初中英语讲义初二英语时态讲解一般过去时

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初中英语讲义初二英语时态讲解一般过去时

‎ 一般过去时 ‎ 一、导入 ‎ 孩子弄的大人没脾气 ‎ 儿子问老公:张飞他妈姓什么? ‎ ‎ 老公:不知道。 ‎ ‎ 儿子:笨,姓吴,无事生非(吴氏生飞)都不知道。 ‎ ‎ 儿子再问:张飞他爸姓什么? ‎ ‎ 老公思索半天,猛拍脑门:姓惹,惹事生非! ‎ ‎ 儿子狂笑:笨死了!姓张!你不跟你爸姓呀。 ‎ 二、(1)专题讲解 ‎ ‎ 一般过去时 ‎ ‎ 1、定义:一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态,常和表示过去的时间状语 ‎ 连用;也可表示过去习惯性或经常性的动作和行为。‎ ‎ 2、时间状语:yesterday , the day before yesterday , yesterday morning , just now , a moment ‎ ago ,two days ago , last night / year / week , before 11:00 , in the past ,at that ‎ time等 ‎ ‎ 3、使用情况:‎ ‎ (1) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 ‎ ‎ I got up at 7:00 yesterday. 我昨天7点起床。‎ ‎ (2) 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。‎ ‎ He always went to work by bus last year. 去年他总是乘公交车去上班。‎ ‎ 4.一般现在时的结构及句型变化 ‎ 结构:一般现在时的结构主要有三种形式:‎ ‎ (1)、结构一(谓语动词为be动词时)‎ ‎ J 肯定句:主语+be(was,were)+其它. (注:am,is→was, are→were)‎ J 否定句:主语+be+not+其它.‎ ‎ 一般疑问句:Be+主语+其它? ‎ ‎ e.g. I was late yesterday. e.g. They were in Bei jing last year. ‎ ‎ I was not late yesterday. They weren’t in Bei jing last year. ‎ ‎ Were you late yesterday? Were they in Bei jing last year?‎ ‎ Yes, I was. Yes, they were. ‎ ‎ No, I wasn't. No, they weren’t ‎ am和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn’t)‎ ‎ are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren’t)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ (2)、结构二(谓语动词为情态动词时) ‎ ‎ (注意:情态动词 can ,may ,have to 等等。)‎ ‎ 肯定句:主语+情态动词过去式+动词原形+其它.‎ J 否定句:主语+情态动词过去式+not+动词原形+其它.‎ ‎ 一般疑问句:情态动词过去式+主语+动词原形+其它?‎ ‎ E.g. The old man could swim 30 years ago. ‎ ‎ The old man couldn’t swim 30 years ago. ‎ ‎ Could the old man swim 30 years ago? ‎ ‎ Yes, he could. ‎ ‎ No, he couldn’t. ‎ ‎ 常用情态动词过去式如下: ‎ ‎ can—could(能,会) ‎ ‎ may―might(可以)‎ ‎ have to―had to(不得不) ‎ ‎ shall―should(将要)用于第一人称单数 ‎ ‎ will―would(将要)用于所有人称 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ (3)、结构三(谓语动词为实义动词时) ‎ ‎ 肯定句:主语+动词过去式+其它.‎ J 否定句:主语+ didn’t +动词原形+其它. ‎ ‎ 一般疑问句:Did+主语+动词原形+其它? ‎ ‎ ‎ E.g. Li Ming studied English this morning. E.g. We often played tennis in the past.‎ ‎ Li Ming didn't study English this morning. We didn't often play tennis in the past. ‎ ‎ Did Li Ming study English this morning? Did you often play tennis in the past? ‎ ‎ Yes, he did. Yes, we did. ‎ ‎ No, he didn't. No, we didn't. ‎ ‎ 注:1.谓语动词为实义动词时,变否定句和一般疑问句一律找助动词did来帮忙(过 ‎ 去时不分人称和单复数,都是加did或did not)‎ ‎ 2.前面出现了助动词,后面的动词一律用原形。 ‎ ‎ 3.变一般疑问句时,一问一答的关系当中,第一人称和第二人称要相互交换。 ‎ ‎ 5.一般过去时的特殊疑问句:‎ ‎ 结构:特殊疑问词 +一般疑问句?‎ ‎ 特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它?‎ ‎ 特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+其它?‎ ‎ E.g. Where were you last night? ‎ ‎ What did Jim do yesterday? ‎ ‎ Where did you walk to yesterday? ‎ ‎ How did you find the job? ‎ ‎ 6、动词的过去式 ‎ 1、动词过去式的规则变化 ‎ (1)、一般词尾加-ed ‎ ‎ stay--stayed help -- helped ‎ ask -- asked look--looked watch -- watched ‎ (2)、以e结尾的只加-d ‎ ‎ hope--hoped love -- loved ‎ dance -- danced live→lived ‎ ‎ (3)、末尾三个字母以“辅+元+辅”结尾,且为重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音 ‎ 字母,再加-ed ‎ ‎ Stop-- stopped plan-- planned ‎ drop -- dropped beg -- begged ‎ (4)、“辅音字母+y”尾,变y为i, 再加 -ed ‎ ‎ carry -- carried study -- studied hurry -- hurried ‎ ‎ 2、动词过去式的不规则变化 ‎ (见书后表格)‎ ‎ 7、口诀:‎ ‎ 动词一般过去时,表示过去发生事;‎ ‎ be用was或用were, have,has变had;‎ ‎ 谓语动词过去式,过去时间作标志;‎ ‎ 一般动词加-ed,若是特殊得硬记。‎ ‎ 否定句很简单,主语之后didn’t添;‎ ‎ 疑问句也不难,did放在主语前;‎ ‎ 如果谓语之前有did,谓语动词需还原;‎ ‎ 动词若是was,were,否定就把not添。‎ ‎(2)变式练习 ‎ ‎ 一、写出下列动词的过去式 ‎ isam_________  fly_______  plant________  are ________   drink________‎ ‎ play_______     go________   make _______ does_______ _   dance_______‎ ‎ worry________   ask _______     taste_________ eat__________ draw________‎ ‎ put ______     throw______ kick_________  pass_______    do ________‎ ‎ 二、用be动词的适当形式填空。 ‎ ‎ 1. I ______ an English teacher now. ‎ ‎ 2. She _______ happy yesterday. ‎ ‎ 3. They _______ glad to see each other last month.‎ ‎ 4. Helen and Nancy ________ good friends.‎ ‎ 5. The little dog _____ two years old this year.‎ ‎ 6. Look, there ________ lots of grapes here.‎ ‎ 7. There ________ a sign on the chair on Monday.‎ ‎ 8. Today _____ the second of June. Yesterday ______ the first of June. It _____ Children’s Day. ‎ ‎ All the students ______ very excited.‎ 四、巩固练习 ‎ 一、句型变换。‎ ‎ 1、There was a car in front of the house just now.‎ ‎ 否定句:___________________________________________‎ ‎ 一般疑问句:_______________________________________‎ ‎ 肯定回答:_________________________________________‎ ‎ 否定回答:_________________________________________‎ ‎ 2 They played football on the playground.‎ ‎ 否定句:__________________________________________‎ ‎ 一般疑问句:______________________________________ ‎ ‎ 肯定回答:________________________________________‎ ‎ 否定回答:________________________________________‎ 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空。‎ ‎ 1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.‎ ‎ 2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.‎ ‎ 3. We _________ to the zoo yesterday, Tom _____ to the park. (go)‎ ‎ 4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?‎ ‎ 5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______.‎ ‎ 6. Gao Shan _______ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.‎ ‎ 7. I __________ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother ______.‎ ‎ 8. What _________ she _________ (find) in the garden last morning? ‎ ‎ She _________ (find) a beautiful butterfly.‎ ‎ 9. It _________ (be) Ben’s birthday last Friday ‎ ‎ 10. We all _________ (have) a good time last night. ‎ 五、 ‎ 拓展训练 ‎ ‎ 一、句型转换。‎ ‎ 1、Lucy did her homework at home.(改否定句)‎ ‎ Lucy ________ _______ her homework at home.‎ ‎ 2、He found some meat in the fridge(冰箱).(变一般疑问句)‎ ‎ ________ he ________ ________ meat in the fridge?‎ ‎ 3、She stayed there for a week.(对划线部分提问)‎ ‎ ________ ________ ________ she _______ there?‎ ‎ 4、There was some orange in the cup.(变一般疑问句)‎ ‎ _______ there _______ orange in the cup? ‎ ‎ 二、单项选择: ‎ ‎ 1.My father__ill yesterday.‎ ‎ A.isn't B.aren't C.wasn't D.weren't ‎ 2._your parents at home last week﹖‎ ‎ A.Is B.Was C.Are D.Were ‎ 3.The twins___in Dalian last year. They___here now.‎ ‎ A.are; were B.were; are C.was; are D.were; was ‎ 4.___your father at work the day___yesterday (前天)﹖‎ ‎ A.Was; before B.Is; before C.was; are D.were; was ‎ 5.—Who was on duty last Friday﹖‎ ‎ —______.‎ ‎ A.I am B.I was C.Yes, I was D.No, I wasn't ‎ ‎ 三、用所给动词的适当形式填空。‎ ‎ 1. Don’t ______ the house. Mum _______ it yesterday. (clean)‎ ‎ 2. What ______ you ______ just now? I _______ some housework. (do)‎ ‎ 3. They ______ (make) a kite a week ago.‎ ‎ 4. I want to ______ apples. But my dad _______ all of them last month. (pick)‎ ‎ 5. _____ he ______ the flowers this morning? Yes, he _____. (water)‎ ‎ 6. She ____ (be) a pretty girl. Look, she _______ (do) Chinese dances.‎ ‎ 7. The students often _________ (draw) some pictures in the art room.‎ ‎ 家庭作业 ‎ 一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式、过去式形式 ‎   go _______ _______ enjoy _______ _______‎ ‎   buy _______ _______ eat _______ _______‎ ‎   get _______ _______ walk _______ _______‎ ‎   take _______ _______ dance _______ _______‎ ‎   write _______ _______ run _______ _______‎ ‎   swim _______ _______ find _______ _______‎ ‎   begin _______ _______ eat _______ _______‎ ‎   play _______ _______ study _______ _______‎ ‎ 二、用所给词的适当形式填空。‎ ‎  1. Tom and Mary ________ (come) to China last month.‎ ‎  2. Mike _______________(not go) to bed until 12 o'clock last night.‎ ‎   So he ______ (get) up late.‎ ‎  3. Mary ________ (read) English yesterday morning. ‎ ‎  4. Tom ________ (begin) to learn Chinese last year.‎ ‎  5. My mother ____________ (not do) housework yesterday.‎ ‎  6. There ________ a telephone call for you just now. (be)‎ ‎  7. -When ______ you ________ (come) to china? --Last year.‎ ‎  8. _______ (be) it cold in your city yesterday?‎ ‎  9. How many people ______ (be) there in your class last term?‎ ‎ 10. There _______ (be) a football match on TV yesterday evening, but I ______ (have) no time ‎ to watch it.‎ ‎ 初中英语不规则动词表 ‎1.AAA 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 cost[kɔst]‎ cost[kɔst]‎ cost[kɔst]‎ 花费 cut[kʌt]‎ cut[kʌt]‎ cut[kʌt]‎ 割,切 hurt[hə:t]‎ hurt[hə:t]‎ hurt[hə:t]‎ 受伤 hit[hit]‎ hit[hit]‎ hit[hit]‎ 打,撞 let[let]‎ let[let]‎ let[let]‎ 让 put[put]‎ put[put]‎ put[put]‎ 放下 read[ri:d]‎ read[ri:d]‎ read[ri:d]‎ 读 set[set]‎ set[set]‎ set[set]‎ 安排,安置 spread[spred]‎ spread[spred]‎ spread[spred]‎ 展开,传播,涂 spit[spit]‎ spit/spat[spit]‎ spit/spat[spit]‎ 吐痰,‎ shut[ʃʌt]‎ shut[ʃʌt]‎ shut[ʃʌt]‎ 关上, 闭起,停止营业 ‎2.ABB 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 ‎ beat[bi:t] beat[bi:t] beaten['bi:tn] 打败 ‎3.ABA 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 become[bi'kʌm]‎ became[bi'keim]‎ become[bi'kʌm]‎ 变 come[kʌm]‎ came[keim]‎ come[kʌm]‎ 来 run[rʌn]‎ ran[ræn]‎ run[rʌn]‎ 跑 ‎4.ABB ‎(1)在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d, t或ed构成过去式或过去分词。 ‎ 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 burn[bə:n]‎ burnt[bə:nt]‎ burnt[bə:nt]‎ 燃烧 deal[di:l]‎ dealt[delt]‎ dealt[delt]‎ 解决 dream[dri:m]‎ dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt[dremt]‎ 做梦 hear[hiə]‎ heard[hə:d]‎ heard[hə:d]‎ 听见 hang['hæŋ]‎ hanged/ hung[hʌŋ]‎ hanged/ hung 绞死,悬挂 learn[lə:n]‎ learned/learnt[lə:nt]‎ learned/learnt[lə:nt]‎ 学习 light['lait]‎ lit/lighted[lit]‎ lit/lighted[lit]‎ 点燃, 照亮 mean[mi:n]‎ meant[ment]‎ meant[ment]‎ 意思 prove[pru:v]‎ proved proven/proved['pru:vən]‎ 证明, 证实,试验 shine[ʃain]‎ shone/shined shone/shined[ʃəun, ʃɔn]‎ 使照耀,使发光 show[ʃəu]‎ showed showed/shown['ʃəun]‎ 展示, 给...看 smell[smel]‎ smelled/smelt[smelt]‎ smelled/smelt[smelt]‎ 闻, 嗅 speed[spi:d]‎ sped[sped]/speeded sped/speeded[sped]‎ 加速 spell[spel]‎ spelled/spelt[spelt]‎ spelled/spelt[spelt]‎ 拼写 wake[weik]‎ waked/woke[wəuk]‎ waked/woken['wəukən]‎ 醒来,叫醒, 激发 ‎(2)把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词。 ‎ 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 build[bild]‎ built[bilt]‎ built[bilt]‎ 建筑 lend[lend]‎ lent[lent]‎ lent[lent]‎ 借给 rebuild[,ri:'bild]‎ rebuilt[,ri:'bilt]‎ rebuilt[,ri:'bilt]‎ 改建, 重建 send[send]‎ sent[sent]‎ sent[sent]‎ 送 spend[spend]‎ spent[spent]‎ spent[spent]‎ 花费 ‎(3)原形→ought →ought ‎ 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 bring[briŋ]‎ brought[brɔ:t]‎ brought[brɔ:t]‎ 带来 buy[bai]‎ bought[bɔ:t]‎ bought[bɔ:t]‎ 买 fight[fait]‎ fought[fɔ:t]‎ fought[fɔ:t]‎ 打架 think[θiŋk]‎ thought[θɔ:t]‎ thought[θɔ:t]‎ 思考,想 ‎ (4) 原形→aught →aught 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 catch[kætʃ]‎ caught[kɔ:t]‎ caught[kɔ:t]‎ 捉,抓 teach[ti:tʃ]‎ taught[tɔ:t]‎ taught[tɔ:t]‎ 教 ‎(5)变其中一个元音字母 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 dig[diɡ]‎ dug[dʌɡ]‎ dug[dʌɡ]‎ 掘(土), 挖(洞、沟等)‎ feed[fi:d]‎ fed[fed]‎ fed[fed]‎ 喂 find[faind]‎ found found 发现,找到 get[ɡet]‎ got[ɡɔt]‎ got/gotten['ɡɔtən]‎ 得到 hold[həuld]‎ held[held]‎ held[held]‎ 拥有,握住,支持 lead[li:d]‎ led[led]‎ led[led]‎ 引导, 带领, 领导 meet[mi:t]‎ met[met]‎ met[met]‎ 遇见 sit[sit]‎ sat[sæt]‎ sat[sæt]‎ 坐 shoot[ʃu:t]‎ shot[ʃɔt]‎ shot[ʃɔt]‎ 射击 spit[spit]‎ spit/spat[spæt]‎ spit/spat[spæt]‎ 吐痰,‎ stick[stik]‎ stuck[stʌk]‎ stuck[stʌk]‎ 插进, 刺入, 粘住,‎ win[win]‎ won[wʌn]‎ won[wʌn]‎ 赢 ‎(6)原形→□lt/pt/ft→□lt/pt/ft 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 feel['fi:l]‎ felt[felt]‎ felt[felt]‎ 感到 keep[ki:p]‎ kept[kept]‎ kept[kept]‎ 保持 leave[li:v]‎ left[left]‎ left[left]‎ 离开 sleep[sli:p]‎ slept[slept]‎ slept[slept]‎ 睡觉 sweep[swi:p]‎ swept[swept]‎ swept[swept]‎ 扫 ‎(7)其它 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 lay[lei]‎ laid[leid]‎ laid[leid]‎ 下蛋, 放置 pay[pei]‎ paid[peid]‎ paid[peid]‎ 付 say[sei]‎ said[sed]‎ said[sed]‎ 说 stand[stænd]‎ stood[stud]‎ stood[stud]‎ 站 understand understood[,ʌndə'stænd]‎ understood[,ʌndə'stænd]‎ 明白 lose[lu:z]‎ lost[lɔst, lɔ:st]‎ lost[lɔst, lɔ:st]‎ 失去 have[həv]‎ had[hæd, həd, əd]‎ had[hæd, həd, əd]‎ 有 make[meik]‎ made[meid]‎ made[meid]‎ 制造 sell[sel]‎ sold[səuld]‎ sold[səuld]‎ 卖 tell[tel]‎ told[təuld]‎ told[təuld]‎ 告诉 retell[,ri:'tel]‎ retold[,ri:'təuld]‎ retold[,ri:'təuld]‎ 重讲,重复,复述 ‎5.ABC(1)原形→过去式→原形+(e)n 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 blow[bləu]‎ blew[blu:]‎ blown 吹 drive[ draiv ]‎ drove[drəuv]‎ driven[drivən]‎ 驾驶 draw[drɔ:]‎ drew[dru:]‎ drawn[drɔ:n]‎ 画画 eat[i:t]‎ ate[et,eit]‎ eaten['i:tən]‎ 吃 fall[fɔ:l]‎ Fell[fel]‎ fallen['fɔ:lən]‎ 落下 give[ɡiv]‎ gave[ɡeiv]‎ given['ɡivən]‎ 给 grow[ɡrəu]‎ grew[ɡru:]‎ grown[ɡrəun]‎ 生长 forgive[fə'ɡiv]‎ forgot[fə'ɡɔt]‎ forgiven 原谅, 饶恕 know[nəu]‎ knew[nju:, nu:]‎ known 知道 mistake[mi'steik]‎ mistook[mi'stuk]‎ mistooken 弄错; 误解,‎ overeat['əuvə'i:t]‎ overate[,əuvə'reit]‎ overeaten ‎(使)吃过量 prove[pru:v]‎ proved proven/proved 证明,证实, 试验 take[teik]‎ took[tuk]‎ taken['teikn, 'teikən]‎ 拿 throw[θrəu]‎ threw[θru:]‎ thrown[θrəun, 'θrəun]‎ 抛,扔 ride[raid]‎ rode[rəud]‎ ridden['ridən]‎ 骑 see[si:]‎ saw[sɔ:]‎ seen[si:n]‎ 看见 show[ʃəu]‎ showed showed/shown['ʃəun]‎ 展示 write[rait]‎ wrote[rəut]‎ written['ritən]‎ 写 ‎(2)原形→过去式→过去式+(e)n 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 break[breik]‎ broke[brəuk]‎ broken['brəukən]‎ 打破 choose[tʃu:z]‎ chose[tʃəuz]‎ chosen['tʃəuzən]‎ 选择 get[ɡet]‎ got[ɡɔt]‎ got/gotten['ɡɔtən]‎ 得到 hide[haid]‎ hid[hid]‎ hidden['hidən]‎ 隐藏 forget[fə'ɡet]‎ forgot[fə'ɡɔt]‎ forgotten[fə'ɡɔtn]‎ 忘记 freeze[fri:z]‎ froze[frəuz]‎ frozen['frəuzn]‎ 冷冻,结冰,感到严寒 speak[spi:k]‎ spoke[spəuk]‎ spoken['spəukən]‎ 说 steal[sti:l]‎ stole stolen['stəulən]‎ 偷 ‎(3) 变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”(过去式)和“u”(过去分词)。‎ ‎[i→a →u] ‎ 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 begin[bi'ɡin]‎ began[bi'ɡæn]‎ begun[bi'ɡʌn]‎ 开始 drink[driŋk]‎ drank[dræŋk]‎ drunk[drʌŋk]‎ 喝 sing[siŋ]‎ sang[sæŋ]‎ sung[sʌŋ]‎ 唱 sink[siŋk]‎ sank[sæŋk]‎ sunk[sʌŋk]‎ 下沉, 沉没 swim[swim]‎ swam[swæm]‎ swum[swʌm]‎ 游泳 ring[riŋ]‎ rang[ræŋ]‎ rung[rʌŋ]‎ 打电话 ‎(4)其它 ‎ 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 be(am, is, are)‎ was/ were been 是 bear[bεə]‎ bore[bɔ:]‎ born/borne[bɔ:n]‎ 负担, 忍受 do[du:, du:]‎ did[did]‎ done[dʌn]‎ 做 fly[flai]‎ flew[flu:]‎ flown[fləun]‎ 飞 go[ɡəu]‎ went[went]‎ gone[ɡɔn]‎ 去 lie[lai]‎ lay[lei]‎ lain[lein]‎ 躺 wear[wεə]‎ wore[wɔ:]‎ worn[wɔ:n]‎ 穿 ‎ ‎
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