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2018年中考英语知识归纳复习专题介词外研版
介词 【介词】 介词是一种虚词,表示名词、代词等与其他词的关系,不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词、代词或动名词等作它的宾语(如果是人称代词,则要用宾格),介词和它的宾语构成介词短语,在句中作状语、表语或定语等。 【时间介词】 1.at,in与on 介词 用法 示例 at 表示在具体的某一时刻。 at 10:00 a.m.在上午十点钟 表示在某个节日期间。 at the Spring Festival在春节 用于固定搭配。 at noon/night在中午/晚上 at the end of在……结尾 in 常与表示“一段时间”的时间名词搭配(如世纪、月份、季节、年份)。 in December 在十二月 in winter在冬天 in 2018 在2018年 表示泛指的上下午、晚上、白天等。 in the morning/afternoon/evening/daytime在早上/下午/晚上/白天 19 “in+一段时间”表示“在……(多久)以后”,常与一般将来时连用。 My father will come back in a week.我爸爸将于一周后回来。 用于固定搭配。 in the future在将来 on 表示在具体的某日(日期或星期几)。 on October 7th 在十月七日 on Sunday 在星期天 表示在某个特定的早上、下午、晚上。 on Monday morning 在星期一早上 表示在具体的节日当天。 on National Day在国庆节 2. from,since与for 介词 含义 用法 例句 from 从…… 起常 与to构成词组from...to...,意为“从……到……”。 He goes to work from Monday to Friday.他周一到周五去上班。 19 since 自从 …… 以来 +具体的过去时间点 常与现在 完成时连 用。 I have lived here since 2010.自从2010年我就住在这儿了。 +时间段+ago I have lived here since three years ago.自从三年前我就住在这儿了。 for 历时 …… 之久 +时间段 She has taught English for five years.她教英语已经五年了。 注:“for+时间段”也可用于其他时态中。 3.before与after 介词 含义 用法 例句 before 在……之前 +时间点 I’ll arrive in Hangzhou before 11:00 a.m.我将在上午十一点之前到达杭州。 after 在……之后 +时间点,常与一般将来时连用 She’ll come back after 5:00 p.m.她将在下午五点后回来。 19 +时间段,常与一般过去时连用 He came back from London after a week.一周后他从伦敦回来了。 4.until,during与by 介词 含义 用法 例句 until 直到……为止 用于肯定句(谓语动词为延续性动词)。 He waited until 9:00 p.m.last night.昨晚他一直等到九点钟。 直到……才 用于否定句(谓语动词为非延续性动词)。 I didn’t wake up until 10:00 a.m.我直到上午十点才醒来。 during 在……期间 +时间段,强调时间的持续性。 She lived with us during these years.这些年她和我们住在一起。 by 不迟于;在……之前。 +将来时间点,常与一般将来时连用。 It will be cool by tomorrow morning.到明天早上,天气就会转凉了 +过去时间点,常与过去完成时连用。 We had learned about 1,000 words by the end of last term.到上学期末我们已学了约1000个单词。 【考点训练1】 19 1.China successfully hosted the Belt and Road Forum _____ May,2017. ( ) A.on B.in C.by D.at 2.We usually have the first class ___ 8:00 in the morning. ( ) A.in B.on C.at D.from 3.More and more young people go skating _____ winter. ( ) A.at B.in C.on D.to 4.I’ve had this mobile phone ___ three years. ( ) A.by B.from C.for D.since 5.His grandfather has been ill ___ last year. ( ) A.for B.since C.from D.after 6.___ April 22nd,people around the world celebrate Earth Day in different ways. ( ) A.In B.At C.On D.For 【方位介词】 1.at与in 介词 用法 示例 at 表示地点时,多指较小的地方或某一点的具体位置(如学校、家等)。 at home在家 at the station在车站 in 表示地点时,多指较大的地方(如国家、城市等)。 in China在中国 in Shanghai在上海 2.in,on与to 19 介词 用法 例句 in 表示在某一地区的某方位(在该范围以内)。 China is in the east of Asia.中国在亚洲东部。 on 表示与某地的相邻关系(两地接壤)。 Hubei is on the north of Hunan.湖北在湖南的北边。 to 表示在某一地区之外的某方位(不属于该范围)。 Japan is to the east of China.日本在中国的东面。 【图解助记】 19 3.over,above,on,under与below 介词 含义 例句 over 在……正上方(垂直,两者不接触) There is a bridge over the river.河上有一座桥。 above 在……的上方(不一定垂直,两者不接触) Raise your arms above your head.把手臂举过头顶。 on 在……上面(两者接触) There is a book on the desk.桌子上有一本书。 under 在……正下方(垂直,两者不接触) My football is under the chair.我的足球在椅子下面。 below 在……的下方(不一定垂直,两者不接触) He dived below the surface of the water.他潜入了水中。 【图解助记】 19 4.其他方位介词 near 在……附近 next to 在……旁边,附近 beside 在……旁边 under 在……下面 behind 在……后面 inside 在……里面 outside 在……外面 along 沿着 across from 在……对面 【考点训练2】 1.—Where is Mary flying? 19 —She is flying to France soon.She will arrive ___ Paris on the morning of July 2. ( ) A.to B.at C.in D.on 2.I can’t see Lucy because she is ___ the tree. ( ) A.in front of B.behind C.next to D.beside 3.Russia lies ___ the north of China. ( ) A.on B.to C.in D.at 4.The workers will build a new railroad ___ the two cities. ( ) A.among B.in C.between D.at 5.—Oh,my God! I’ve left my keys in the room.I’ll have to get in ___ the window. —It’s dangerous.You’d better wait for your dad to come back. ( ) A.past B.over C.across D.through 【方式介词】 介词 用法 例句 by 表示“以……方式、方法或手段”,常与表示交通工具的名词连用。 She usually goes to school by bike.她通常骑自行车去上学。 19 with 表示“用……工具、材料、身体的某一部分或器官”。 People often eat with chopsticks in China.在中国人们通常用筷子吃饭。 in 表示“用……语言、语调、颜色等”。 What’s this in English?这个用英语怎么说? on 表示“用网络、电视、收音机、电话等”。 They talk on the phone every day.他们每天在电话上交谈。 考点训练3】 用适当的方式介词填空。 1.I learn English ___ keeping a diary ____ English. 2.Cut the orange ____ the knife. 3.My brother loves watching game shows ____ TV. 4.We can see ____ our eyes. 答案:by in with on with 【其他介词】 介词 例句 19 about 关于;对于 Could you tell me about your life?你能告诉我关于你的生活吗? from 从……;来自……;表示距离 He comes from America.他来自美国。 How far is your home from here?你家离这儿有多远? with 与……一起;附有 She often goes shopping with her mother.她经常和妈妈一起购物。 I’d like a house with a garden.我想要一个带花园的房子。 without 没有 The teacher left without saying a word.那个老师一句话没说就离开了。 of (属于)……的 Here is a photo of my family.这是我的一张全家福。 19 for 对于;为了 What would you like for breakfast?你早餐想吃什么? Let me do it for you.让我为你做这件事。 to 向;到 Do you know the way to the zoo?你知道去动物园的路吗? as 作为We have a job for you as a waiter. 我们有一份服务员的工作提供给你。 against 对抗; 反对;靠着 Our class played against Class Three and we won.我们班和三班比赛并且赢了。 I am against her opinions.我不同意她的观点。 【考点训练4】 1.A person’s life is like a road ___ lots of difficulties. ( ) A.by B.with C.along D.during 2.She often brings home many books to read ___ the library. ( ) A.from B.in C.for D.by 19 3.Wild animals are our friends.We shouldn’t kill them ___ food or clothing. ( ) A.in B.with C.about D.for 【介词短语】 介词作为虚词,不能单独使用,常与名词等构成介词短语或与动词等搭配使用。常见介词搭配类型如下: 1.介词+名词 at noon/night在中午/晚上 at home在家 at school在学校 at work在工作 at the back of在……后面at the beginning of在……开始 at the end of在……结尾 at the foot of在……脚下 at the same time同时as a result结果 by bike/bus/car/train/plane骑自行车/乘公共汽车/小汽车/火车/飞机 by the end of到……结束时 by the way顺便提一下 for example例如 in a hurry匆忙;急忙 in all总共;总计 in a low/loud voice低/大声地 in a word总而言之in bed卧床 in danger处于危险中in English用英语 in fact事实上 in hospital生病住院 in (the) front of在……前面 in need在危难中 in one’s opinion在某人看来 in order井然有序 19 in person亲自;亲身 in public当众;公开地 in silence无声地 in surprise惊奇地 in the day在白天 in the end最后 in the future在将来 in the hospital在医院 in the middle在中间 in time及时 in trouble处于困境 in turn轮流 on business出差 on fire着火 on foot步行 on duty值日;值班 on time准时;按时 on sale在出售 on show展览 on the left/right在左/右边 on the one hand,on the other hand一方面……另一方面 on the phone/on TV通过电话/电视 on the way to在去……的路上 to one’s surprise令某人吃惊的是 with the help of在……的帮助下 2.be+形容词+介词 19 be afraid of害怕 be angry with对(某人)生气 be born with天生具有 be busy with忙于…… be different from 与……不同 be excited about对……感到兴奋 be famous for因……而闻名 be fond of喜欢 be full of/be filled with充满…… be good at擅长于…… be good/bad for对……有好处/坏处 be good/nice/friendly/kind to sb.对某人友好 be good with善于应付……的;对……有办法 be harmful to对……有害 be helpful to对……有帮助 be interested in对……感兴趣 be late for迟到 be made of/from由……制成 be popular with受……欢迎 be proud of为……感到自豪/骄傲 be responsible for对……有责任 be satisfied/pleased with对……感到满意 be sorry for为……感到抱歉 be surprised at对……感到惊奇/诧异 be sure of/about确信;对……有把握 be strict with sb.对某人要求严格 19 be strict in sth.在某方面要求严格 be/get used to习惯于 be worried about担心 3.动词(+名词/副词)+介词 ask sb. for...向某人要…… arrive at/in到达 agree with sb.同意某人的意见 argue with sb.和某人争吵 care for照顾;关心 catch up with赶上 deal with处理;应付 depend on信赖;依靠 do well in在……方面做得好 drop by/in顺便拜访 fall in love with爱上 help sb.with sth.帮助某人(做)某事 hand in上交 hear of/about听说 hear from收到某人的来信 keep away from远离 keep...from阻止 keep up with跟上 knock at敲(门) knock into撞上 laugh at嘲笑 learn about了解 19 learn from向……学习 pay for付费;付出代价 pay attention to注意;关注 point at/to 指向;朝向 talk about谈论 talk to/with sb.和某人交谈 wait for等待 worry about担心 4.其他介词短语 according to根据 after all毕竟;终究 ahead of在……前面 long with随着 at first首先 at last最后 at once立刻 as for至于;关于 because of因为 in order to为了 instead of代替;而不是 such as例如 on one’s own独自;独立 thanks to幸亏;由于 together with和……一起 up to直到;多达 【考点训练5】 19 1.—My son has a hard time learning English. —I advise you to talk with him ___ person. ( ) A.on B.of C.for D.in 2._____ the No.48 bus driver,all the passengers were saved.The driver managed to stop the bus before he died. ( ) A.Thanks to B.According to C.As for D.Instead of 3.Jenny’s uncle is a scientist.She is proud ___ him. ( ) A.from B.at C.in D.of 4.When James arrived at the railway station,he tried to look ___ a place to park his car. ( ) A.after B.at C.up D.for 【考题热身】 1.(2017·云南)Many people like watching Chinese Poetry Conference(诗词大会) ____ TV. ( ) A.in B.of C.at D.on 2.(2017·临沂)A couple from Australia welcomed five healthy babies ___ January. ( ) A.at B.in C.for D.on 3.(2017·上海)Shirley is still waiting for her flight to New York City ___ the airport. ( ) A.at B.under C.on D.with 4.(2017·青岛)—Which is your new English teacher? —The young lady ___ red over there. ( ) 19 A.with B.in C.on D.for 5.(2017·广东)It’s very kind ___ you to lend me your reusable shopping bags. ( ) A.of B.for C.to D.with 6.(2017·黔东南)They arrived at the airport of Huangping ___ the morning of June 7th. ( ) A.in B.at C.by D.on 7.(2017·连云港)—I’m thirsty.I’d like a glass of orange juice.What about you,Dad? —I prefer a cup of coffee ___ nothing in it. ( ) A.with B.without C.for D.to 8.(2017·宿迁)Your gloves should be made ___ leather,for they feel soft and smooth. ( ) A.in B.on C.for D.of 9.(2017·安徽)To my pleasure,my family is always ___ me whatever I decide to do. ( ) A.above B.behind C.from D.through 10.(2017·德州)—______,there must be life on other planets though none has been discovered. —I agree with you.The universe is so large after all. ( ) A.To my surprise B.To be honest C.In my opinion D.Again and again 19查看更多