2012年中考英语语法考点知识复习15

2012年中考英语语法考点知识复习15

‎2012年中考英语考点15反意疑问句 反意疑问句是由两部分组成的，前一部分是对事物的陈述（即陈述句），后一部分是简短的提问（即简短疑问句），中间用逗号隔开。‎ 如果前一部分用肯定句，后一部分就用否定疑问句；如果前一部分用否定句，后一部分就用肯定疑问句。两部分的人称和时态要一致。其回答是用yes或no来表示。‎ 一、含be(is, are, was, were)动词的反意疑问句 其句型是：句型1:主语+ be+其它，isn’t(aren’t, wasn’t, weren’t)+ 主语?‎ ‎ 句型2:主语+ be not+其它，is(are, was, were) + 主语?‎ ‎① You are from America, aren’t you? Yes, I am. No, I’m not.‎ ‎② It isn’t very cold today, is it? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.‎ ‎③ Tom was away yesterday, wasn’t he? Yes, he was. No, he wasn’t.‎ ‎④ The Green weren’t at home last night, were they? ‎ Yes, they were. No, they weren’t.‎ ‎⑤ Mary is reading English now, isn’t she? Yes, she is. No, she isn’t.‎ ‎⑥ Your parents aren’t going to have a party this Sunday, are they? ‎ Yes, they are. No, they aren’t. ‎ ‎⑦ The girls were singing when the teacher came in, weren’t they?‎ Yes, they were. No, they weren’t.‎ 注意：There be句型 ‎ ‎① There is an old picture on the wall, isn’t there?‎ ‎ Yes, there is. No, there isn’t.‎ ‎② There aren’t any children in the room, are there?‎ 15‎ ‎ Yes, there are. No, there aren’t. ‎ ‎③ There wasn’t a telephone call for me, was there?‎ ‎ Yes, there was. No, there wasn’t.‎ ‎④ There were enough people to pick apples, weren’t there?‎ ‎ Yes, there were. No there weren’t. ‎ 二、行为动词的一般现在时的反意疑问句 ‎ 其句型是：句型1: 主语+动词原形+其它，don’t I(you, we, they)?‎ ‎ 句型2: 主语+ don’t+动词原形+其它，do I(you, we, they)?‎ ‎ 句型3: 主语+动词第三人称单数+其它，doesn’t he(she, it)?‎ ‎ 句型4: 主语+ doesn’t+动词原形+其它，does he(she, it)?‎ ‎① You often watch TV in the evening, don’t you? Yes, I do. No, I don’t.‎ ‎② The students don’t study hard, do they? Yes, they do. No, they don’t.‎ ‎③ Mary studies Chinese hard, doesn’t she? Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t.‎ ‎④ The boy doesn’t often go to school by bike, does he? ‎ ‎ Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t.‎ ‎⑤ The first class begins at eight, doesn’t it? Yes, it does. No, it doesn’t.‎ 三、 行为动词的一般过去时的反意疑问句 其句型是：句型1: 主语+动词过去式+其它，didn’t+主语?‎ ‎ 句型2: 主语+didn’t+动词原形+其它，did +主语?‎ ‎① You watched TV last night, didn’t you? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.‎ ‎② Jim’s parents didn’t go to Hong Kong last month, did they?‎ ‎ Yes, they did. No, they didn’t.‎ 15‎ ‎③ The rain stopped, didn’t it? Yes, it did. No, it didn’t.‎ ‎④ Mr. Clarke didn’t buy a car, didn’t he? Yes, he did. No, he didn’t.‎ 四、一般将来时的反意疑问句 ‎ 其句型是：句型1: 主语+will+动词原形+其它，won’t+主语?‎ ‎ 句型2: 主语+ won’t +动词原形+其它，will +主语?‎ ‎① The boys will play games, won’t they? Yes, they will. No, they won’t.‎ ‎② It won’t stop raining, will it? Yes, it will. No, it won’t.‎ ‎③ Mr. Smith will visit our school next week, won’t he? Yes, he will. No, he won’t.‎ 注意：There be句型的一般将来时 ‎① There will be a basketball match tomorrow, won’t there?‎ ‎ Yes, there will. No, there won’t.‎ ‎② There won’t be too much pollution in the future, will there?‎ ‎ Yes, there will. No, there won’t.‎ 五、现在完成时的反意疑问句 其句型是：句型1: 主语+have+动词过去分词+其它，haven’t+主语?‎ ‎ 句型2: 主语+ haven’t +动词过去分词+其它，have +主语?‎ ‎ 句型3: 主语+has+动词过去分词+其它，hasn’t+主语?‎ ‎ 句型4: 主语+ hasn’t +动词过去分词+其它，has +主语?‎ ‎① You have been to Shanghai before, haven’t you? Yes I have. No, I haven’t.‎ ‎② You haven’t been to Shanghai before, have you? Yes I have. No, I haven’t.‎ ‎③ Jack has done his homework, hasn’t he? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.‎ ‎④ Jack hasn’t done his homework, has he? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.‎ 15‎ 六、现在完成进行时的反意疑问句 其句型是：句型1: 主语+have been+动词现在分词+其它，haven’t+主语?‎ ‎ 句型2: 主语+ haven’t been +动词现在分词+其它，have +主语?‎ ‎ 句型3: 主语+has been +动词现在分词+其它，hasn’t+主语?‎ ‎ 句型4: 主语+ hasn’t been +动词现在分词+其它，has +主语?‎ ‎① You have been skating for five hours, haven’t you? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.‎ ‎② You haven’t been skating for five hours, have you? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.‎ ‎③ Bob has been collecting kites since 1999, hasn’t he? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.‎ ‎④ Bob hasn’t been collecting kites since 1999, has he? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.‎ 七、含有情态动词的反意疑问句 其句型是：句型1: 主语+情态动词+动词原形+其它，情态动词否定形式+主语?‎ ‎ 句型2: 主语+情态动词否定形式+动词原形+其它，情态动词+主语?‎ ‎① You can speak French, can’t you? Yes, I can. No, I can’t.‎ ‎② They can’t understand me, can they? Yes, they can. No, they can’t.‎ ‎③ Ann could swim when she was six, couldn’t she? Yes, she could. No, she couldn’t.‎ ‎④ The students must study hard, mustn’t they? Yes, they must. No, they needn’t.‎ 注意：You must go home now, needn’t you? Yes, I must. No, I needn’t.‎ ‎★ 值得注意的是有时英语的谓语动词并不用否定式（即没加上not），‎ 而是用上了“never, little, few, hardly, nothing, nobody”等词，这时该陈述句也属于否定句，因此，反意疑问句的后半部分应用肯定疑问式。‎ ‎① You have never been to Beijing, have you? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.‎ ‎② Mr. Fat has few friends here, does he? Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t.‎ ‎③ There is little milk in the bottle, is there? Yes, there is. No, there isn’t.‎ 15‎ ‎④ He could do nothing, could he? Yes, he could. No, he couldn’t.‎ 八、祈使句用于反意疑问句中 ‎ 这种类型较特殊，前一部分是祈使句，后一部分是肯定疑问形式。回答也较灵活。‎ 句型1: Let me+动词原形+其它，shall I?‎ Let me open the door, shall I? ‎ Yes, please. No, thanks.‎ 句型2: Let’s+动词原形+其它，shall we?‎ Let’s go for a walk, shall we? Good idea! Sorry, I can’t.‎ 句型3: 其它形式的祈使句，will you?‎ Come into the classroom, will you? OK.‎ 反意疑问句综述 反意疑问句提出情况或看法，问对方同不同意，这种问句都由两部分组成，前一部分用陈述句的形式，后一部分是一个附着在前一部分上的简短问句。 ‎ ‎　　1．一般情况下，如陈述句中含有助动词、情态动词或系动词be, 则在附加疑问句中应重复此助动词、情态动词或系动词be, 问句中的主语应与前面陈述句的主语同指一个(些)人或物。如： ‎ ‎　　He has finished his homework, hasn’t he? ‎ 15‎ ‎　　She can’t swim, can she? ‎ ‎　　Mary is a college student, isn’t she? ‎ ‎　　2．如陈述句部分中谓语动词仅为实义动词。则应借助于助动词do 的适当形式引导问句。附加疑问句部分的主语与陈述句的主语一致。如： ‎ ‎　　You went home yesterday, didn’t you? ‎ ‎　　He likes playing basketball, doesn’t he? ‎ ‎　　3．如陈述句部分是 I 引导的主系表结构组成，附加疑问句部分的主语仍用第一人称单数，但谓语动词应用are的某种形式，一般不用am。如： ‎ ‎　　I’m a teacher, aren’t I / ain’t I? ‎ ‎　　4．若陈述句部分为祈使句，则附加疑问句部分中用will you 或 won’t you。如： ‎ ‎　　Be quick, won’t you / will you? ‎ ‎　　Let us have a rest, will you / won’t you? ‎ ‎　　但如陈述句部分为否定祈使句，附加疑问句部分用will you。如： ‎ ‎　　Don’t smoke here, will you? ‎ ‎　　Don’t make so mush noise, will you? ‎ ‎　　如果陈述句部分为let’s 开头的祈使句，附加疑问句部分用“shall we?”。如： ‎ ‎　　Let’s stop here, shall we? ‎ ‎　　5．如陈述句部分含有hardly, seldom, never, little, few, never等否定意义的词时，附加疑问句部分要用肯定形式。如： ‎ ‎　　He hardly raised his head, did he? ‎ ‎　　She is never here on time, is she？ ‎ ‎　　6．如陈述句部分的主语为nothing, nobody, none, no one 等含有否定意义的不定代词时，附加疑问句部分用肯定形式。如： ‎ 15‎ ‎　　Nothing has happened, has it? ‎ ‎　　No one knows about it, does he? ‎ ‎　　7．如陈述句部分的主语为表示物的不定代词everything, something, nothing, anything等时，附加疑问句部分主语应是it。如： ‎ ‎　　Nothing has been taken away, has it? ‎ ‎　　Everything is right, isn’t it? ‎ ‎　　8．陈述句部分的主语为表示人的不定代词no one, someone, nobody, everyone, anybody, anyone等时，附加疑问句部分主语用they 或 he。如： ‎ ‎　　Everybody knows how to do it, don’t they/ doesn’t he? ‎ ‎　　Nobody was there, wasn’t he / weren’t they? ‎ ‎　　9．如陈述句部分的谓动词或表语是通过加前缀构成的否定词，附加疑问句部分用否定形式。如： ‎ ‎　　He is unfit for the job, isn’t he? ‎ ‎　　They discovered the secret, didn’t they? ‎ ‎　　It is unnecessary to write down all the words and phrases, isn’t it? ‎ ‎　　10.陈述句部分的主语是“none+of+ n.”, 附加疑问句部分的谓语在人称和数上应和这个名词保持一致。如： ‎ ‎　　None of the students went there, did they? ‎ ‎　　None of the dish smells good, does it? ‎ ‎　　11. 陈述句部分是一个复合句，附加疑问句部分的主语谓语在人称和数上一般与主句保持一致。如： ‎ ‎　　He said he would help me, didn’t he? ‎ ‎　　You promised that you would do me a favour, didn’t you? ‎ ‎　　12．在复合句中，如果主句的主语是I，谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, ‎ 15‎ guess等时,附加疑问句部分的主语和谓语应和从句保持一致。当主句或从句中出现否定词时，则附加疑问句部分一律用肯定形式。如： ‎ ‎　　I don’t think you are right, are you? ‎ ‎　　I believe he will come today, won’t he? ‎ ‎　　I suppose you know him, don’t you? ‎ ‎　　13．陈述句部分的谓语动词是wish，附加疑问句部分应用“may+主语”。如： ‎ ‎　　I wish to go there tomorrow, may I? ‎ ‎　　I wish to have a word with you, may I? ‎ ‎　　14．陈述句部分是there be 句型时，附加疑问句部分主语用“be there”的适当形式。 如： ‎ ‎　　There are a lot of students in the hall, aren’t there? ‎ ‎　　There won’t be any trouble, will there? ‎ ‎　　There is something wrong, isn’t there? ‎ ‎　　15．陈述句部分的主语为this 或that，附加疑问句部分的主语用代词it；如果是these 或those，用they。如： ‎ ‎　　This is a desk, isn’t it? ‎ ‎　　These are books, aren’t they? ‎ ‎　　16．当动词不定式、动名词短语、从句作主语时，附加疑问句部分主语用it，谓语动词由陈述句部分决定。如： ‎ ‎　　To see is to believe, isn’t it? ‎ ‎　　What he said is true, isn’t it? ‎ ‎　　Where to hold the meeting has not been decided, has it? ‎ ‎　　Learning how to repair motors takes a long time, doesn’t it? ‎ 15‎ ‎　　17．如果陈述句部分由两个或以上的并列句组成，则附加疑问句部分的主谓语应和最后一个分句保持一致。如： He studies hard and he is the best one in his class, isn’t he? ‎ ‎　　He got up late, and he didn’t arrive on time, did he? ‎ ‎　　He has been writing letters all afternoon, and he should be finished, shouldn’t he? ‎ ‎　　18．当陈述句部分含有情态动词must，且表示推测意义“一定”、“想必”时，附加疑问句部分不能用must，而应根据陈述句部分的不定式结构采用相应的主动词或助动词。 ‎ ‎　　(1) must be, must be doing 的反意问句用be not 的简略式。如： ‎ ‎　　He must be your friend, isn’t he? ‎ ‎　　They must be hunting in the mountains, aren’t they? ‎ ‎　　(2) must +have done (been) 时，若动作在过去发生，用didn’t / wasn’t / weren’t；若动作延续但现在或已经完成，则用haven’t/ hasn’t。如： ‎ ‎　　He must have been a schoolboy when the war broke out, wasn’t he? ‎ ‎　　He must have joined the army when he left home, didn’t he? ‎ ‎　　Charlie must have worked here for 12 years, hasn’t he? ‎ ‎　　It’s one o’clock in the afternoon. They must have had lunch, haven’t they? ‎ ‎　　(3) must+动词原型（be,have除外)，用do / does / did not 的简略式，若must 后接表示 “有”的意思的have，则用have / has / had not 或 do / did/ dose not皆可。如： ‎ ‎　　He must feel terrible, doesn’t he? ‎ ‎　　You must have a lot of jewels, haven’t / don’t you? ‎ ‎　　19．当陈述句部分的must 表示“必须”时，附加疑问句部分用mustn’t; must 表示“有 必要”时，附加疑问句部分用needn’t；mustn’t 表示“禁止”时，附加疑问句部分一般用must,有时用may。如： ‎ ‎　　You must work hard next term, mustn’t you? ‎ ‎　　I must answer the letter, mustn’t it? ‎ 15‎ ‎　　You must go back right now, needn’t you? ‎ ‎　　You mustn’t walk on grass, must you? ‎ ‎　　20．当陈述句部分含有情态动词ought to 时，附加疑问句部分可以用oughtn’t ( in British English)，也可以用shouldn’t(in American English)。如： ‎ ‎　　You ought to go there, oughtn’t you / shouldn’t you? ‎ ‎　　21．当陈述句部分含有情态动词need，dare 时，如果need, dare 为情态动词，则附加疑问句部分应重复此动词；如果是实意动词时，则要借助助动词do。如： ‎ ‎　　You dare to swim in the sea, don’t you? ‎ ‎　　He needn’t say sorry to me, need he? ‎ ‎　　22．当陈述句部分的谓语动词是have 时,附加疑问句部分应视不同情况采用不同形式。 ‎ ‎　　(1) have意为“有”时，附加疑问句部分采用have或do 的形式。如： ‎ ‎　　She has two children, hasn’t she?/doesn’t she? ‎ ‎　　She doesn’t have a new bike, does she? ‎ ‎　　(2) 其他情况下，则应借助于do。如： ‎ ‎　　They had a meeting here yesterday, didn’t they? ‎ ‎　　23．陈述句部分以代词one 作主语时，附加疑问句部分在正式场合用one，非正式的用you。如： ‎ ‎　　One can’t be too careful, can one (canyou )? ‎ ‎　　24．陈述句部分用had better结构时，附加疑问句部分用had。如： ‎ ‎　　You had better finish the experiment, hadn’t you? ‎ ‎　　25. 陈述句部分用have to do sth. 结构时,附加疑问句部分借助于助动词do的适当形式。 如： ‎ ‎　　I have to do the work now, don’t I? ‎ 15‎ ‎　　She had to give up the plan, didn’tshe? ‎ ‎　　We have to finish the composition in class, don’t we? ‎ ‎　　26.当陈述句部分用used to 时，附加疑问句部分用used to形式或did形式。如： ‎ ‎　　He used to have a walk after supper, usedn’t he / didn’t he? ‎ ‎　　27．陈述句部分是感叹句时，附加疑问句部分应用否定形式，其主语取决于表示感叹的对象采用相应的代词，且用动词be的现在时。如： ‎ ‎　　What a lovely day, isn’t it? ‎ ‎　　What colours, aren’t they? ‎ ‎　　What a stupid boy, isn’t he? ‎ ‎　　How delighted, isn’t he? ‎ ‎　　28．陈述句部分用neither...nor...，either...or...并列主语时，附加疑问句部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。如： ‎ ‎　　Neither you nor I am an engineer, are we? ‎ ‎　　Neither you or he studies politics, don’t they? ‎ ‎　　29．当对某人的话表示怀疑或讽刺时，用简略的形式重复对方的话，然后再加上反意问句，陈述句部分和附加疑问句部分的形式应取得一致，要么都肯定，要么都否定。如： ‎ ‎　　Jack: Tom told me he saw a snake last night. ‎ ‎　　Mary: He did, did he? ‎ ‎　　30．陈述句部分有语气词so, ah, oh等时,附加疑问句部分与陈述句部分应该同为肯定或否定，这类反意问句往往带有感情色彩。 如： ‎ ‎　　So you are a student, are you? ‎ ‎　　So she can’t swim, can’t she?‎ 15‎ 反意疑问句的特殊情况如下：‎ ‎1)　陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 aren”t I.‎ ‎　　I”m as tall as your sister，aren”t I?‎ ‎2)　陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。‎ ‎　　I wish to have a word with you, may I?‎ ‎3)　陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。　　The Swede made no answer, did he / she?‎ ‎　　Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?‎ ‎4)　含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldn”t / oughtn”t +主语。‎ ‎　　He ought to know what to do, oughtn”t he? / shouldn”t he?‎ ‎5)　陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用don”t +主语（didn”t +主语）。‎ ‎　　We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don”t we?‎ ‎6)　陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didn”t +主语或 usedn”t +主语。‎ ‎　　He used to take pictures there, didn”t he? / usedn”t he?‎ ‎7)　陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn”t you?‎ ‎　　You”d better read it by yourself, hadn”t you?‎ ‎8)　陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldn”t +主语。‎ ‎　　He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn”t he?‎ 15‎ ‎9)　陈述部分有You”d like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn”t +主语。‎ ‎　　You”d like to go with me, wouldn”t you?‎ ‎10) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。‎ ‎　　He must be a doctor, isn”t he?‎ ‎　You must have studied English for three years, haven”t you? / didn”t you?‎ ‎　　He must have finished it yesterday, didn”t he?‎ ‎11) 感叹句中，疑问部分用be +主语。‎ ‎　　What colours, aren”t they?‎ ‎　　What a smell, isn”t it?‎ ‎12)　陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。‎ ‎　Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?‎ ‎13)　陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。‎ ‎　　Everything is ready, isn”t it?‎ ‎14)　 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况： ‎ ‎　a. 并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。‎ ‎　　Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn”t he?‎ ‎　b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：‎ ‎　　He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?‎ ‎　　He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn”t he?‎ ‎　c. 上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose,‎ 15‎ ‎ imagine等引导的定语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。‎ ‎　　I don”t think he is bright, is he?‎ ‎　　We believe she can do it better, can”t she?‎ ‎15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。‎ ‎　　Everyone knows the answer, don”t they?　(does he?)‎ ‎　　Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)‎ ‎16) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。‎ ‎　　We need not do it again, need we ?‎ ‎　　He dare not say so, dare you?‎ ‎　 当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。‎ ‎　　She doesn”t dare to go home alone, does she?‎ ‎17)　省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。‎ ‎　　Don”t do that again, will you?‎ ‎　　Go with me, will you / won”t you ?‎ 注意： Let”s 开头的祈使句，后用shall we?‎ ‎　　Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you?‎ ‎　　Let”s go and listen to the music, shall we?‎ ‎　　Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?‎ ‎18)　陈述部分是"there be"结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。‎ ‎　　There is something wrong with your watch, isn”t there?‎ ‎　　There will not be any trouble, will there?‎ ‎19)　否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。‎ 15‎ ‎　　It is impossible, isn”t it? 　　He is not unkind to his classmates, is he? ‎ ‎20)　must在表"推测"时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。‎ ‎　 He must be there now, isn”t he? 　 It must be going to rain tomorrow, won”t it?‎ 15‎