专题06+形容词和副词-2019届高考英语热门考点全攻略

专题06+形容词和副词-2019届高考英语热门考点全攻略

‎2019届高考英语热门考点全攻略 专题06 形容词和副词 命题探究 ‎（解析版）‎ 命题探究 命题解读 命题规律 题型 ‎2016课标1‎ ‎2016新课标2‎ ‎2015课标1‎ ‎2015课标2‎ ‎2014课标1‎ ‎2014课标2‎ 考法说明 形容词和副词 ‎1.形容词、副词基本用法；2.形容词、副词比较级和最高级；3.形容词和副词构词法 语篇型语法填空 officially(official)‎ regularly(regular)‎ greater(great)‎ ‎(a few hours) before/earlier regularly(regular)‎ slowly(slow)‎ actually(actual)‎ cleaner(clean)‎ patient(patience)‎ suddenly(sudden)‎ 1. 语法填空、短文改错对形容词、副词的考查主要集中在adj/adv之间的转化，注意一些不规则的；‎ 2. 常用易混淆的形容词和副词（如many和much，somewhere和everywhere，before和ago）也是重点考查的内容；‎ ‎3.级别的变化，‎ 短文改错 steady→steadily ‎---‎ seriously→serious Much→Many 去掉very ‎ terrible→terribly before→ago somewhere→everywhere taste→tasty wonderfully→wonderful many→much helpfully→helpful ‎2017新课标：‎ 全国1：语法填空：(bad) worse 短文改错：删掉much ‎ (care) careful late –later ‎ sudden --suddenly 全国2：语法填空：(fair) fairly 短文改错：interesting – interested ‎ (success) successful earlier – early ‎ ‎2018新课标：‎ 全国1：语法填空：(long) longer; (energy) energetic 短文改错：here—there; happy—happily ‎ 全国2：语法填空：(actual) actually; (globe) global 短文改错：--‎ 考点精讲 一、形容词 ‎（一）形容词的基本用法 ‎1. 形容词作前置定语：These are valuable suggestions.‎ ‎2. 形容词作表语：His suggestions are very valuable.‎ ‎3. 形容词作宾补：I consider his suggestion very valuable.‎ ‎4. 形容词短语作后置定语：This is a book suitable for children.‎ ‎5. 表语形容词作后置定语：He is the happier person alive. （asleep, alive等）‎ ‎6.形容词修饰复合不定代词，作后置定语：Do you have anything important to tell me?‎ ‎7. 形容词作状语：He returned home, safe and sound.‎ ‎8. 形容词短语作状语：He is standing there, full of fear.‎ ‎* 总结（务必掌握）‎ ‎（1）修饰名词<一般前置，也可后置>‎ ‎（2）位于系动词之后 ‎（3）修饰不定代词，后置 ‎（二）形容词比较级和最高级的构成规则 ‎1. 规则变化 构成 原级 比较级 最高级 一般加-er/-est strong stronger strongest 以字母e结尾只加-r/-st late later latest 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写词尾后再加-er/-est glad hot thin gladder hotter thinner gladdest hottest thinnest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，将y变成i，再加-er/-est angry ugly early angrier uglier earlier angriest ugliest earliest 其他双音节词和多音节词，在词前加more/most enthusiastic more enthusiastic most enthusiastic 注意：‎ ‎（1）词尾为“元音字母+y”时，y不变，直接加-er/-est。‎ 例：gray-grayer-grayest ‎（2）有少数几个双音节以及以-er及-le结尾的词，可以有两种比较级和最高级的形式.‎ 例：common-commoner/more common（最高级变化相同）‎ clever-cleverer/more clever（最高级变化相同）‎ simple-simpler/more simple ‎（3）在原级形容词之前加less, least而构成的比较级与最高级成为“较低级”与“最低级”形式。‎ 例：kind-less kind-least kind useful-less useful-least useful ‎（4）一些复合形容词的比较等级 例：well-known → better-known → best-known ‎（5）有些形容词没有程度可分或者形容词本身就表示某种程度，故没有比较级和最高级。‎ 例：right, wrong, excellent, final, last, possible, first, east, empty, wooden, favorite等。常考的有favourite, [senior, junior, superior, inferior]等。‎ ‎（6）使用比较级的标志词：much, even, still, yet, far, a little/bit, rather等。使用最高级的标志：the very, the, the+序数词，of all/three, in+范围等。‎ ‎（7）常见的原级、比较级和最高级句型结构 ‎① as…as 和…一样；not as…as 不如 ‎② the比较级，the比较级 ‎③ 比较级+比较级，如better and better ‎④ more than 多于 – less than 少于 ‎ not more than 不多于（至多）-- not less than不少于（至少）‎ ‎⑤ 否定+比较级=最高级，如not more careful = the most careful ‎2. 不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good, well better best bad, ill worse worst little less least much, many more most far farther（距离更远）‎ further（可以指距离远，更多的指：深入的）‎ farthest furthest old older（指年龄、新旧，较老的；还可以指血缘中年纪较长的）‎ elder（只指血缘中，年纪较长）‎ oldest eldest ‎（三）构成形容词的常见后缀 ‎1. 名词+y sun—sunny, wind—windy, fun—funny, fog—foggy, rain—rainy ‎2. 动词+able advise—advisable, comfort—comfortable ‎3. 名词+al nation—national, education—educational, nature—natural, addition—additional ‎4. 名词+en wood—wooden, gold—golden ‎5. 动词+ent differ—different, insist—insistent ‎6. 名词+ish fool—foolish, self—selfish, child—childish ‎7. 动词+ive act—active, impress—impressive ‎8. 名词+ful power—powerful, peace—peaceful, beauty—beautiful, wonder—wonderful, help—helpful, faith—faithful, shame—shameful, thank—thankful ‎9. 名词+ous danger—dangerous, courage—courageous, fame—famous, envy—envious ‎10. 名词+ly（必须记住这些以ly结尾的形容词）‎ friend—friendly, order—orderly, time—timely（及时的）, month—monthly, year—yearly, day—daily 其他的常见的以ly结尾的形容词：lively, lonely, ugly, lovely, early*, deadly 二、副词 ‎（一）副词的基本用法 副词常用来作状语，修饰动词、形容词、其他副词、整个句子。其位置一般为：‎ ‎①在行为动词前或后 ‎②在所修饰的形容词、副词、句子之前 ‎③enough放在所修饰形容词或副词的后面 ‎④频度副词常放在be动词、情态动词之后，行为动词之前。‎ 例：‎ He studies very hard. （副词very修饰另一个副词hard；副词hard修饰动词studies）‎ She is a very smart girl. （副词修饰形容词）‎ Fortunately, his stepmother was kind to him. （副词修饰整个句子）‎ ‎（二）副词的比较级和最高级 规则变化与形容词规则相同；不规则变化也基本相同。‎ ‎（三）形容词+ly构成副词的规则 情况 构成 例词 一般情况 加-ly quick—quickly brave—bravely immediate—immediately 辅音字母+y结尾 将y改为i，再加-ly easy—easily happy—happily heavy—heavily busy—busily le结尾 去e加-y simple—simply gentle—gently comfortable—comfortably 元音字母+e结尾 去e加-ly true—truly ll结尾 只加-y full—fully dull—dully ic结尾 加-ally basic—basically scientific--scientifically 专项精练 一、单句填空 1. Each age has its own pleasure and its own pains. The happiest people enjoy what each age gives them without wasting their time in ________ (use) regrets.‎ 1. Everyone knows it’s _______ (danger) to be a firefighter. But he was always liked it and has done it for 12 years.‎ 2. It was really a _______(value) experience to us all, enriching our life in a positive way.‎ 3. I have a habit of taking a coffee, which makes me feel _______ (energy) when I have to stay up late.‎ 4. I’m not a little tired today after giving the room a thorough cleaning and I have never had as _______ (tire) a day as today.‎ 5. ‎________ (frank) speaking, I’m scared to death about it.‎ 6. In no way am I saying that taking a selfie is a gateway to confidence. _______, the selfie does deserve some credit for allowing individuals to express themselves.‎ 7. The river was so polluted that it _______ (actual) caught fire and burned.‎ 8. While there are _______ (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.‎ 9. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and ________ (disappoint).‎ 10. Chinese Internet users are highly ______ (create) in their use of language, and are constantly inventing.‎ 11. ‎______ (neat) dressed and a little bit frightened, they are determined to show that they have a good attitude and the ability to succeed.‎ 12. The _________ (educate) person, on the other hand, is either unable to do something new, or just does badly.‎ 13. The purpose of schools, ________, is not to teach languages, arithmetic, history science, ect, but to teach pupils the way to learn.‎ 14. All the meals are offered at a _________ (reason) price and you can also get room service if you want.‎ 15. What is the ________ (value) contribution employees make to their companies, knowledge or judgment?‎ 16. Mother remarried, and things became even _______ (difficult) for me.‎ 17. ‎_______ (fortunate), I then noticed that that I had just 10 minutes left to complete the rest!‎ 1. If you teach your children not to fear a mistake of failure, they will learn _______ (fast) and achieve success at last.‎ 2. The story touched me so _______ (deep) that it is useless to find out what relationship they had between them.‎ ‎【答案解析】‎ ‎3.valuable，考察形容词形和词义变形，形容词修饰名词。句义：这对我们来说是一次宝贵的经验，以一种积极的方式丰富我们的生活。‎ ‎4.energetic，考察形容词形和词义变形，系动词后接形容词。句义：我有喝咖啡的习惯，当我不得不熬夜到很晚，咖啡让我觉得精力充沛。‎ ‎5.tired，考察形容词形和词义变形，as...as句型。句义：今天彻底打扫过房间后我并不觉得累，并且我从未感觉过像今天一样。‎ ‎6.Frankly，副词位于句首修饰句子。句义：坦白地说，关于死亡我很害怕。‎ ‎7.However，考察形容词形和词义变形。句义：我绝不会说自拍会是一种自信的方式。然而，自拍确实会帮助个体更自信地表达自己。‎ ‎8.actually，副词修饰动词。句义：这条河受到如此污染，以至于其引发了火灾，燃烧了起来。‎ ‎9.amazing，形容词修饰名词。句义：尽管对于即时消息都会有一些令人吃惊的故事，但是对于我们大部分人来说，这些变化是逐渐的，需要大量的努力和工作，就像清理一条污染的河。‎ ‎10.disappointed，考察形容词变形。句义：很多在车站等车，其中的一些人看起来有点焦虑和失望。‎ ‎11.creative，考察系动词后接形容词。句义：中国互联网用户在使用语言时很富有创造力，而且还在不断地更新。‎ ‎12.Neatly，考察副词修饰形容词。句义：整洁地打扮一番，有些许害怕，他们下决心要展现出良好的态度和成功的能力。‎ ‎13.uneducated，形容词修饰名词。句义：另一方面，未受过教育的人要么不能做出一些新的事物，要么就做的不好。‎ ‎14.However，考察副词。句义：然而，学校的目的并不仅仅是教授语言、算数、历史、科 ‎ ‎20deeply，考察副词修饰动词。句义：这个故事深深地打动了我，以至于弄清他们之间的关系都显得没必要。‎ 二、单句改错 1. He was great surprised when his wife pointed to the watch on the table.‎ 2. The more they know about the importance of culture protection, the strong support we can get from the public.‎ 3. She told us to decide how usefully they were to us personally.‎ 4. To my greatly relief, he brought textbooks with him and helped me with my lessons.‎ 5. I was real nervous when I got to my new school.‎ 6. I thought he must be total crazy.‎ 7. Seen from the top of the mountain, the city was extreme beautiful.‎ 8. The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste.‎ 9. That is too much for us, considering how closely the houses are.‎ 10. I noticed that the carriage was noise and filled with people.‎ 11. No one in the carriage had previous spoken to or even noticed the ticket-owner before.‎ 12. Interesting, it had a connection with the British porcelain industry.‎ 13. After waiting for about half an hour, I was beginning to get impatiently.‎ 14. Therefore, I told them interested stories and how I was enjoying Brazil.‎ 15. Smiling as often as possible can help you stay happily and forget your troubles.‎ 16. After having sports, they are too exciting for a long time to focus attention on their lessons.‎ 17. You may be surprising that the palaces in the Forbidden City have 9999 rooms altogether and as you know in China, “nine” is regarded as the lucky number.‎ 18. When you are washing dishes, use some pieces of paper tp clean them first, and then use water to wash them, which will save many water.‎ 19. I felt so nervous that I even couldn’t eat or sleep, thus making me very sleep in class.‎ 20. I feel it difficult to learn words by heart, and that I am often nervously when speaking English.‎ ‎【答案解析】‎ 1. great--greatly，考察副词修饰形容词surprised 1. strong--stronger, 考察比较级，句型：the+比较级，the+比较级 ‎7.extreme--extremely，考察副词修饰形容词beautiful ‎8.taste--tasty, 考察名词和形容词词形混淆，“美味的”tasty ‎9.closely--close，考察系动词后接形容词，根据the houses are判断 ‎10.noise--noisy，考察词形混淆，“吵杂的”noisy ‎11.previous--previously，考察副词修饰动词had spoken ‎12.Interesting--Interestingly，考察副词修饰句子 ‎13.impatiently--impatient，考察系动词get后接形容词 ‎14.interested--interesting，考察ing和ed形容词用法。ind修饰物，ed修饰人，此处修饰stories ‎15.happily--happy，考察系动词stay（保持）后接形容词 ‎16.exciting--excited，考察ing和ed形容词用法，此处修饰人they ‎17.surprising--surprised，考察ing和ed形容词用法，此处修饰人you ‎18.many--much，考察many修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词。此处修饰water，不可数 ‎19.sleep--sleepy，考察词性，此处根据make sb + adj.可知用形容词 ‎ ‎20.nervously--nervous，考察系动词后接形容词 综合演练 一、阅读理解 ‎ People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions — and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why. ‎ ‎ Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning ‎ evenly(均匀的) across a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes. ‎ ‎ "We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions," Jack said. "Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽略) the mouth. "‎ ‎ According to Jack and her colleagues, the discovery shows that human communication of emotion is more complex than previously believed. As a result, facial expressions that had been considered universally recognizable cannot be used to reliably convey emotion in cross-cultural situations. ‎ ‎ The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of. expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies. ‎ ‎ It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than did Westerners. "The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions," Jack said. "Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less. "‎ ‎ In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion. From here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation. ‎ ‎1. The discovery shows that Westerners . ‎ ‎ A. pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth ‎ B. consider facial expressions universally reliable ‎ C. observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways ‎ D. have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】根据第三段 “Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners ‎ favor the eyes and neglect (忽略) the mouth. ” 可以得出答案 ‎2. What were the people asked to do in the study?‎ A. To make a face at each other. B. To get their faces impressive. ‎ C. To classify some face pictures. D. To observe the researchers' faces. ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎3. What does the underlined word "they" in Paragraph 6 refer to?‎ A. The participants in the study. ‎ B. The researchers of the study. ‎ C. The errors made during the study. ‎ D. The data collected from the study. ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】根据定语从句 “that they show”所修饰的 eye movements 在研究中为the participants 所作（从the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people”可知）可判断选A ‎4. In comparison with Westerners, Easterners are likely to . ‎ A. do translation more successfully B. study the mouth more frequently C. examine the eyes more attentively D. read facial expressions more correctly ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】根据第六段 “It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than did Westerners. ”可判断选C ‎5. What can be the best title for the passage?‎ A. The Eye as the Window to the Soul B. Cultural Differences in Reading Emotions C. Effective Methods to Develop Social Skills D. How to Increase Cross-cultural Understanding ‎ ‎【答案】B 二、 短文改错 Good morning，everyone. It's great honor for me to speak here. My name's Li Xiao jun，born in a harmonious family .My father and mother are all high school teachers. Influenced by them，I read widely during my early age，but I've developed a great interest in arts and sports. I'm easy－going，get along well with my classmates.‎ It is this personality which helps me win over all my classmates' friendships，and also help me overcome many difficulties both in academic and personal life. Being admitted in your university has always been a beautiful dream for me. I dream constantly that I，along with mine classmates，will study happy with the help of the respectable professors. I dream that I will swim freely in the sea，enjoying the waves of knowledge.‎ I hope all my dream will come true in the near future. Thank you.‎ ‎【答案解析】‎ ‎1．解析　考查抽象名词具体化。honor此处用作可数名词。‎ 答案　It's ∧a ‎2．解析　考查不定代词的用法。爸爸和妈妈，是两个人。both两者都；all 三者或以上都。‎ 答案　all→both或去掉all ‎3．解析　考查行文间的逻辑关系。根据意思，两个分句之间是并列关系。‎ 答案　but→and ‎4．解析　考查非谓语动词或动词的用法。前面是系表结构，故get应当为非谓语形式getting，也可理解为并列谓语，故也可添加and。 ‎ 答案　get→getting/and get ‎5．解析　考查强调句型。这里是强调结构，强调主语this personality。‎ 答案　which→that ‎9．解析　考查形容词与副词的转换。副词作状语，修饰动词study。‎ 答案　happy→happily ‎10．解析　考查语境中名词的用法。dream为可数名词，限定词all之后的可数名词要用复数形式。‎ 答案　dream→dreams