2017届高考英语（人教版）一轮教师文档讲义：选修8+unit+5

2017届高考英语（人教版）一轮教师文档讲义：选修8+unit+5

‎ [话题素材——古代文化]‎ 好词 ‎1．historian n. 历史学家 ‎2．dynasty n. 朝代 ‎3．ancient adj. 古代的 ‎4．civilized adj. 文明的 ‎5．hardship n. 苦难 ‎6．cultural gap 文化差异 ‎7．originate from 起源于 ‎8．come into being 形成；产生；出现 ‎9．historic relics 历史遗产 ‎10．date back to/date from 追溯到 ‎11．in memory of 为了纪念 ‎12．pass down 传递；使流传 ‎13．look back at history 回顾历史 ‎14．settle in 定居；安顿下来 ‎15．ancient society 古代社会 佳句 ‎1．Although_faced_with many problems, they didn't lose_heart.‎ 尽管面临许多问题，他们没有灰心。‎ ‎2．Life consists_of_not_only sunshine but_also hard times.‎ 生活包含的不仅仅是阳光，还有艰苦岁月。‎ ‎3．I find life an exciting business and most exciting when it is lived for others.‎ 我发现生活是令人激动的事情，尤其是为别人活着时。‎ ‎[精美语篇]‎ To the southwest of Beijing lies Zhoukoudian, where Peking Man are believed to have lived. They lived in the caves, regardless of the cold. They didn't have mats, blankets or quilts. But they made fires to cook the food, scare wild beasts away and keep warm.‎ Peking Man didn't grow their own crops but picked fruit when it ripened and hunted animals with a spear. They used the sharpened stone tools to cut up animals and remove their skin, onto which they rubbed an ample amount of salt to make it soft. They used a needle, which was at most three centimeters long, to make clothes made from the skins. They even wore a primitive necklace, which was made of seashells.‎ Peking Man suffered from cold, starvation and diseases. However, the discovery of the cave made by archeologists is of great significance to the study of human history.‎ ‎ 高频单词 ‎1．alternative (n.) 可能的选择 (adj.) 供选择的；其他的 ‎2．interrupt (vt.& vi.) 打断……讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止 ‎3．acute (adj.) 有观察力的；敏锐的；严重的；深刻的 ‎4．assume (vt.) 假定；设想；承担→assumption (n.) 假定 ‎5．significance (n.) 意义；意思；重要性；重要意义→significant (adj.) 重要的 ‎6．somehow (adv.) 以……方式；不知怎么地 ‎7．delete (vt.) 删；删除 ‎8．applaud (vi.& vt.) 鼓掌欢迎；赞赏→applause (n.) 鼓掌 ‎9．accelerate (vi.&vt.) 加速；促进→acceleration (n.) 加速 ‎10．arrest (vt.) 逮捕；吸引 (n.) 逮捕；拘留 ‎11．starvation (n.) 挨饿；饿死→starve (vi.) 挨饿；饿死 ‎12．accuracy (n.) 精确；准确→accurate (adj.) 准确的；精确的 ‎13．messy (adj.) 凌乱的；脏的→mess (n.) 凌乱；脏 ‎14．sharpen (vi.&vt.) (使)锋利，尖锐；清晰→sharp (adj.) 锋利的，尖锐的→sharpener (n.) 磨具，削具 ‎15．division (n.) 分割；划分；分配→divide (vt.) 划分；隔开；分割 ‎16．ripe (adj.) 成熟的→ripen (v.) 使……成熟；成熟 ‎17．receptionist (n.) 接待员→receive (v.) 收到；接待→reception (n.) 接待处；欢迎 ‎ 重点短语 ‎1．regardless_of　　　　　　　　　 不管；不顾 ‎2．at_most 至多；最多 ‎3．cut_up 切碎 ‎4．be_fed_up_with 受够了；饱受；厌烦 ‎5．look_ahead 向前看；为将来打算 ‎6．date_back_to 追溯到……‎ ‎7．arrest_sb._for... 因……而逮捕某人 ‎8．with_relief 欣慰地；轻松地 ‎9．be_proud_of 以……为骄傲 ‎10．turn_to_sb._for_help 向某人求助 ‎11．keep_out 阻止进入 ‎12．have_no_alternative_but_to_do... 别无选择，只好……‎ ‎ 热点句型 ‎1．It seems (to sb.) that/as if...“(对某人来说)似乎……”，as if后边可用虚拟语气 It_seems_that (看起来似乎) they used the sharpened stone tools to cut up animals and ‎ remove their skin.(教材P38)‎ ‎2．as 引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句的内容，“正如，正像”‎ Yes, indeed, as_the_botanical_analyses_have_shown_us (正如植物学的分析结果已经向我们展示的), all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.(教材P39)‎ ‎3．if only 虚拟语气表示“要是……就好了”‎ If_only (要是……就好了)it could be just like last year！(教材P43)‎ ‎4．“had＋过去分词．..when...”表示“刚刚……这时……”‎ She had_almost_reached (就要到达) her destination when(这时)a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped.(教材P43)‎ ‎5．only to do表示意想不到的或令人失望的结果，意思是“结果却……”‎ Abruptly she sat down, only_to_be_scooped_up (结果却被……搂了起来)by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna.(教材P43)‎ ‎ 教材复现 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎1．It is a great pleasure to meet you students from England, ________ are interested in archaeology.‎ 答案：who　who引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中充当主语，先行词为互为同位语的you students。‎ ‎2．You must be aware that it's here ________ we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world.‎ 答案：that　be aware that后的从句为强调句，故填that，被强调部分为地点状语here。‎ ‎3．So we think it is reasonable ________ (assume) they lived in these caves, regardless ________ the cold.‎ 答案：to assume; of　第一空前的it为形式主语，真正主语为不定式to assume；第二空为固定短语regardless of“不管；不顾”。‎ ‎4．They couldn't have mats, blankets or quilts like we do. It must ________ (be) very uncomfortable.‎ 答案：have been　由前一句可知此处表示对过去事实的肯定推测，应填have been。‎ ‎5．They might have kept the fire ________ (burn) all winter.‎ 答案：burning　keep...doing“让……一直……”。‎ ‎6．We haven't found any doors but we think they might have hung animal skins at the cave mouth to keep ________ the cold during the freezing winter.‎ 答案：out　keep out“使……留在外面；阻止……入内”。‎ ‎7．We know that they moved around, ________ (follow) the herds of animals.‎ 答案：following　主语we与follow之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语，表主动。‎ ‎8．That's ________ they are called hunters and gatherers.‎ 答案：why　That's why...“那就是……的原因”。‎ ‎9．She had almost reached her destination ________ a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped.‎ 答案：when　had done...when...“刚做完……这时……”。‎ ‎10．Lala smiled and handed some stone scrapers over to Dahu, ________ smiled and went outside the cave to begin his task.‎ 答案：who　该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为Dahu指人，且从句中缺少主语，故应填who。‎ ‎1　　alternative　adj.供选择的；其他的　n．可能的选择；选择对象 Can you think of the alternatives we would use today？(P37)‎ 你能想到我们今天可供利用的办法吗？‎ ‎(1)have no alternative/choice but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事 have the alternative of doing sth. 有做某事的选择 there's no alternative... ……别无选择 an alternative to... ……的替代品 ‎(2)alternatively adv.可供选择地 ‎①[2014·山东高考]If we expect people to give up the habit of driving, we must give them an_alternative they can rely on.‎ 如果我们期盼人们放弃开车的习惯，我们就必须给他们一种可以依赖的替代品。‎ ‎②[2014·江苏高考]This—the alternative use of your cash and time—is the opportunity cost.‎ 这——对您的现金和时间的选择使用——就是机会成本。‎ ‎③I'm afraid I have_no_alternative_but_to_report you to the police.‎ 恐怕除了向警方告发你以外，我别无选择了。‎ ‎2　　interrupt　vt.& vi.打断……讲话；暂时中断或中止 I'm sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here？(P38)‎ 对不起，打断了你的讲话，但是他们怎么能够住在这个地方呢？‎ ‎(1)interrupt sb./sth. (with sth.) (因某事)打断某人/某事 ‎(2)interruption n. 打扰；插嘴；打岔；阻断物 without interruption 连续地；不断地 ‎①[2015·湖南高考]It interrupted the business of the hotel.‎ 它中断了酒店的业务。‎ ‎②[2014·北京高考]Just imagine not being able to do anything without being photographed or interrupted for a signature.‎ 想象一下随时被拍照，被打断要求签名的生活。‎ ‎③He has kept up physical training for several years without_interruption.‎ 他坚持锻炼多年，从未间断。‎ ‎3　　assume　vt.假定；设想；承担 So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold.(P38)‎ 所以我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒住在这些洞穴里。‎ ‎(1)assume sb./sth. to_be 假定/假设某人/某事为 It is assumed that... ……被认为……‎ ‎(2)assumption n. 假定；假设 make an assumption 认为；假定 on the assumption that... 假定……‎ ‎(3)assume/assuming (that)．.. 假设/假定……‎ ‎①[2013·安徽高考]Don't assume it is OK to be rude if the person you're in touch with won't recognize you.‎ 如果与你打交道的人没认出你，也不要认为粗鲁是没有关系的。‎ ‎②[牛津词典]It is reasonable to assume_that the economy will continue to improve.‎ 认为经济将持续好转是有道理的。‎ ‎③[必背佳句]It_is generally assumed_that stress is caused by too much work.‎ 普遍认为，紧张是由于工作过多导致。‎ ‎4　　significance　n．意义；重要性；重要意义 His university was aware of the significance of his work. (P40)‎ 他所在的大学知道他的工作的重要性。‎ ‎(1)be of (great/no/little) significance to... 对……(很/不/不太重要)‎ attach (great) significance to 认为……重要 ‎(2)significant adj. 重要的；明显的 be of significance＝be_significant 重要；有意义 It is significant that... 很明显……‎ 常见“be＋of＋抽象名词”的短语：‎ ‎①be of significance＝be significant ‎②be of importance＝be important ‎③be of value＝be valuable ‎④be of help＝be helpful ‎⑤be of use＝be useful ‎①[2014·安徽高考]An aim of the new museums is to study the significance of collecting.‎ 新博物馆的一个目的是研究收集的重要性。‎ ‎②[2014·湖北高考]In that sense, they argue, the elevator's role in American history has been no less significant than that of cars.‎ 从那种意义上说，他们认为，电梯在美国历史上的作用与汽车同样重要。‎ ‎③The plan to be carried out is_greatly_significant_to people's lives there.‎ ‎＝The plan to be carried out is_of_great_significance_to people's lives there.‎ 将被实施的这项计划对那里的人们的生活非常重要。‎ ‎5　　somehow　adv.以某种方式(或方法)；不知怎么地 Somehow he cycled thirty miles to Dr Black because there was no alternative means of transport. (P40)‎ 不管怎样他都会骑车去三十英里之外的布莱克博士那儿，因为没有其他可供选择的交通方式。‎ ‎①[2013·重庆高考]Both commentators, somehow,_are missing the point.‎ 不知怎么地，两位评论员都跑题了。‎ ‎②[朗文词典]Don't worry, we'll get the money back somehow.‎ 别担心，我们总会把那些钱设法拿回来的。‎ ‎③[必背佳句]As we all know, most of us middle school students feel somehow nervous whenever we're taking an important exam.‎ 众所周知，我们大多数中学生在要参加重要考试时，都会紧张。‎ 易混辨析 anyhow ‎＝anyway意为“无论如何”‎ somehow 意为“以某种方式”或“由于某种原因；不知怎么地”‎ somewhat 意为“有点；稍微”‎ ‎④用anyhow, somehow, somewhat填空 a．[2014·广东高考]I knew I wanted to make a difference in the world ________， but I had no idea how to do that.‎ b．[2014·湖南高考]In the mid1950s, I was a ________ bored earlyadolescent male student.‎ c．It was raining, but they played the game ________.‎ 答案：a.somehow　b．somewhat　c．anyhow 过关演练 单句语法填空 用括号内单词的正确形式填空 ‎1．[2015·湖北高考]On a mere 1/10 of an acre in Los Angeles, Loe and her family grow, can (装罐) and ________ (preservation) much of the food they consume.‎ 答案：preserve　and连接三个并列谓语动词。‎ ‎2．[2014·北京高考]This is a bad way to construct goals. The ________ (alternatively) is to focus your resolution on the input.‎ 答案：alternative　定冠词后应接名词，句意：这是一种不好的创建目标方式，代之的是应该把解决办法集中到输入上。‎ ‎3．The market for consuming health products is beginning ________ (ripen)．‎ 答案：to ripen　句意：消费健康产品的市场正日益成熟。‎ ‎4．[2014·湖北高考]You shouldn't ________ (interrupt) the meeting to tell me that; you could have come to tell me afterwards.‎ 答案：have interrupted　句意：你不该打断会议来告诉我那件事，你本可以会后告诉我的。shouldn't have done“本不该做……(却做了)”，故填have interrupted。‎ ‎5．[2014·广东高考]How did Ebbesmeyer prove his ________ (assume)?‎ 答案：assumption　句意：Ebbesmeyer是如何证明他的假定的？由句意及his均可判定空处应填名词形式。‎ ‎6．The policeman ________ (arrest) Tom for breaking into an old man's house.‎ 答案：arrested　结合语境知用一般过去时，arrest sb. for (doing) sth.“因(做)某事逮捕某人”。‎ ‎7．[2014·湖南高考]First, choose your travel companions wisely because nothing contributes more ________ (significance) to a trip than the right companions.‎ 答案：significantly　句意：首先明智地选择你的旅伴，因为没有什么比这个更能有助于旅行的了。修饰动词contribute应用副词形式。‎ ‎8．Over three hundred people have died of ________ (starve) since the beginning of the year.‎ 答案：starvation　句意：从年初起，已有300多人死于饥饿。die of后缺少宾语，故应填名词starvation。‎ ‎9．Every person stood up ________ (applaud) his unforgettable act of courage.‎ 答案：to applaud　句意：所有人起立为他不可磨灭的英勇之举鼓掌。不定式作目的状语。‎ ‎10．They ________ (sharp) chopsticks and use them as weapons.‎ 答案：sharpen　句意：他们把筷子削尖用作武器。该句缺少谓语动词，故应填sharpen。‎ ‎1　　regardless of 不管；不顾 So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold. (P38)‎ 因此，我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒，就住在这些洞穴里。‎ ‎(1)regardless of the fact that... 不管；不顾 ‎(2)in spite of＝despite 不顾；虽然；尽管……‎ ‎(3)as regards＝regarding＝in/with regard to 关于；至于 ‎(4)regard...as... 把……看作……‎ ‎①[2013·课标全国卷Ⅰ]It means that crew members should listen and speak up for a good result, regardless_of positions.‎ 这意味着不管职位如何，机组成员都要学会倾听，并为了好的结果而去讲话。‎ ‎②[2013·江苏高考]I am always delighted when I receive an email from you, with_regard_to the party on July 1st, I shall be pleased to attend.‎ 非常高兴收到你的email，至于7月1日的聚会，我非常高兴去参加。‎ ‎③[2015·福建高考]Human life is_regarded_as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.‎ 人类生活被认为是自然的一部分，因此我们生存的唯一方式是和自然和谐相处。‎ ‎④We arrived at the station in_spite_of the storm.‎ 虽然有暴风雨，我们仍准时到达火车站。‎ ‎2　　date back to (＝date from) 追溯到……‎ All the objects are from the same excavation site in Sanxingdui and can be dated back to between 3,000 and 5,000 years ago.(P44)‎ 所有物品都来自于三星堆遗址，它们能追溯到3000至5000年前。‎ ‎①[2013·辽宁高考]That meaning dates_back_to the time of Thomas Edison.‎ 那种含义可追溯到托马斯·爱迪生时代。‎ ‎②[朗文词典]The church dates_from the 13th century.‎ 这座教堂建于13世纪。‎ ‎③According to the expert, the temple has a history dating_back_to the early Tang Dynasty.‎ 那位专家说这座寺庙的历史可追溯到初唐时期。‎ 过关演练 选词填空 look ahead； cut up； at most； regardless of； fed up with； attach significance to； assume...to be； cut off ‎ ‎1．[2014·福建高考]Our club is open to everyone ________ age, sex or educational background.‎ 答案：regardless of ‎2．[2013·江苏高考]If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can ________ its blood supply.‎ 答案：cut off ‎3．People are ________ all these traffic jams.‎ 答案：fed up with ‎4．There is only ten meters from here ________.‎ 答案：at most ‎5．His mother ________ the meat and salted it.‎ 答案：cut up ‎6．He's trying to ________ at what might happen and be ready to handle it.‎ 答案：look ahead ‎7．In my opinion, we should ________ both physical and mental health.‎ 答案：attach significance to ‎8．We shouldn't ________ anything ________ true.‎ 答案：assume; to be ‎1　　If_only it could be just like last year! (P43)‎ 要是能跟去年那样该多好啊！‎ if only但愿……，要是……就好了，常引导虚拟语气的条件句或感叹句。‎ ‎(1)if only...could/would/might＋do...表示对将来事情的愿望(不用should)。‎ ‎(2)if only...did...表示对与现在事实相反的愿望。‎ ‎(3)if only...had done...表示对与过去事实相反的愿望。‎ 语境助记 ‎①[2014·广东高考]Because of Antonio Banderas, I fell in love with Spain. If_only I could stay in Spain as an exchange student.‎ 由于Antonio Banderas我爱上了西班牙，要是我能作为交换生待在那儿就好了。‎ ‎②[朗文词典]If_only he'd call!‎ 但愿他会来电话！‎ ‎③We held a football match in our grade and our class won the championship. If_only you had been with us.‎ 我们年级举行了足球赛，我们班得了冠军，要是你和我们在一起就好了。‎ 易混辨析 if only 用来表达愿望，意为“但愿……；要是……就好了”，句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气 only if 由副词only和从属连词if组合而成，only仅起强调作用，意为“只要”；“only＋if状语”位于句首时，引起主句部分倒装 ‎④用if only, only if填空 a．________ I could speak several foreign languages.‎ b．________ you promise not to invite Mary will I come.‎ 答案：a.If only　b．Only if ‎2　　Abruptly she sat down, only_to_be_scooped_up by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna.(P43)‎ 突然间她坐了下去，却又被她那又笑又叫的妹妹卢娜一把搂了起来。‎ ‎(1)only to do sth.“不料，结果……”，动词不定式作结果状语，表示意料不到的情况。‎ ‎(2)现在分词作结果状语多表示顺其自然的结果。‎ ‎(3)形容词或形容词短语可以作状语，表示主语的处境或状况；在句中的位置比较灵活。‎ 语境助记 ‎①[2014·课标全国卷Ⅰ]He came back in the late afternoon only to_discover that his suitcase was gone.‎ 下午晚些时候他回来，结果却发现衣箱不见了。‎ ‎②[2014·天津高考]Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only_to_find it didn't fit.‎ 她急切地将衣服从包装袋里拿出来，试穿了一下，结果发现不合身。‎ ‎③[2013·湖南高考]The sun began to rise in the sky, bathing the mountain in golden light.‎ 太阳开始升上天空，使大山沐浴在金色的阳光中。‎ 过关演练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 用括号内单词的正确形式填空 ‎1．The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happen ________ (watch) anything that happened to be on.‎ 答案：to watch　happen to do“碰巧做……”，句意：每天晚上老人都坐在电视机前，碰巧能看到正在发生的事情。‎ ‎2．Tom took a taxi to the airport, only ________ (find) his plane high up in the sky.‎ 答案：to find　“only＋to do”表示出乎意料的结果。‎ ‎3．His parents died two years ago, ________ (leave) him an orphan.‎ 答案：leaving　现在分词作结果状语，表示顺其自然的结果。‎ ‎4．Crusoe stared at the footprint, ________ (full) fear.‎ 答案：full of　句意：克鲁索盯着脚印看，满心恐惧。full of fear是形容词短语，在句中作状语。‎ ‎5．The bus was held up by snowstorm, thus ________ (cause) the delay.‎ 答案：causing　现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。‎ Ⅱ.句型转换 It rained heavily and caused severe flooding in the country.‎ ‎→It rained heavily, ________________.‎ 答案：causing severe flooding in the country Ⅲ.完成句子 Look at the trouble I am in! If only I ________________.‎ 看看，我陷入麻烦了！要是我听了你的建议就好了。‎ 答案：had followed your advice 复习动词时态：现在完成进行时 现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间一直持续到现在或离现在不远的时间，其动作是否持续下去，则由上下文决定。‎ ‎(1)叙述某一动作从过去开始，一直持续到现在，仍在继续之中或刚刚停止。常与for, since, all morning/day/week等状语连用。‎ The telephone has been ringing (ring) for almost a minute. Why doesn't someone answer it?‎ ‎(2)表示重复的动作。有时现在完成时表示的动作并不是一直不停地进行，而是在断断续续的重复。‎ ‎－We've spent too much money recently.‎ ‎－Well, it isn't surprising. Our friends and relatives have been coming (come) around all the time.‎ ‎(3)表示“刚才、近来”发生的动作，一般不再继续，此时一般通过上下文语境来判断。‎ She has been sweeping (sweep) the street all day. She is too tired.‎ ‎(4)带有浓重的感情色彩，强调持续了“那么久”或做得“那么辛苦”。‎ Oh, you've come at last! I have been waiting (wait) for you for two long hours.‎ 过关演练 单句语法填空 用括号内单词的正确形式填空 ‎1．[2015·陕西高考]Marty ________ (work) really hard on his book and he thinks he'll have finished it by Friday.‎ 答案：has been working　句意：玛蒂一直在努力写他的书，他想他在周五前会完成它。根据句中的“by Friday”‎ 可判断出，work这个动作从过去一直持续到现在，并将继续下去，故用现在完成进行时。‎ ‎2．[2014·湖南高考]Since the time humankind started gardening, we ________ (try) to make our environment more beautiful.‎ 答案：have been trying　句意：自从人类开始园艺劳动以来，我们一直在设法使我们的环境变得更加美丽。由句意可知应用现在完成进行时。since the time humankind started gardening也是提示。‎ ‎3．[2015·福建高考]—Where is Peter? I can't find him anywhere.‎ ‎—He went to the library after breakfast and ________ (write) his essay there ever since.‎ 答案：has been writing　由时间状语ever since可知，write这一动作从过去某一时刻一直持续到现在，故用现在完成进行时。‎ ‎4．[2013·福建高考]The girl has a great interest in sport and ________ (take) badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.‎ 答案：has been taking　句意：那个女孩对运动很感兴趣，在过去的三年中，她每周参加两次羽毛球课程。当时间状语为“in/for/over the past/last＋一段时间”时，谓语动词应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。‎ ‎5．The Chinese ________ (make) paper for two thousand years.‎ 答案：have been making　句意：中国人已有2000年的造纸历史。make paper这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，并将继续下去，故应用现在完成进行时。‎