英语初一升初二衔接

英语初一升初二衔接

第一章 七年级下册知识点复习 Unit 5 and unit 6‎ 频度副词及用法：频度副词主要指一定时间内动作发生的次数。 ‎ l I always go to school by bike.(100%)‎ l I usually go to work by car.(80%)‎ l I often go to school by bus.(60%)‎ l I sometimes go to school by subway.(40%)‎ l I seldom go to school on foot.（20%）‎ l I never go to school by taxi.(0%)‎ 除此之外，常见的这类副词及短语还有：everyday, twice a week, once a week等 注意： 对频度副词用How often 提问：‎ ‎ 例：1. How often does he go to the park? Twice a week.‎ ‎ 2. How often do you go to the library? Everyday !‎ ‎ 2. 交通方式的表达 ‎ A. 交通工具: bus taxi bike train plane subway car等等。‎ ‎ B. 乘坐交通工具，用by+交通工具，中间不加任何词：by bike, by bus, by plane/by air…‎ 除此之外，还可用其他词汇这样表达：take a bus, ride a bike, take a taxi, walk to…‎ ‎ C. 对交通方式或者方式的提问用 how, e.g. How do you go home? I go home on foot.‎ ‎ How does she go to work? By bus.‎ ‎3. 关于借物：borrow, lend, keep ‎ Borrow: 短暂性动词，指从别人那里借来东西。‎ Lend: 指把自己的东西借出去给别人，lend sth. to sb.‎ Keep: 持续性动词，可指“借多久”， 可以接时间段。‎ 练习：May I ______ your knife?‎ ‎ Please ______ it to me.‎ ‎ You can ______ them for 3 days.‎ ‎4. There be 句型：表示某地或某时存在某人，某事或或某物。谓语使用就近原则。‎ e.g. There is an orange and two apples on the table.‎ ‎ 将来时结构为：There is going to be …/ there will be…‎ ‎ e.g. There is going to be a meeting tomorrow morning.‎ 句型变化：a. Is there a computer in your study? Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.‎ ‎ b. Are there any shoes under the bed? Yes, there are./ No, there aren’t.‎ ‎ c. What is on the table? There is a knife and a fork.‎ 与“have”的区别：have 指“某人拥有什么”， 强调所属关系。‎ e.g. I have many science books.‎ 课堂小练习 ‎1. There ______ any rice in the bowl.    ‎ A. are  B. Is C. isn’t  D. aren’t ‎2. There ______ many apples on the tree last year. ‎ A. have been   B. were C. are D. is ‎3. There ______ a film tomorrow evening.  ‎ A. will have B. have C. is going to be D. has ‎4. There is some milk in the bottle, ______? ‎ A. isn’t there B. aren’t there C. isn’t it D. are there ‎5. How many boys ______ there in the Class One? ‎ A. be B. is C. are  D. am ‎6. There ______ a lot of good news in today’s newspaper. ‎ A. is  B. are C. was  D. were ‎7. There ______ pencil-box, and some flowers on the desk. ‎ A. is a B. are some C. has a D. have some ‎8. There ______ an apple and ten bananas in the basket. ‎ A. are B. is C. has D. have ‎9. ______ any flowers on both sides of the street?‎ ‎ A. Is there B. Are there C. Has D. Have ‎10. There is little water n the glass, ______?‎ ‎ A. isn’t there  B. isn’t it C. is it D. is there ‎5. 表示地点与方位: on/ at/in/above/ under/beside/near/behind/next to/across from…‎ ‎ On the right/left, in front of/ in the front of, at the back of/ at back of ‎ ‎6. 问路，指路与距离 ‎ 问路：‎ u ‎   Excuse me, is there a ….near here?‎ u ‎   Excuse me, how can I get to…/ Could you tell me how to get to…?‎ u ‎     Where is…? ‎ u ‎     Excuse me, which is the way to…/ Which bus goes to…?‎ 指路：‎ l Go up this street to the end and…‎ l Go along…and turn left at the first street.‎ l Sorry, I don’t know. I’m new here.‎ l You can take bus No.12.‎ l It’s about 400 meters from here.‎ l You’d better take a taxi.‎ 距离 How far is it from here? ‎ It’s about 5 kilometers away from here./ It’s 2 hours by bike.‎ ‎7. 现在进行时 用法：1）表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作。常和now连用，有时用动词look!(瞧)，listen!(听)来表示“此时此刻”这一时间概念,或者使用祈使句Don’t…引导的句子。‎ 结构为：be + doing ‎ e.g. He is reading books in the library now.‎ ‎ Listen, someone is playing the piano.‎ ‎ Look, they are dancing. ‎ 注意区别于一般现在时：一般现在时:表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态，或表示说话者的能力，或普遍真理。 ‎ 用法:1)经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。‎ ‎ I go to school on foot on weekdays. / He is very busy every day.‎ ‎2)表示主语的特征、性格、能力、爱好等。‎ He can swim. / I work hard. / She likes watching TV.‎ ‎ 3)表示客观真理 ‎ ‎ There are seven days in a week. / The moon moves round the earth.‎ 标志:often（经常）,usually（通常）,sometimes（有时）,always（总是）,never（从不）, on Sundays（在星期天）, every day/month/year（每一天/月/年）‎ 课堂练习 ‎( )1. Listen! They ________ in the next room.‎ A. sing B. is singing C. are singing D. were singing ‎( )2. Lucy is always busy. She _____ only five hours every day.‎ A. is sleeping B. will sleep C. would sleep D. sleeps ‎ ‎( )3. It’s eight o’clock. The students ______ an English class.‎ A. have B. having C. is having D. are having ‎ ‎( )4. ---Is your father a doctor? ‎ ‎ ---Yes, he is. He _______ in Town‎ ‎Hospital.‎ A. has worked B. is working C. works D. worked ‎( )5. On Sunday he sometimes _____ his clothes and sometimes _____ some shopping.‎ A. wash; do B. is washing; is doing C. washes; does D. washes; is doing ‎( )6. ---Mary, could you help me? ---Wait a moment. I _____.‎ A. read a book B. did my homework ‎ C. was watching TV D. am cooking dinner.‎ ‎( )7. ---Tom _____ the piano in the room. ---Please ask him to come here.‎ A. play B. plays C. played D. is playing ‎( )8. ---Can your father drive? --Yes, and he usually ______ to school.‎ A. drove B. is driving C. drives D. has driven ‎ ‎( )9. ---Excuse me, where is Jim? ---Oh, he ____ dumplings in the kitchen.‎ A. makes B. will make C. is making D. made ‎( )10. He said the sun ____in the east and ____in the west.‎ A. rose; set B. rises; sets C. rises, set D. rise; sets ‎( )11. Don’t turn on the TV. Grandma _______ now.‎ A. is sleeping B. will sleep C. slept D. sleeps ‎( )12. ---______ you ______ a book? ---Yes, I am.‎ A. Do; read B. Are; read C. Are; reading D. Are; looking ‎( )13. Sometimes she _______ in the day, but now she is ________.‎ A. works; working B. working; work ‎ C. work; working D.work; work ‎( )14. Jenny____ English every evening.‎ A. has study B. studies C. study D. studied ‎( )15. Wang Mei ____ music and often ____ to music.‎ A. like; listen B. likes; listens ‎ ‎ C. like; are listening D. liking ; listen ‎8. 一些重点单词及短语 ‎ Early catch walk ride return easy interesting difficult boring beautiful large stop turn across danger last fast careful The same to come on have a short rest in one’s free time a few of course Look for on time put on from…to… be friendly to… talk about put away In the center of at the end of a lot of close to far from right now Be late for across from Unit 7 and unit 8‎ ‎1.主要词汇短语 ‎ 1-12 月份：January February March April May June July August September October November December ‎ 序数词： first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth….‎ ‎ 四季：spring summer autumn/ fall winter ‎ Weather: warm hot rain snow cloudy rainy snowy sunny windy cool cold ‎ Sport birthday party present shape ago anything mean enjoy wash happen angry arrive busy travel trip believe important prepare start ‎ shout hold race be born do some cleaning have a good time take pictures be good at/ do well in with the help of/ with one’s help enjoy oneself at once tell a lie be different from put up prepare for stay up ‎ ‎2. 天气 ‎ 询问天气：a. 一般现在时：How is the weather? /What’s the weather like today? It’s sunny./ It’s hot.‎ ‎ b. 一般过去时：How was the weather?/ What was the weather like? ‎ It was sunny./ It was hot.‎ ‎ 关于温度：What’s the temperature? The temperature is 20℃.‎ ‎3. 谈论能力： 使用情态单词can, 后接动词原形，没有人称变化，但是有过去式could.‎ ‎ She can sing English songs.‎ ‎ Can you dance? Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.‎ ‎ I can swim now, but I couldn’t swim when I was five.‎ ‎4. 意愿和打算 ‎ Hope 表示希望，指比较容易达成的目的： hope to do ‎ ‎ Wish 表示希望，指不容易达到的目的或意愿：wish (sb.) to do ‎ Want 想要， 表示个人的意愿，want （sb.） to do ‎ Would like: 用法和want 一样 ‎ Plan: 计划，plan to do ‎ e.g. I hope to find a pen pal.‎ ‎ I wish to be a rich man. / I wish you to win the first prize.‎ ‎ I want/would like to buy a present for her.‎ ‎ I plan to go to Hangzhou this summer.‎ ‎5. 一般过去时 一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的动作或情况。结构是“主语+动词的过去式”可以从以下几个方面来理解：‎ ‎1、过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，句中有明确的表示过去的时间状语如：yesterday（昨天）, last night（昨晚）, last week（上个星期）, four days ago（四天前）, in 2002（在2002年）, just now（刚才）, the day before yesterday（前天）等。表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。‎ e.g. I bought a new shirt yesterday. ‎ He was a worker two years ago.‎ ‎2、过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。‎ e.g. When I was a child,I often played with fire. ‎ Li Lei always walked to school last term.‎ 其句式变化分为两种情况：‎ ‎1)含有be动词的直接把be 动词改成过去式. ‎ e.g. I was born in 1980. ‎ I was not born in 1980. ‎ Were you born in 1980? ‎ ‎2)含有行为动词的变否定句要在行为动词前加助动词didn't.,同时把动词变成原形; 变一般疑问句,在句首加助动词did,同时把动词变成原形. ‎ e.g. I bought a gift for my mum yesterday.‎ ‎ I didn't buy a gift for my mum yesterday.‎ ‎ Did you buy a gift for your mum yesterday?‎ ‎ 课堂练习 ‎ 请用正确动词形式填空。 1. I _________ an exciting party last weekend. （have） 2. She _______ at home yesterday morning. （is） 3. Tommy __________ TV at his uncle’s last night.（watch） 4. They all _________ to the mountains yesterday morning. （go） 5. My friend, Carol, ________for the math test yesterday evening. （study）‎ ‎6．They____(be) on the farm a moment ago.‎ ‎7．There____(be)a shop not long ago.‎ ‎8 Jenny____(not go)to bed until 11:00 o'clock last night.‎ ‎9 Danny _____(read )English five minutes ago.‎ ‎10 I _____(see)Li Lei ____(go) out just now.‎ 按照括号中的要求改写句子。 11. Lucy did her homework at home.（改否定句） Lucy ___________ ___________ her homework at home. 12. She found some meat in the fridge.（变一般疑问句) ___________ she __________ ___________ meat in the fridge? 13. She stayed there for a week.（对划线部分提问） __________ ___________ __________ she __________ there? 14. There was some orange in the cup.（变一般疑问句) _________ there ___________ orange in the cup? 15. Li Ming is at school now. （用yesterday 改写句子） Li Ming _______ at school yesterday. ‎ 第二章 句法与写作基础 一. 了解句子成分与词类之间的关系。‎ ‎ 据自由句子成分组成，而句子成分又由某些特定的词语担当。句子成分分为：主语， 谓语， 宾语， 表语，补语， 定语和状语。‎ （1） 主语 主语是一个句子叙述的主体，说明句子讲的是谁或者什么情况。名词，代词，数词，不定式，动词ING等都可做主语。‎ Mary is a good student.‎ He enjoys going fishing.‎ Playing football is my favorite sport.‎ （2） 谓语 谓语一般放在主语之后，用来说明主语的动作，特征，行为或者处于什么状态。谓语通常由动词或短语来充当，有时态，语气，语态和人称和数的变化，前面还可以加上助动词或者情态动词等。‎ The room can hold twenty people. (情态动词+ 动词原形)‎ She teaches us English. （第三人称单数）‎ My mother bought me a new sweater. (动词过去式)‎ （3） 表语 用来表述主语的特征，状态，身份等，一般跟在连系动词之后，一起构成系表结构。可以作表语的有名词，代词， 数词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式和动词ING等等。‎ ‎ He is a lucky dog. ‎ ‎ Her work is to look after the baby.‎ ‎ Keep quiet, please.‎ ‎ The weather becomes warmer and warmer in spring.‎ （4） 宾语 宾语在句子中充当动作的承受者表明行为动作的支配对象。可以做宾语的有名词，代词，数词，不定式，动词ING等等。介词之后也叫宾语。‎ ‎ Walls have ears.‎ ‎ I remember to give back his bike.‎ I send a postcard to my friend yesterday.‎ （1） 宾语补足语 有些谓语动词虽然带了宾语，但句子意思并不完整，还需要有一个补充说明句子意思才完整。这个补充说明的成分就叫宾语补足语，用来说明宾语的行为，特征和状态，身份等。能够充当宾语补足语的的有名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式和动词ING。‎ I want him back His jokes make me laugh.‎ I see her playing with her little brother.‎ Mother tells me not to swim in the river.‎ （2） 定语 定语用来修饰名词和代词。除动词之外，其余词类都可做定语。放在修饰词前面的叫前置定语，放在修饰词后面的叫后置定语。‎ ‎ Ann is a young singer.‎ ‎ There is a beautiful picture on the white wall.‎ ‎ You can see green leaves on the trees in spring. ‎ （3） 状语 用来表示时间，地点，原因，方式，程度，目的，结果，条件等等的叫状语。状语一般放在句尾，有的也可谓语句首或句中。‎ The plane will take off in ten minutes.‎ It’s really beautiful. ‎ We will go to the park by bike.‎ Judy wants to hold her birthday party at her home.‎ I like going shopping very much.‎ 试画出下列句子的句子成分 1. The book is about Chinese history.‎ 2. You should hold my hand.‎ 3. I want to know that beautiful girl under the tree.‎ 4. They are working on the farm now.‎ 5. The old man was feeling very tired.‎ 6. People speak English in America.‎ 7. I often go to school on foot.‎ 8. Sam didn’t do his homework yesterday.‎ ‎ ‎ 选出句中谓语的中心词 ① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't                 B. like            C. picture       D. wall ② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get                       B. longer            C. days   D. summer ③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do                       B. usually            C.go               D. bus ④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will be                  B. meeting          C. the library  D. afternoon ⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A.Did                      B. twins              C. have   D. breakfast ⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday. A. Tom                     B. didn't             C. do      D. his homework 二.了解句子的各种类型 ‎ 句子可以按照不同类别进行分类。我们主要学习按照用途划分，这样可分为陈述句，疑问句，祈使句和感叹句。‎ （1） 陈述句 用于陈述一件事情或一种观点的句子叫陈述句，包含肯定句和否定句，句末用句号。‎ He is willing to help others.‎ We can’t live without water and air.‎ （2） 疑问句 疑问句是用来询问事情的句子。常用的有一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句和反意疑问句。‎ l 一般疑问句 常用来询问一件事情是否属实，一般要用yes 或 no 来回答。‎ ‎ Does Helen always do housework? Yes, she does.‎ l 特殊疑问句 主要用来对陈述句中某个成分进行提问，常用的疑问词有7个wh- 和 how。‎ ‎ What will you use to do it?/ where are you going?‎ l 选择疑问句 说话人提出一个或两个以上的选择，供对方选择的问句。选择疑问句可用一般疑问句形式也可用特殊疑问句形式，选择项之间用or 连接。‎ What would you like, tea or milk? I’d like tea.‎ Do you like tea or milk? I like milk.‎ l 反意疑问句 通常在陈述句之后加上一个与之意思相反的简短问句构成，主要是说话者对所叙述的情况有一定看法后，想通过一个问句来获得进一步肯定。‎ You can ride a bike, can’t you?‎ They are having a good time, aren’t they?‎ （1） 感叹句 感叹句是抒发强烈情感的句子，如欢乐，愤怒，惊奇等。What 和how 常用来引导感叹句。‎ How careful you are!‎ What a wonderful movie!‎ （2） 祈使句 用来表示请求，命令，劝告，建议等的句子叫祈使句。祈使句一般没有时态，也不用情态动词，只需要动词原形来表示即可。‎ Be careful! ‎ Don’t swim in the lake.‎ Please open the window.‎ 根据句子结构划分，句型又可分为简单句，并列句和复合句 （1） 简单句 句子如果只包含一个主谓结构就是简单句，但是它也可包含定语等其他成分。‎ Tom loves singing very much.‎ The weather gets longer and longer.‎ （2） 并列句 由两个或两个以上的简单句并列而成，并用分号或并列连词相连接。‎ This book is Jim’s and that one is mine.‎ Jane played the piano and Amy danced at the birthday party.‎ （3） 复合句 复合句由一个主句和一个及以上从句构成。从句也是一个完整的句子，充当主句的某种成分，如 状语从句，宾语从句，表语从句等等。‎ We will go for a picnic if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.‎ I am reading when my mother comes in.‎ Mary didn’t go to school because she was ill.‎ 三. 六种基本句型 ‎ A. S + V (主语 + 谓语) 此类句型中的动词谓语都是不及物动词，可以单独表达完整的意思。 后面不接宾语，但是可以接副词等状语。‎ ‎ 常见的不及物动词有：arrive, wait，come，go, laugh, rise, begin等等 ‎1. 我每天六点起床 ‎ ‎2. 她舞跳得很好 ‎ ‎3. 你走开 ‎ ‎ S V ‎ Time flies。 ‎ ‎ Class begins。‎ ‎ The sun rises.‎ ‎ I am crying.‎ B. S + V + P (主语 + 系动词 + 表语) 系动词不能完整地表达一个意思，必须在后面接上表明主语身份或状态的词才能表达完整的意思。‎ 1. 我又累又饿 ‎ 2. 他觉得很开心 ‎ 3. 这鱼闻起来真香 ‎ 系动词包含 be 动词，smell， look，sound，taste，feel，keep等表状态，以及 go, turn, get, become, grow等表变化。‎ ‎ S V P ‎ This is an English book.‎ ‎ The dress looks beautiful.‎ The weather becomes warm.‎ Her face turns red.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ C. S + V + O ( 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 ) 谓语动词具有实际意义，表明主语发出的动作，但不能表达完整的意思。所以这类词之后必须接宾语才能意思完整。这类动词叫及物动词。‎ ‎1.他找不到他的书 ‎ ‎2.昨晚我看了一本书 ‎ ‎3.我想要果汁 ‎ ‎ S V O ‎ Who knows the answer? ‎ ‎ Mum made a cake.‎ I understand English.‎ ‎ Jane likes playing games. ‎ D. S + V + IO + DO (主语 + 谓语 + 间宾 + 直宾) 谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个宾语是谓语动词的直接承受着，一个是间接承受者。当间接承受者谓语后面时，前面通常加上介词。放前面是，介词省略。‎ ‎ 常用的带双宾的动词有：take…to…, pass…to…, show…to…, give…to…, buy…for…‎ ‎ cook…for…, make…for…‎ S V IO DO S V DO IO He showed me some pictures. = He showed some pictures to me Mum bought me a dress. = Mum bought a dress for me.‎ Jane sent Mary a postcard. = Jane sent a postcard to Mary ‎ 请递给我米饭1. 2. ‎ 爸爸给了我一件礼物1. ‎ ‎2. ‎ 奶奶为我做了美味的晚餐 1. ‎ ‎ 2. ‎ ‎1. 太阳使我们温暖 ‎ ‎ ‎2. 我们保持教室干净 ‎ ‎ ‎3. 我发现他今天很开心 ‎ ‎ E．S + V + O + OC ( 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 +宾补) 动词虽然是及物动词，但是接了宾语之后仍然不能表达完整的意思，必须在后面增加一个补充成分来对宾语进行说明意思才能完整，这个成分叫宾语补足语。‎ S V O OC The party makes us excited. ‎ You should keep the room clean. ‎ Dad asked me not to go out. ‎ I see them swimming.‎ F．There be 句型 也叫存在句。指“某个时间或某个地点有什么人或什么事”‎ 注意“就近原则”的使用，‎ There is a cat in the tree./ There are some people in the park.‎ 我们教室里有两幅地图 ‎ 动物园里人山人海。 ‎ 明天有一个班会。 ‎ 一、请判断下列句子的结构类型：‎ ‎1. He is running. ‎ ‎2. The loud noise made him angry. ‎ ‎3. The little boy is asking the teacher some questions.‎ ‎4. She is angry.‎ ‎5 .My father bought me a beautiful present.‎ ‎6. Why do you keep your eyes closed？‎ ‎7. Will you tell us an exciting story？ ‎ ‎8. We must keep our classroom clean.‎ ‎9. I heard the baby crying in the sitting room.‎ ‎10. Can you open the window？‎ 四． 如何为写作做准备 ‎ 英语考试中的书面表达题，旨在考察学生的英语基础知识水平和综合运用英语进行口头表达的能力。为了能顺利通过书面表达这一关，平时要做好以下几点：‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 加强词汇， 语法等语言基础的积累。‎ ‎ 词汇是语言的基本单位，是组次成文的基础。所以在平时要多学，多记，多用词汇及搭配使用。句型是英语学习的重要组成部分，在平时的学习中，要坚持背诵和熟记常用句型和典型句子；要利用自己所学的句型进行模仿造句，做到举一反三；还要多进行句子的翻译练习。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 坚持做组句成文练习。‎ ‎ 组句成文练习是真正惊醒书面表达的前期训练。平时可以在老师的指导下，把一些无序的句子，根据情节，时间等重新组成短文，也可将课文问题答案串联起来形成一篇短文。‎ ‎ 坚持写英语日记。‎ 写英语日记是提高书面表达能力的有效途径之一。把每天想到的，看到的，学到的，经历过的事用所学英语记录下来，写后可做适当修改。长期坚持，必定有益。‎ ‎ 多做改写，仿写练习 ‎ 模仿别人的文章写作是根据自己的实际情况，对自己熟悉的课文和习作加以换词换句的修改。必要时加以润色和发挥。建议一开始写不好英文作文的同学从模仿别人的文章开始写，循序渐进。‎ 多背诵好的篇章，段落。‎ ‎ 常言道“熟读唐诗三百首，不会写诗也会吟”。朗读是接触和吸收语言最好最主要的途径。在阅读中熟记好的表达方式，优美的句子，常用的短语，追渐积累，就会大大丰富书面表达的材料。 ‎ ‎ 五 选词 ‎ 1. 选词的基本原则 在初学英文写作时，用词上应以准确，符合语法，力求变化为原则。‎ （1） 选择易懂，常用的词 初学写作应尽量使用易懂，常用的词汇。普通次直截了当，容易理解。‎ （2） 选用具体，确切的词。‎ 从语义上看，词可分为两类：抽象笼统的词和具体个性的词。如写某人职业时，尽量不用worker, 而用 farmer, doctor, teacher等具体化的词；如描述某个人时，尽量不用good, 而用friendly, kind, smart, clever, nice等等。‎ （3） 注意用词的变化。‎ 写文章时避免反复使用同一词语，这样会造成文章单调，枯燥无味。准确使用英语中的同义词可以给读者一种清新之感。‎ ‎ e.g. I like playing basketball; my sister enjoys listening to music; my father loves watching TV and my mother prefers reading.‎ ‎ （4） 学会“迂回”表达。‎ ‎ 在写作时，常常会遇到这样的情况，有些说法很难找到一个相对应的英文表达。这时，千万不要为一个自己不会的单词而绞尽脑汁或用韩语硬译。我们可以利用近义词，反义词和类似结构来表达同一个意思，学会“根据语境表达和一句多译”。‎ ‎ （5） 用词要规范贴切。‎ ‎ 所谓规范是指所选的词语应该要合乎习惯的，现代的，通用的。如汉字中表示“看书”，“看电视”，“看黑板”，我们都用一个“看”字，但在英语中，却要分别使用“read”, “watch”, “look at”.‎ ‎ e.g. let’s go to see the movies.‎ ‎ Look at the blackboard, please.‎ ‎ Don’t read in the sun.‎ ‎ Many children like watching TV.‎ ‎2． 一些用词不当的句子剖析 l 我可以借用一下你的电话吗？‎ ‎ ［误］May I borrow your telephone?‎ ‎ ［正］May I use your telephone?‎ ‎ Borrow 的意思是从别人那里借入某物，用一段时间再归还。而借用电话实际上是使用电话，打电话的人并不是要把电话借走一段时间。‎ l 请把电灯打开。‎ ‎ ［误］ Open the light, please.‎ ‎ ［正］ Turn on the light, please.‎ ‎ 打开“灯， 电视机，收音机，自来水，煤气等”要用“Turn on”，关掉要用“turn off”， 打开“门，窗，书等”可用“open”，关上用“close”。‎ l ‎“你在干什么？” “我在看报”‎ ‎ ［误］“What are you doing?” “I’m seeing the newspaper.”‎ ‎［正］“What are you doing?” “I’m reading the newspaper.”‎ ‎ “see” 表示“看见” ，表示看的结果，但看电影也可用“see movies”， 但是看书，看报的意思是“读”， 所以只可用“read”。‎ l 天要下雨了，把雨衣带上吧。‎ ‎［误］It’s going to rain. Bring a coat with you.‎ ‎［正］It’s going to rain. Take a coat with you.‎ ‎ Bring和 take 都有“带，拿”之意，但前者指“带来”，后者指“带走”。‎ ‎ 出门带上雨伞指的是“带走”，所以用“take”。‎ l 他将送我一本书。‎ ‎ ［误］He will send me a book.‎ ‎ ［正］He will give me a book.‎ ‎ Send 做“寄，送”讲时，是通过派人将物品等传递给某人或到某处。并无“赠送”之意，而“give”就有这个意思。‎ ‎3.用词累赘现象的错误句子剖析 l 这是一部非常精彩的电影。‎ ‎ ［误］This is a very wonderful movie.‎ ‎［正］This is a wonderful movie.‎ ‎ “wonderful” 已经含有“极精彩，非常精彩”之意，如果再用“very”修饰，就显得重复累赘，所以要去掉。‎ l 咱们步行去车站吧！‎ ‎［误］Let’s walk to the station on foot!‎ ‎［正］Let’s walk to the station ! Let’s go to the station on foot!‎ ‎ “walk”本身有“步行”之意，和“go on foot” 是同义词，两者不能一起使用。‎ l 大家都非常喜欢这个小孩。‎ ‎ ［误］Everyone all like the child very much.‎ ‎［正］Everyone likes the child very much.‎ ‎［正］All of us like the child very much.‎ Everyone 就有“每人，大家”的意思，用了everyone就不能再用all了。‎ ‎4.除了以上这些常见的错误之外，在作文中还应该注意词性的正确使用，如动词的时态，动词和名词，表动作和表状态的词，以及代词的主格和宾格，形代和名代的区别使用等等。‎ l ‎“今天早上“ 是“this morning” 不是“today morning”‎ l ‎“跳水” 是“dive” 不是“ jump water”‎ l ‎“学费” 是“fee” 不是 “study money”‎ l ‎“天气很热” 是“It is very hot.”不是“ the weather is very hot”.‎ ‎5. 句子的衔接 ‎ 要使文章通顺流畅，层次清楚，就必须恰当的使用过渡词。下面我们一起来认识一下常见的过渡词。‎ l 表时间 now, then, soon, just now, before long, …minutes later, when, after…‎ l 表顺序及过程 first，second，then, next, at last, at first…‎ l 表转折 but，however，instead，though， although l 表结果 so, so...that…, so that, because ‎ l 表递进 and, what’s more, even, besides, what’s worse l 表解释说明 for example, such as, in one’s opinion, that is to say l 表总结 finally， in a word, in short, in the end, in all, in conclusion…‎ A friend in need is a friend indeed. ‎ ‎ 患难见真情。‎ All is not gold that glitters.‎ 不是所有金子都发光。‎ An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening.‎ 一日之计在于晨。‎ No pains, no gains.‎ 不劳则不获。‎ Practice makes perfect.‎ 熟能生巧。‎ Where there is a will, there is a way.‎ 有志者，事竟成。‎ Don’t put off till tomorrow what should be done today.‎ 今日事，今日毕。‎ Easier said than done.‎ 说起来容易做起来难。‎ Better late than never.‎ 迟到总比不到好。‎ ‎6. 作文必备的谚语和习语 ‎ It’s hard sailing when there is no wind. 无风难驶船。 The path to glory is always rugged. 通向光荣的道路常常是崎岖的。 Living without an aim is like sailing ‎ without a compass. 没有目标的生活如同没有罗盘的航行。 The on-looker sees most of the game. 旁观者清。 Joys shared with others are more enjoyed. 与众同乐，其乐更乐。 Happiness takes no account of time. 欢乐不觉日子长。 Time and tide waits for no man. 岁月不等人。 If you want knowledge, you must ‎ toil for it. ‎ ‎ 若要求知，必须刻苦。 ‎ ‎7.实战练习 我的姐姐是一名中学英语教师，个子不高，戴一副眼镜。她工作努力，经常帮助需要帮助的人。热爱关心学生。能歌善舞，喜欢打乒乓球。今年将去四川做一名志愿者（volunteer）.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 以“my hometown”为题,根据提示，写一篇作文。‎ ‎ 我的家乡海口位于中国南方，城市不大，但很美丽。这里夏季气候炎热多雨，但冬季却很暖和。而且这里有很多名胜，是人们旅游观光的最好去处。每年都有很多游客来到这里。近年来，它的变化非常的大，我希望它越来越好。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 每个家庭都有许多的家务，人人都应该学做一些。谈谈你经常帮父母做那些家务，有什么体会，并打算在暑假为家里做些什么。‎ ‎（every family，lots of housework, learn to do, help, parents, feel proud of）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 加入你是林涛，你原来的身体状况不好，经常感冒，经过一段时间的体育锻炼，你感到身体好了，学习效率也提高了不少。就“Sports and Health”‎ 为题谈谈你的感受。‎ ‎（weak ， have a cold, take exercise, feel better,）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎