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徐州专版2020中考英语复习方案第二篇语法专题突破专题11非谓语动词课件
专题 (十一) 非谓语动词 第二篇 语法专题突破 考点一 动词不定式 1. 动词不定式的构成: to+ 动词原形 ; 否定形式为: not to+ 动词原形。 2. 动词不定式的用法 功能 用法 例句 作主语 常用 it 作形式主语 , 而将不定式后置。常用句型: It is+adj.+(of/for sb.) to do sth.; It takes sb.+ 时间段 +to do sth. To swim here alone is very dangerous.=It's very dangerous to swim here alone. 独自在这儿游泳很危险。 作表语 常位于 be 动词后 My job today is to clean the room. 我今天的工作是打扫房间。 功能 用法 例句 作宾语 一般只作某些动词的宾语 I decided to go on a trip to Dali. 我决定去大理旅游。 作宾语 补足语 在使役动词 make, let, have 和感官动词 hear, see, watch 等后面 , 省略 to Miss Li made us do Exercise One. 李老师让我们做练习一。 作定语 常放在所修饰词的后面作后置定语 Do you have anything to do? 你有要做的事吗 ? 功能 用法 例句 作状语 一般在句中作目的、结果、原因状语 I get up early every morning to catch the early bus. 我每天早晨早起是为了赶早班车。 与疑问词构成不定式短语 “疑问词 what, how, who, which, when…+to do” 在句中可作主语、表语、宾语等 She really didn't know what to do next. 她真的不知道下一步该怎么办。 3. 动词不定式考点归纳 (1) 后跟不定式作宾语或宾补的动词 ( 短语 ) : afford, begin/start, choose, decide, try, hope/wish, expect, agree, promise, happen, refuse, learn, seem, volunteer, fail, (would) like/love, want, ask, tell, allow, warn, encourage, force, invite, teach, advise, try one's best 等 (2) 在使役动词和一些感官动词后用不定式作宾补 , 这时要省略 to 。这些词有:一感 (feel) 、二听 (hear, listen to) 、三让 (let, make, have) 、四看 (observe, see, watch, notice) 。但变被动语态时 ,to 要还原。 (3) 在“ Why not+ 动词原形 ? ”“ had better (not)+ 动词原形”“ Let's+ 动词原形”这三个结构中 , 动词不定式要省略 to 。 Why not go out for a walk? 为什么不出去散步呢 ? You'd better go by bus. 你最好乘公共汽车去。 【 巧学妙记 】 后跟 to do 作宾语的动词 ( 短语 ) : ① 想要 , 拒绝 , 忘记 (want/would like, refuse, forget) ② 需要 , 努力 , 学习 (need, try, learn) ③ 喜欢 , 同意 , 帮助 (like, agree, help) ④ 希望 , 决定 , 开始 (hope/wish, decide, begin/start) 4. 既能接动词不定式又能接动词 -ing 形式的动词 (1) 既能接动词不定式又能接动词 -ing 形式作宾语 , 且意义差别不大的动词有: like, love, hate, begin, start 等。 Do you like playing/to play football? 你喜欢踢足球吗 ? (2) 既能接动词不定式又能接动词 -ing 形式作宾语 , 但意义差别很大的动词 ( 短语 ) 有: He stopped watching TV and began to read English. 他停止看电视 , 开始读英语。 He watched TV for an hour. At 8 : 00 he stopped to do his homework. 他看了一个小时的电视。八点钟他停下 ( 看电视 ) 去做作业。 (3) 在 think, find, make 等动词后通常用 it 作形式宾语 , 而把不定式移至形容词或名词后 , 构成“主语 + 动词 +it( 形式宾语 )+ 宾补 ( 形容词 / 名词 )+ 不定式 ( 真正的宾语 ) ”结构。 I found it difficult to solve the problem. 我发现解决这个问题很难。 考点二 动名词 1. 动名词的构成: 动词原形 +-ing, 与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的性质又有名词的性质。 2. 动名词的用法 功能 用法 例句 作主语 单个 动名词作主语 , 谓语动词用 单 数 形式 Playing computer games too much is bad for your eyes. 玩 太多电脑游戏对你的眼睛有害。 功能 用法 例句 作宾语 动名词 作宾语表示一般的 习惯性 行为 或经常性动作 My sister likes dancing very much. 我 妹妹非常喜欢跳舞。 动名词 作介词的宾语 I'm looking forward to going home. 我 期待回家。 作表语 多数 情况下 , 动名词作表语可 转化 为 作主语 Your task is cleaning the windows. 你 的任务是擦窗户。 作定语 位于 所修饰词之前 , 只表明所 修饰 词 的用途等 My mother bought a washing machine last Sunday. 我 妈妈上周日买了一台洗衣机。 3. 后接动名词作宾语的词及短语 (1) 常接动名词作宾语的动词有: enjoy, finish, consider, miss, keep, mind, practice, suggest, avoid, prefer, need/require/want 等。 (2) 常接动名词作宾语的短语有: be busy, feel like, give up, can't help, be used to, be worth, be afraid of, be proud of, be interested in, can't stop, keep/stop … from, look forward to, put off, have fun, have difficulty/problem/trouble (in) 等。 【 巧学妙记 】 后接动名词作宾语的动词 ( 短语 ) : ① 完成实践值得忙 (finish, practice, be worth, be busy) ② 继续习惯别放弃 (keep on, be used to, give up) ③ 考虑建议不禁想 (consider, suggest, can't help, feel like) ④ 喜欢思念要介意 (enjoy, miss, mind) 考点三 分词 1. 构成 (1) 现在分词: v. -ing 形式 , 表示动作正在发生 , 表主动意义。 (2) 过去分词: v. -ed 形式 , 表示动作已经完成 , 含有被动意义。 2. 用法 (1) 作定语 China is a developing country. America is a developed country. 中国是一个发展中国家。美国是一个发达国家。 I know the boy called Li Ming. 我认识那个叫李明的男孩。 (2) 作表语 The book is interesting. I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣。我对它感兴趣。 (3) 作宾语补足语 I saw her going upstairs. 我看见她正在上楼。 I want to have some photos taken. 我想拍几张照片。 (4) 作状语 Laughing and talking, they went into the room. 他们有说有笑地走进了房间。 对接中考专练 语法专题训练 1. [2019 · 徐州 ] It's important for us good manners. A.having B.have C.to have D.had 2. [2017 · 徐州 ] I saw Tom his key in the lock, turn it and open the door. A.put B.putting C.puts D.to put 3. [2016 · 徐州 ] David said that the glass was broken and warned me it. A.don't touch B.to not touch C.not to touch D.no touching C A C 对接中考专练 语法专题训练 4. [2015 · 徐州 ] Hong Kong Disneyland is well worth . A.to visit B.visiting C.visit D.visited 5. [2014 · 徐州 ] It was dark outside. Sue decided to the bank alone. A.not going B.going not C.not to go D.to not go 6. [2013 · 徐州 ] I'm sleepy. I prefer at home to going out for a walk. A.sleeping B.to sleep C.slept D.sleep B C A 对接中考专练 语法专题训练 7. [2018 · 徐州一模 ] The teacher did what he could me with my lessons. A.help B.helps C.helped D.to help 8. Although we have learned English for 3 years, we still have trouble the new words. A.learn B.to learn C.learning D.learnt D C 对接中考专练 语法专题训练 9. healthy, we are supposed to protect our environment. A.Keep B.To keep C.Keeping D.Kept 10. — I haven't seen my grandparents for long. I'm too busy them these days. — Why not call them instead? A.visit B.visited C.visiting D.to visit B D查看更多