仁爱初二英语上册Review of Units 词句精讲精练

仁爱初二英语上册Review of Units 词句精讲精练

Review of Units 3-4‎ 词句精讲精练 词汇精讲 ‎1. hobby hobby作名词，意为“兴趣；爱好”。例如：‎ His hobby is fishing.‎ 他的爱好是钓鱼。‎ One of my hobbies is painting.‎ 我的业余爱好之一是画画。‎ ‎【拓展】‎ 其他表达喜好的句型：‎ enjoy sth./doing sth.‎ be keen on sth./doing sth.‎ be into sth./doing sth.‎ feel like sth./doing sth.‎ be fond of sth./doing sth.‎ be crazy about sth./doing sth.‎ be inserested in sth./doing sth.‎ ‎2. collect collect作及物动词，意为“收集，搜集”。例如：‎ collect stamps 收集邮票 collect coins 收集硬币 ‎【拓展】collection作名词，意为“收藏品、收集物”。是动词collect 的名词形式，是由动词collect后缀-tion变化来的。collector 名词，意为“收藏家”。例如：‎ These are my collections. ‎ 这些是我的收藏品。‎ My brother has a very good collection of stamps. ‎ 我的弟弟收集了许多邮票。‎ Mark is a famous stamp collector. ‎ Mark是一位著名的邮票收藏家。‎ ‎3. lend lend作及物动词，意为“借给，借出”，表示“自己”借给“他人”。常用结构有：lend sb. sth.或lend sth. to sb. 借给某人某物。例如：‎ ‎ Can you lend me your ruler? = Can you lend your ruler to me? ‎ 把你的尺子借给我好吗？‎ ‎ 【辨析】‎ lend 借出，借给 表示把东西借给他人 常用搭配：lend sb. sth.或lend sth. to sb.‎ borrow 借入，借来 表示从他人借入 常用搭配：borrow sth. from sb.‎ 例如：‎ ‎ She borrows an English dictionary from her classmate and lends a pen to her friend.‎ ‎ 她向同学借了一本字典，并把一支钢笔借给了朋友。‎ ‎4. wonder wonder作及物动词，意为“想知道；对……感到怀疑”，常见的用法有： ‎ (1) 后接who, what，why，where 等引导的宾语从句。例如：‎ I wonder who she is. 我想知道她是谁。 ‎ She wondered what the child was doing. ‎ 她感到疑惑，孩子究竟在干什么。 ‎ I wonder why Ann is late. 我想知道安为什么迟到了。 ‎ I wonder where they have gone. 我想知道他们去哪儿了。 ‎ (1) 后接 that 引导的宾语从句，表示“对……感到惊讶”，that常可省去。例如：‎ I wonder (that) she has won the race. ‎ 我对她赢了比赛感到惊讶。 ‎ (2) 后接 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句，常用来表示一种委婉的请求或疑问。例如：‎ She wondered whether you were free that morning. ‎ 她想知道你那天上午是否有空。 ‎ I wonder if he will succeed. ‎ 我不知道他会不会成功。 ‎ ‎5. agree agree作不及物动词，意为“同意”，I agree意为“同意，赞成”，I don’t agree表示“不赞成某人或某人的观点”，常用于交际用语中。另外，agree后接不定式，但不能接动名词。‎ 例如：‎ She agreed to lend me the book. 她同意把那本书借给我。‎ I agree to meet him tomorrow. 我同意明天见他。‎ ‎ 【拓展】‎ agree with和agree to(to为介词)都表示“同意，赞同”，但后面所接的宾语不同。agree with后接指人或表示意见、看法的词；agree to后接表示建议、计划、安排之类的词。例如：‎ I quite agree with you. 我很同意你（的意见）。‎ Do you agree with what I have said? 你同意我所说的话吗？‎ He has agreed to our suggestion about the holiday. 他已经同意我们度假的建议了。‎ ‎6. beat beat作及物动词，有以下用法：‎ ‎ （1）意为“赢；打败；战胜”，后接人或某一团队、组织等，其过去式为beat。例如：‎ I beat him at long jump yesterday. 昨天跳远我赢了他。‎ ‎ （2）意为“打；击”，表示连续不断的打击。例如：‎ ‎ Who is beating the drum? 谁在打鼓？‎ ‎ （3）表示“（心脏）等跳动”。例如：‎ ‎ I feel my heart is beating fast. 我觉得我的心脏在剧烈跳动。‎ ‎【拓展】‎ ‎ beat和win都有“赢”的意思，但用法不同：‎ ‎ beat的宾语为人或相当于人的团体、组织；而win的宾语为比赛或某个项目，过去式为won。例如：‎ ‎ Though we were weak, we beat them. 虽然我们弱，但我们赢了他们。‎ Who win the first prize in the competition? 谁在比赛中赢得了一等奖？‎ ‎7. share ‎（1）share用作及物动词，意为“共用；合用；分享”。例如：‎ It’s hard to share power. 权力很难分享。‎ ‎（2）share sth. with sb.意为“与某人分享某物”。例如：‎ Tony shared his chocolate with other kids.‎ 托尼把他的巧克力与其他孩子分着吃了。‎ She shares a house with two other students.‎ 她与另外两个同学合住一所房子。‎ ‎8. thousand thousand是数词，意为“千”，当表示具体的“几千”时，用“基数词 + thousand”，注意不加-s。例如：‎ ‎ There are nine thousand students in our school. 我们学校有9000名学生。‎ ‎【拓展】‎ ‎（1）thousands of 表示“数千，成千上万的”，这时thousand后要加-s，且后面有介词of，但是不能与数词连用。例如：‎ There are thousands of people in the street. 在街上有成千上万的人。‎ ‎（2）表示数词的还有hundred“百”，million“百万”，billion“十亿”。它们的用法和thousand一样，可以用来表示约数和确数。例如：‎ More than nine hundred people have died in the fighting.‎ ‎900多人在这场战斗中丧生。‎ The programme was viewed on television in millions of homes.  ‎ 无数家庭通过电视收看了这个节目。‎ ‎9. find out ‎ find out意为“找到，发现，查明”，多指通过调查、询问、打听、研究之后“弄明白”。通常含有“经过困难、曲折”之后才找出难以找到的东西。例如：‎ ‎ Please find out when the train leaves. 请查一下火车什么时候离站。‎ ‎【拓展】‎ ‎ （1）find是动词，意为“找到”，通常指找到或发现具体的东西，强调的是找的结果。‎ 例如：‎ ‎ He didn’t find his book. 他没有找到他的书。‎ ‎ （2）look for意为“寻找”，是有目的地找，强调找的动作。例如：‎ ‎ Jim is looking for his little dog. 吉姆正在找他的狗。‎ ‎10. protect protect为及物动词，意为“保护”。常用搭配protect sb./sth. from…，意为“保护某人/某物免受……伤害”。例如：‎ We should protect rare animals.‎ 我们应该保护珍稀动物。‎ Parents protect their young from danger. ‎ 父母保护他们的儿女不受伤害。‎ ‎11. look up look up 意为“（在词典或参考书中）查阅，检查”，其后跟名词作宾语，名词可放在look和up之间，也可放在look up 之后；如果代词作宾语，则只能放在look和up之间。例如：‎ Look up the word in the book, and you will know its meaning.‎ 在书中查查这个词，你就知道它的意思了。‎ Please look them up in the dictionary carefully. ‎ 请仔细在词典中查一下它们。 ‎ ‎12. pay attention to ‎ ‎ pay attention to表示“注意；留心；专心”，该短语中to是介词，后面可以接名词、代词、动名词或宾语从句。例如：‎ ‎ Don’t pay any attention to Nina— she doesn’t know what she’s talking about. ‎ 别理睬Nina——她根本不知道自己在说什么。‎ You must pay attention to the problems of spelling in your writing.‎ 你必须注意你写作中的拼写问题。‎ You should pay more attention to observing.‎ 你应该多注意观察。‎ 词汇精练 I. 根据首字母提示及汉语意思写单词。 ‎ ‎1. My h_____ is collecting stamps. ‎ ‎2. A f thing happened in the subway yesterday. ‎ ‎3. He waited for us with a letter of i . ‎ ‎4. True f is worth more than money. ‎ ‎5. I _______ (想知道) if there are some seats still available. ‎ ‎6. After a brief________ (平静), fighting broke out again. ‎ ‎7. He has run out of food, his children are h__________. ‎ ‎8. It’s our duty and responsibility to (保护) this land.‎ ‎9. The job was (完美的); there was not a single mistake. ‎ ‎10. After several years’ study he got a lot of (知识).‎ II. 用括号中所给单词适当形式填空（每空不限一词）。‎ ‎1. He is ______ (interested) in art, and music, and books, and so on. ‎ ‎2. They have a large ______ (collect) of fishes. ‎ ‎3. The local people are always very ______ (friend) towards tourists. ‎ ‎4. He hopes that his reasons may be ______ (understand).‎ ‎5. Tom, let me ______ (introduction) my friend to you. ‎ ‎6. Everything is very green and______ (peace) . ‎ ‎7. They said the ship was ________ (miss).‎ ‎8. The foreign visitors are going to travel in some________ (south) provinces of China.‎ ‎9. She asked the police ________ (search) for missing soldiers.‎ ‎10. The Chinese version of the English novel ________ (appear) in the early 1950s.‎ III. 从方框中选择恰当短语并用其适当形式填空。‎ agree with sb., wake up, be fond of, lose oneself in…, look up， ‎ less and less, in danger, die out, thousands of，in a low voice ‎1. We talked because we didn’t want to wake the baby up.‎ ‎2. The water in the lake is getting _____________. ‎ ‎3. The dam was __________ because of the rising flood.‎ ‎4. She the beauty of this early spring morning. ‎ ‎5. We can the word in the dictionary. ‎ ‎6. people ran into the stadium to watch the football match. ‎ ‎7. I’m really very swimming in summer. ‎ ‎8. I used to early and get up at 6:30. ‎ ‎9. Many whales were killed that we are afraid that they might .‎ ‎10. He gets angry when people do not him. ‎ ‎【参考答案】‎ I.根据首字母提示及汉语意思写单词。‎ ‎1. hobby 2.funny 3. introduction 4. friendship ‎ ‎5. wonder 6. peace 7.hungry 8.protect ‎ ‎9. perfect 10. knowledge II. 用括号中所给单词适当形式填空（每空不限一词）。‎ ‎1. interested 2. collection 3. friendly 4. understood. 5. introduce ‎ ‎6. peaceful 7. missing 8. southern 9. to search 10. appeared ‎ III. 从方框中选择恰当短语并用其适当形式填空。‎ ‎1. in a low voice 2. less and less 3. in danger ‎ ‎4. lost herself in 5. look up 6. Thousands of ‎ ‎7. fond of 8. wake up 9. die out ‎ ‎10. agree with 句式精讲 ‎1. Maybe I need a change.‎ maybe作副词，主要用于非正式场合，口语中常用，意为“也许，大概”。它通常放在句子的开头，在句子中作状语。例如：‎ Maybe they won’t come here tonight. 他们大概今晚不会来这儿。‎ Maybe she is happy. 也许她是幸福的。 ‎ ‎【拓展】‎ may be是“情态动词may+动词原形be”构成的，在句中做谓语，意为“可能是、大概是”。例如：‎ She may be at home. 她可能在家。（也可以说：Maybe she is at home.） ‎ You may be right. 你可能是对的。（也可以说：Maybe you are right.）‎ ‎2. I used to collect baseball cards.‎ used to do sth.是一个固定结构，意思是“过去经常做某事”，后面用动词原形，表示过去的某种经常性、习惯性的行为或者动作，并意味着这种动作目前已经不存在。‎ 肯定句：I used to play with my friends after school. ‎ 过去放学后我常常和朋友们一起玩。‎ 否定句：You didn’t use to like pop songs. =You usedn’t to like pop songs.‎ ‎ 你过去不喜欢流行歌曲。‎ 一般疑问句：Did your sister use to be quiet? = Used your sister to be quiet?‎ 你的妹妹过去常常是很安静吗？‎ there be句式：There used to be a lot of fishes in this river. ‎ 过去这条小河常常有许多鱼。‎ ‎【拓展】‎ ‎（1）be used to do something意思是“被用来做某事”，是动词短语use …to do的被动语态结构。例如：‎ Knives are used to cut things.小刀是用来切东西的。‎ ‎（2）be used to doing something意思是“习惯于做某事”，to后接动词-ing形式。例如：‎ My father is used to living in the village. 我爸爸习惯于住在村子里。‎ ‎3. But the girl was afraid to go home without selling one box of matches.‎ ‎（1）be afraid 之后可接不定式，也可接名词、代词或of doing sth. 表示“害怕做某事”或“不敢做某事”。例如：‎ She was afraid to tell you. 她害怕告诉你。‎ She is afraid of going out alone late at night. 她很怕深夜独自外出。‎ I’m afraid of the dog. 我怕狗。‎ ‎（2）但若要表示担心可能会发生某事，则只能用 be afraid of doing而不能用 be afraid to do。‎ 例如：‎ I’m afraid of being late for class. 我担心上课迟到。‎ ‎【拓展】‎ be afraid后可接that从句，表示“担心……”。例如：‎ He is afraid that his father will be unhappy. ‎ 他担心他的爸爸会不高兴。‎ ‎4. And then they felt too tired to work on Monday mornings.‎ too…to…意为“太……而不能”。它在结构形式上是肯定的，但意义上却表示否定含义，所以动词不定式符号to前不能再加not，只接动词原形即可，too后接形容词或副词原形。‎ 例如：‎ ‎ The book is too difficult to understand. 这本书难于理解。‎ ‎【拓展】‎ ‎(1 )在too…to…句型中，当动词不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后所跟的介词不能省略。‎ 例如：‎ ‎ The room is too small to live in. 这房间太小了不能住。‎ ‎ (2) 在too…to…句型中，当动词不定式的宾语实际上就是这个句子的主语时，动词不定式后面不能再加代词作宾语。‎ 例如：‎ ‎ The question is too difficult to answer. 这个问题太难了，无法回答。‎ ‎ (3) 在too…to…句型中，当动词不定式能确切说明动作执行者时，可以在动词不定式前面加上逻辑主语，即for sb.形式。例如：‎ ‎ The box is too heavy for him to carry. 箱子太沉了，他搬不动。‎ ‎ (4) 含too…to…的句子可以改写成so…that…句型，意为“如此……以至于……”。例如：‎ ‎ He is too old to do hard work. =‎ ‎ He is so old that he can’t do hard work. 他年纪太大而不能干重活。‎ ‎ (5) 含too…to…的句子也可以用“not + 形容词/副词 + enough to do sth.”句型来替换，但注意要用原句中形容词或副词的反义词。例如：‎ ‎ He is too old to do hard work. =‎ ‎ He is not young enough to do hard work. 他年纪大了，不能做重活。‎ ‎5. What are you thinking about?‎ ‎(1) think about意为“考虑；就……思考”。提问对某人或某事的看法应该用疑问词what。此时think about可与think of互换。例如：‎ Are you thinking about the question? 你在考虑那个问题吗？‎ What do you think about that man? 你认为那个人怎么样？‎ ‎(2) What do/did sb. think about/ of…? 这是询问某人对某事（人）的看法常用的句型，意为“……认为……怎么样？”，答语往往是对某物（人）的评价。例如：‎ ‎— What do you think about / of the book written by him?‎ 你认为他写的那本书怎么样？‎ ‎— It is very good. 很好。‎ ‎(3) What do you think of…?可以和How do you like…?互换。例如：‎ What do you think of the film? = How do you like the film? 你认为这部电影怎么样？‎ ‎6. But now they have less and less land to live on.‎ 本句中less是little的比较级，less and less意为“越来越少”。形容词/副词的比较级＋and＋形容词/副词的比较级，这种句型表示事物本身程度的逐渐增长，意思是“越来越......”。 ‎ 例如： 　 　longer and longer 越来越长；　 more and more beautiful 越来越漂亮。‎ ‎ Summer is coming. The weather is getting hotter and hotter. ‎ ‎ 夏天来了，天气变得越来越热了。‎ ‎【拓展】另两种表示比较的句型： （1）“The ＋形容词/副词的比较级＋主语＋谓语，the ＋形容词/副词的比较级＋主语＋谓语”。这个句型是形容词/副词比较级的叠加用法，表示一方的程度随着另一方的程度平行增长，意思是“越……，（就）越……”。例如： 　　The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you’ll make. 　　你越小心，出现的问题就越少。 （2）as+形容词/副词的原级+as...。这个句型表示同级比较，即比较的结果是一样的，在as和as的中间用形容词或副词的原级。在否定句中既可以用not as...as...，也可以用not so... as...，表示前者不如后者。例如： 　 He is as tall as my brother. 他和我的弟弟一样高。 　 It is not as/ so warm as it was yesterday. 今天不如昨天暖和。‎ ‎7. Because animals are our friends. They make us happy.‎ make + sb.+ 形容词，make是谓语动词，sb.是make的宾语，后面的形容词在此作宾语补足语。例如：‎ Rainy days make me sad. 雨天让我很悲伤。‎ What he said made the teacher angry. 他说的话让老师很生气。‎ ‎【拓展】‎ ‎（1）make +sb.+ 过去分词，此处的过去分词相当于形容词作宾补。例如：‎ Waiting for him in the rain made me annoyed. ‎ 在雨中等他让我很烦。‎ ‎（2）make + sb.+动词原形，此处的动词原形也叫省略to的不定式作宾补。例如：‎ ‎ Sad movies always make me cry. 伤感的电影经常让我哭泣。‎ Loud music makes her want to dance. 高声的音乐让她想跳舞。‎ ‎（3）be made to+动词原形，此处是make的被动语态，要还原动词不定式的to，即be made to do sth.意为“被使做某事”。例如：‎ ‎ The boss made him work for 15 hours a day.‎ ‎→He was made to work for 15 hours a day by the boss.‎ ‎ 老板使他一天工作15个小时。‎ ‎8. What did it look like?‎ look like意为“看起来像……” 应用范围最广，除了描述人、物之外，也能抽象表达事件或现象。例如：‎ He looks like a famous movie star. ‎ 他看起来像一个电影明星。‎ That bicycle looks just like the one I used to have. ‎ 那个自行车看起来像我曾经拥有的那个。‎ It looks like it’s going to rain soon. ‎ 天看起来要下雨。‎ ‎【拓展】‎ ‎（1）take after意为“像……，与……相似”。take after 最常见的是用在有血缘关系的亲子之间，外貌用的最多，也能够用在性格脾气这些内在特质上。例如：‎ She took after her mother almost in everything. ‎ 她几乎与她母亲一模一样。‎ Adam was my grandfather and I take after him. ‎ 亚当是我的祖父，我和他很相像 ‎（2）be similar to一般用在相近似的物品和情境的对比上。例如：‎ His problem is similar to yours. ‎ 他的问题和你的相似。‎ 句式精练 Ⅰ. 按要求改写句子，每空一词。 ‎ ‎1. You must eat something.（改为否定句）‎ You ______ eat ______. ‎ ‎2. He used to be a teacher.（改为一般疑问句）‎ ‎______ he ______ to be a teacher?‎ ‎3. There aren’t any treasures in the Underground Palace, ______ _______?（改为反意疑问句）‎ ‎4. You’d better ask our teacher for help.（改为否定句）‎ You’d ______ _______ ask our teacher for help. ‎ ‎5. He is going to see a film on Sunday.（对划线部分提问）‎ ‎ ______ is he going to ______ on Sunday?‎ ‎6. Why not go out and have a picnic?（改为同义句）‎ ‎ ______ ______ going out and having a picnic?‎ ‎7. It took them 40 minutes to watch TV.（改为同义句）‎ ‎ They 40 minutes ______ ______ TV. ‎ ‎8. I think he will work hard this term.（改为否定句）‎ ‎ I _______ think he _______ work hard this term. ‎ ‎9. It’s nothing serious, _______ _______ ?（改为反意疑问句）‎ ‎10. He did his homework yesterday.（改为否定句）‎ ‎ He ________ _______ his homework yesterday. ‎ II. 根据汉语提示，完成句子。‎ ‎1．我对打篮球很感兴趣。‎ ‎ I________ ________ _______ playing basketball. ‎ ‎2．我过去常收集棒球卡，但现在我喜欢养宠物。‎ ‎ I collect baseball cards, but now I enjoy keeping pets.‎ ‎3．所有宠物都给主人提供爱和安慰。‎ ‎ All pets their owners love and comfort.‎ ‎4．你能把你的自行车借给我吗? ‎ Could you your bike me?‎ ‎5. 古典音乐使他快乐。‎ Classical music .‎ ‎6. 我同意你刚才所说的话。 ‎ I what you said just now.‎ ‎7. 这个小女孩不敢回家。‎ The little girl go home. ‎ ‎8. 没有热带雨林，许多动物和植物将会灭绝。‎ Many animals and plants would without rainforests. ‎ ‎9. 让我在网上查明这个信息。‎ Let me the information online.‎ ‎10. 我们不应该花太多时间玩电脑游戏。‎ We shouldn’t computer games.‎ III. 补全对话。‎ 根据对话内容，从方框中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项（有两个选项为多余选项）。‎ A. I hope so, too.‎ B. What’s the weather like in Winter?‎ C. Is that true?‎ D. I don’t think so.‎ E. Thank you for your kindness.‎ F. Yes, it’s really a nice and bright day.‎ G. What about your hometown?‎ A: It is such a lovely day. I love sunshine.‎ B: 1 .‎ A: I hope it stays like this.‎ B: 2 .‎ A: Is the weather usually like this here?‎ B: A bit hotter than today.‎ A: 3 .‎ B: It’s pretty cold and it often snows in winter. 4 .‎ A: A lot like the weather here, not too hot or cold.‎ B: I heard it rains a lot. 5 .‎ A: Mmm, yes. It rains but not any more than other places.‎ ‎【参考答案】‎ I. 按要求完成句子，每空一词。‎ ‎1. mustn’t, anything 2. Did, use 3. are there 4. better not ‎ ‎5. What, do 6. How/ What about 7. spent, in watching ‎ ‎8. don’t, will 9. is it 10. didn’t do II. 根据汉语提示，完成句子。‎ ‎1. am interested in ‎2. used to ‎3. provide , with ‎4. lend ,to ‎5. makes him happy ‎6. agree with ‎7. was afraid to ‎ ‎8. die out ‎9. find out ‎10. spend much time playing III. 补全对话。‎ ‎1. F 2.A 3.B 4.G 5.C