2018-2019学年内蒙古鄂尔多斯市第一中学高一下学期期末考试英语试卷（解析版）

2018-2019学年内蒙古鄂尔多斯市第一中学高一下学期期末考试英语试卷（解析版）

鄂尔多斯市第一中学2018-2019学年度第二学期高一期末考试 英语试题 注意事项：‎ ‎1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。‎ ‎2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在试卷上无效。‎ 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）‎ 第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ A When it comes to the greatest inventions of the world, China’s name is sure to be mentioned several times. There are hundreds of things which were invented by the Chinese.‎ Alcohol Shocked? I was because when they said alcohol I thought about either the US or the UK. China had never crossed my mind. In China, alcohol was made by two legendary persons named Yi Di and Du Kang who belonged to the Xia Dynasty. This period was about 2000 BC - 1600 BC. Research says that in ancient China, beer with 4% alcoholic content was widely consumed by people.‎ Tea China is the proud inventor of tea which was first drunk by Shen Nong, a Chinese emperor around 2737 BC. Tea production was rapidly developed, making tea a popular drink during the Tang and Song Dynasties.‎ The Mechanical Clock Have you ever wondered what on earth we would be doing without any idea of time? A clock really is an invention without which things were incomplete. The credit of making the first mechanical clock goes to ancient China. The first mechanical clock was invented by Yi Xing in the Tang Dynasty. This was during 618 and 907.‎ Silk Fabric Silk, the favorite fabric of many girls out there, is also a Chinese invention. Although we all know that silk is made by silkworms, it was Chinese people who first invented a way to harvest the silk and then use it to make clothes. The oldest silk which has been found so far is in Henan Province and dates back to 3630 BC.‎ ‎1. We can learn from Paragraph 2 that ________.‎ A. people in the US like alcohol B. beer was popular in the Xia Dynasty C. Yi Di and Du Kang invented alcohol by accident D. the author didn’t know alcohol is a Chinese invention ‎2. The author asks the question in Paragraph 4 to show ________.‎ A. ancient Chinese inventors were wiser B. many things in our lives are incomplete C. ancient Chinese people never wasted time D. the invention of the mechanical clock is important ‎3. Which of the following invention has a longer history?‎ A. Tea. B. Alcohol.‎ C. Silk fabric. D. The mechanical clock.‎ ‎【答案】1. D 2. D 3. C ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。主要说明了四种中国的发明：酒、茶、机械钟以及丝绸的情况。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 推理判断题。第二段第一句Shocked? I was because when they said alcohol I thought about either the US or the UK. 震惊吗?因为当他们说到酒的时候，我想到的不是美国就是英国。可推测作者并不知道酒是一项中国发明。故选D。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句A clock really is an invention without which things were incomplete. 时钟确实是一项没有它一切都会不完整的发明。可知第四段第一句提出的问题是为了说明机械钟发明的重要性。故选D。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 推理判断题。分析四项发明可知：酒大约是公元前2000年到公元前1600年发明的；茶叶大约在公元前2737年；机械钟表是在618年和907年；丝绸产于河南省，可追溯到公元前3630年。综上可知，丝绸的历史更久远，故选C。‎ B Fabien Cousteau was born with deep love for the ocean. His grandfather and his father were ocean explorers and documentary filmmakers. Fabien spent his early years on his grandfather's ships. Today, Fabien follows in his ‎ family's footsteps to protect the planet's endangered ocean life. With his vast knowledge and experience, he tries to strike a balance between environmental problems and market economies.‎ Fabien is well known for his study of sharks. During 2000-2002, he created a TV special called Attack of the Mystery Shark based on the shark attacks that occurred along the New Jersey shoreline in the summer of 1916. Then in 2003-2006, with the help of a large crew, Fabien created a shark submarine (潜艇) that enabled him to put himself inside the shark world, providing people with a rare view of the mysterious and often misunderstood creatures.‎ For the next four years (2006-2010), Fabien was part of a series called, Ocean Adventures, which offered a rare look into some of the most fantastic ocean species (物种) and environments.‎ In 2010, Fabien started Plant A Fish, a nonprofit project for children to help restore local water ecosystems by replanting key ocean species. Save the world, one fish at a time. The project is still in progress now and its final goal is to plant 1 billion “fish” worldwide.‎ From June 1 to July 2, 2014, Fabien and his team spent 31 days underwater to research how climate change and pollution are affecting the oceans. Fabien's Mission 31 broke new ground by going deeper, longer and further, exposing (显露) the world to the adventure and the mystique (神秘) of what lies beneath.‎ Fabien is currently working on a documentary film about the adventures of Mission 31, as well as building an Ocean Learning Center to provide children around the world with the opportunity to learn about oceans and engage with ocean explorers directly through social media.‎ ‎4. What is Not Fabien’s job?‎ A. Ocean explorer B. Documentary filmmaker C. Environmentalist D. Media manager ‎5. How is Paragraph 2 developed?‎ A. By providing facts. B. By offering analyses.‎ C. By making comparisons. D. By drawing conclusions.‎ ‎6. We can learn from the text that ________.‎ A. Fabien's “Plant A Fish” project has already achieved its final goal B. Fabien's Mission 31 broke the records of former ocean explorations C. Fabien's TV special about sharks is based on his childhood experiences D. It took Fabien four years to produce Ocean Adventures all on his own ‎7. In which part of a website can we read the text?‎ A. Modern Technology. B. Space Exploration.‎ C. Outstanding Figures. D. Fantastic Wildlife.‎ ‎【答案】4. D 5. A 6. B 7. C ‎【解析】‎ 本文是人物类短文。主要介绍了Fabien Cousteau 研究鲨鱼而出名，他要保护海洋频临灭绝的动物，在海洋里进行探险研究。他和他的团队打破了以前的海洋探险的记录，并拍摄了海洋生物记录片的事情。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据最后一段Fabien is currently working on a documentary film about the adventures of Mission 31, as well as building an Ocean Learning Center to provide children around the world with the opportunity to learn about oceans and engage with ocean explorers directly through social media.可知，Fabien是一个Ocean explorer海洋探险家、Documentary filmmaker纪录片的导演；根据第一段最后一句With his vast knowledge and experience, he tries to strike a balance between environmental problems and market economies.可知，他是一个Environmentalist环境保护者。没有提到他是媒体策划经理，故选D。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段Fabien is well known for his study of sharks. During 2000-2002…, Then in 2003-2006,…可知。用例举事实法叙述他研究的情况。故选A。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Fabien's Mission 31 broke new ground by going deeper, longer and further, exposing (显露) the world to the adventure and the mystique (神秘) of what lies beneath. Fabien's Mission 31开辟了一条新路，他走得更深、更久、更远，把海底的冒险和神秘显示给了世人。也就是说Fabien's Mission 31打破了以前海洋探险的记录。故选B。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 推理判断题。A. Modern Technology现代科技； B. Space Exploration太空探险；C. Outstanding Figures.杰出人物； D. Fantastic Wildlife神奇的野生动植物。根据整篇短文围绕Fabien在海洋的探险、保护海洋、拍摄纪录片等方面的贡献，属于人物类短文。故选C。‎ C When students and parents are asked to rate subjects according to their importance, the arts are unavoidably at the bottom of the list. Music is nice, people seem to say, but not important. Too often it is viewed as mere entertainment, but certainly not an education priority (优先).This view is shortsighted. In fact, music education is beneficial and important for all students.‎ Music tells us who we are. Because music is an expression of the beings who create it, it reflects their thinking and values, as well as the social environment it came from. Rock music represents a lifestyle just as surely as a ‎ Schubert song. The jazz influence that George Gershwin and other musicians introduced into their music is obviously American because it came from American musical traditions. Music expresses our character and values. It gives us identity as a society.‎ Music provides a kind of perception (感知) that cannot be gained any other way. Science can explain how the sun rises and sets. The arts explore the emotional meaning of the same phenomenon. We need every possible way to discover and respond to our world for one simple but powerful reason: No one way can get it all. The arts are forms of thought as powerful in what they communicate as mathematical and scientific symbols. They are ways we human beings "talk" to each other. They are the language of civilization through which we express our fears, our curiosities, our hungers, our discoveries, and our hopes. The arts are ways we give form to our ideas and imagination so that they can be shared with others. When we do not give children access to an important way of expressing themselves such as music, we take away from them the meanings that music expresses.‎ Science and technology do not tell us what it means to be human. The arts do. Music is an important way we express human suffering, celebration, the meaning and value of peace and love.‎ So music education is far more necessary than people seem to realize.‎ ‎8. According to Paragraph 1, students_________.‎ A. regard music as a way of entertainment B. disagree with their parents on education C. view music as an ignored subject D. prefer the arts to science ‎9. In Paragraph 2, the author uses jazz as an example to ___________.‎ A. compare it with rock music B. show music reflects a society C. introduce American musical traditions D. prove music influences people's lifestyles ‎10. According to the passage, the arts and science________.‎ A. approach the world in different ways B. explore different phenomena of the world C. express people's feelings in different ways D. explain what it means to be human differently ‎11. What is the main idea of the passage?‎ A. Music education deserves more attention.‎ B. Music should be of top education priority.‎ C. Music is an effective communication tool.‎ D. Music education makes students more imaginative.‎ ‎【答案】8. A 9. B 10. A 11. A ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇议论文。短文通过举例，对比的方法以此来证实，音乐教育对所有学生都是有益和重要的，远比人们想象的更为必要。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由第一段“Too often it is viewed as mere entertainment, but certainly not an education priority”可知，它常常被视为纯粹的娱乐，但肯定不是教育的优先选择。所以根据第一段，学生们把音乐当作一种娱乐方式。故A选项正确。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 推理判断题。由第二段“ Because music is an expression of the beings who create it, it reflects their thinking and values, as well as the social environment it came from. It gives us identity as a society”可知，因为音乐是创造它的人的一种表达，它反映了他们的思想和价值观，以及它所产生的社会环境。它赋予我们作为一个社会成员的身份。所以通过对音乐的作用的说明，可以判断出， 在第二段中，作者以爵士乐为例来说明音乐反映了社会。故B选项正确。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 推理判断题。由第三段“Science can explain how the sun rises and sets. The arts explore the emotional meaning of the same phenomenon. We need every possible way to discover and respond to our world ”可知，科学可以解释太阳是如何升起和落下的。艺术探索同一现象的情感意义。我们需要一切可能的方法来发现和回应我们的世界。所以艺术和科学都是探讨这个世界的方法，只不过是方式不同而已。故判断出，音乐和艺术以不同的方式在探讨着这个世界。故A选项正确。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第一段“In fact, music education is beneficial and important for all students.”以及最后段“So music education is far more necessary than people seem to realize”可知，音乐教育对所有学生都是有益和重要的。所以音乐教育远比人们意识到的要重要。所以短文通过举例，对比的方法以此来证实，音乐教育对所有学生都是有益和重要的，远比人们想象的更为必要，音乐教育更值得关注。故这段短文的主要意思是音乐教育更值得关注。故A选项正确。‎ D Alibaba Cloud and the Hangzhou city government announced the launch of ET City Brain 2.0, a cloud—powered and Al-driven urban traffic-management system that aims to increase the city’s efficiency.‎ After over two years of testing in Alibaba’s home base, ET City Brain has become the new infrastructure (基础设施) for Hangzhou, with a total coverage of 420 square kilometers in area, including over 1,300 traffic lights. Over 200 traffic officers are connected via mobile phones, enabling them to receive real-time alerts on any traffic-related emergencies.‎ In version 2.0, the system will optimize the city’s firefighting abilities by providing key information to firefighters, such as water pressure, the number and position of fire hydrants (消防栓) in a given area, the location of gas pipes and other details they need to know. The information is instant, making the entire firefighting process faster, safer and more accurate.‎ City Brain gives meaning to data. By using AI and advanced algorithms (计算程序), City Brain is able to analyze a large amount of data and turn them into useful information in real-time speed.‎ As a result of City Brain’s ability to predict traffic flow, detect accidents and provide instant feedback, Hangzhou has dropped from 5th to the 57th on the list of China’s most congested cities. Hangzhou is probably the only city that can tell you how many cars are on the street at any given time.‎ In the case of medical emergencies, City Brain is able to change traffic lights, so emergency vehicles like ambulances and fire trucks can head to the scene without interruption, accelerating their arrival time by 49%.‎ Dr. Wang Jian, the head of Alibaba’s Technology Steering Committee who invented the term “City Brain”, said the system is designed to empower a city to act quickly and directly. It is more than just about traffic management. It’s really about how to make city more livable at a time of shrinking natural resources around the globe. “It is a matter of sustainability, while using as little natural resources as possible,” Wang said, “This is just the beginning.”‎ ‎12. What benefit will ET City Brain bring?‎ A. Lower crime rates.‎ B. Efficient government.‎ C. Less traffic congestion.‎ D. Improved medical care.‎ ‎13. Which of the following functions of the city Brain is NOT mentioned in the text?‎ A. Predicting traffic flow.‎ B. Giving quick feedback.‎ C. Changing traffic lights.‎ D. Handling traffic accidents.‎ ‎14. Which of the following best explains “optimize” in paragraph 3?‎ A. Better. B. Practise.‎ C. Operate. D. Emphasize.‎ ‎15. What can we conclude from the last paragraph?‎ A. ET City Brain 2.0 is a mature version.‎ B. Alibaba targets environmentally—friendly development.‎ C. The government is devoted to improving the system.‎ D. The system can solve the problem of lack of resources.‎ ‎【答案】12. C 13. D 14. A 15. B ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。阿里巴巴云和杭州市政府宣布推出ET city Brain 2.0，一个以云计算为动力、以人工智能为驱动的城市交通管理系统，旨在提高城市交通的效率。系统通过向消防员提供关键信息，如水压、给定区域内消防栓的数量和位置、燃气管道的位置以及其他他们需要知道的细节，来优化和提高城市的灭火能力。“城市大脑”一词的发明者王健博士表示，该系统旨在让一个城市能够快速、直接地采取行动。这不仅仅是交通管理的问题。在全球自然资源不断萎缩的今天，如何让城市变得更宜居才是关键。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 细节理解题。第一段ET City Brain 2.0, a cloud—powered and Al-driven urban traffic-management system that aims to increase the city’s efficiency.可知ET city Brain 2.0，这是一个以云计算为动力、以人工智能为驱动的城市交通管理系统，旨在提高城市的交通效率。可知ET City Brain将带来更少的交通堵塞。故选C。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 细节理解题。第五段第一句As a result of City Brain’s ability to predict traffic flow, detect accidents and provide instant feedback可知City Brain能够预测交通流量，检测事故并提供即时反馈，并没有提及处理交通事故，D选项没有提及。故选D。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据下文the city’s firefighting abilities by providing key information to firefighters, such as water pressure, the number and position of fire hydrants in a given area, the location of gas pipes and other details they need to know.可知系统通过向消防员提供关键信息，如水压、给定区域内消防栓的数量和位置、燃气管道的位置以及其他他们需要知道的细节，来优化和提高城市的灭火能力。故划线部分单词意思为“优化；改善”，故选A。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一句“It is a matter of sustainability, while using as little natural resources as possible,” Wang said, “This is just the beginning.” “这是一个可持续发展的问题，同时尽可能少地使用自然资源，”王说，“这只是一个开始。”可知阿里巴巴的目标是环境友好型发展。故选B。‎ 第二节 （共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分）‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Food is so much a part of daily life that people often take eating for granted. ____16____Now is a good time for ‎ you to think carefully about this question: What kinds of needs does food meet?‎ ‎___17___ Food supplies the energy needed for day-to-day activities. Eating the right foods each day helps your body perform important functions.‎ Physical needs are not the only ones people satisfy by eating every day. People often eat even when they are not hungry. Some people eat to comfort themselves whenever they are upset or nervous. ___18___‎ Food serves social needs as well as physical and emotional ones. People often combine eating with the company of friends and family because both experiences are pleasurable. In some families, mealtime is the only time of day that the whole family can be together. ____19____Many social occasions are associated with specific foods---birthday cakes, Thanksgiving turkeys, or Fourth of July cookouts. ___20___‎ A. Food also plays an important role in keeping social traditions.‎ B. Food has many purposes.‎ C. They are not even aware of their own eating habit.‎ D. These traditions provide links between food and social activities.‎ E. Like other living things, people need energy to live.‎ F. No matter what your age, a strong body can protect you from diseases.‎ G. Others eat to remove boredom.‎ ‎【答案】16. C 17. E ‎ ‎18. G 19. A ‎ ‎20. D ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了食物都满足了人们的哪些需要。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 根据本空前的“Food is so much a part of daily life that people often take eating for granted.”可知，食物是我们日常生活的一部分，人们经常认为吃是理所当然的，C项（他们甚至没有意识到自己的饮食习惯）是上文的结果，故选C项。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 根据本空后的“Food supplies the energy needed for day-to-day activities.”可知，食物提供日常活动所需的能量，E项（像其他生物一样，人类需要能量才能生存）引起下文，故选E项。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 根据本空前的“Some people eat to comfort themselves whenever they are upset or nervous.”可知，有些人在烦恼或紧张时吃东西来安慰自己，G 项（还有些人吃东西是为了打发无聊）与上一句是并列关系，都是列举吃东西的原因，故选G项。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 根据本空后的“Many social occasions are associated with specific foods”可知，很多社交场合都与特定的食物有关，故A项（食物在保持社会传统方面也扮演着重要角色）符合语境。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 根据本空前的“Many social occasions are associated with specific foods---birthday cakes, Thanksgiving turkeys, or Fourth of July cookouts. ”可知，很多社交场合都与特定的食物有关——生日蛋糕，感恩节火鸡或独立日野餐，故D项（这些传统提供了食物和社会活动之间的联系）符合语境。‎ 第二部分 语言知识运用（共三节，满分50分）‎ 第一节 完形填空（共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下面短文，从各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ I fell in love with Yosemite National Park the first time I saw it, when I was 13. My parents took us there for camping. On the way out, I asked them to wait while I ran up to E1 Capitan, a ____21____ rock of 3,300 feet straight up. I touched that giant rock and knew ____22____ I wanted to climb it. That has been my life’s passion (钟爱) ever since--- ____23____ the rocks and mountains of Yosemite. I’ve long made Yosemite my ____24____.‎ About 15 years ago I started seeing a lot of ____25____, like toilet paper, beer cans, and empty boxes, around the area. It’s ____26____ me why visitors started respecting the place ____27____ and treated such a beautiful home-like place this way.‎ I tried ____28____ trash(垃圾)myself, but the job was too big. I would ____29____an hour or two on the job, only to find the area trashed all over again weeks later. Finally, I got so ___30___ it that I decided something had to change.‎ As a rock-climbing guide, I knew ____31____about organizing any big event. But in 2004, together with some climbers, I set a date for a ____32____. On that day, more than 300 people ____33____. Over three days we collected about 6,000 pounds of trash. It was amazing how much we were able to ____34____. I couldn’t believe the ____35____ we made ---the park looked clean!‎ Each year volunteers come for the cleanup from everywhere. In 2007 alone, 2,945 people picked up 42,330 pounds of trash and ____36____ 132 miles of roadway.‎ I often hear people ____37____ about their surroundings. If you are one of them, I would say the only way to change things is by ____38____ rather than complaining. We need to teach by ____39____. You can’t blame others ____40____ you start with yourself.‎ ‎21. A. distant B. loose C. narrow D. huge ‎22. A. immediately B. finally C. gradually D. recently ‎23. A. imagining B. painting C. describing D. climbing ‎24. A. garden B. home C. lab D. palace ‎25. A. material B. resources C. waste D. goods ‎26. A. beyond B. against C. over D. within ‎27. A. more B. most C. least D. less ‎28. A. throwing away B. picking up C. breaking down D. digging out ‎29. A. kill B. spend C. wait D. save ‎30. A. satisfied with B. delighted in C. tired of D. used to ‎31. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing ‎32. A. party B. cleanup C. picnic D. concert ‎33. A. dropped out B. showed up C. looked around D. called back ‎34. A. demand B. receive C. achieve D. overcome ‎35. A. plan B. visit C. contact D. difference ‎36. A. crossed B. measured C. covered D. designed ‎37. A. complain B. talk C. argue D. quarrel ‎38. A. doing B. thinking C. questioning D. watching ‎39. A. method B. explanation C. example D. research ‎40. A. although B. if C. unless D. when ‎【答案】21. D 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. D 28. B 29. B 30. C 31. D 32. B 33. B 34. C 35. D 36. C 37. A 38. A 39. C 40. C ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇记叙文．文章讲述了作者把约塞米蒂国家公园当作自己的家。当作者看到里面有大量的垃圾时，开始是自己捡垃圾，后来组织大家捡垃圾。由此作者明白改变事情的方法是动手去做，而不是抱怨。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查形容词辨析。A. distant遥远的；B. loose松的；C. narrow狭窄的；D. huge巨大的。句意：在回程的路上，我请他们等我，我跑向了巍峨的埃尔卡皮坦山，一块高达3300英尺的巨岩。由“3,300 feet”可知，岩石很巨大。故D选项切题。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查副词辨析。A. immediately立即；B. finally最后地；C. gradually逐渐地；D. recently 最近地。句意：我触摸到那块巨石时，立刻知道我想攀登它。由“That has been my life’s passion (钟爱) ever since”可知，从那以后，那是作者一生钟爱。所以immediately“立即”用在这里表示作者对于这块巨石以及攀岩的喜爱。故A选项切题。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。A. imagining想象；B. painting绘画；C. describing描述；D. climbing爬。句意：从那以后，那是我一生的钟爱——攀登约塞米蒂的岩石和山脉。由前文的“climb”可知，本句为原词再现，来说明攀登约塞米蒂的岩石和山脉是作者的最爱。故D选项切题。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。A. garden花园；B. home家；C. lab实验室；D. palace宫殿。句意：我一直把约塞米蒂当作我的家。由下文“ beautiful home-like place”可知，作者一直把约塞米蒂当作自己的家。故B选项切题。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。A. material材料；B. resources资源；C. waste垃圾；D. goods货物。句意：大约15年前，我开始在这个地区周围看到很多垃圾，如卫生纸、啤酒罐和空盒子。由“like toilet paper，beer cans，and empty boxes”可知，这些都是垃圾。故C选项切题。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查介词辨析。A. beyond超出；B. against反对；C. over越过；D. within在......里。句意：这让我无法理解为什么游客开始对这个地方不那么尊重，并以这种方式对待一个如此美丽的像家一样的地方。在作者心里约塞米蒂就像家一样，所以作者无法理解为什么游客开始对这个地方不那么尊重。故A选项切题。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查副词辨析。A. more 更多；B. most最多；C. least最少；D. less较少地。句意：这让我无法理解为什么游客开始对这个地方不那么尊重，并以这种方式对待一个如此美丽的像家一样的地方。由前文可知，游客已经污染了这个作者喜欢的地方，所以游客对这个地方不那么尊重了。故D选项切题。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。A. throwing away扔掉；B. picking up拾起；C. breaking down出故障；D. digging out挖出。句意：我尝试自己动手捡垃圾，但这项工作实在太艰巨了。由“trash”可知，pick up“拾起”符合句意。故B选项切题。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。A. kill杀死；B. spend花费；C. wait等待；D. save节省。句意：我会捡一两个小时，才发现不出几个星期，又是遍地垃圾。由前文可知，作者自己在捡垃圾。所以作者会捡一两个小时的垃圾。故B选项切题。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查形容词短语辨析。A. satisfied with对.......满意B. delighted in高兴做某事；C. tired of厌倦......；D. used to过去常常。句意：最后，我厌倦了，决定改变自己捡垃圾初衷。由前文的“only to find the area trashed all over again weeks later”可知，作者厌倦了。故C选项切题。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 考查代词辨析。A. something某事；B. anything任何事情；C. everything每件事情；D. nothing没有什么。句意：作为一名攀岩向导，我对组织任何重大活动一无所知。根据常识可以判断出，作者是一名攀岩向导，自然对组织任何重大活动一无所知。故D选项切题。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。A. party聚会；B. cleanup打扫；C. picnic野餐；D. concert音乐会。句意：但在2004年，我和其他登山者定下了一个清理日。由下文“....come for the cleanup ......”可知，我和其他登山者定下了一个清理日。故B选项切题。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。A. dropped out辍学；B. showed up出现；C. looked around环顾四周；D. called back回电话。句意：在这一天，有超过300人到来。有超过300人来参加这个活动，由下文的“come”也可判断出，showed up“出现”符合句意。故B选项切题。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。 A. demand要求；B. receive接受；C. achieve取得D. overcome克服。句意：我们取得的成就令人惊讶。由“Over three days，we collected about 6,000 pounds of trash”可知，三天里，我们捡了大约‎6,000磅的垃圾。所以作者对于取得的成就令人惊讶。故C选项切题。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。A. plan计划；B. visit拜访；C. contact联系；D.difference不同。句意：我简直不敢相信我们所做的改变——公园看起来很干净！。由“ the park looked clean”可知，作者简直不敢相信他们所做的改变。故D选项切题。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。A. crossed穿过；B. measured测量；C. covered覆盖；D. designed设计。句意：仅在2007年，就有2,945人参加，总共捡了‎42,330磅的垃圾，足以覆盖132公里的道路。由“132 miles of roadway”可知， covered“覆盖”符合句意，以此说明垃圾的数量巨大。故C选项切题。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。A. complain抱怨；B. talk谈话；C. argue争论；D. quarrel争吵。句意：我经常听到有人抱怨自己身处的环境。由下文“complaining”可知，作者经常听到有人抱怨自己身处的环境。故A选项切题。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。A. doing作；B. thinking思考；C. questioning 询问；D. watching看。句意：如果你是其中之一，我想说的是动手做吧，只有这样才能有所改变，而不是抱怨。捡垃圾就是行动之一，不应该一直抱怨而不起动手做。故A选项切题。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。A. method方法；B. explanation解释；C. example例子；D. research研究。句意：我们需要以身作侧。作者告诫他人，不要一直抱怨，要有行动，且要以身作则，因为自己和很多人就是这么做的。故C选项切题。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 考查连词辨析。A. although尽管；B. if如果；C. unless除非；D. when当......时。句意：除非你从自己做起，否则不能责怪其他人。分析句子可知，本句为unless引导的条件状语从句。符合句意。故C选项切题。‎ 第二节 单项选择 （共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ ‎41.Is this the reason______ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?‎ A. he explained B. how he explained C. what he explained D. why he explained ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查关系代词。句意:这就是他在会上解释他工作粗心的原因吗？分析句子可知，本句为定语从句，先行词为the reason，在后面的定语从句中作explain的宾语，所以关系代词that/which 被省略。故A选项正确。‎ ‎【点睛】定语从句中关系词的选择可考虑以下三点：‎ ‎(1) 一看先行词的意义，即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用who或whom，指人时通常不用which等。‎ ‎(2) 二看关系词的句法功能，即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分，是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用whose，有时也用which；作状语要用when, where, why。‎ ‎(3) 三看定语从句的种类，即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句 分析句子可知，本句为定语从句，先行词为the reason，在后面的定语从句中作explain的宾语，所以关系代词that/which 被省略。故A选项正确。‎ ‎42.Astronomers have discovered that three planets have sizes and temperatures similar to _______ of Earth.‎ A. them B. these C. those D. ones ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查代词的指代。句意：天文学家发现了三个在大小和温度方面与地球相似的星球。根据句意可知此处是三个星球的大小和温度与地球的大小和温度相似， 因此空白处应该是代指复数名词sizes and temperatures。those代指上文中的可数名词复数。故选C。‎ ‎【点睛】one, ones, that, those与it的区分 ‎1.one指代上文提到的单数人的人或物,指“同一类中的一个”,表示泛指意义：即：a/an十单数可数名词；ones则代指可数名词，表泛指意义。 The population problem may be the greatest one of the world today.（one=a problem）‎ ‎2.that指上文出现的名词,表示同类的东西,一般不指人,既可指代可数名词单数,又可指代不可数名词,常要求有后置定语修饰,表特指。 The weather of this week is worse than that of last week.(that=the weather)‎ ‎3.those 用来代替复数可数名词,常要求有后置定语,表示特指，即the+复数可数名词。 The students in Class one are more than those in Class Two.(those=the students) 4.it 指上文提到的同一事物,与前面名词是同一物。 Is this book yours, I want to use it.(it=your book)‎ 在本题中，此处是三个星球的大小和温度与地球的大小和温度相似，代指的内容为复数名词sizes and temperatures，且表特指地球上大小和温度，故应用those。‎ ‎43. The chairman asked me to __________ the report, because he didn’t want to speak for too long at this meeting.‎ A. cut off B. cut away C. cut out D. cut down ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：主席要我把报告缩短，因为他在这次会议上不想讲太久。cut out v. 切掉，裁剪出，取代，停止；cut off v. 切断，断绝，剥夺继承权；cut up v. 切碎，抨击，歼灭，使丧气；cut down裁短；减少；把…砍倒[割掉]；<非正>驳倒。如：If you spend more than your income, can you try to cut down?‎ 如果你入不敷出，可以试着减少开支吗？‎ 考点：考查动词短语辨析 ‎44. The girl the teachers considered ____was caught ______ in the exam, which surprised us very much.‎ A. to be the best; to cheat B. to be the best; cheating C. being the best; cheating D. as the best student; to cheat ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 本题考查非谓语动词。consider sb.to be“把某人看作……”；catch sb.doing sth.“抓住某人正在做某事”。句意：那个被老师认为是最好的女孩考试时被发现作弊，这让我们很吃惊 ‎45.We believe you have been devoted to naturally of great necessity.‎ A. that; being B. all that; be C. that all; are D. what; is ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我们相信你所投入的自然是非常必要的。分析句子可知，believe后接宾语从句，宾语从句中to为介词后接what作宾语，所以连接词为what，故what you have been devoted to 为主语，谓语动词为第三人称单数is。故D选项正确。‎ ‎46.________ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.‎ A. The president will attend B. The president to attend C. The president attended D. The president’s attending ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 考查非谓语动词。根据句子判定缺主语，故用动名词短语作主语，故选D。‎ ‎47. You cannot imagine how she finished the race _____ her foot wounded so badly.‎ A. for B. when C. with D. while ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 本题考查with复合结构。句意：你根本就无法体会，在脚伤得那么厉害的情况下她是怎样完成接力比赛的。这里是一个with＋n./pron.＋done/adj.的复合结构。要注意her foot wounded so much 不是一个完整句子，所以不能用连词when，while，for引导。‎ ‎48. A local radio station said that several eruptions _____ in the past twenty years.‎ A. had been taken place B. took place C. have taken place D. had taken place ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 本题考查时态和take place的用法。take place 属不及物动词短语，无被动语态。由此可以排除A; in the past twenty years常用于完成时中，再结合句中的said可知，改用过去完成时。‎ ‎49. Was it through Mary _____ was working at a high school _____ you got to know Tom?‎ A. who；whom B. that；which C. who；that D. that；who ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查定语从句及强调句。句意：你是不是通过正在高中工作的玛丽认识汤姆的？第一空引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Mary，并在从句中作主语，故用who；第二空用that，与Was it through Mary一起构成强调句的一般疑问形式，被强调部分是作方式状语的介词短语through Mary。故C项正确。‎ 考点：考查定语从句及强调句 ‎50. By law，no party _____ give away the contents of the contract to the third party.‎ A. may B. can C. need D. shall ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查情态动词。句意：根据法律，任何一方不得向第三方泄露本合同有关内容。shall可用于第二/第三人称陈述句中,表示警告/许诺/命令/威胁/规定等语气.故选D。‎ ‎【学法指导】‎ Shall的用法 1. shall表义务，用于第二、第三人称。如： You shall do as you see me do.你照我的样子办。 He ‎ shall be punished if he disobeys.他若不服从就要受到处罚。 【注意】shall有时在从句中相当于must。如： It has been decided that the proposal shall not be opposed.已经决定不得反对这项提议。 2. shall表许诺，用于第二、第三人称，用于肯定句和否定句。如： Tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow. 告诉他这本书明天给他。 She shall get her share.她可以得到她的一份。 3. shall表征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，如： Shall we begin our lesson? 我们能开始讲课了吗？ When shall he be able to leave the hospital?什么时候他能出院呢？ 4.shall表示命令，警告、威胁、规定、必然性等，主要用于第二、三人称肯定句中，如： You shall fail if you don't work harder. 如果你不努力工作，你将会失败（警告） You shall...‎ 考点：考查情态动词 第三节 语法填空（共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分）‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Through travelling you can enjoy beautiful views and ______51______ ( broad ) your horizons. In summer, you’d better get on a cruise in the city of Chongqing which will take you to the Three Gorges, for those Jiangyou ships are usually too ______52______ ( crowd ). Near Yunyang, at the steep edge of the hills ______53______ ( stand ) the famous Zhang Fei Temple ______54______ ( surround ) by trees. Because smoking ______55______ ( forbid ) in the cabins, you have to go to the deck to smoke, ______56______ you can enjoy the beautiful scenery. You can see some fishermen ______57______ the distance. First, you will go through the Qutang Gorge, which narrows to 350 feet. Then you will sail through Wu Gorge and Xiling Gorge. However, _____58_____ impresses you most may be the Daning River in WuShang. There is immense _____59_____ ( mountain ) land on both banks of Yangtze River with only small areas of flat ____60____ ( plain ).‎ ‎【答案】51. broaden ‎ ‎52. crowded ‎ ‎53. stands 54. surrounded ‎ ‎55. is forbidden ‎ ‎56. where 57. in ‎ ‎58. what 59. mountainous ‎ ‎60. plains ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。短文向读者介绍了游览三峡的路线以及沿途的景色。‎ ‎【51题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：通过旅行，你可以欣赏到美丽的景色，开阔视野。分析句子可知，and连接的是enjoy和broaden两个并列谓语。故填 broaden。‎ ‎【52题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：夏天，你最好在重庆坐游轮去三峡，因为江油号船通常都是太拥挤了。分析句子可知，本句为for引导的原因状语从句。从句的结构为主系表结构。故填crowded。‎ ‎【53题详解】‎ 考查一般现在时。句意：在云阳附近，山峰陡峭的边缘矗立着著名的张飞寺，周围树木环绕。分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时，且为全部倒装句，本句的主语为the famous Zhang Fei Temple，所以谓语为stands。故填stands。‎ ‎【54题详解】‎ 考查过去分词。句意：在云阳附近，山峰陡峭的边缘矗立着著名的张飞寺，周围树木环绕。分析句子可知，the famous Zhang Fei Temple与surround在逻辑上是被动关系，所以用过去分词做定语。故填surrounded。‎ ‎【55题详解】‎ 考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：由于船舱内禁止吸烟，您必须到甲板吸烟，在那里您可以欣赏到美丽的景色。分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时，主语smoking 与谓语forbid 为被动。故填is forbidden。‎ ‎【56题详解】‎ 考查关系副词。句意：由于船舱内禁止吸烟，您必须到甲板吸烟，在那里您可以欣赏到美丽的景色。分析句子可知，the deck为先行词，在后面的定语从句中，作地点状语，所以关系副词为where。故填where。‎ ‎【57题详解】‎ 考查介词。句意：你可以看到远处的渔民。in the distance “在远处”为固定短语。故填 in。‎ ‎【58题详解】‎ 考查连接代词。句意：然而，给你印象最深的可能是巫山县的大宁河。分析句子可知，本句为主语从句，在主语从句中，缺少主语，所以用what来充当主语。且符合句意。故填what。‎ ‎【59题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：长江两岸山地辽阔，平原面积小。mountainous为形容词来修饰名词land。故填mountainous。‎ ‎【60题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：长江两岸山地辽阔，平原面积小。flat为形容词修饰名词plain。长江两岸不止一个平原，所以应填plain的复数plains。故填plains。‎ ‎【点睛】what常用来引导名词性从句，即主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句.what在引导名词性从句时有两个重要的特点：‎ 一是它在相应的名词性从句中一定有含义，常表示“什么”，“所…的”，“…的样子”等.‎ 二是它在相应的名词性从句中一定做成分，而且常做主语，宾语或表语.‎ 分析小题8的句子可知，本句为主语从句，在主语从句中，缺少主语，所以用what来充当主语。且符合句意。故填what。‎ 第三部分 写作（共两节, 满分30分）‎ 第一节 短文改错 (满分10分)‎ ‎61.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处，每处仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(^)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。‎ 注意: 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ Today the number of the netizens in our country have increased rapidly, yet many of them do not pay enough attention to the family. It is no doubt that we benefit much from the Internet. For an example, it’s convenient for us to get the informations we need and communicate with our friends and relatives. Meanwhile, it could help us learn that is happening both at home and abroad. Therefore, no matter how attractive the Internet is, we shouldn’t separated from our loved ones. We should stop surf the Internet and spend time with our families, enjoying the time when you are together.‎ ‎【答案】have→has It→There 去掉an informations→information could→can that→what Therefore→However shouldn’t后加be surf→surfing you→we ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了尽管互联网很有吸引力，但我们应该少上网、多花时间与家人在一起。‎ ‎【详解】第一处：考查主谓一致。句意：如今，我们网民的数量迅速增长。the number of（……的数量）作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数，故have改为has。‎ 第二处：考查固定句式。句意：毫无疑问，我们从互联网中获益匪浅。there is no doubt that…表示“毫无疑问的是”，故It改为There。‎ 第三处：考查冠词。句意：例如，我们很方便就能获得我们需要的信息并与朋友和亲戚交流。for example表示“例如”，故去掉an。‎ 第四处：考查名词。句意参考上题解析，information是不可数名词，没有复数形式，故informations改为information。‎ 第五处：考查情态动词。句意：同时，它可以帮助我们了解国内外正在发生的事情。表示“可以、能够”时，can用于现在时态，could用于过去时态，故could改为can。‎ 第六处：考查宾语从句。句意参考上题解析，分析句子结构可知，此处为宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，故that改为what。‎ 第七处：考查副词。句意：然而，无论互联网有多么吸引人，我们都不应该与所爱的人分离。根据句意可知，前后是转折而非因果关系，故Therefore改为However。‎ 第八处：考查语态。句意参考上题解析，we与separate之间是被动关系，应该用被动语态，故shouldn’t后加be。‎ 第九处：考查非谓语动词。句意：我们应该停止上网，花时间和家人在一起，享受我们在一起的时光。stop doing表示“停止做某事”，故surf改为surfing。‎ 第十处：考查代词。句意参考上题解析，根据句意可知此处表示“我们”，故you改为we。‎ 第二节 书面表达（满分20分）‎ ‎62.第24届冬季奥林匹克运动会，简称“北京张家口冬奥会”，将于2022年在北京市和张家口市联合举行。假设你是红星中学高一的学生李华，获悉冬奥组委在全国范围内正在招募志愿者，请用英语写一封自荐信，申请成为北京张家口冬奥会7月至8月的志愿者。信的内容包括：‎ ‎1 表达愿望;‎ ‎2. 自荐理由;‎ ‎3. 恳请获准。‎ 注意：1. 词数100左右; 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ 提示词：2022北京张家口冬奥会：2022 Beijing -Zhangjiakou Winter Olympic Games 奥组委：Olympic Committee Dear Sir or Madam,‎ I am LiHua, a Senior One student from HongXing school. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Yours,‎ LiHua ‎【答案】Dear Sir or Madam,‎ I am LiHua, a Senior One student from HongXing school. On hearing the inspiring news that you’re recruiting volunteers for 2022 Beijing-Zhangjiakou Winter Olympic Games, I can hardly wait to recommend myself.‎ I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed. First of all, as requested, I have a good command of English, especially spoken English, thus making it possible for me to communicate with foreigners with fluency and accuracy. Besides, enthusiasm and good manners, which are of significance to build a harmonious and friendly atmosphere, are also what I possess. ‎ If chosen, I will spare no effort to help those in need and guarantee our foreign guests a pleasant stay. I would greatly appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration. Looking forward to your reply.‎ Yours,‎ LiHua ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这一篇应用文，要求写一封信。‎ ‎【详解】第一步：审题。审题目的是获取重要信息。通过审题我们可以确定几个方面的信息。第一，1. 表达愿望;2. 自荐理由;3. 恳请获准。第二，人称为第一人称。第三，时态以一般现在时为主，兼用一般将来时。‎ 第二步：布局段落，确定主要段落，次要段落，段落数量。这篇写作段落数量为三段。第一段，简短地介绍自己，表达愿望。第二段，自荐理由。第三段，恳请获准。‎ 第三步：确定关键词汇和短语: guarantee, recommend , enthusiasm and good manners, recruit volunteers for 2022 Beijing-Zhangjiakou Winter Olympic Games, be competent to do sth ,have a good command of ,spoken English,‎ ‎ communicate with, build a harmonious and friendly atmosphere, spare no effort to do sth ,take my application into consideration。‎ 第四步：确定较为高级的句子:省略that的定语从句I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed. 现在分词作状语First of all, as requested, I have a good command of English, especially spoken English, thus making it possible for me to communicate with foreigners with fluency and accuracy. What引导的表语从句Besides, enthusiasm and good manners, which are of significance to build a harmonious and friendly atmosphere, are also what I possess. If 引导的条件状语I would greatly appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration。‎ 第五步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连接词进行过渡衔接:First of all，Besides。‎ 第六步：注意书写，保持卷面整洁，避免划线，乱擦。‎ ‎【点睛】文章思路清晰，语言规范，段落整齐，语篇连贯，层次清晰。使用了较为高级的句式:省略that的定语从句I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed. 现在分词作状语First of all, as requested, I have a good command of English, especially spoken English, thus making it possible for me to communicate with foreigners with fluency and accuracy. What引导的表语从句Besides, enthusiasm and good manners, which are of significance to build a harmonious and friendly atmosphere, are also what I possess. If 引导的条件状语I would greatly appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration。‎ 高级句式的应用提升了写作的档次，整个短文显示出了作者高水平的英语表达能力。‎