各地旅游。‎ ‎ They are going to meet outside the school gate. 他们将在校门口见面。‎ ‎ He is going to play basketball tomorrow. 他打算明天打蓝球。‎ ‎ It is going to rain. 天将下雨。‎ ‎ 3. 否定句：‎ ‎ 主语 + be + not + going to + 动词原形 ‎ 如：We are not going to have any classes next week. 下周我们将不上课。‎ ‎ I am not going to be a teacher. 我将不成为教师。‎ ‎ 4. 疑问句：‎ ‎ 将am , is , are 提前大写即可 ‎ Be (Am , Is , Are ) + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 ‎ 如：Are you going to be a doctor when you grow up? 你长大后将做名医生吗？‎ ‎ 回答：Yes, I am. No, I am not.‎ ‎ Is he going to take the piano lesson tomorrow? 他明天上音乐课吗？‎ ‎ Yes, he is. No, he isn’t.‎ ‎ 5. 特殊疑问句：‎ ‎ 特殊疑问词 When (How , What , Where )等 + be (am , is , are ) + 主 + going to + 动词原形 ‎ 如：What are you going to do next Sunday? 你下星期天将做什么？‎ 在第三单元中我们还学过用现在进行时态(be doing)来表示将来计划要做某事。所以，若要表示将来计划要发生的动作，有时现在进行时和一般将来时可通用。 ‎ He is going to play basketball tomorrow.‎ ‎= He is playing basketball tomorrow.‎ Are you going to take the piano class this weekend?‎ ‎= Are you taking the piano class this weekend?‎ What are you going to do next Sunday?‎ ‎= What are you doing next Sunday?‎ 六．Could的用法 ‎1. Could you please clean your room? ‎ Yes, sure. / Sorry, I can’t. I have to do my homework first. 2. Could I please use the car? ‎ Sure. / Certainly. / Of course. / No, you can’t. I have to go out.‎ 在表示请求帮助或请求允许的疑问句中，常用could代替can，以表示礼貌，委婉或不确定的语气，而can则不具备这些语气。这种情况下不能把could看作can的过去式。以上两句中用could是为了表示礼貌的请求。表示请求帮助或请求允许时，除了can, could之外，还可以用may，句子的表达方式也各有不同，可以用不同的方式来表示同一个概念。例：‎ ‎ Could / Can / May I use your car for a day?‎ ‎ 作允答可以各种各样，‎ 如同意可以说Yes，或Sure或Certainly，还可说Yes, (do) please. 或Of course. (you may/can). 或That’s OK/all right. ‎ 如果不同意，可以说I’m sorry you can’t. 或I’m really sorry, but I have to use it today. 要避免说No, you can’t. 这样显得很不礼貌。否定回答通常用委婉语气。‎ could在表请求的问句中是为了表示礼貌或委婉语气，用在应答中则成了不确定语气，与情理不符。所以应答中不说Yes, you could. 或No, you couldn’t. 而要说Yes, you can. 或Sorry. /No, you can’t.‎