2020-2021学年中考英语训练专题02 完形填空之说明文

2020-2021学年中考英语训练专题02 完形填空之说明文

‎2020-2021学年中考英语重难点题型讲解训练专题02 完形填空之说明文 说明文是以说明为主要表达方式，用来说明事物、阐明事理的一种文体。它通过揭示概念来说明事物的特征、本质及其规律性，给人准确的科学知识或传递某种思想。中考中常见的说明类完形填空有自我介绍、人物介绍（传记）、地方介绍、习俗介绍、节日介绍、方法（步骤）介绍，产品说明、新闻报道等。‎ Part 1考情分析 说明型完形填空选材难度一般低于试卷中的阅读理解大题。在设空与选项设计方面充分体现了语言知识运用题的要求：以实词为主，名、动、形、副等词类占全部小题数的90%，绝大多数小题都要从全文角度进行判断。说明性完形填空用言简意赅的文字，按照一定的方法介绍事物、解释事理。最显著的特点是：‎ ‎1.开头点题 做说明型完形填空时，要明确说明的对象是具体实物还是理论概念。因此，明确说明的对象是掌握说明细节的前提。在说明型填空中，作者一般会在首句直接提出说明的对象。‎ ‎2.结构清晰 把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明文的写作一般按时间顺序(指先后顺序)，空间顺序(从局部到整体，从上到下、从内到外)，逻辑顺序(前因后果，先果后因，先主后次)；认识顺序(由此及彼，由浅入深，由具体到抽象，由现象到本质)。‎ ‎ ‎ Part 2解题思路 ‎1.通过短文抓主旨 一般情况下，完形填空短文都不给标题，不容易把握文章的主题和大意。但短文首句通常不设空格，这就为我们窥视文章全貌提供了一个窗口，而尾句往往是文章的总结、结论和点睛之笔，所以抓住开篇启示作用的首句和总结概括性的尾句是必要的。‎ ‎【例1】‎ Every language student wants to know the secret to making the post progress in the shortest time．What does the perfect learner do to better acquire a foreign language？The following are some tips which may help you （75）______your language skills．‎ Learn every day Even when you are really tired，do some learning，even if it's only 5-10minutes． Never miss a chance to increase your knowledge．Use it，（76） ______lose it! Practice makes perfect．‎ Memorize new vocabulary To really learn a new word，you have to remind yourself of it six times over hours，days and weeks．Write down all your new vocabulary in a little book that you can always carry around with you，or keep a （77）______in your mobile---you always have it with you，don't you？According to a recent study， 86percent of the participants believe that they are more likely to be successful in remembering new words with a vocabulary list．‎ Be（78）______‎ Don't worry about small mistakes! No one minds! When you learn new vocabulary or grammar，use it as soon as possible．If you can't use them （79）______ ，it is likely that someone will corrct you at once．Challenge yourself! Go for it!‎ ‎（80）______，you can use technology to improve your English such as listening to podcasts（播客）of native speakers，reading news in the language you are learning，watching videos etc.Cheer up! You can be a perfect language learner!‎ ‎75．A．affect B． create C． improve D． follow ‎76．A．and B． or C． but D． so ‎77．A．diary B． program C． record D． promise ‎78．A．serious B． active C． honest D． brave ‎79．A．accurately B． freely C． completely D． easily ‎80 . A .For these reasons B． In addition C．In other words D． In a word ‎【详解】‎ ‎75．C． 考查动词辨析． affect 影响； create 创造； improve提高； follow 按照，遵循． 根据题干关键句：The following are some tips which may help you 可知该句句意是： 下面的一些建议也许会帮助你"提高"你的语言技能． 又因固定搭配： help sb do sth 帮助某人做某事． 所以该空填动词原形． 结合选项可知improve your language skills提高你的语言技能， 符合题意， 故选C．‎ ‎76．B． 考查连词． and和； or 或者，否则； but 但是； so 因此． 根据题干可知谚语： use it or lost it! 非用即失! 用连词or表否则．所以该句选B． ‎ ‎77．C． 考查名词辨析． diary日记； program 项目； record 记录； promise 许诺． 根据题干可知固定短语： keep a record 作记录． 又因关键词"a " 一，一个， 修饰可数名词的单数形式， 所以该空填名词． 故选C． ‎ ‎78．D． 考查形容词辨析． serious严重的； active积极的； honest 诚实的； brave 勇敢的． 根据后一句： Don't worry about small mistakes! 句意： 不要害怕犯错误． 可知要勇敢点． 又因"be" 后面可接形容词做表语． 所以该空填形容词． 选项" brave" 勇敢的，是形容词， 符合题意， 故选D． ‎ ‎79．A． 考查副词辨析． accurately准确地，精确地； freely自由地； completely 完全地； easily容易地． 根据主句： it is likely that someone will corrct you at once．句意：可能有人立马给你纠正． 可知该句句意是： 如果你不能准确地使用它们． 又因题干关键词"use"使用， 是动词， 可用副词来修饰， 所以设空处填副词． 选项"accurately' 准确地， 是副词， 符合题意， 故选A．‎ ‎80．B． 考查短语． For these reasons因为这些原因； In addition另外，并且； In other words换句话说； In a word 总之． 根据后面分句：you can use technology to improve your English．句意： 你可以用科技来提高你的英语． 可知该句还是一条提高英语的建议， 所以前面用'In addition"另外， 并且，相当于副词， 放在句首， 引导附加的建议． 故选B．‎ ‎2.精读短文析文意 应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服“定式思维”，根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。要吃透文意，理解到位，应做到以下几点：‎ 第一点：从上下文的角度考虑，注意其内在联系。‎ 第二点：从词汇意义及用法、惯用方式和搭配的角度去考虑，准确判断。‎ 第三点：从逻辑推理、常识等角度考虑，挖掘文章的寓意及隐含意义。‎ 第四点：从英汉两种语言的差异角度去考虑，避免错误。‎ ‎3.复读全文再检验 在做完一篇完形填空后，文章完整了，应从头至尾读一遍，根据复读的语感和对整篇短文的理解，再次将较明显的错误改正，个别需要推敲的再做调整，尽可能少出错。‎ ‎【例2】‎ Staying healthy while travelling can make your trip happier. But do you know how to keep healthy during a trip？The following information may be（31）_______ to you．‎ Before leaving Wear （32）_______ shoes，a hat and sunglasses．Take some necessary medicine（药） with you．They can be used when you get（33）_______ or have other problems．Do some exercise for weeks or months before you（34）_______ if you plan to do lots of walking or climbing during your trip．（35）_______ some food．The first thing you need to think about is（36）_______ you will travel with the food．If you take a long trip，you should bring food such as sweets，biscuits and some fruit．They don't go bad （37） _______．The nearer people can bring meat，fish，eggs，milk and even salads and vegetables．‎ While travelling If you feel tired， get enough time to have a（38）_______ during your trip．Then be sure to eat fruit（39）_______ season and not to try dirty or bad fruit．Finally，tap（水龙头） water is not always safe，so drink bottled（40）_______ and always remember this．‎ ‎31． A． careful B． useful C． cheerful D． hopeful ‎32． A． comfortable B． dangerous C． interesting D． awful ‎33． A． unhappy B． excited C． sick D． bored ‎34． A． wait B． leave C． return D． end ‎35． A． Trust B． Throw C． Repair D． Prepare ‎36． A． how long B． how much C． how heavy D． how many ‎37． A． slowly B． quickly C． quietly D． sadly ‎38． A． stay B． test C． look D． rest ‎39． A． in B． for C． on D． to ‎40． A． coffee B． juice C． water D． milk ‎【详解】‎ ‎31． B 考查形容词．careful 仔细的；useful 有用的；cheerful 开心的；hopeful 有希望的．结合语境可知此处表示以下信息也许对你来说有用，选B．‎ ‎32． A 考查形容词．comfortable 舒适的；dangerous 危险的；interesting 有趣的；awful 糟糕的．结合语境可知此处表示穿上舒适的鞋子，帽子，戴上眼镜，选A．‎ ‎33． C 考查形容词．unhappy 不开心的；excited 激动的；sick 生病的；bored 无聊的．由Take some necessary medicine（药） with you可知此处表示的是当你生病了或遇到问题了它们可以用得上，选C．‎ ‎34． B 考查动词．wait 等待；leave 离开；return 回归；end 结束．结合语境可知此处表示如果你计划在旅行期间要多步行或攀爬，在你离开前要做几个星期或几个月的运动，选B．‎ ‎35． D 考查动词．trust 信任；throw 扔；repair 修理；prepare 准备．由文章可知这段讲的是离开前要作的准备，此处表示准备一些食物，选D．‎ ‎36． A 考查疑问短语．how long 多久；how much 多少；how heavy 多重；how many 多少．由 If you take ‎ a long trip， you should bring food such as sweets， biscuits and some fruit可知此处讲的是要考虑的第一件事就是你要带着这些食物旅行多久，选A．‎ ‎37． B 考查副词．slowly 慢慢地；quickly 快速地；quietly 安静地；sadly 伤心地．上文提到的sweets， biscuits and some fruit是不容易坏的，所以此处表示它们不会很快坏掉，选B．‎ ‎38． D 考查名词．stay 停留；test 测试；look 看；rest 休息．由If you feel tired可知此处表示在你的旅行期间要得到足够的休息，选D．‎ ‎39． A 考查介词．in 在……里；for 为了；on 在……上；to 到．in season 应季的，时令的．由not to try dirty or bad fruit可知此处表示确保要吃应季的水果，选A．‎ ‎40． C 考查名词．coffee 咖啡；juice 果汁；water 水；milk 牛奶．由tap（水龙头） water is not always safe可知此处表示所以喝瓶装水，并时刻记住这一点，选C．‎ ‎ Part 3解题原则 ‎ ‎1.上下一致。每个选择项必须从全文出发，从大处着手，避免孤立地分析每一空格，造成误选。‎ ‎2.语法正确。从语法地角度去考虑动词的时态、语态以及词类用法。‎ ‎3.逻辑合理。在完形填空题中，逻辑推理非常重要，有时每个选择项从语法上讲都正确，但是有的是不合语境逻辑的。‎ ‎4.符合搭配。英语中固定搭配很多，需要熟练掌握，才能做好此类题目。‎ ‎【例题1】 ‎ ‎ You want to run across the street to catch the bus which is leaving soon？ But（36）______ ! You'd better not．If a policeman sees you，you'll have to pay a fine（罚款）．‎ New traffic laws say that（37）______ people cross the street when the light is red，they can be fined as much as（50）______yuan．‎ Traffic accidents（38）______more than 104,000 people in China last year．Chinese cities have more cars than ever．（39）______and pedestrians（行人）must work together to make the streets safer．‎ The law has new rules for drivers and pedestrians．Drivers have to（40） ______ when they are close to crosswalks．If people are in a crosswalk，cars must stop to let them pass．There are（41）______for bus drivers，too．If bus drivers smoke，drink or make phone calls while driving，policemen will fine them．Buses that carry too many people are（42）______against（违反）the law．‎ Pedestrians will have to walk more （43） ______under the new law．They must cross streets at crosswalks．Also，they shouldn't climb over the fences（隔离栏）to cross streets．‎ If you see a hit-and-nm，tell the police． They may give you a reward． And don't be（44）______to help people to the hospital if they are hurt in an accident．Don't worry about money．The new law says that（45）______must take care of them even if they can't pay right away．‎ ‎36． A． hurry B． look C． wait D． listen ‎37． A． if B． while C． so．‎ D． though ‎38． A． did B． killed C． died D． ran ‎39． A． Parents B． Drivers C． Policemen D． Tourists ‎40． A． get off B． keep going C． speed up D． slow down ‎41． A． letters B． articles C． rules D． exercises ‎42． A． also B． sometimes C． never D． often ‎43． A． safely B． slowly C． quickly D． happily ‎44． A． happy B． afraid C． sad D． great ‎45． A． students B． teachers C． helpers D． doctors ‎【答案】CABBD CAABD ‎【解析】‎ ‎36．C．考查动词．A匆忙．B看．C等．D听．句意"你想跑过马路去赶那辆即将离开的公共汽车吗？但__，你最好不要"．可知，应该是"等待"．选C．‎ ‎37．A．考查连词．A如果．B当…时候．C所以．D虽然．句意"___人们在__灯时横穿马路，就是罚款50元．"．可知，用if引导的条件状语从句，意思是"如果"．选A．‎ ‎38． B 考查动词，A． did 做 B． killed杀害 C． died死亡 D． ran跑， 根据Traffic accidents…more than （104，000）people in China last year，可知去年在中国有104，000人死于交通事故，故选B．‎ ‎39． B 考查名词，A． Parents父母 B． Drivers驾驶员 C． Policemen警察 D． Tourists游客， 根据and pedestrians（行人）must work together to make the streets safer．结合选项，推出句意：司机和行人必须一起努力维护交通安全，故选B．‎ ‎40． D 考查短语，A． get off下车 B． keep going一直走 C． speed up加速 D． slow down 减速，根据when they are close to crosswalks，可知在人行道上，司机必须减速，故选D．‎ ‎41．C．考查名词．A信．B文章．C规则．D练习．句意"对公交车司机也有着新的___．"．根据下一句If bus drivers smoke，drink or make phone calls while driving，they can be fined．如果公共汽车司机在开车时抽烟、喝酒或打电话，他们可能会被罚款．可知，应该是"规则"，选C．‎ ‎42．A 考查副词，A． also 也B． sometimes有时 C． never从不 D． often经常， 根据Buses that carry too many people are …against（违反）the law，可知公交车司机也会违反交通规则，故选A．‎ ‎43． A 考查副词，A． safely安全地 B． slowly慢地 C． quickly快速地 D． happily 幸福地，根据Pedestrians will have to walk more …under the new law，结合选项，推出句意：在新交规下，行人在路上行走时更要注意安全，故选A．‎ ‎44． B．考查形容词．A开心的．B害怕的．C伤心的．D伟大的．句意"不要__帮助受伤的人们去医院．"．可知，应该是不要"害怕"．选B．‎ ‎45． D 考查名词，A． students学生 B． teachers老师 C． helpers助理工人 D． doctors医生， 根据 help people to the hospital if they are hurt in an accident，可知在医院，病人没钱，医生也要抢救病号，故选D．‎ 讲解用时：15分钟 难度：3 适用场景：当堂例题 例题来源：吴中区期末 年份：2017‎ ‎【练习1】 ‎ A hot dog is one of the most popular American food．It was named after Frankfurter，a German food. You may hear "hot dog"（36）_______in other ways．People sometimes（37）_______ "hot dog" to express pleasure（快乐）．For example，a friend may ask（38）_______you would like to go to the cinema．You might say，"Great．I'd love to．" Or，you could say，"（39）_______！I'd love to go．" People（40）_______ use the expression to describe someone who is a "show-off"，who tries to show everyone else how（41）_______he is．You often hear such a（n）（42） _______called a "hot dog"．He may be a basketball player，for example，who（43） the ball with one hand making a（n）（44） _______catch seem more difficult．You know he is a "hot dog" because when he makes such a catch，he bows（鞠躬） to crowd，hoping to（45）_______ their cheers．‎ ‎36．A．cooked B．eaten C．picked D．used ‎37．A．speak B．tell C．talk D．say ‎38．A．where B．how C．if D．when ‎39．A．Excuse me B．Don't worry C．Never mind D．Hot dog ‎40．A．ever B．yet C．also D．still ‎41．A．kind B．hopeful C．great D．careful ‎42．A．person B．dog C．hand D．action ‎43．A．catches B．plays C．throws D．passes ‎44．A．funny B．easy C．exciting D．good ‎45．A．lose B．win C．avoid D．explain ‎【答案】DDCDC CAABB ‎【解析】‎ ‎36． D 考查动词，结合下文可知本文讲的是 hot dog 的特殊用法，即 hot dog 被用（used）在其它方面．cook 意为"烹饪"，eat 意为"吃"，pick 意为"采摘，拾取"，均不符合文意．故正确答案为D．‎ ‎37． D 考查动词，结合下文 hot dog 可知说（say）的是内容，选 say．tell 意为"告诉，讲述"，指把一件事或一个故事讲出来，有连续诉说之意；talk 为不及物动词，意为"谈话"，多和介词搭配使用；speak 意为"讲；发言"，做及物动词时，表示说某种语言．这三项均不符合题意．故正确答案为D．‎ ‎38． C 考查副词，结合上下文，可知此处指的是你是否（if）想去看电影．where 意为"在哪儿"，how 意为"如何，怎样"，when 意为"什么时候"，均不符合文意．故正确答案为C．‎ ‎39． D 考查短语，结合上文 "hot dog" to express pleasure 可知，下文给出的例子是用 Hot dog 来代替 Great．Excuse me 意为"打扰了"，Don't worry 意为"别担心"，Never mind 意为"没关系"，均不符合题意．故正确答案为D．‎ ‎40．C 考查副词，结合下文可知，此处讲的是 hot dog 的另一种用法，即人们也（also）用这种表达来描述爱显摆的人．ever 意为"曾经"，yet 意为"然而，尚未"，still 意为"仍旧"，均不符合题意．故正确答案为C．‎ ‎41．C 考查形容词，结合上下文可知，这种人喜欢向别人显摆自己多么了不起（great）．kind 意为"善良的"，hopeful 意为"有希望的"，careful 意为"细心的，体贴的"，均不符合题意．故正确答案为C．‎ ‎42． A 考查名词，结合下文的人称代词 He 指代前句的内容可知，此空填 person．dog 意为"狗"，hand 意为"手"，action 意为"行为"，均不符合题意．故正确答案为A． ‎ ‎43．A 考查动词，结合下文 making a（n）…catch seem more difficult 可知，前一句讲的就是接球．catch the ball 为固定搭配，意为"接球"．主语为 who，指代前文中的 a basketball player，故谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式．故 catches 符合题意．play 意为"打（球）；玩"，throw 意为"扔，丢"，pass 意为"传"，均不符合题意．故正确答案为A．‎ ‎44． B 考查形容词，结合上下文可知，一个喜欢显摆的人肯定会将一个看似容易的（easy）接球弄得很困难．funny 意为"有趣的；滑稽的"，exciting 意为"兴奋的；激动的"，good 意为"好的"，均不符合题意．故正确答案为B．‎ ‎45． B 考查动词，结合上文可知，一个喜欢将容易的事情弄得复杂，从而来显摆自己的人，为的是赢取（win）他人的欢呼喝彩．lose 意为"失去；丢失"，avoid 意为"避免"，explain 意为"解释"‎ ‎，均不符合题意．故正确答案为B．‎ ‎【例题2】 ‎ March 22nd is World Water Day．It started in 1993．It not only makes us think about the importance of water，but also calls on（号召）us to（1） ______and protect water．Today，we're facing terrible water problems．Among them，wastewater problem is especially（2）______．And the subject of World Water Day in 2017 is"wastewater"．‎ What is wastewater？It is used water．Usually，wastewater comes from homes，（3）______，hospitals and so on．It is produced by different kinds of activities，including washing the machines，taking showers and using the kitchen．The rain also（4）______wastewater when it is running down the street during a storm．No matter where it comes from，this kind of water is sure to have（5）______harmful in it．‎ ‎（6）______must we treat（处理）wastewater？Wastewater has a big influence on our life．It causes both illness for us and pollution for the environment．We must care for our environment and our own（7）______．‎ How can we treat wastewater？Different kinds of wastewater need different ways of treatment．Wastewater（8）______homes can be reused．Then there will be（9）______wastewater．Also，factory wastewater has to be cleaned（10）______it goes back to nature．‎ ‎1．A．drink B．save C．carry D．watch ‎2．A．easy B．popular C．small D．serious ‎3．A．factories B．lakes C．rivers D．seas ‎4．A．gets back B．hands in C．changes into D．picks up ‎5．A．nothing B．something C．nobody D．somebody ‎6．A．What B．Who C．Why D．How ‎7．A．work B．interest C．health D．business ‎8．A．on B．for C．with D．from ‎9，A．less B．more C．better D．worse ‎10．A．and B．whether C．after D．before ‎【答案】BDACB CCDAD ‎【解析】‎ ‎1．答案：B．考查动词及语境的理解，drink喝，save节省，carry携带，watch观看，联系上文可知这里：世界节水日号召人们节约用水．故选：B．‎ ‎2．答案：D．考查形容词及语境的理解，easy容易的，popular受欢迎的，small小的，serious严肃的，严重的； 从后一句污水是2017年的主题，因此知道是严重的问题，故选D．‎ ‎3．答案：A．考查名词及语境的理解，factories工厂，lakes湖泊，rivers河流，seas海洋，从homes，hospitals知道是产生污水之地，故选：A．‎ ‎4．答案：C．考查动词短语及语境的理解，get back取回，hand in上交，change into变成，pick up捡起来，根据上文可知：废水是由各种各样的活动产生的，包括洗衣机、淋浴和使用厨房．根据下文also知道是与前面相同的是下雨也产生污水．故选：C．‎ ‎5．答案：B．考查不定代词及语境的理解，nothing什么也没有，表示否定意义；something某物，通常用于肯定句；nobody没有人，表示否定意义；somebody有人，通常用于肯定句；污水是对人有伤害的，排除A和C，it是指污水，它里面应该是物质而不是人，故选B．‎ ‎6．答案：C．考查疑问词及语境的理解，what什么，询问某物，who谁，询问人物；why为什么，询问原因；how怎样，询问方式或程度；根据后面的回答，介绍了处理废水的原因，即为什么必须进行废水处理？故选C．‎ ‎7．答案：C．考查名词及语境的理解，work工作，interest兴趣，health健康，business生意，既然污水对人体与环境有危害，那么我们就应该关心环境与身体健康，故选C．‎ ‎8．答案：D．考查介词及语境的理解，这可以根据41空前wastewater comes from homes知道答案．家中的污水进行再次使用，故选D．‎ ‎9．答案：A．考查形容词及语境的理解，less更少的，修饰不可数名词；more更多的，better更好的，worse更坏的，根据上文：家里产生的废水再次使用．由此可以推断出：将有更少的废水．故选A．‎ ‎10．答案：D．考查连词及语境的理解，and和；whether是否； after之后；before之前，结合句意：工厂在排放污水前应该进行处理清洁，以减少对环境的污染，故选D ‎【练习2】 ‎ Humans are mammals（哺乳动物）．Most mammals are born able to do many things．‎ Some can walk within a few minutes of being born．They have to be able to run away if（1）______ is near．But human babies are born（2）______．They need the care of adults to live．‎ In the first month of life，babies cannot smile or sit up．They cannot even hold up their own heads（3）______ some help from grown-ups．‎ In the next few months，babies grow a lot．They learn to roll over，support their heads，and（4）______ sit up while being held．‎ Babies also have to learn to use their（5）______．It takes months for them to learn to reach for objects．At around six months old many babies can（6） ______ an object from one hand to another．‎ Babbling is（7）______ a human baby learns to speak．Babies all seem to make similar sounds by babbling．They try to imitate （模仿） the sounds they hear from adults．It will take about nine months（8） ______ a baby can say real words．‎ Somewhere around a baby's first birthday he or she may stand or walk with help．Soon the baby will（9）______ around on his or her own!‎ The first year of a baby's life is a time of growing and（10）______．Growing sure takes a lot of work!‎ ‎1．A．food B．danger C．waste D．peace ‎ ‎2．A．careless B．harmless C．hopeless D．helpless ‎ ‎3．A．of B．for C．without D．by ‎ ‎4．A．even B．never C．ever D．still ‎ ‎5．A．legs B．heads C．eyes D．hands ‎ ‎6．A．keep B．move C．hold D．make ‎ ‎7．A．why B．how C．which D．where ‎ ‎8．A．before B．since C．after D．while ‎ ‎9．A．look B．show C．run D．sit ‎ ‎10．A．speaking B．smiling C．crying D．learning ‎【答案】BDCAD BBACD ‎【解析】‎ ‎1．B 考查名词辨析．A表示食物； B表示危险；C表示浪费；D表示和平．由They have to be able to run away可推知逃跑是在遇到危险时的动作，选B，表示如果附近有危险时．‎ ‎2．D 考查形容词辨析．A表示粗心 的；B表示无害的；C表示无望的；D表示无能的，无用的．由They need the care of adults to live可知此处表示一个人类的宝宝生下来却是无助的（此处的无助指的是不能自己走和跑），选D．‎ ‎3．C 考查介词辨析．A表示…的；B表示对于，为了；C表示没有；D表示通过．由But human babies are born helpless可知此处表示没有大人的帮助，他们甚至不能抬起头，选C．‎ ‎4．A 考查副词辨析．A表示甚至；B表示从不；C表示曾经；D表示仍然．结合语境可知此处表示他们学习翻身，支撑起自己的头，甚至是在支撑下坐立起来，选A．‎ ‎5．D 考查名词辨析．A表示腿；B表示头；C表示眼睛；D表示手．由At around six months old many babies can（21）an object from one hand to another可知此处表示婴儿也得学习使用他们的手，选D．‎ ‎6．B 考查动词辨析．A表示保持；B表示移动；C表示抓住；D表示使．由It takes months for them to learn to reach for objects可推测此处表示大约六个月时，许多婴儿可以将一个物体从一个手移到另一个手，选B．‎ ‎7．B 考查表语从句．分析句子可知空格处引导表语从句作is的表语，babbling指的是人类的婴儿学习说话的方式，要用how来引导，选B．‎ ‎8．A 考查连词辨析．A表示之前；B表示自从；C表示之后；D表示当…时．由Babies all seem to make similar sounds by babbling．They try to imitate （模仿） the sounds they hear from adults可推测此处表示在婴儿能够真正地说出话前要花上九个月的时间，选A．‎ ‎9．C 考查动词辨析．A表示看； B表示展示；C表示跑；D表示坐．由Somewhere around a baby's first birthday he or she may stand or walk with help可推测此处表示的是不久后这个婴儿会自己跑了，因为此句前描述的动作是站立和行走，之后的动作应该是跑，所以选C．‎ ‎10．D 考查动词辨析．A表示说；B表示微笑；C表示哭；D表示学习．由上文提到的They learn to roll over，support their heads…和Babies also have to learn to use their hands可知此处表示的是婴儿时期的第一年是成长和学习的一年，选D．‎ ‎【例题3】 ‎ ‎ In China，children like to make promises by hooking pinkies with each other．They say，"A pinkie promise must be（1）_____for 100years．" Then they may press their thumbs together to complete the promise．Sometimes，（2）_____will hook pinkies and promise to be together forever．‎ There are many theories（推测） on the origin of the pinkie promise． Some say it comes from a nursery rhyme．（3）_____say it was introduced from the West﹣born out of a love story where a man and a woman hooked fingers．‎ One theory is that it may have（4）_____to do with the role of fingers in Chinese culture．The Chinese character for "finger" also means "aim（旨）" （referring to people's thoughts）．So hooking fingers can be seen as the exchanging of（5）_____．‎ Therefore， the fingers play a（n）（6）_____role in making an oath（盟约）： They can not only be used to complete a promise，but also be cut for making a blood oath．When someone swears to heaven，he uses his（7）_____to point to the sky．‎ ‎（8）_____，hooking fingers means making a serious promise．In some movies，a person who breaks a promise may have his little finger cut（9）　_____! Of course， this kind of thing is not very likely to happen in real life．But we can still see（10）_____ important "pinkie promises" can be．So next time， when you hook pinkies with someone，you'd better be careful with your promise!‎ ‎1． A． recorded B． kept C． remained D． noticed ‎2． A． enemies B． cousins C． strangers D． couples ‎3． A． The other B． Another C． Others D． Other ‎4． A． something B． anything C． nothing D． everything ‎5． A． promises B． gifts C． roles D． thoughts ‎6． A． ancient B． important C． pleasant D． modern ‎7． A． head B． hand C． shoulder D． finger ‎8． A． Generally B． Suddenly C． Simply D． Luckily ‎9． A． over B． into C． off D． in ‎10． A． what B． how C． when D． whether ‎【答案】B D C A D B D A C B ‎【解析】‎ ‎1． B 考查动词，A． recorded记录 B． kept保持 C． remained 提醒D． noticed注意到 ，根据A pinkie promise must be…for 100years，推出句意：拉钩钩，一百年不准变，故选B．‎ ‎2． D 考查名词，A． enemies敌人 B． cousins 堂兄弟姊妹C． strangers陌生人 D． couples夫妇 ，根据will hook pinkies and promise to be together forever会勾起小指，并保证永远在一起．结合选项，可知是指夫妻许诺永远在一起，故选D．‎ ‎3． C 考查形容词，A． The other 其他的，特指B． Another另一；再一 C． Others 其他的，泛指D． Other 其他的，泛指，根据前文Some say it comes from a nursery rhyme，推出是句型：some…others…有的…其他 的…，故选C．‎ ‎4． A 考查代词，A． something某事 B． anything任何事 C． nothing没事 D． everything 每件事，根据have…to do with ，结合选项，考查句型have something to do with和…相关，故选A．‎ ‎5． D 考查名词，A． promises许诺 B． gifts礼物 C． roles角色 D． thoughts思想 ，根据前文（referring to people's thoughts）．指人的思想 ，推出此处是指思想的交流，故选D．‎ ‎6． B 考查形容词，A． ancient B． important C． pleasant D． modern ，根据 the fingers play a（n） …role in making an oath（盟约）：手指在盟约者起着重要的作用 ，故选B．‎ ‎7． D 查名词，A． head头 B． hand手 C． shoulder肩膀 D． finger手指 ，根据When someone swears to heaven．可知对天发誓，用手指指向天，故选D．‎ ‎8． A 考查副词，A． Generally总之 B． Suddenly突然 C． Simply简单地 D． Luckily幸运地 ，根据hooking fingers means making a serious promise钩指意味着要做出严肃的承诺，可知这是一种总结，故选A．‎ ‎9． C 考查介词，A． over超过 B． into进入 C． off脱离的 D． in在里面 ，根据a person who breaks a promise may have his little finger cut，可知违背诺言的人会被剁掉手指，cut off切掉，故选C．‎ ‎10． B 考查副词，A． what什么 B． how如何 C． when什么时间 D． whether是否 ，根据we can still see…important "pinkie promises" can be，结合选项，推出句意：我们仍能看到"小拇指承诺"是如何重要，故选B．‎ ‎【练习3】 ‎ ‎ At present，almost everyone has a mobile phone，but have you ever thought that cell phones （1）_____be bad for your health？A study shows that heavy mobile phone use may cause hearing loss．‎ This study shows that people who use cell phones for about an hour a day have a （2）_____time hearing some similar sounds，especially in their right ears．It is getting harder for （3）_____to tell the difference between the sounds of"s"and"f"，and"t"and"z"．‎ Researchers studied 100people who used cell phones and（4）_____them with 50people who did not．The ‎ study lasted for 12months．What the researchers found was that cell phone users had more hearing（5）_____than those who did not use cell phones．‎ Besides this，our ears have many little （6）_____inside them．Too much noise will cause these hairs to get weak and （7）_____ die．When these hairs die，it affects our ability to listen．‎ However，cell phone users don't care too much （8）_____this study．One man said, "I'd be more worried about people who（9）_____MP3players.They put those earphones in their ears and listen to very （10）_____music．I think that is more likely to cause hearing loss than a cell phone．"‎ ‎1．A．should B．need C．might D．must ‎2．A．busier B．happier C．harder D．shorter ‎3．A．us B．you C．it D．them ‎4．A．compared B．suggested C．showed D．taught ‎5．A．advantages B．problems C．rules D．experiences ‎6．A．noises B．pains C．hairs D．pimples ‎7．A．hardly B．actually C．clearly D．finally ‎8．A．to B．with C．about D．of ‎9．A．produce B．use C．discover D．see ‎10．A．beautiful B．soft C．loud D．light．‎ ‎【答案】CCDAB CDCBC ‎【解析】‎ ‎1．C．考查情态动词及语境的理解．A．should 应该； B．need 需要；C．might 可能；D．must 必须．根据but have you ever thought that cell phones﹣﹣be bad for your health，推测句意应该是你曾经想过手机可能 对身体有害吗？，根据生活常识，手机对身体可能有害，表推测．故选C．‎ ‎2．C．考查形容词及语境的理解．A．busier 比较忙的；B．happier 比较高兴的；C．harder 比较困难的；D．shorter 比较短的；根据上文A study shows that heavy mobile phone use may cause hearing loss．可知过多得使用手机能够使人失聪，所以经常使用手机的人们，听清一些相似的声音比较难．所以这里用harder．故选C．‎ ‎3．D．考查代词及语境的理解．根据上文 people who use cell phones 可知，对经常使用手机的人来说是比较困难的，所以这里用them来代替．故选D．‎ ‎4．A．考查动词及语境的理解．根据Researchers studied 100people who used cell phones and﹣﹣them with 50people who did not．可知句子考查了固定短语Compare…with…把…和…进行比较．故选A．‎ ‎5．B．考查名词及语境的理解．A．advantages 优点；B．problems 问题； C．rules 制度； D．experiences经验．根据What the researchers found was that cell phone users had more hearing﹣﹣than those who did not use cell phones．可知研究者发现，用手机的人比不用的人有更多的听力问题．故选B．‎ ‎6．C．考查名词及语境的理解．A．noises 噪音； B．pains 疼痛； C．hairs 细毛； D．pimples粉刺，小脓疱．根据下一句，Too much noise will cause these hairs to get weak太多的噪音能使这些细毛变得很弱，所以这里指的是hair．故选C．‎ ‎7．D．考查副词及语境的理解．A．hardly 几乎不； B．actually 实际上；C．clearly 清晰地； D．finally 最终．根据Too much noise will cause these hairs to get weak and﹣﹣die．，太多的噪音能使这些头发变得很差，最终死亡．故选D．‎ ‎8．C．考查介词的用法及语境的理解．根据However，cell phone users don't care too much﹣﹣this study．可知句子考查了短语care about 关心，在乎．故选C．‎ ‎9．B．考查动词及语境的理解．A．produce 生产；B．use 使用；C．discover 发现；D．see 看见．根据下文They put those earphones in their ears and listen to very 可知这些人应该是在使用MP3，所以这里的意思是我们担心那些使用MP3的人．故选B．‎ ‎10．C．考查固定短语及语境的理解．A．beautiful 漂亮的； B．soft 柔软的； C．loud 大声的； D．light 轻的．根据下一句I think that is more likely to cause hearing loss than a cell phone ‎，可知比手机更容易引起听力失聪，所以应该是很大声的音乐．故选C．‎ 课后作业 ‎ ‎ Happiness is for everyone. You don't need to care about（1）_______people who have beautiful houses with large gardens and swimming pools or those who have nice cars and a lot of money（2）_______so on．Why？（3）_______those who have big houses（4）_______often feel lonely and those who have cars want to walk on the country roads in their free time．‎ In fact，happiness is always around you if you put your heart（5） _______it．When you are in trouble at school，your friends（6）_______you； when you study hard at your lessons，your parents are always taking good care of your life and your health；when you （7）_______，your friends will say congratulations to you；when you do something wrong，people around you will help you to correct it．And when you do something good to（8）_______，you will feel happy，too．All these are your happiness．If you notice those things，you can see（9）_______ happiness is always around you．‎ Happiness is not the same as money．It is（10）_______feeling of your heart．When you are poor，you can also say you are very happy，because you have something else that can't be bought with money．When you meet with difficulties，you can say（11）_______that you are very happy，because you have more chances（12）_______yourself．So you cannot always say you are poor and you have bad luck．As the saying goes: life（13）_______like a revolving （旋转）door．When it closes，it also？（14）_______．If you take every chance you get，you can be a happy and lucky（15）_______．‎ ‎1．A．this B．that C．these D．those ‎2．A．or B．but C．and D．nor ‎3．A．For B．Because C．As D．So ‎4．A．can B．must C．may D．need ‎5．A．around B．for C．upon D．into ‎6．A．help B．helps C．will help D．helping ‎7．A．succeed B．successfully C．successful D．success ‎8．A．other B．others C．another D．the other ‎9．A．what B．which C．why D．that ‎10．A．a B．an C．the D．/‎ ‎11．A．loudly B．louder C．loudest D．loud ‎12．A．challenge B．to challenge C．challenging D．challenged ‎13．A．does B．be C．are D．is ‎14．A．open B．opens C．opening D．to open ‎15．A．student B．friend C．person D．people．‎ ‎【答案】DCBCD CABDA ABDBC ‎【解析】‎ ‎1．答案：D．考查代词．A这．B那．C这些．D那些．句意"你不需要关心__拥有漂亮花园和大花园的人．"．可知，修饰people人们，应该是"那些"，选D．‎ ‎2．答案：C．考查连词．A或者．B但是．C和．D也不．句意"游泳池或那些拥有好车和很多钱的人，等等．"．and so on等等，固定搭配．选C．‎ ‎3．答案：B．考查连词．A为了．B因为．C由于、像作为．D所以．句意"___那些有大房子…"．根据上一句why为什么．可知，应该是"因为"．选B．‎ ‎4．答案：C．考查情态动词．A可以．B必须．C可能．D需要．句意"有大房子的人__常常感到孤独，那些有车的人想在空闲时间在乡间小路上散步．"．可知，表示推测，应该是"可能"，选C．‎ ‎5．答案：D．考查介词．A周围．B为了．C在上面．D进入…中．句意"事实上，如果你全身心__，幸福总会在你身边．"．可知，put…into…"把…放入…里"．这里表示"全身心投入"．选D．‎ ‎6．答案：C．考查时态．A帮助，动词原形．B第三人称单数．C一般将来时态．D动名词．句意"当你在学校遇到麻烦时，你的朋友__你．"．可知，表示将来发生的事情，用一般将来时态，will help将会帮助．选C．‎ ‎7．答案：A．考查动词．A成功，动词．B成功地，副词．C成功的，形容词．D成功，名词．句意"当你成功时，你的朋友将会祝贺你．"．原句缺少谓语动词，主语you你，一般现在时态，谓语动词用原形succeed成功．选A．‎ ‎8．答案：B．考查代词．other其它的，通常加名词．others相当于other+复数名词，泛指"另外几个"，"其余的"．another（三个及以上之中）另一个．the other（两个中）另一个．句意"当你对__做好事时，你也会感到快乐．"．可知，用others．选B．‎ ‎9．答案：D．考查连词．A什么．B哪个．C为什么．D那．句意"你可以看到幸福总是围绕着你．"．这里用that引导宾语从句，没有实在意义．选D．‎ ‎10．答案：A．考查冠词．a/an泛指一个…the表示特指…句意"它是你心中的__感觉"．这里泛指一种感觉，feeling是以辅音音素/f/开头的，用a修饰．选A．‎ ‎11．答案：A．考查副词．A大声地．B更大声的．C最大声的．D大声的．句意"当你遇到困难时，你可以大声说你很快乐．"．修饰动词say说，用副词loudly大声地．选A．‎ ‎12．答案：B．考查不定式．A改变，动词原形．B不定式．C动名词．D过去式．句意"因为你有更多的机会挑战自己．"． have chances to do sth有机会做某事．可知，选B．‎ ‎13．答案：D．考查be动词．A助动词或实意动词第三人称单数．B是，原形．C是，复数．C是，单数．句意"生活就像一扇旋转门．"．be like像．固定搭配．主语life生活，不可数名词，用be动词单数is．选D．‎ ‎14．答案：B．考查动词．A打开，动词原形．B第三人称单数．C动名词．D不定式．句意"当它关闭时，它也打开．"．由closes第三人称单数．可知，一般现在时态，主语it，谓语动词用第三人称单数opens打开．选B．‎ ‎15．答案：C．考查名词．A学生．B朋友．C人．D人们．句意"如果你抓住每一个机会，你就可以成为一 个幸福和幸运的__．"．由a一个，可知，用单数person人．选C．‎