高中英语：Unit 1 Festivals around the world 词汇学案

高中英语：Unit 1 Festivals around the world 词汇学案

Festivals around the world 词汇学案 人教版新课标 必修三Unit 1‎ ‎1.take place / happen / occur / come about / break out take place表示“发生、举行、举办”，一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。 happen作“发生、碰巧”解，一般用于偶然或突发性事件。 occur作“发生、想到、突然想起”解，其意义相当于happen。 come about表示“发生、产生”，多指事情已经发生了，但还不知道为什么，常用于疑问句和否定句。 break out意思为“发生、爆发”，常指战争、灾难、疾病、火灾或者争吵等事件的发生，也可以表示突然大声叫喊等。‎ ‎【练习】根据句子的意思翻译或按要求填词。‎ ‎1). Great changes have _________ (发生) in our hometown during the past ten years.‎ ‎2). _____________________ (我突然想起) I saw him on my way home yesterday.‎ ‎3). I _________ (碰巧) to see your sister crying on my way to school yesterday. I was in such a hurry that I had no time to ask what had happened ________ (介词) her?‎ ‎4). When the Second World War _________ (爆发), Tom was only a newborn infant. ‎ ‎5). I’ ll never understand how it _________ (发生) that you were late three times a week.‎ ‎6). A big earthquake _________ (发生) in the south of China last year.‎ 答案：1). taken place 2). It occurred to me that 3). happened; to 4). broke out ‎ 5). came about 6). occurred / happened ‎ ‎2. celebrate / congratulate celebrate“庆祝”，后面跟某个节日或物。‎ congratulate“祝贺”，一般搭配为congratulate sb. on (doing)sth.“祝贺某人某事”。‎ ‎【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。‎ ‎1). We all ________ Jessica on her winning the first prize in the writing competition. ‎ ‎2). At Christmas the people in the western countries will ________ the birth of Jesus.‎ ‎3). Let’s hold a party to ________ your birthday and at the same time ________ you _______ your passing the examination.‎ 答案： 1). congratulated 2). celebrate 3). celebrate; congratulate; on ‎3. gather / collect gather 用途较广泛，可用于人、物或无形的抽象事物，如人群的集合，食品、财产、文件、书籍等的收集。强调将分散的东西收集在一起。‎ collect 强调为了研究目的而做的有鉴别、有计划的收集，并指为了爱好而做的有条理的安排，对某些事物进行逐渐的收集 这两词用不及物动词时用，常可互换，都表 “ 聚集；聚拢 ” 。‎ ‎【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。‎ ‎1). The dustmen ________ the rubbish once a week. ‎ ‎2). A group of people were ________ at the accident spot.‎ ‎3). She ________ up her scattered belongings and left. ‎ ‎4). So when did you start ________ antique glass?‎ 答案： 1). collect 2). gathering/(collecting) 3). gathered/collected 4). collecting ‎4. award / reward award ① n.“奖品”、“奖金”，指因为作出杰出成就而受奖win/get/receive an award for sth. ②vt.“授与”、“颁发”、“判给” award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb. ‎ reward ①n.“赏金”、“酬金”或一些非金钱的报酬as a reward ②vt.‎ ‎ 表示“报答”、“酬谢”之意 reward sb. for sth. / reward sb. with sth.‎ ‎【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。‎ ‎1). They ________ John the first prize in the contest. ‎ ‎2). Is that how you ________ me for my help?‎ ‎3). The film won an ________ ________ its photography.‎ 答案：1). awarded 2). reward 3). award; for ‎ Ⅱ.词性变化 ‎1. beauty n.美，美丽；美人，美的东西 beautiful adj. 美的，美丽的 beautifully adv.美丽地；优美地 beautify v.美化，变美 ‎2. religion n. 宗教,信仰 religious adj.宗教的,虔诚的 ‎3. satisfy vt. 满足；使满意 satisfaction n.满意 satisfying adj.令人满意的 satisfied感到满意的 ‎4. arrive vi. 到达，到来 arrival n. 到达,到来,到达者/物 ‎5. depend vi. 依靠,信赖, 决定于 dependent adj.依靠的,依赖的 independent adj.独立的,自主的 dependence n.信赖，依赖 independence n.独立，自立 ‎6. energy n. 活力，精力， 能源 energetic adj. 精力充沛的，充满活力的 energetically adv. 精力充沛地，积极地 ‎7. apologize vi. 道歉，认错 apology n. 道歉，认错 ‎8. sad adj. 悲哀的；十分糟糕的，令人伤心遗憾的 sadly adv. 悲哀地；凄惨地 sadness n.悲哀；悲痛；凄惨 ‎【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。‎ ‎1). We should respect the ________ (religion) activities of the local people. ‎ ‎2). To the experts’ _________ (satisfy), the sick child had a quick recovery.‎ ‎3). He is the most _________ (energy) boy I have ever met. ‎ ‎4). Nowadays lots of young people want financial ________ (depend) .‎ ‎5). Mike was arrested on his ________ (arrive) from New York.‎ ‎6). You must make an ________ (apologize) to your sister for being so rude.‎ ‎7). He expressed his ________ (sad) about what had happened.‎ ‎8). Their house is ________ (beauty) decorated.‎ 答案： 1). religious 2). satisfaction 3). energetic 4). independence ‎ ‎5). arrival 6). apology 7). sadness 8). beautifully Ⅲ.重点词汇 ‎1. mean (meant, meant) vt.&vi. 意思是；意味着；打算；预定 1). The sign means that the road ‎ is blocked. 这个标志表示此路不通。 2). What do you mean to do with it? 你打算把它怎样处理？ 3). I mean you to work as our spokesman. 我想请你当我们的代言人。‎ ‎[重点用法]‎ ‎(sth.) mean doing sth. 意味着…‎ sb) mean to do sth. 打算做… ‎ had meant to do sth. 本来打算做某事 ‎ be meant for 打算作……用；打算给…‎ ‎(sth.) be meant to do sth. 被预定/指定/认为做某事 ‎ What do／did you mean by...? “你……是什么意思？”‎ ‎[练习] 按要求填空或翻译。‎ ‎1). Can you tell me what this sentence______ (mean)? ‎ ‎2). Your friendship ____ (mean) a great deal ____ (介词) me. ‎ ‎3). In some parts of London, missing a bus means ______ (wait) for another hour.‎ ‎4). What did he mean ______ (介词) saying that remark?‎ ‎5). I ______ ______ ______ ______（本来打算来）yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor.‎ ‎6). 这些房间是打算用作少年活动中心的。‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________ ‎ 答案：1). mean 2). means; to 3). waiting 4). by 5). had meant to come ‎ 6).These rooms are meant for the children’s centre.‎ ‎2. starve vi.&vt. (使)饿死；饿得要死 starvation n.[u] 饿死 ‎1). The enemy is trying to starve us to death. 敌人正在企图饿死我们。 2). I’ m starving; let’ s have a big dinner. 我饿得要死了，让我们吃一顿丰盛的晚餐吧。 3). He said he would starve rather than beg for food. 他说他宁愿挨饿也不要饭吃。‎ ‎[重点用法]‎ starve to death = die of starvation/hunger饿死 ‎ starve sb to death 把某人饿死 starve for sth. = be starved of sth. = hope/long for sth. 希望/渴望得到某物 ‎[练习] 用starve的短语的适当形式填空。‎ ‎1). Thousands of people ______ ______ ________ in Africa. ‎ ‎2). These children are ________ ________ love.‎ ‎3). The people on the island _______ _______ _______ fresh water since it hadn’t rained for nearly half a year.‎ Keys: 1). starved to death/died of starvation 2). starving for 3). were starved of ‎ ‎3. belief n. [c,u] 信任；信仰；信心 believe vt.&vi. 相信 ‎1). He has great belief in his doctor. 他对那位医生无比信赖。 2). She has lost her belief in God. 她已不相信上帝（不相信真有上帝）。‎ ‎[重点用法]‎ have belief in sth/sb 对某事物/人的真实性和正确性所具有的信心 beyond belief 难以置信 in the belief that... 相信 …… ‎ It is my belief that... 我相信…… ‎ ‎[练习] 用belief的短语填空。‎ ‎1). He came to me ________ ________ ________ ________ I could help him. ‎ ‎2). ________ ________ ________ ________ that nuclear weapons are immoral.‎ ‎3). The cruelty of the murders was ________ ________. ‎ 答案：1). in the belief that 2). It is my belief 3). beyond belief ‎4. gain vt. 获得；得到 n.[c,u] 收获；获利 ‎[典例] 该词有三种含义：‎ ‎1). 表示经过努力一点一点地获得自己渴望的东西 He has gained rich experience in these years. 这些年他已获取了丰富的经验。‎ ‎2). 表示速度、重量等慢慢增加 He gained weight after recovery from his illness. 康复后他的体重增加了。‎ ‎3).（钟，表）走快 This clock gains five minutes a day. 这只钟每天快5分钟。‎ ‎[重点用法]‎ gain experience / fame / independence 获得经验/名望/独立gain sth. from 从……处获得某物 gain other’ s respect / love / trust 获得别人的尊敬/爱戴/信任 No pains, no gains. 一分耕耘,一分收获。‎ ‎5. admire vt. 赞美；钦佩； admiration n.[u] 钦佩；羡慕 ‎1). I admire your courage and wisdom. 我钦佩你的勇气和智慧。 2). I admired the way she had coped with life. 我钦佩她面对生活的方式。‎ ‎[重点用法]‎ admire sb. for sth./ doing sth. 在某方面钦佩某人 ‎ in admiration赞美地/钦佩地 ‎[练习] 中译英。‎ ‎1). 我们都钦佩他的勇气和胆识。‎ ‎_________________________________________________ ‎ ‎2). 所有认识他的人都羡慕他取得诺贝尔化学奖。‎ ‎_________________________________________________ ‎ ‎3). 我钦佩地看着那小女孩弹钢琴。‎ ‎_________________________________________________ ‎ 答案：1). We all admire him for his courage and bravery. ‎ ‎2). All those who knew him admired him for winning the Nobel Prize for chemistry. ‎ ‎3). I watched the girl playing the piano in admiration.‎ ‎6. permission n.[u] 许可；允许 permit vt.准许；许可；允许 permit n.许可（证）；执照 You have my permission to leave. 我准你离开。‎ ‎[重点用法]‎ with/without (one’ s) permission得到允许/未经允许 ‎ ask sb. for permission 征求某人的许可 give sb. permission to do sth.: permit sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事 have one’ s permission得到某人的同意 ‎ ‎[练习] 完成句子或用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。‎ ‎1). They entered the area _______ _______ (未经允许). ‎ ‎2). The prison authorities permit _______ (visit) only once a month. ‎ ‎3). We have arranged to play tennis on Saturday, weather _______ (permit).‎ ‎4). You will need to obtain planning _______ (permit) if you want to extend your house.‎ 答案：1). without permission 2). visiting 3). permitting 4). permission ‎7. remind vt. 提醒；使想起 ‎1). This story reminds me of my childhood. 这个故事让我想起了我的童年。 2). I reminded ‎ Gerald of his promise. 我提醒吉罗德他曾许下的诺言。3). Please remind me to write to my mother tomorrow.请提醒我明天给我母亲写信。‎ ‎[重点用法]‎ remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事 ‎ remind sb. of / about sth. 提醒某人记住某事 ‎ remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 ‎ remind sb. that... 提醒某人/使某人想起……‎ ‎[练习] 中译英。‎ ‎1). 这些照片使我想起我的童年。‎ ‎_________________________________________________ ‎ ‎2). 请提醒我要每天服三次药。‎ ‎_________________________________________________ ‎ 答案：1). These photos remind me of my childhood. ‎ ‎2). Please remind me to take my medicine three times a day. ‎ Please remind me that I should take my medicine three times a day.‎ ‎8. forgive (forgave, forgiven) vt. 原谅；饶恕 ‎1). I’ ll never forgive you! 我永远都不会饶恕你！‎ ‎2). He asked us to forgive him for what he had done wrong. 他请求我们原谅他的错误。‎ ‎[重点用法]‎ forgive sb. (for) sth. 原谅某人的某事 ‎ forgive doing sth. 原谅做某事 ‎[练习] 完成句子或用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。‎ ‎1). I’ ll never ______ ______ ______ ______ (因你所说的话而原谅你) you said to me. ‎ ‎2). They ______ (forgive) him for his crimes. ‎ ‎3). Forgive my _______ (interrupt) you.‎ 答案：1). forgive you for what 2). forgave 3). interrupting Ⅳ.重点词组 ‎1. take place vi. 发生;举行 ‎1). The football match will take place tomorrow. 足球赛将在明天举行。 ‎ ‎2). The accident took place/ happened only a block from my home. 事故发生在离我家仅一个街区远的地方。‎ ‎[短语归纳]‎ take the place of (动词短语)代替/取代 ‎ ‎ in place of (介词短语)代替；交换 take sb’ s place / take the place of sb. 坐某人的座位；代替某人的职务 in the last place 最后 in place 放在原来的位置；适合的，恰当的 out of place不在合适的位置；不适当的 in the first place (列举理由)首先,第一点 in one’s place 处于某人的位置,为某人设身处地想一想 ‎[练习] 用place短语的适当形式填空。‎ ‎1). A little gratitude would be _______ _______. ‎ ‎2). I’ m at a loss what to do next. What would you do (if you were ) _______ _______ _______?‎ ‎3). Plastics have _______ _______ _______ _______ many other materials. ‎ ‎4). We use plastics _____ _____ _____ many other materials.‎ ‎5). While the manager was on holiday, he _____ _____ ____. ‎ 答案： 1). in place 2). in my place 3). taken the place of 4). in place of 5). took his/her place ‎2. in memory of = to the memory of 纪念；追念 ‎ ‎1). Many ceremonies are in memory of famous people. 很多典礼是为了纪念名人的。‎ ‎2). The statue was built in memory of the famous scientist. 这个雕像是为了纪念那为有名的科学家而建立的。‎ ‎[短语归纳] in + n. + of 短语：‎ in honour of 为了纪念……；向……表示敬意 ‎ in praise of 歌颂 in favor of 赞同, 支持 ‎ in charge of 负责 in need of 需要 ‎ in search of 寻找 in possession of 拥有 ‎ in place of 代替 ‎ ‎[练习] 用in + n. + of构成的词组填空。‎ ‎1). A monument was set up ______ ______ ______ the dead soldiers.‎ ‎2). He founded the charity (兴办那项慈善事业)______ ______ ______his late wife.‎ ‎3). If you are ______ ______ ______ anything, don’ t hesitate to let me know.‎ ‎4). In the discussion, I was ______ ______ ______ Mr. Li.‎ 答案：1). in memory/honour of 2). in memory of 3). in need of 4). in favor of ‎3. dress up 盛装；打扮；装饰 ‎ ‎1). Don’ t bother to dress up. Come as you are. 用不著穿讲究衣服－－就穿平常的衣服来吧。 2). We’re supposed to dress (ourselves) up as movie characters for the party. 我们在晚会上要装扮得像电影中的角色。‎ ‎[短语归纳] dress短语：‎ dress up for sth. 为某事而盛装 ‎ dress up as sb. 打扮成为某人 be dressed in 穿着(衣服或颜色) ‎ dress sb./oneself 给某人或自己穿衣服 ‎[练习] 用dress构成的词组填空。‎ ‎1). The boy ______ ______ ______ a short pant. ‎ ‎2). He ______ ______ ______ Christmas Father to amuse the children.‎ ‎3). The kids are too young to ______ ______, so she has to ______ ______ every morning. ‎ 答案：1). was dressed in 2). dressed up as 3). dress themselves; dress them ‎4. play a trick/tricks on 对某人搞恶作剧/诈骗/开玩笑；对某人施计谋 The kids are always playing tricks on their teacher. 孩子们老是对他们的老师搞恶作剧。‎ ‎[短语归纳]‎ play a joke/jokes on sb. = make fun of sb. 开某人的玩笑 ‎ laugh at sb. 嘲笑某人 ‎[练习] 填介词或用所给词的适当形式填空。‎ ‎1). He was let in by playing a trick ______ (介词) the guard. ‎ ‎2). She hated _______ (play) tricks on in public.‎ 答案：1). on 2). being played ‎ ‎5. look forward to 盼望；期待 ‎1). I’m looking forward to seeing you this summer vacation. 我期待暑假见到你。 2). I’ m really looking forward to our vacation. 我盼望着假期早日到来。‎ ‎[短语归纳] 短语中to是介词，后接名词、代词及动词-ing形式：‎ lead to导致；通向 object to反对 ‎ refer to查阅；提到 stick to粘住；坚持 add to 增加 add up to 总计 compare......to 把……比作 see to 负责，处理 get close to接近；差点 get down to着手做…… get/be used to 习惯于 pay attention to 注意……‎ put an end to 结束，停止 admit to 承认 devote...to 贡献……给；致力于……‎ ‎[练习] 用所给词的适当形式填空。‎ ‎1). The boy hurried forward ______ (see) the world-famous oil painting because he had been looking forward to ______ (see) it for a long time. ‎ ‎2). The day I had been looking forward to ______ (come). ‎ ‎3). I used to ______ (get) up late, but now I’ m used to ______ (get) up early. ‎ 答案：1). to see; seeing 2). came 3). get; getting ‎6. turn up 出现；到达；发现；调大(音量等) ‎ ‎1). It’ s time for the meeting, but he hasn’ t turned up. 到开会的时间了，但他还没到。‎ ‎2). Please turn up the radio. I want to listen to the news. 请把收音机音量调大, 我想听听新闻。 ‎ ‎[短语归纳] turn 短语：‎ turn on打开(煤气、自来水、电灯等) turn off 关上 ‎ turn down减弱，降低，拒绝 turn around/about 转过身来 turn away 转过头 turn out生产，制造；(常与to, that连用)结果是 ‎ turn to sb./sth. (for help) 向……求助，查阅 ‎[练习] 用turn词组填空。 ‎ ‎1). Don’ t worry. The file is sure to ______ ______.‎ ‎2). Please ______ the television ______ a bit, I can’ t hear clearly.‎ ‎3). It ______ ______ that it was Tim who broke the vase.‎ ‎4). The sad child ______ ______ his mother for comfort. ‎ 答案：1). turn up 2). turn; up 3). turned out 4). turned to ‎7. keep one’ s word (= keep one’ s promise) 守信用；履行诺言 He never keeps his word. 他从不履行诺言。‎ ‎[短语归纳] word短语：‎ break one’ s word/promise 违背诺言，失信 ‎ Word came that… 有消息传来说…… ‎ leave word 留言，口信 ‎ have/say the last word下结论；说了算 ‎ have a word with sb. 和某人说几句话 ‎ have words with sb. 与某人争吵 take back one’s words 收回自己说过的话 ‎ in other words 换句话说，也就是说 in a/one word 总之，简言之 ‎ in words 用文字 ‎ beyond words 无法用语言表达 ‎[练习] 用word词组填空。‎ ‎1). His score was only 53. ______ ______ ______, he failed in the exam. ‎ ‎2). Could I ______ ______ ______ with you, Miss Jones? ‎ ‎3). You’ ll find that she is a girl who always ______ ______ ______.‎ ‎4). ______ ______ _______, I think he’ s a fool.‎ 答案：1). In other words 2). have a word 3). keeps/breaks her word 4). In a word ‎ ‎8. hold one’ s breath 屏息；屏住气 ‎1). How long can you hold your breath for? 你能屏住呼吸多久? 2). The audience held its/their breath as the acrobat walked along the tightrope. 杂技演员走钢丝时, 观众都屏住了呼吸。‎ ‎[短语归纳] breath短语：‎ ‎(be) out of/short of breath 呼吸急促；喘不过气来；上气不接下气 catch one’ s breath屏住气；歇口气 lose one’ s breath 气喘嘘嘘；上气不接下气 ‎ get one’ s breath 恢复正常呼吸 waste one’ s breath (on sb/sth)（对某人/某事物）白费唇舌save one’ s breath不必白费唇舌 ‎[练习] 用breath短语填空。‎ ‎1). He _____ ______ ______ while the results were read out. ‎ ‎2). They won’ t listen, so don’ t ______ ______ ______ telling them. ‎ ‎3). It’ s useless talking to him. You may as well ______ ______ ______. ‎ ‎4). It took us a few minutes to ______ ______ ______ ______after the race. ‎ ‎5). I’ m a bit ______ ______ ______ after my run.‎ 答案：1). held his breath 2). waste your breath 3). save your breath 4). get our breath back 5). out of breath ‎8. set off 出发；动身；使爆炸 ‎1). What time are you planning to set off tomorrow? 你打算明天几点钟启程? 2). The terrorist set off a bomb in the city centre and killed six people. 恐怖分子在市中心引爆了炸弹，杀害了六个人。‎ ‎[短语归纳] set短语：‎ set off for a place 出发到某地 ‎ set about doing sth开始（某工作）；着手做某事 set out 从某地出发上路 ‎ set out to do sth. 开始做某事 set sth up 摆放或竖起某物；创立，建立 ‎ set sth aside 将某事物放在一边；（为某目的）节省或保留钱或时间 ‎[练习] 用set词组填空。‎ ‎1). The new government must ______ ______ finding solutions to the country’ s economic problems. ‎ ‎2). The children ______ ______ the fireworks in the yard. ‎ ‎3). She ______ ______ a bit of money every month.‎ ‎4). They _____ ______a statue in honor of the national hero.‎ ‎5). They’ ve ______ ______ on a journey round the world.‎ 答案： 1). set about 2). set off 3). sets aside 4). set up 5). set off/out ‎9. as though和as if从句用虚拟语气, 还是用陈述语气,‎ ‎ 完全根据具体情况而定。如果从句表示的意思与事实完全相反, 或者纯粹是一种假设, 通常用虚拟语气。‎ ‎ The child talks as if she were an adult. 那孩子说话的样子好象她是个大人。‎ ‎[练习] 用所给词的适当形式填空。‎ ‎1). The pencil looks as if it _______ (break) with half of it in the glass of water.‎ ‎2). Li Ming speaks English very well as though he ______ (be) an Englishman. ‎ ‎3). It seems as if our team ______ (be) going to win. ‎ ‎4). He talks about pyramids as though he ______ (see) them himself.‎ 答案： 1). were broken 2). were 3). Is 4). had seen ‎ ‎10 It is/was + adj./n./p.p. + that-clause 结构：‎ It was obvious/clear that …= obviously/ clearly, … “很明显……，显而易见……” ‎ It is necessary/ important/ strange/ natural + that + sb. should do ‎ It is a pity/a shame/ no wonder + that + sb. should do ‎ It is said/believed/reported/announced/expected/… + that …‎ ‎[练习] 翻译句子。‎ ‎1). 真奇怪，这么重要的会议，他居然缺席。‎ ‎_________________________________________________ ‎ ‎2). 显然，你错了。‎ ‎_________________________________________________‎ ‎3). 他竟然向我们撒慌，真是可耻。‎ ‎_________________________________________________‎ ‎4). 据报道，双方的会谈有进展。‎ ‎_________________________________________________‎ 答案：1). It was strange that he should have been absent from such an important meeting.‎ ‎2). It is obvious that you are wrong. / Obviously, you’ re wrong.‎ ‎3). It was a shame that he should have lied to us.‎ ‎4). It is reported that the talks between the two sides are making progress.‎