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初中英语讲义初二英语时态讲解一般过去时
一般过去时 一、导入 孩子弄的大人没脾气 儿子问老公:张飞他妈姓什么? 老公:不知道。 儿子:笨,姓吴,无事生非(吴氏生飞)都不知道。 儿子再问:张飞他爸姓什么? 老公思索半天,猛拍脑门:姓惹,惹事生非! 儿子狂笑:笨死了!姓张!你不跟你爸姓呀。 二、(1)专题讲解 一般过去时 1、定义:一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态,常和表示过去的时间状语 连用;也可表示过去习惯性或经常性的动作和行为。 2、时间状语:yesterday , the day before yesterday , yesterday morning , just now , a moment ago ,two days ago , last night / year / week , before 11:00 , in the past ,at that time等 3、使用情况: (1) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 I got up at 7:00 yesterday. 我昨天7点起床。 (2) 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 He always went to work by bus last year. 去年他总是乘公交车去上班。 4.一般现在时的结构及句型变化 结构:一般现在时的结构主要有三种形式: (1)、结构一(谓语动词为be动词时) J 肯定句:主语+be(was,were)+其它. (注:am,is→was, are→were) J 否定句:主语+be+not+其它. 一般疑问句:Be+主语+其它? e.g. I was late yesterday. e.g. They were in Bei jing last year. I was not late yesterday. They weren’t in Bei jing last year. Were you late yesterday? Were they in Bei jing last year? Yes, I was. Yes, they were. No, I wasn't. No, they weren’t am和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn’t) are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren’t) (2)、结构二(谓语动词为情态动词时) (注意:情态动词 can ,may ,have to 等等。) 肯定句:主语+情态动词过去式+动词原形+其它. J 否定句:主语+情态动词过去式+not+动词原形+其它. 一般疑问句:情态动词过去式+主语+动词原形+其它? E.g. The old man could swim 30 years ago. The old man couldn’t swim 30 years ago. Could the old man swim 30 years ago? Yes, he could. No, he couldn’t. 常用情态动词过去式如下: can—could(能,会) may―might(可以) have to―had to(不得不) shall―should(将要)用于第一人称单数 will―would(将要)用于所有人称 (3)、结构三(谓语动词为实义动词时) 肯定句:主语+动词过去式+其它. J 否定句:主语+ didn’t +动词原形+其它. 一般疑问句:Did+主语+动词原形+其它? E.g. Li Ming studied English this morning. E.g. We often played tennis in the past. Li Ming didn't study English this morning. We didn't often play tennis in the past. Did Li Ming study English this morning? Did you often play tennis in the past? Yes, he did. Yes, we did. No, he didn't. No, we didn't. 注:1.谓语动词为实义动词时,变否定句和一般疑问句一律找助动词did来帮忙(过 去时不分人称和单复数,都是加did或did not) 2.前面出现了助动词,后面的动词一律用原形。 3.变一般疑问句时,一问一答的关系当中,第一人称和第二人称要相互交换。 5.一般过去时的特殊疑问句: 结构:特殊疑问词 +一般疑问句? 特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它? 特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+其它? E.g. Where were you last night? What did Jim do yesterday? Where did you walk to yesterday? How did you find the job? 6、动词的过去式 1、动词过去式的规则变化 (1)、一般词尾加-ed stay--stayed help -- helped ask -- asked look--looked watch -- watched (2)、以e结尾的只加-d hope--hoped love -- loved dance -- danced live→lived (3)、末尾三个字母以“辅+元+辅”结尾,且为重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音 字母,再加-ed Stop-- stopped plan-- planned drop -- dropped beg -- begged (4)、“辅音字母+y”尾,变y为i, 再加 -ed carry -- carried study -- studied hurry -- hurried 2、动词过去式的不规则变化 (见书后表格) 7、口诀: 动词一般过去时,表示过去发生事; be用was或用were, have,has变had; 谓语动词过去式,过去时间作标志; 一般动词加-ed,若是特殊得硬记。 否定句很简单,主语之后didn’t添; 疑问句也不难,did放在主语前; 如果谓语之前有did,谓语动词需还原; 动词若是was,were,否定就把not添。 (2)变式练习 一、写出下列动词的过去式 isam_________ fly_______ plant________ are ________ drink________ play_______ go________ make _______ does_______ _ dance_______ worry________ ask _______ taste_________ eat__________ draw________ put ______ throw______ kick_________ pass_______ do ________ 二、用be动词的适当形式填空。 1. I ______ an English teacher now. 2. She _______ happy yesterday. 3. They _______ glad to see each other last month. 4. Helen and Nancy ________ good friends. 5. The little dog _____ two years old this year. 6. Look, there ________ lots of grapes here. 7. There ________ a sign on the chair on Monday. 8. Today _____ the second of June. Yesterday ______ the first of June. It _____ Children’s Day. All the students ______ very excited. 四、巩固练习 一、句型变换。 1、There was a car in front of the house just now. 否定句:___________________________________________ 一般疑问句:_______________________________________ 肯定回答:_________________________________________ 否定回答:_________________________________________ 2 They played football on the playground. 否定句:__________________________________________ 一般疑问句:______________________________________ 肯定回答:________________________________________ 否定回答:________________________________________ 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday. 2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night. 3. We _________ to the zoo yesterday, Tom _____ to the park. (go) 4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival? 5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______. 6. Gao Shan _______ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday. 7. I __________ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother ______. 8. What _________ she _________ (find) in the garden last morning? She _________ (find) a beautiful butterfly. 9. It _________ (be) Ben’s birthday last Friday 10. We all _________ (have) a good time last night. 五、 拓展训练 一、句型转换。 1、Lucy did her homework at home.(改否定句) Lucy ________ _______ her homework at home. 2、He found some meat in the fridge(冰箱).(变一般疑问句) ________ he ________ ________ meat in the fridge? 3、She stayed there for a week.(对划线部分提问) ________ ________ ________ she _______ there? 4、There was some orange in the cup.(变一般疑问句) _______ there _______ orange in the cup? 二、单项选择: 1.My father__ill yesterday. A.isn't B.aren't C.wasn't D.weren't 2._your parents at home last week﹖ A.Is B.Was C.Are D.Were 3.The twins___in Dalian last year. They___here now. A.are; were B.were; are C.was; are D.were; was 4.___your father at work the day___yesterday (前天)﹖ A.Was; before B.Is; before C.was; are D.were; was 5.—Who was on duty last Friday﹖ —______. A.I am B.I was C.Yes, I was D.No, I wasn't 三、用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. Don’t ______ the house. Mum _______ it yesterday. (clean) 2. What ______ you ______ just now? I _______ some housework. (do) 3. They ______ (make) a kite a week ago. 4. I want to ______ apples. But my dad _______ all of them last month. (pick) 5. _____ he ______ the flowers this morning? Yes, he _____. (water) 6. She ____ (be) a pretty girl. Look, she _______ (do) Chinese dances. 7. The students often _________ (draw) some pictures in the art room. 家庭作业 一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式、过去式形式 go _______ _______ enjoy _______ _______ buy _______ _______ eat _______ _______ get _______ _______ walk _______ _______ take _______ _______ dance _______ _______ write _______ _______ run _______ _______ swim _______ _______ find _______ _______ begin _______ _______ eat _______ _______ play _______ _______ study _______ _______ 二、用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. Tom and Mary ________ (come) to China last month. 2. Mike _______________(not go) to bed until 12 o'clock last night. So he ______ (get) up late. 3. Mary ________ (read) English yesterday morning. 4. Tom ________ (begin) to learn Chinese last year. 5. My mother ____________ (not do) housework yesterday. 6. There ________ a telephone call for you just now. (be) 7. -When ______ you ________ (come) to china? --Last year. 8. _______ (be) it cold in your city yesterday? 9. How many people ______ (be) there in your class last term? 10. There _______ (be) a football match on TV yesterday evening, but I ______ (have) no time to watch it. 初中英语不规则动词表 1.AAA 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 cost[kɔst] cost[kɔst] cost[kɔst] 花费 cut[kʌt] cut[kʌt] cut[kʌt] 割,切 hurt[hə:t] hurt[hə:t] hurt[hə:t] 受伤 hit[hit] hit[hit] hit[hit] 打,撞 let[let] let[let] let[let] 让 put[put] put[put] put[put] 放下 read[ri:d] read[ri:d] read[ri:d] 读 set[set] set[set] set[set] 安排,安置 spread[spred] spread[spred] spread[spred] 展开,传播,涂 spit[spit] spit/spat[spit] spit/spat[spit] 吐痰, shut[ʃʌt] shut[ʃʌt] shut[ʃʌt] 关上, 闭起,停止营业 2.ABB 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 beat[bi:t] beat[bi:t] beaten['bi:tn] 打败 3.ABA 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 become[bi'kʌm] became[bi'keim] become[bi'kʌm] 变 come[kʌm] came[keim] come[kʌm] 来 run[rʌn] ran[ræn] run[rʌn] 跑 4.ABB (1)在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d, t或ed构成过去式或过去分词。 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 burn[bə:n] burnt[bə:nt] burnt[bə:nt] 燃烧 deal[di:l] dealt[delt] dealt[delt] 解决 dream[dri:m] dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt[dremt] 做梦 hear[hiə] heard[hə:d] heard[hə:d] 听见 hang['hæŋ] hanged/ hung[hʌŋ] hanged/ hung 绞死,悬挂 learn[lə:n] learned/learnt[lə:nt] learned/learnt[lə:nt] 学习 light['lait] lit/lighted[lit] lit/lighted[lit] 点燃, 照亮 mean[mi:n] meant[ment] meant[ment] 意思 prove[pru:v] proved proven/proved['pru:vən] 证明, 证实,试验 shine[ʃain] shone/shined shone/shined[ʃəun, ʃɔn] 使照耀,使发光 show[ʃəu] showed showed/shown['ʃəun] 展示, 给...看 smell[smel] smelled/smelt[smelt] smelled/smelt[smelt] 闻, 嗅 speed[spi:d] sped[sped]/speeded sped/speeded[sped] 加速 spell[spel] spelled/spelt[spelt] spelled/spelt[spelt] 拼写 wake[weik] waked/woke[wəuk] waked/woken['wəukən] 醒来,叫醒, 激发 (2)把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词。 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 build[bild] built[bilt] built[bilt] 建筑 lend[lend] lent[lent] lent[lent] 借给 rebuild[,ri:'bild] rebuilt[,ri:'bilt] rebuilt[,ri:'bilt] 改建, 重建 send[send] sent[sent] sent[sent] 送 spend[spend] spent[spent] spent[spent] 花费 (3)原形→ought →ought 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 bring[briŋ] brought[brɔ:t] brought[brɔ:t] 带来 buy[bai] bought[bɔ:t] bought[bɔ:t] 买 fight[fait] fought[fɔ:t] fought[fɔ:t] 打架 think[θiŋk] thought[θɔ:t] thought[θɔ:t] 思考,想 (4) 原形→aught →aught 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 catch[kætʃ] caught[kɔ:t] caught[kɔ:t] 捉,抓 teach[ti:tʃ] taught[tɔ:t] taught[tɔ:t] 教 (5)变其中一个元音字母 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 dig[diɡ] dug[dʌɡ] dug[dʌɡ] 掘(土), 挖(洞、沟等) feed[fi:d] fed[fed] fed[fed] 喂 find[faind] found found 发现,找到 get[ɡet] got[ɡɔt] got/gotten['ɡɔtən] 得到 hold[həuld] held[held] held[held] 拥有,握住,支持 lead[li:d] led[led] led[led] 引导, 带领, 领导 meet[mi:t] met[met] met[met] 遇见 sit[sit] sat[sæt] sat[sæt] 坐 shoot[ʃu:t] shot[ʃɔt] shot[ʃɔt] 射击 spit[spit] spit/spat[spæt] spit/spat[spæt] 吐痰, stick[stik] stuck[stʌk] stuck[stʌk] 插进, 刺入, 粘住, win[win] won[wʌn] won[wʌn] 赢 (6)原形→□lt/pt/ft→□lt/pt/ft 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 feel['fi:l] felt[felt] felt[felt] 感到 keep[ki:p] kept[kept] kept[kept] 保持 leave[li:v] left[left] left[left] 离开 sleep[sli:p] slept[slept] slept[slept] 睡觉 sweep[swi:p] swept[swept] swept[swept] 扫 (7)其它 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 lay[lei] laid[leid] laid[leid] 下蛋, 放置 pay[pei] paid[peid] paid[peid] 付 say[sei] said[sed] said[sed] 说 stand[stænd] stood[stud] stood[stud] 站 understand understood[,ʌndə'stænd] understood[,ʌndə'stænd] 明白 lose[lu:z] lost[lɔst, lɔ:st] lost[lɔst, lɔ:st] 失去 have[həv] had[hæd, həd, əd] had[hæd, həd, əd] 有 make[meik] made[meid] made[meid] 制造 sell[sel] sold[səuld] sold[səuld] 卖 tell[tel] told[təuld] told[təuld] 告诉 retell[,ri:'tel] retold[,ri:'təuld] retold[,ri:'təuld] 重讲,重复,复述 5.ABC(1)原形→过去式→原形+(e)n 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 blow[bləu] blew[blu:] blown 吹 drive[ draiv ] drove[drəuv] driven[drivən] 驾驶 draw[drɔ:] drew[dru:] drawn[drɔ:n] 画画 eat[i:t] ate[et,eit] eaten['i:tən] 吃 fall[fɔ:l] Fell[fel] fallen['fɔ:lən] 落下 give[ɡiv] gave[ɡeiv] given['ɡivən] 给 grow[ɡrəu] grew[ɡru:] grown[ɡrəun] 生长 forgive[fə'ɡiv] forgot[fə'ɡɔt] forgiven 原谅, 饶恕 know[nəu] knew[nju:, nu:] known 知道 mistake[mi'steik] mistook[mi'stuk] mistooken 弄错; 误解, overeat['əuvə'i:t] overate[,əuvə'reit] overeaten (使)吃过量 prove[pru:v] proved proven/proved 证明,证实, 试验 take[teik] took[tuk] taken['teikn, 'teikən] 拿 throw[θrəu] threw[θru:] thrown[θrəun, 'θrəun] 抛,扔 ride[raid] rode[rəud] ridden['ridən] 骑 see[si:] saw[sɔ:] seen[si:n] 看见 show[ʃəu] showed showed/shown['ʃəun] 展示 write[rait] wrote[rəut] written['ritən] 写 (2)原形→过去式→过去式+(e)n 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 break[breik] broke[brəuk] broken['brəukən] 打破 choose[tʃu:z] chose[tʃəuz] chosen['tʃəuzən] 选择 get[ɡet] got[ɡɔt] got/gotten['ɡɔtən] 得到 hide[haid] hid[hid] hidden['hidən] 隐藏 forget[fə'ɡet] forgot[fə'ɡɔt] forgotten[fə'ɡɔtn] 忘记 freeze[fri:z] froze[frəuz] frozen['frəuzn] 冷冻,结冰,感到严寒 speak[spi:k] spoke[spəuk] spoken['spəukən] 说 steal[sti:l] stole stolen['stəulən] 偷 (3) 变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”(过去式)和“u”(过去分词)。 [i→a →u] 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 begin[bi'ɡin] began[bi'ɡæn] begun[bi'ɡʌn] 开始 drink[driŋk] drank[dræŋk] drunk[drʌŋk] 喝 sing[siŋ] sang[sæŋ] sung[sʌŋ] 唱 sink[siŋk] sank[sæŋk] sunk[sʌŋk] 下沉, 沉没 swim[swim] swam[swæm] swum[swʌm] 游泳 ring[riŋ] rang[ræŋ] rung[rʌŋ] 打电话 (4)其它 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 be(am, is, are) was/ were been 是 bear[bεə] bore[bɔ:] born/borne[bɔ:n] 负担, 忍受 do[du:, du:] did[did] done[dʌn] 做 fly[flai] flew[flu:] flown[fləun] 飞 go[ɡəu] went[went] gone[ɡɔn] 去 lie[lai] lay[lei] lain[lein] 躺 wear[wεə] wore[wɔ:] worn[wɔ:n] 穿 查看更多