初一下学期英语笔记

初一下学期英语笔记

‎ 作文范文 ‎ My favourite movie star is Zhou xingchi.His English name is Stephen Chow.His birthday is in June 22nd.He is 33 years old now.He is from China.He lives in Hong Kong.He can speak Chinese and a little English.His favourite color is green.He likes swimming very much.His hobby is singing.He often sings songs with friends on weekends.But he can’t sing well.He has a brother and 3 sisters is his family.‎ ‎ I like comedies and I like him very much.My favourite movie is Kung Fu.I think it is interesting.I think Stephen Chow is a successful actor.‎ ‎ Unit 1‎ ‎1. be from=come from 来自（有be动词不用come）‎ ‎ e.g. I am from Dongguan=I come from Dongguan.‎ ‎ Where are you from=Where do you come from?‎ ‎2. 某过人的复数变化口诀：中日不变，英法变，其余s加后面。‎ ‎3. 国籍nationality 要用国家的形容词形式来回答。‎ ‎4. 英语中小单位在前，大单位在后。 Beijing，China Class 2，Grade 1‎ ‎5. in：一段时间 on：具体某一天 at：多少点 ‎6. speak：+语言 ‎ say：+说话内容 ‎ tell：+故事，笑话 ‎ talk：talk about sth talk with/to sb 谈论 ‎7. a little：一点 +不可数名词 ‎ little：几乎没有 +不可数名词 a few：几个 +可数名词 ‎ few：几乎没有 +可数名词 ‎8. like doing sth=like to do sth 喜欢做某事 ‎ Would like to do sth 愿意做某事 ‎9. write to sb=write a letter to sb 写信给某人 ‎ e.g. He often writes to his pen pals.‎ ‎10. tell sb about…　　告诉某人有关…‎ ‎ tell sb to do sth 叫某人做某事 ‎ e.g. Please tell them to come in.‎ ‎ 重点短语 ‎①be from=come from 来自 ②讲日语和法语 speak Japanese and French ‎③a little 一点点 ④喜欢做某事 like doing sth=like to do sth ‎⑤go to the movies with friends 和朋友去看电影 ‎⑥too difficult 太难了 ⑦write to me soon 尽快写信给我 ‎⑧在周末 on weekends ⑨tell me about yourself 告诉我关于你自己的事 ‎⑩tell sb to do sth 告诉某人要做某事 ‎⑪Where is your pen pal from? She is from Australia. 你的笔友来自哪里？他来自澳大利亚。‎ ‎⑫Where does Tom’s friend live？He lives in Tokey，Japan.‎ ‎ Tom的笔友住在哪里？ 他住在日本，东京。‎ ‎⑬What language does Mr Green speak？He speaks English and Chinese. 格林先生讲什么语言？ 他讲英语和中文。‎ ‎⑭I like going to the movies with friends and playing sports.‎ ‎ 我喜欢和朋友去看电影和做运动。‎ ‎⑮My favourite subject is music，because it’s fun..‎ ‎ 我最喜欢的科目是音乐，因为它很有趣。‎ ‎ Unit 2‎ ‎1. There be 句型 ‎（1）就近原则：be动词应该跟最近的主语保持一致。‎ ‎（2）一般疑问句把be动词放在句首，回答用there。‎ ‎（3）否定句在be动词后面加not。‎ ‎（4）There be 强调“某地方存在某事物”‎ ‎ have/has 强调“主语拥有某事物”‎ ‎2.方位介词：‎ ‎ across from=on the other side of 在…对面 ‎ between A and B 在…和…之间 ‎ in front of 在…前面 ‎ in the front of 在…前半部分 ‎ My pen pal I have a pen pal.His name is Tom King.His first name is Tom.His last name is King .He is 14 years old.And he is from Australia.He speaks English.He has a brother and a sister.His favourite sport is soccer.He often plays soccer with friends on weekends.He likes music at schools.It’s fun.His favourite movie is The Long Weekend.It’s an action movie.He often writes to me and tell me about him self.‎ ‎3. Let sb do sth=make sb do sth 让/使某人做某事。‎ ‎ e.g. Let him come in.‎ ‎4. (on)the way to (在)去…的路上 ‎ e.g. on the way to school ‎ on the way home ‎5. arrive in 到达（大地点）（如城市，国家）‎ ‎ arrive at 到达（小地点）（如车站，学校，医院）‎ ‎ get to 到达 ‎ reach+地点 到达 ‎*arrive还可以单独使用：arrive和get后面如果跟地点副词，要省略介词。reach后面一定要跟地点，不能单独使用。‎ ‎6. across：横穿街道、河流、桥梁等，强调在物品面前越过。‎ cross：v.=go cross/walk a cross through：穿过森林，公园、窗户、门等，强调在物体内部空间通过。‎ over：在物体上方横跨。‎ ‎7. enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事，享受做某事。‎ ‎ e.g. I enjoy reading books on rainy days.‎ ‎8. with：（1）和…一起 （2）具有，带有。（3）用某种工具或方式。‎ 都是表示伴随状态。（不做主语）‎ ‎9. at the beginning of=at the start of 在…的开头。‎ ‎10. “to+动词原形”称为不定式结构、可以放在名词后面做宾语，起修饰作用。‎ ‎ e.g. I have lots of homework to do ‎ a good place to have fun ‎11. 问路方法：‎ ‎（1）Excuse me 开头 ‎（2）Where is the…？/Is there a…near hear？/Can you tell me the way to the…？‎ How can I get to the…? Could you tell me how I can get to the…?‎ ‎（3）Thank you all the same 同样要感谢你 ‎13. have fun 玩得开心=have a good time=enjoy+反身代词 ‎ 重点短语 ‎（1）go straight 直走 （2）go down 沿着…走下去 ‎（3）turn left/right 向左/右 （4）on the left/right 在左边/右边 ‎（5）in the neighborhood=near here 在附近 ‎（6）Let sb do sth 让某人做某事 （7）on the way to 在…的路上 ‎（8）walk through the park 穿越公园 ‎（9）walk across the street 横过马路 ‎（10）across from 在…对面 （11）between…and… 在…和…之间 ‎（12）take a taxi 做的士 （13）take a walk 散步 ‎（14）have a good trip 旅途愉快 （15）arrive in/at=get to 到达 ‎（16）enjoy doing sth 享受/喜欢做某事 ‎（17）have fun/have a good time/enjoy oneself 玩得开心 ‎（18）a good place to have fun ‎（19）at the beginning of 在开头 ‎（20）a busy street 一条繁忙的街道 ‎（21）an old hotel 一间旧旅馆 ‎（22）keep quiet 保持安静 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Unit 3‎ ‎1. Let’s do sth=Let us do sth 让我们做某事 Let sb do sth 让某人做某事 e.g. Let’s go to school. Let him come in.‎ ‎2. kind ‎（1）种类：a kind of 一种…‎ ‎ this kind of 这种…‎ ‎ many kinds of 许多种…‎ ‎ all kinds of 各种各样…‎ ‎（2）kind of=a little 有一点，有几分。‎ ‎3. friendly：adj. 友好的 be friendly to sb 对某人友好 ‎ unfriendly：不友好的 ‎ e.g. Chinese people arefriendly to foreigners（外国人）‎ ‎4. other：泛指“其他的” other+名词=others ‎ the other：特指某种范围内的其他人或事物 the other+名词=the others ‎ another：“另一个，又一个”常指三个或三个以上同类事物中可选择另一个，再一个。‎ ‎※常见搭配：‎ ‎（1）one…the other… （两者中）一个…另一个 ‎（2）each other 互相 ‎ My Favourite Animals ‎ My favourite animals are pandas.Because they’re cute.They have big ears and eyes.They’re black and white.They’re from China.They like to eat bamboos and play with friends.I think they’re very intertesting and kind of shy.‎ ‎ I don’t like elephants because they are too big and too strong.And I don’t think they are beautiful.‎ ‎ I have a good friend.His name is Tom.He likes dolphins very much.Because they are clever and smart.They can help people in water.Tom doesn’t like lions.Because they’re ugly.They are from South Africa.Tom thinks they are sacry.‎ ‎ 重点短语 ‎①a map of China 一幅中国地图 ②kind of shy 有点害羞 ‎③south Africa 南非 ④like to play with friends 喜欢和朋友玩 ‎⑤eat grass and leaves 吃草和叶子 ⑥Please be quiet 请安静 ‎⑦during the day=in the day 在白天 ⑧at night=in the evening 在晚上 ‎⑨relax for an hour 放松一小时 ⑩an interesting elephant 一头有趣的大象 ‎⑪Why do you like pandas？ Because they’re scary and ugly.‎ ‎ 你为什么喜欢熊猫？ 因为它们友好又聪明。‎ ‎⑫My broth doesn’t like tigers. Because they’re scary and ugly.‎ ‎ 我的弟弟不喜欢老虎。 因为他们可怕又难看。‎ ‎⑬Koalas are from Australia. They are lazy.‎ ‎ 考拉来自澳大利亚。 它们很懒。‎ ‎⑭what other animals do you like？‎ ‎ 你还喜欢其它的什么动物？‎ ‎ Unit 4‎ ‎1. 询问职业：①what do you do？=what’s your job？=what are you？‎ ‎ ②what does she do？=what’s his job？=what is he？‎ ‎2. 构词法：①动词+er/or=执行动作的人 ‎ ②男女之分：woman=man，er—ress ‎3. want to be 想成为 ‎ want to do sth 想要做某事 ‎ want sb to do sth 想某人做某事 want sth 想要某事物 ‎4. money：不可数名词 eg:许多钱 much/a lot of money ‎ 赚钱 make money ‎5. give sb sth=give sth to sb 把某物给某人 ‎ sell sb sth=sell sth to sb 把某物卖给某人 ‎ pass sb sth=pass sth to sb 把某物传给某人 ‎ show sb sth=show sth to sb 把某物展示给某人看 ‎ 以上结构可归纳为：动词+直接宾语（物）+to/for+间接宾语（人）与介词for搭配的有：‎ buy sth for sb 为某人买到某物 make sth for sb 为某人制作某物 cook sth for sb 为某人烹饪某物 get sth for sb 为某人取到某物 ‎6. get sth from sb 从某人处取得某物。‎ ‎7.wear：“穿着”，表示衣服穿在身上的状态。‎ ‎ puton：“穿上”，表示衣服还没有穿，要穿上的动作。‎ dress：后面接“人”作宾语，也可以单独使用，dress up 盛妆打扮。‎ in：后面接颜色，表示穿着什么颜色的衣服。‎ ‎8. sometimes：“有时”多用于一般现在时。‎ sometime：“某时”，多用于将来时。‎ some times：几次，数次。‎ ‎ some time：“一段时间”，有时和for连用。‎ ‎9. talk to sb 对某人讲话 ‎ talk with sb 和某人交谈 ‎ talk about sth 谈论某事 ‎10. work with sb 和某人打交道或一起工作。‎ work for sb 为某人工作。‎ work as a+工作 作为一名…（身份）工作 work hard 辛勤努力工作 work late 工作到很晚 e.g. I work for the school as a teacher.‎ ‎11. be busy with sth be busy doing sth ‎ 忙于做某事 ‎12. teach sb to do sth 教某人做某事 teach sb sth 教某人某事物 e.g. My father teaches me to swim. Mr.Guo teaches us Chinese.‎ ‎ 作文范文 ‎ My name is Sam.I’m a middle school student.Iwant to be a doctor.It’s a difficult job.But I can help many people.‎ ‎ My father is a bank clerk.He works with money.He thinks it’s kind of boring.So he wants to be an actor because it’s fun.‎ ‎ My mother is a nurse.She wears a white uniform every day.She works hard.She likes her job because it’s busy and interesting.She wants to be a shop assistant.‎ ‎ My uncle is a policeman.I think it’s a dangerous,but exciting job.He wants to be a waiter because he likes to work late.‎ ‎ My aunt works as a reporter in a TV station.She likes talking to people.She meets many people and writes some stories.She want to be a teacher.Because she is kind and she likes children very much.‎ ‎ Unit 5‎ ‎1. 现在进行时 ‎（1）定义：现在进行时表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作；也可以表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。‎ ‎（2）结构：be（am，is，are）+现在分词（动词ing形式）‎ ‎（3）现在分词变化规则：‎ ‎①一般加ing ‎②以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing ‎③元音+辅音结尾，且是重点闭音节的单词，双写辅音字母+ing。‎ ‎（4）现在进行时其他变化：‎ 否定句：直接在be动词后面加not 一般疑问句：把be动词提到句首。‎ 对画线部分提问：what+be+主语+doing？（be动词要和主语保持一致）‎ ‎（5）其他用法：‎ ‎①某些短暂性动词常用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。如：go，come，leave，arrive，begin等。‎ e.g. The train is arriving. The movie is beginning ‎②现在进行时跟always（总是）连用表示说话人的赞扬或厌恶的情感。‎ e.g. The boy is always helping people.‎ ‎2. 区别：‎ ‎（1）现在进行时常和now，look，listen等时间状语连用。‎ ‎（2）一般现在时常和often，usually，sometimes，every day，in the morning等连用表示经常发生或习惯性的动作。‎ ‎3. Here is+可数名词单数/不可数名词 ‎ Here are+可数名词复数 ‎4. some of…“…中的一些”，后接可数名词复数或不可数名词。‎ one of+可数名词复数：…中的一个（动词用单数）‎ many of+可数名词复数：…中的许多（动词用复数）‎ all of+可数或不可数：…中的全部 ‎5. family 家；家庭 强调“整体”，是单数；强调“成员”时，是复数。‎ ‎ 作文范文 Dear Sir,‎ ‎ I am a P.E teacher.I am from America.I can speak English and Chinese.I like playing sports.And I can play basketball very well.I like children very much.I am good with kids.I am friendly,kind and strict.I want to work for the school as a P.E teacher.I think it’s an interesting and exciting job.I will work hard.‎ ‎ Yours,‎ ‎ Jack ‎ 重点短语 ‎①give sth to sb=give sb sth 把某物给某人 ‎②get sth from sb 从某人处得到某物 ‎③wear a white uniform 穿着白色制服 ‎④kind of dangerous 有点危险 ‎⑤an exciting job 一份刺激的工作 ⑥talk about sth 谈论某事 ‎⑦talk with sb=talk to sb 和某人交谈 ⑧work for 为…而工作 ‎⑨work as 以…身份或职业而工作 ⑩work with 和…一起工作或打交道 ‎⑪work hard 努力学习或工作 ⑫work late 工作到很晚 ‎⑬read an evening newspaper 读一份晚报 ⑭write stories 写故事 ‎⑮teach me math 教我数学 ⑯teach sb to do sth 教某人做某事 ‎⑰go out to dinners 出去吃饭 ‎ 重点短语 ‎①do homework 做作业 ②watch TV 看电视 ‎③clean the room=do some cleaning 打扫房间 ④eat dinner 吃饭 ‎⑤read a book=do some reading 读书 ⑥talk on the phone 讲电话 ‎⑦write a letter 写一封信 ⑧draw a picture 画一幅画 ‎⑨go to the movies 去看电影 ⑩That souds good 那听起来不错 ‎⑪wait for sb 等候某人 ⑫talk about sth 谈论某事 ‎⑬talk with sb=talk to sb 和某人谈话 ⑭go shopping 去购物 ‎⑮at the mall 在商场 ⑯at a swimming pool 在游泳池 ‎⑰thanks for sth=thanks for doing sth 因…而感谢 ‎⑱a photo of my family=my famliy photo 我的一张全家福 ‎⑲TV show 电视节目 ⑳the last one 最后一个 ‎ Unit 6‎ ‎1. 询问天气句型：‎ ‎ How is the weather+时间/地点？=What is the weather like+时间/地点？‎ ‎ 回答：It’s……/It’s a……day.‎ ‎2. 构词法：名词+y—形容词 wind—windy snow—snowy rain—rainy cloud—cloudy sun—sunny fog—foggy storm—stormy ‎3. How is it going（+with sb）？ （某人）近况怎样？‎ ‎4. thank you for sth 因某事感谢你 ‎ thank you for doing sth 因做了什么事而感谢你 ‎5. other：泛指“其他的”，没有特定范围。‎ the other：特指某个范围内的“其他的，别的”，the other+名词=the others another：指三者或三者以上同类事物中可供选择的“另一个，再一个”‎ 常用短语：‎ ‎①one…the other… （两者中）一个…另一个…‎ ‎②some…others… （泛指）一些…另一些…‎ ‎③each other 互相 ‎6. surprise：名词“惊喜，惊奇”‎ ‎ surprised：形容词“惊奇的”常修饰人 surprising：形容词“惊奇的”常修饰事物。‎ 常用短语：①in surprise：吃惊地（放句尾）。‎ ‎ ②to one’s surprise：令某人感到吃惊的是（放句首，用逗号隔开）。‎ ‎ ③be surprised at：对…感到惊奇。‎ ‎7. 连系动词+形容词 ‎ look，sound，feel（摸起来，感觉起来），taste（套起来）‎ ‎ smell（闻起来） get（变得） turn（变得） become（变为）‎ ‎8. on vacation 在度假 ‎ on daty 在值日 ‎ on sale 在出售 ‎ on+名词“表示处于某种状态中”‎ ‎9. have a good time/have fun/enojy oneself 玩得开心 ‎10. 形容词+ed修饰人，+ing修饰事物。‎ ‎ My Hometown Dongguan is my hometown.It’s a beautiful city.In spring,it is warm and humid.The flowers are colorful and the leaves are green.Look!People are taking photos on the park.‎ In summer,It’s rainy and hot.People likes swimming at the pool and playing beach volleyball.The students are on vacation.They have a good time.So I like summer best.‎ The weather is cool and windy in fall.There ar many kinds of fruits at the supermaket.They are tasty.People likes having a party at home.‎ The weather is terrible cold in winter.People wear sweaters,coats and ‎ scarfs.‎ This is an interesting place.The people are relaxed.I love Dongguan.‎ ‎ Review of units 1-6‎ ‎1. look常和at连用表示“朝…放向看”‎ ‎ see强调看到的结果和内容 ‎ watch欣赏（表演）、观看（比赛）‎ ‎ read阅读、看（书籍，报纸，杂志等）‎ ‎2. look for：“寻找”的过程 ‎ find：“寻找”的结果 ‎3. look at：看…‎ ‎ look for：寻找 look after：照顾 look up：查找（字典、资料）‎ ‎4. in order to+动词原形 为了做某事 ‎ 重点短语 ‎①study hard 努力学习 ②pretty good 现当好 ‎③on vacation 在度假 ④take a phone 拍照 ‎⑤lie（lying）on the floor 躺在地板上 ⑥play beach volleyball 打沙滩排球 ‎⑦look at 看到 ⑧look after 寻找 ‎⑨be surprised at 对…感到惊讶 ⑩in this heat 在这种热度下 ‎⑪wear scarfs 戴围巾 ‎ ‎⑫have a good time/have fun/enjoy oneself 玩得开心 ‎⑬look cool 看起来很酷 ‎⑭How is the weather？=what’s the weather like？ 今天天气怎样？‎ ‎⑮some…others… 一些…另一些 ⑯improve my English 提高英语水平 ‎⑰in order to do sth 为了做某事 ‎ 作文范文 ‎ My name is Kate.I am from China.I speak Chinese and a little English.I’m 14 years old.‎ ‎ I live in Dongguan.It’s an interesting city.We have busy streets and quiet parks.My house is across from a library.So I often read books on weekends.The weather here is hot in summer and cold in winter.I like spring best because it’s beautiful.‎ ‎ My favourite animals are pandas because they’re friendly and kind of clever.My favourite subject is music.It’s relaxing.After school,I like taking photos and playing beach volleyball.‎ ‎ There are 3 people in my family.My father is a doctor.My mother is a nurse.They work hard.I want to be a reporter because I like talking to people.‎ ‎ Please write to me soon and tell me about yourself.‎ ‎ Unit 7‎ 询问某人长什么样子：what does he look like？ look like 看起来像…‎ 询问某人是什么性格用：what is he like？ be like 像…（品德、性格）‎ ‎2. 多个形容词同时修饰头发时，其排列顺序为：长短+形状+颜色。‎ ‎3.如何描述一个人的外貌：‎ face：long/round/square(方的)/oval(椭圆的)‎ hair：long/short/straight/curly/bald/color(brown,blonde,black…)‎ eyes：big/small,color,wear glasses nose：big/small mouth：big/small(a bread/moustache)‎ ears：bing/small height：short/tall/medium height build：heavy/thin/medium build ‎4. He is of medium height/build=He has a medium height height/build ‎ 他中等身高/体型（常用）‎ ‎5. be+形容词：常用来描述人在外貌上的特征。‎ ‎ have+名词：常用来说明人具体…特征。‎ ‎6. good-looking：（男/女）漂亮的，好看的 ‎ beautiful：（妇女/儿童）好看的 pretty：（妇女/儿童）娇媚，温柔的 handsome：（男子）英俊的 ‎7. high：指物体的高度，反义是low，正可以指高价（high price），高烧等。‎ ‎ tall：指身体的高度，一般指人和动物，反义是short。‎ ‎△两者都可指tree，building（建筑物）的高度，但是指山脉只能有high。‎ ‎8. thin：“瘦的”—反义：fat/heavy ‎ “薄的”—反义：thick（厚的）‎ ‎9. puton：穿上的动作。‎ wear：穿着的状态。‎ dress：后加人物，给某人穿衣服，也可单独使用。‎ in：介词，后加衣服颜色。‎ ‎10. 副词放在be动词后，情态动词、实义动词前。‎ ‎11. stop doing sth 停止做某事。‎ stop to do sth 停下来去做另一件事 ‎ 作文范文 ‎ My name is David.I am a middle school student.I am of middle height and medium build.I have a round face.I have short straight black hair.I have small eyes and small ears.I have a big nose and a big mouth.I wear glasses.I think I ‎ am a handsome boy.I like reading and playing chess ‎ I have a good friend.Her name is Nancy.She is a beautiful girl.She is a little bit thin.She has long curly brown hair.She often wears a red dress and white shoes.She likes to tell jokes.She never stops taliking.She is very popular in class.‎ ‎12. remember to do sth 记得要做某事 remember doing sth 记得做了某事 e.g. After school，please remember to close the door.‎ ‎13. not…any more 不再 e.g. He doesn’t wear glasses any more. He isn’t a student any more.‎ ‎ The baby didn’t cry any more.‎ ‎14. with：表示伴随状态,“具有、带有”补充说明主语的情况。‎ e.g. This is a house with a garden. I often play basketball with friends.‎ ‎ The teacher comes in with a book in his hand.‎ ‎ My sister is the girl with glasses and long hair.‎ ‎ My Chinese teacher ‎ My favourite teacher is Mr Guo.He teaches us Chinese.He is short.He is a little bit heavy.He has a round face.He has short straight black hair.He has big eyes and big ears.He has a small mouth and a bread.He doesn’t wear glasses.I think he is very handsome.He often wears school unform and sports shoes.He is very kind and interesting.He likes to tell jokes.But he is always strict with us.I like him very much.So I think Chinese is very easy and fun.‎ ‎ 重点短语 ‎①have long curly blonde hair 有金黄色长卷发 ‎②has short straight brown hair 有棕色短直发 ‎③of medium height and of medium build 有中等身高和体型 ‎④look like 看起来像 ⑤the captain of the basketball team 篮球队队长 ‎⑥a little bit/kind of 一点 ⑦tell jokes 讲笑话 ‎⑧stop doing sth 停止做某事 ⑨stop to do sth 停下来做某事 ‎⑩wear glasses 戴眼镜 ⑪a new look 一个新形象 ‎⑫remember doing sth 记得做过某事 ‎⑬remember to do sth 记得要做某事 ‎⑭not…any more… 不再 ⑮a pop singer 一个流行歌手 ‎⑯play chess 下象棋 ⑰go shopping 去购物 ‎⑱have a beard 留胡须 ‎ Unit 8‎ ‎1. would like=want 想要…（语气较委婉）‎ ‎△无人称和数的变化，可以缩写成’d like.‎ ‎△would like sth 想要某事物 ‎ would like to do sth 想要做某事 ‎ would like sb to do sth 想要某人做某事 ‎2. would you like…？ 你想要…吗？‎ ‎ 肯定回答：yes，please！/Yes，I’d love to.‎ ‎ 否定回答：sorry，I’d love to，but…‎ ‎3. 名词修饰名词时，另一个名词常用单数。‎ e.g. apple tree，beef noodles.‎ ‎ 但是当第一个名词是man或woman时，两个名词要一起变复数。‎ ‎ e.g. two men teachers，three women teachers.‎ ‎4. 名词分为可数名词和不可数名词，判断方法为：把该名词所代表的事物一分为二，若还能称之为原来的事物的为不可数名词，反之则为可数名词。‎ ‎5. 可数名词用法：可以用a，an限定，表示一个，可以用one，two，three限定表示数量，可以用many，a few，few来修饰，有复数形式，其结构或规则为：‎ ‎①一般加s。‎ ‎②以s，sh，ch，x结尾的加es。‎ ‎③以辅音字母加y结尾改y为i再加es。‎ ‎④以o结尾的有生命力的加es，无生命力的加s。‎ ‎⑤以f或fe结尾的，改f或fe为v再加es。‎ ‎⑥不规则变化的复数有：Children，me，women，deer，sheep等 ‎6. 不可数名词用法，不能用a，an限定，不能和数词one，two，three等连用，可以用much，a little，little修饰，没有复数形式，大概有以下几类：‎ ‎①液体类：water，soup，milk，tea，offee，coke，juice。‎ ‎②肉类：meat，pork，beef，chicken，fish，mutton。‎ ‎③物质类：air，money，paper，rain，snow，wind，weather，bread，rice。‎ ‎④抽象概念类：time，news，homework，work，English。‎ ‎7. 不可数名词的复数要借助量词来表示：‎ ‎ a bowl of：一碗… a piece of：一块/张/条… a bottle of：一瓶…‎ ‎ a glass of：一玻璃杯… a cup of：一茶杯… a basket of：一篮子…‎ ‎ 作文范文 I’m a middle school student.I have lots of healthy food because it can help me study well.‎ I like bread,milk and eggs,and I often have them for breakfast.Sometimes I have porridge.‎ For lunch,I would like rice,fish and broccoli.Because they are yummy and healthy.I also have an apple after lunch.‎ For dinner,I would like dumplings and cabbages.I also drink green tea every day.I think it is kind of sweet.‎ My favourite is beef and tomato noodles.It is a little bit sour but I like it.‎ I think eating fruits and vegetables is good for our healthy.‎ ‎ Unit 9‎ ‎1. 一般过去时：‎ ‎（1）表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday，last night，the day before yesterday（前天），last week，last year，‎ just now，a moment ago，two days ago（两天前），three years ago（三年前），in 1999，in 2000等。‎ ‎（2）结构：主语+动词的过去式 ‎（3）动词过去式的变化规律：‎ ‎①一般加ed。‎ ‎②以不发音字母e结尾的d。‎ ‎③以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加ed。‎ ‎④重点闭音节结尾的双写最后一个辅音字母再加ed（stopped，planned）‎ ‎⑤不规则动词过去式P102‎ ‎4. 否定句：①有was，were直接在后面加not，变成wasn’t，weren’t。‎ ‎ ②若没有was，were，只有实义动词的话，要借助实义动词didn’t，再加动词原形。‎ ‎5. 一般疑问句：有was，were直接把有was，were放到句首。‎ ‎ 若没有was，were，则要借助助动词did放句首，后面的动词过去式要改成动词原形。‎ ‎6. practice sth 练习某事 practice doing sth 练习做某事 enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事 ‎7. what about sth？/what about doing sth？ 做某事怎么样（表建议）‎ ‎8. spend—spent：花费；度过 ‎（1）spend…on sth 花费时间/金钱在某事物上。‎ ‎（2）spend…（in）doing sth 花费时间/金钱做某事。‎ ‎（3）spend time with sb 和某人共度时光。‎ ‎ 重点短语 ‎(1)did homework 做作业 (2)went shopping 去购物 ‎(3)went to the library 去图书馆 (4)went to the beach 去沙滩 ‎(5)went to the mountains 去爬山 (6)stayed at home 呆在家里 ‎(7)had a good time/have fun 过得很愉快 (8)played the guitar 弹吉他 ‎(9)studied for the math test 为数学考试而复习 (10) studied geography 学习地理 ‎(11)watched a movie=went to a movie 看电影 (12)cleaned the room 打扫房间 ‎(13)played sports 做运动 (14)read a book about history 看一本关于历史的书 ‎(15)cooked dinner for me 为我做饭 ‎ ‎(16)saw an interesting talk show看一个有趣的谈话节目 ‎(17)visited my aunt 看望我的阿姨 (18)went for a walk=took a walk 去散步 ‎(19)sat down 坐下 (20）looked for 寻找 (21)played tennis 打网球 ‎(22)practiced speaking English 练习讲英语 ‎(23)It is time to do sth 该做某事的时候 (24）watch sb doing sth 看见某人做某事 ‎(25)watch sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 (26)on Saturday morning 在星期六早上 ‎9. enjoy doing sth ‎ practice doing sth ‎ what about doing sth ‎ spend …（in）doing sth ‎10. go for a walk=take a walk ‎11. It is time to do sth=It is time for sth 该做某事的时候了。‎ ‎12. look for：寻找（过程）‎ ‎ find：找到（结果）‎ ‎13. watch sb do sth 观看某人做了（经常做）某事。‎ watch sb doing sth 观看某人正在做某事。‎ ‎△相同用法的还有see，hear ‎ Lucy’s Weekend ‎ Lucy had a busy weekend.On Saturday morning,Lucy played tennis.It was interesting and exciting.On Saturday afternoon,she went to the beach with family.‎ They took a lot of photos.They had fun.On Saturday night,she went to the movie.It was great.‎ ‎ On Sunday morning,Lucy cleaned her room.She was very tired.In the afternoon,she plays soccer with friends.It was rainy,so it was terrible.At night,Lucy stayed at home.She did her homework and wrote a letter to her pen pal about the weekend.‎ ‎ After that,Lucy didn’t watch TV.She went to bed early.She was happy.‎ ‎ Unit 10‎ ‎1. be动词形式：am，is—was are—were ‎2. have fun doing sth= have a good time doing sth 做某事时玩得很开心。‎ ‎ e.g. I had fun playing basketball yesterday.‎ ‎ She has fun listening to music.‎ ‎3. find—found 发现 ‎ find sb doing sth 发现某人正在做某事。‎ ‎ find sb to do sth 发现某人做了（经常做）某事。‎ ‎ 相同用法：watch，see，hear。‎ e.g. I found a wallet（钱包）lying on the floor on my way home.‎ ‎ I found him write a letter last night.‎ ‎4. help sb（to）do sth=help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事。‎ ‎ e.g. He often helps me（to）learn English.‎ ‎ =He often helps me with English.‎ ‎5. make sb do sth 使某人做某事。‎ let sb do sth 让某人做某事。‎ ‎6. decide to do sth 决定做某事。‎ ‎7. make sb+形容词 e.g. It makes me（feel）sad/surprised/great.‎ ‎ 作文范文 ‎ Last summer,I went to Beijing on vacation.It was sunny and hot.In the evening,I went to the Great Wall.It was fantastic.I took many photos with my friends.‎ ‎ In the afternoon,I visited the Palace Museum.It was clean and quiet.The things were old and expensive.Then I visit Tian’an Men Square.It was great and beautiful.‎ ‎ In the evening,I went to Beijing Hutong.It was busy and crowded.The people were friendly.The food was delicious.My favourite food is Beijing duck.I was tired but I was very happy.‎ ‎ 重点短语 ‎①went to summer camp 去了夏令营 ②went to the mountains 去爬山 ‎③visited the museum 参观博物馆 ④on vacation 去度假 ‎⑤went to Central Park 去了中央公园 ⑥studied for the exam 为考试而学习 ‎⑦all day 整天 ‎ ‎⑧had fun doing sth=had a good time doing sth做了某事时,玩得很开心。‎ ‎⑨found sb doing sth 发现某人正在做某事。‎ ‎⑩make sb do sth 使某人做某事 ⑪decide to do sth 决定做某事 ‎⑫help sb （to）do sth=help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事。‎ ‎⑬kind of boring 有点无聊 ⑭too crowded 太拥挤 ⑮in a corner 在角落 ‎⑯took picture 照相 ‎ ‎⑰walk back to the hotel=went back to the hotel on foot 走路回酒店。‎ ‎ Unit 11‎ ‎1. 如何询问对方对事物的看法或观点：‎ ‎（1）what do you think of…?=How do you like…? 你觉得…怎么样？‎ ‎（2）what about…？=How about…？‎ ‎2. mind:介意，反对，在乎。‎ mind one’s doing sth 介意某事。‎ e.g. Would you mind opening the window？‎ ‎ Would you mind smoking here?‎ ‎3. 数词—名词单数—形容词，构成一个复合形容词。‎ e.g. an 8-year-old boy.‎ ‎4. garee with sb 同意某人的意见或观点。‎ ‎ agree to sth 同意某事 ‎ agree to do sth 同意做某事 e.g. I agree with you.‎ ‎ I agree to the plan（计划）.‎ ‎ He agrees to help us.‎ ‎ 作文范文 ‎ ‎ I like watching TV on weekends.I love game shows because they are interesting.I like sitcoms very much because they are fun and relaxing.I don’t like sports show because I don’t play sports.I can’t stand talk shows because they are not exciting.‎ ‎ My friend is Mary.She has many fashion things.She loves the key ring because it’s cute.She likes the sunglasses because it’s cool.She doesn’t mind the scarf.She thinks it’s for moms.She doesn’t like the belt because it is not beautiful. She can’t stand the wallet because it’s ugly.‎ ‎ Unit 12‎ ‎1. 祈使句：表示请求,命令，劝说，号召，警告等。语气较强烈，多用于口语或规则条文中，以动词原形开头，又是可以加please，其否定句在句首加don’t。‎ ‎2. 表示不能，不允许做某事时，用can’t do sth。表示必须要做某事用have to do sth。‎ ‎3. arrive late for=be late for 迟到 ‎4. fight with sb 和某人打架 ‎5. other:“别的，其他的”，放在名词之前。‎ else：“别的，其他的”，放在疑问词和不定代词后面。‎ ‎6. too many：“太多”后接可数名词复数。‎ ‎ too much：“太多”后接不可数名词。‎ ‎ much too：“太”后接形容词。‎ ‎7.非谓语动词跟时态、主语、人称无关，属于固定搭配。‎ ‎① enjoy doing sth ‎ practice doing sth have fun doing sth spend…doing sth what about doing sth 介词+ing ‎② decide to do sth ‎ want to do sth ‎ would like to do sth ‎ agree to do sth ‎ help sb to do sth ‎ tell sb to do sth ‎ ask sb to do sth ‎③ make sb do sth ‎ let sb do sth ‎④ watch sb do sth （经常做，做了）‎ ‎ see sb do sth （经常做，做了）‎ ‎ hear sb do sth （经常做，做了）‎ ‎ find sb do sth （经常做，做了）‎ watch sb doing sth （正在做）‎ ‎ see sb doing sth （正在做）‎ ‎ hear sb doing sth （正在做）‎ ‎ find sb doing sth （正在做）‎ stop to do sth 停下来做某事 ‎ stop doing sth 停住做某事 ‎ ‎ ‎ remember to do sth 记得要做某事 ‎ remember doing sth 记得做过某事 ‎ 作文范文 ‎ There are many rules in our school.We can’t arrive late for class.We can’t run in the hallways.We can’t listen to music in the classroom,but we can listen outside or in the music room.We can’t fight with others.We can’t bring the mobile phones to school.We can’t talk in class.‎ ‎ We have to do homework every day.We have to wear school uniforms and school ID cards.We have to eat dinner in the dining hall.We have to wear sports shoes for gym class.We have to clean classroom every day.‎ ‎ Most of students can keep the rules.We don’t want to break the rules.Because they are good for us ‎ ‎ ‎ David’s Family Rules ‎ I have a good friend.His name is Daivd.There are too many rules in his family.He can’t talk loudly at home.He can’t go out on school nights.He can’t watch TV after school.He has to do his homework every day.And he has to practice playing the guitar.‎ ‎ On weekends,David can’t sleep too late.He can’t eat in bed.He can’t watch TV late at night.He has to do some cleaning.It is boring.He is tired and happy.‎