【英语】2018届人教版选修六一轮复习Unit5Thepowerofnature单元学案设计（27页）

【英语】2018届人教版选修六一轮复习Unit5Thepowerofnature单元学案设计（27页）

‎2018届人教版选修6一轮复习:Unit5The power of nature单元学案设计 一 单元话题阅读 What is a volcano?‎ A volcano is a vent or 'chimney' that connects molten rock (magma) to the Earth's surface. It includes the surrounding cone of built-up material. Magma erupting from a volcano is called lava. Gases and pieces of rock erupt from volcanoes too. ‎ A volcano is active if it erupts lava, releases gas or shows seismic activity. It is dormant if it hasn't erupted for a long time but could again one day. An extinct volcano will never erupt again.‎ The explosiveness of a volcanic eruption depends on how easily magma can flow and the amount of gas trapped in it. Large amounts of water and carbon dioxide are dissolved in magma. They behave like gas in fizzy drinks. After opening the bottle the gas expands, forming bubbles that escape. This also happens when magma rises quickly through the crust - gas bubbles form and expand up to 1000 times their original size.‎ Types of volcanoes The shape of a volcano is related to how it erupts. ‎ Composite volcano - also known as a strato-volcano. If magma from an erupting volcano is thick and sticky (viscous) it is very hard for gas bubbles to expand. They can force the magma apart suddenly, blasting it into tiny pieces called volcanic ash. These eruptions are very explosive and create steep cones of ash and rocks. They sometimes create layers of lava, hot ash clouds called pyroclastic flows and dangerous mudflows. A volcano in Papua New Guinea, is an example of a Composite volcano.‎ Shield volcanoes - When magma is runny (not viscous) gases can escape easily. These eruptions are not very explosive and lots of magma reaches the surface to form lava flows. This type of volcano makes a cone built up from layers of lava. Because the lava flows easily, the cone is broad and has a flattened dome-like shape. Kilauea volcano in Hawaii is an example of a shield volcano.‎ Caldera volcano - erupts so explosively that little material builds up near the vent. Eruptions empty part or all of the underlying magma chamber, leaving the region around the vent unsupported and causing the region to sink under its own weight. This results in a basin-shaped depression that is roughly circular and is usually several kilometres or more in diameter. The lava erupted is the most viscous and generally the coolest.‎ The Societal Effects of Volcanoes ‎ Volcanoes are known for their violent eruptions and lava flows, but there are many benefits that volcanoes provide for society. Volcanoes help enrich soil for farming and in some cases provide reservoirs for the storage of ground water (Chester 186). Moreover the earth's valuable resources are formed in volcanoes. ‎ These elements include fluorine, sulfur, zinc, copper, lead, arsenic, tin, molybdenum, uranium, tungsten, silver, mercury, and gold (Chester 186). Society makes use of all of these elements that volcanoes help to provide. Geothermal power is an alternate energy source that is better for the environment and volcanoes provide this to society also. Volcanoes even help us understand past civilizations and cultures. The lava preserves fossils and artifacts that scientists can learn from (Chester 186). The picture below is a fossilized fish that was preserved by volcanoes. ‎ There are five gases that are produced by volcanic activity. All of these gases are harmful except for water vapor. These five gases are water vapor, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, fluorine, and chlorine. Carbon dioxide is one of the main causes of the Greenhouse effect, but there are not significant amounts for the carbon dioxide emitted from volcanic eruptions to contribute to the Greenhouse effect. Humanity is responsible for emitting 110 billion tons of carbon dioxide each year, while volcanoes only contribute 10 billion tons (Fisher). Sulfur dioxide can have a short-term effect on the weather. A sulfuric acid aerosol can remain in the atmosphere for years after an eruption (Fisher). This aerosol blocks the sun and causes cooler temperatures globally. The sulfur dioxide eventually depletes, but is replenished by each eruption rich in sulfur dioxide. Fluorine can be a deadly to animals after an eruption. It tends to condense in rain and coat grasses and plants (Fisher). The fluorine is poisonous to animals that eat the fluorine-coated grass and plants. Chlorine is emitted as hydrochloric acid into the atmosphere. Chlorine destroys the ozone layer that protects the DNA of plants and animals (Fisher). Water vapor is the only one of these gases that helps society by replenishing the water supply. ‎ There are many hazards from volcanic eruptions. The different kinds of hazards can be lava flows, pyroclastic fall deposits, volcanic gases, tsunamis, and many more (Chester 193). Lava flows have killed a relatively small number of people. The majority of the damage to society from volcanoes is economic, agricultural, and settlements can be ruined (Chester 186). The damages can be increased with the ‎ change of human population is certain areas. The more people that live in hazardous areas, the higher the risk is. ‎ A way to limit the hazards is the prediction of eruptions. There are two options for predicting volcanic activity: general prediction and specific prediction. General prediction is the study of past volcanic activity that can predict the frequency, magnitude, and style of eruptions (Chester 196). Specific prediction focuses on predicting the actual time of eruptions. This time is found based on surveillance of the volcano and monitoring its changes (Chester 194). The success of prediction depends on a lot of time and money that puts more advanced nations ahead of the poorer countries. ‎ Many people believe that there is action that should be taken on an international level to improve the monitoring of volcanoes. They propose that we use satellites to keep an eye on the shape of volcanoes. Mass production of seismographs, tiltmeters, and gas detectors would observe seismic activity, ground deformation, and gas emission (Chester 192). These advancements would possibly help to figure out how volcanic plumbing works. Scientists also suggest that we test climatic change and study ice cores to find emissions from past eruptions (Chester 192). All of these options would help us maintain a low risk factor for future eruptions. ‎ ‎ Volcanoes provide a multitude of benefits that unfortunately bring high risks with them. Do volcanoes have a positive or negative effect on society? The answer to this question does not have a black and white answer. There are the positive effects of enriched soil and their help in creating earth's early atmospheres and minerals. The negative effects seem to over power the positive ones on the short term. The risk of possible death and serious injury is frightening, but not that common of an effect. The real negative effects come from the gases emitted during volcanic eruptions. Chlorine and sulfur dioxide are extremely harmful to the Earth and its environment, but man needs to stop polluting to help limit the effects of volcanoes. ‎ The eruptions of Mount St. Helens in 1980 are a good example of the effects on society of volcanic activity. On March 27, 1980 Mount St. Helens erupted, creating an ash plume about two kilometers above the volcano and an eighty-meter wide crater ‎ ‎(Tilling 99). In the next few weeks there were more violent eruptions that emitted and ash column 24 kilometers into the atmosphere and approximately 1.1 kilometers of ash was ejected (Tilling 99). The human casualties of these eruptions are 57 lives lost, and numerous injuries. There was over $1 billion dollars in damages to the communities surrounding Mount St. Helens. Many communication and transportation systems were disrupted due to the eruptions. The tourist industry was greatly effected immediately following the eruptions, but now the volcano has become a tourist attraction. ‎ Volcanoes are natural wonders that should be appreciated and studied. As a society we need to make the best use of the resources that volcanoes provide for us. There are many negative effects, but there are a few positive ones too. We also need to be careful to limit the hazards of volcanoes as much as possible. ‎ 一 单元基础回顾 词汇 ‎ 四会词汇：volcano erupt eruption ash hurricane adventure bore excite evaluate unfortunate unfortunately fountain absolute absolutely fantastic crater potential impress precious novelist cancel effort relieve tremble sweat anxiety anxious panic courage typhoon heaven diverse diversity unique bathe swallow guarantee 词组：compare …with burn to the ground make an effort make one’s way ‎ glance through vary from … to ‎ ‎3. 语法：the –ing form used as adverbial in a sentence ‎ looking carefully at the ground , I made my way to the edge of the crater.‎ ‎ Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didn’t take much notice.‎ ‎1．volcano n.‎ pl. volcanoes ‎ an active volcano 活火山 an extinct volcano 死火山 a dormant volcano休眠火山 知识拓展 火山学 volcanology -logy: “…… 学/论。”‎ ‎ oceanology climatology 火山学家 volcanologist -ist “……学家 ”‎ ‎ pianist physicist ‎2. Have you ever considered how weak humans are compared with a volcano, hurricane or earthquake? ‎ consider大致有两种含义。含义不同，用法有别。‎ 知识拓展 ‎①consider作“考虑”解，常用于以下句型：‎ consider+名词/代词/动名词 consider+从句或“疑问词+不定式”。‎ You’d better__________________________. ‎ 你最好考虑我的建议。‎ I’m _________________abroad some day.‎ 我一直考虑有一天出国。‎ Have you considered_________________?‎ 你们考虑他的建议了吗？‎ We must consider________________.‎ 我们必须考虑下一步要做什么。‎ Keys:‎ consider my suggestion considering going what he suggested; what to do next ‎②consider作“认为”解时，常用于以下句型：‎ consider sb. /sth+ (as) +形容词/名词 其中，as可以省略。‎ consider +sb./sth.+不定式 其中，不定式通常是to be (可以省略) 或其他动词的完成式。‎ consider +it+形容词/名词+不定式短语 consider+宾语从句 At first they considered me___________________.‎ 起初他们认为我是医生。‎ We consider this matter________________________________.我们认为这件事很重要。‎ We all consider him _______________the bike.我们都认为他偷了自行车。‎ We________________________________________.‎ 我们认为学好英语很难。‎ I consider____________________________________________. 我认为帮助你学习英语是我的职责。‎ We________________________________________________. 我们这首音乐很值得一听。 ‎ Keys:‎ ‎(as) a doctor (to be) very important to have stolen consider it hard to learn English well it my duty to help you with your studies consider that the music is well worth listening to ‎3. Sometimes working indoors…, I’m never bored.‎ bore vt 使(人)厌烦 ‎---I am sorry I spoke for so long ‎---I hope I didn’t bore you.‎ bored adj. (人) 厌烦的 boring adj. （物）令人厌烦的 Are you getting bored of doing the same thing every day? ‎ The movie was so boring that I fell asleep ‎ The life is more and more boring, so many people become more and more bored. 生活越来越无聊,所以很多人也变得越来越无聊 ‎ ‎4. Many houses have been covered with lava or burnt to the ground. ‎ burn to the ground (楼房等)完全烧毁 他无处栖身因为他的房子被烧掉了.‎ He has no place to live in because his house has been burnt to the ground. ‎ 知识拓展 burn up 烧完; 烧尽; 烧光;烧旺起来 ‎ burn down烧成平地(烧毁,烧光) burn off烧掉 burn out烧掉 Don't leave the gas on you might burn the house down.‎ 别忘了关煤气炉--不然会把房子烧掉的.‎ The house burnt down in half an hour.‎ 那所房子在半小时之内就被焚为平地.‎ All the wood has been burnt up.‎ 木柴全部烧光了。‎ burn off 烧掉 Burn the old paint off before re-painting the door.‎ 先把门上的旧漆烧掉再上新漆.‎ burn out 烧掉 The hotel was completely burnt out.‎ 该旅馆毁於大火.‎ If he doesn't stop working so hard, he'll burn himself out.‎ 他继续这样拚命地工作，就会累垮的。‎ ‎5. We slowly made our way to the edge of the crater. ‎ make one’s way （向某地）走（去）‎ make one's way in life 事业有所成就 ‎ make way (for) 让路，让位 He made his way through the crowd to greet us.‎ 他穿过人群向我们打招呼。‎ All the traffic has to make way for a fire engine. 所有的车辆都得给救火车让道。‎ If you want to make your way in the world, you must learn to work hard ‎ while you are still young. 你若想要有 出息，趁年轻的时候要学会发奋。‎ 知识拓展 feel one’ way摸索前进 push one’s way挤过 find one’s way找到路，设法到达 go one’s way走自己的路，我行我素 fight one’s way奋勇前进 wind one’s /its way蜿蜒前进 lose one’s way迷路 ‎6. Today, I am just as enthusiastic about my job as the day I first started. ‎ be enthusiastic (about) 感兴趣的，热心的 He is enthusiastic about helping others .他热心助人。 I'm really very enthusiastic about it.我对此真的非常热心。‎ Despite all our efforts we still lost the game.‎ ‎7. She made an effort to be nice to her boss.‎ effort n. 努力; 力气; 努力的成果 make an effort to do sth 努力做某事：‎ It took a lot effort to lift the boxes. ‎ 抬起那些箱子要花很大的力气。‎ Despite all our efforts we still lost the game.‎ 尽管我们尽了全力，我们还是输掉了比赛。‎ Put more effort into your work.‎ 你要更加努力地工作。‎ Your success lies upon your effort.‎ 你成功与否取决于你的努力。‎ He made an effort to arrive on time 他尽量准时到达。‎ ‎8. Having collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast it will flow.‎ 本句为–ing形式的完成式作状语。如果分词表示的动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生，该分词用完成式。 例如：　　　　　　 ‎ Not having met the man before, I couldn't recognize him at first. Having finished my homework, I went to play football. ‎ ‎______ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks. (C)‎ A. Not completing B. Not completed ‎ C. Not having completed D. Having not completed 单元语法总结 小结-ing 形式的用法 1) ‎–ing 形式作状语 用法 例句 时间 Walking along the street, I met Mary. (= While I was walking along the street….)在街上走的时候，我遇到了玛丽。‎ 条件 Turning to the left, you will find the school. (= If you turn to the left, ….)向左走，你就会找到那个学校 让步 Knowing where I live, he never come to see me .(= Though he knows where I live, ….)尽管他知道我的住处，但从不来看我。‎ 伴随 I stood there, waiting for her. (= …, and waited for her.)我站在那儿等她 原因 Being tired , I stopped to take a rest. (= Because I was tired, ….)因为疲倦，我停下来休息。‎ 结果 It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in the area.(= It rained heavily so that it caused severe flooding in the area.)在这个地方雨下的如此大，以至引发了洪灾。‎ ‎2) –ing形式的完成式 ‎ ‎ ‎3）. 使用-ing形式需注意的几个问题:‎ ‎.①分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果不一致，必须 用独立主格结构来表示，也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。 ‎ My wife had a long talk with Sally, explaining why she didn’t want the ‎ ‎ children to play together我妻子与莎莉谈了很长时间，解释她为什么不想让 孩子们在一起玩。(现在分词explaining是句子主语my wife做的动作，它 们之间是主动关系,即explaining的逻辑主语，就是句子的主语my wife 。) The train having gone, we had to wait another day.（the train逻辑主语 + ‎ having gone 既为独立主格结构） ‎ ‎②分词短语做状语时，前面可以加上连词或 介词，但是分词短语和句子之间不能用并列连词(如but，and)，因为并列连词接的是两个并列成分，而分词短语只是全句的一个状语部分。分词和主句之间可用逗号。 ‎ 例如: 误: Having been told many times，but he still couldn’t understand it. 正: He was told many times, but he still couldn’t understand it.或 Having been told many times， he still couldn’t understand it.‎ ‎③-ing的一般式和完成式现在分词都可以表示先后接连发生的动作。在可能引起误解的场合应该用完成式现在分词表示先发生的动作。‎ 例如:‎ Opening the drawer，he took out his wallet. (=He opened the drawer and took ‎ out his wallet.)他打开抽屉，拿出钱包。‎ Coming into the room，he put down his bag. (=he came into the room and put ‎ down his bag.)他走进房间，放下提包。‎ Having brushed his teeth，Mr. Brown came downstairs for breakfast.‎ 布朗先生刷过牙，就下楼来吃早饭。 (此句如写成:Brushing his teeth, ‎ Mr. Brown came downstairs for breakfast.可能指“边刷牙，边下楼’。‎ ‎④分词的否定形式是在分词短语前面加上 not, never等否定词构成。‎ 例如: Not fearing the fire, the child touched and got a finger burnt. ‎ 小孩儿不知道怕火，用手去摸，把手指烫了。 Not knowing how to find the subway, I asked a policeman for help. 我不知道怎 ‎ 样找到地铁，就去找警察帮忙。 ‎ 三 单元写作指导 ‎1. Choose one of the natural disasters or any other disaster you have experienced. 2. Make a timeline to show the order in which the events happened. For example:‎ ‎10am left holiday house to walk in the mountains ‎12am saw dark clouds in the sky, started to go back ‎12:30pm snowstorm started ‎1:00pm we were completely lost ‎… …‎ ‎3. Spend a few minutes on your own imagining your experiences and how you felt. Now imagine you are safely back home. Write a dairy entry about your experience.‎ A possible version:‎ Jane and I had been waking in the mountains when we noticed some dark clouds coming down the mountain. We decided to turn around and go home.‎ ‎ As we walked the clouds got nearer and nearer and the day grew darker. Then all of a sudden it began to snow. It was soon snowing so hard we couldn’t see very far in front of us. Holding each others’ hands so we couldn’t get separated, we continued down the mountain. Butthe snow got deeper and deeper. Walking became harder and harder. We began to get very tired and very frightened.‎ After a while the path became buried under the snow and we didn’t know which way to go. We were completely lost. We found some shelter behind a big rock. Hugging each other for warmth, we stayed like that until the storm was over. Luckily it only lasted an hour or two. Then the sun came out again and we could see our house in the distance. We were so relieved we both burst into tears.‎ 单元综合知识运用 知识目标 I.单词拼写（根据汉语提示或首字母）‎ 1. The story ___________ (使兴奋) the little boy very much.‎ 2. On hot days we often go ____________ (洗澡) in the river.‎ 3. I can’t ____________ (评价) his ability without seeing his work.‎ 4. I got into a ____________ (惊慌) when I found the door was locked.‎ 5. He studied the German market to find the ___________ (可能性) there for investment.‎ 6. It was a cold, wet day and the children were b______________.‎ 7. It’s many years since Mount Vesuvius last e____________.‎ 8. He drew f__________ animals with two heads and large wings.‎ 9. I’m a___________ to get home to open my presents.‎ 10. ‎.They had to c____________ tomorrow’s footable match because ‎ of the bad weather.‎ II.词组活用 make one’s way make an effort compare…with ‎ glance through take a risk 1. ‎_________________ most women, she was indeed very fortunate.‎ 2. I’ll _______________ to arrive on time.‎ 3. He _____________ the list and chose one immediately.‎ 4. With these words, the speaker ______________ towards the exit of the hall.‎ 5. You are ____________ in trusting him.‎ III.句型转换 ‎1．A. He always wears sunglasses because sunshine is bad to his eyes.‎ ‎ B. He always wears sunglasses to _______________ his eyes ________ sunshine.‎ ‎2. A. As soon as the thief saw the policeman, he ran away quickly.‎ ‎ B. _______ __________ the policeman, the thief ran away quickly .‎ ‎3. A. It’s getting late. We should go back to the hotel soon.‎ ‎ B. It’s getting late. We should ________ __________ __________ to the hotel soon..‎ ‎4. A. If we could all do our best to keep this office tidier it would help.‎ ‎ B. If we could all _______ _______ _________ to keep this office tidier it would help.‎ ‎5. A. I was just beginning to talk about this question. Just then you interrupted me.‎ ‎ B. I was _________ to talk about this question __________ then you interrupted me.‎ 英语知识运用 第一节：单词填空 ‎1.---Did you listen to the lecture ?‎ ‎---Yes, I have never heard such a ___________ one.‎ A. more exciting B. more excited C. most exciting D. most excited 1. There are so many people that he has to ____________ his way through them.‎ ‎ A. force B. make C. take D. get 1. People who do not smoke have less ____________ of suffering from lung cancer than those who do so.‎ ‎ A. potential B. cause C. hope D. choice ‎4._____________ other good students, the teacher thinks, Hank is ____________ student.‎ ‎ A.Compared with; a most satisfied B. Compared to; the most satisfied ‎ C. Compared to; the satisfying D. Compared with; a more satisfying ‎5.They were ___________ their daughter being out so late at night, and very ________ her return.‎ ‎ A.anxious for; anxious about B. eager for; eager about ‎ C. anxious about; anxious for D. anxious about; eager about ‎6.The patient was warned ________ oily food after the operation.‎ ‎ A .to eat not B. eating not ‎ C. not to eat D. not eating ‎ ‎7.There are a great _________ flowers shown in the park and _________ people go to have a look A. plenty of; many B. diversity of; many ‎ C. diverse; many a D. diversity; a few ‎ ‎8.The teacher glanced _________ this student who was busy________ a picture.‎ A. to; drawing B. at; draw ‎ C. at; drawing D. at; to draw ‎9.It ________ that there will be no war in the world.‎ ‎ A. hopes B. is hoping C. hoped D. is hoped ‎10.I don’t think _________ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.‎ ‎ A.this B. that C. its D. it’s 1. You’ve made ___________ mistakes in the writing ________ we can’t quite catch what you meant ‎ A.such many; so B. many of; that ‎ C. so many; that D. too many; that 2. The football match was said ________ in Rome, but it was held in London at last.‎ ‎ A. to have been held B. to be holding ‎ C. to hold D. to have held ‎ 3. The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _________ that he ‎ had enjoyed his stay here.‎ ‎ A. having added B. to add ‎ C. adding D. added ‎ ‎14.___________ any biscuits that morning, we had nothing to eat.‎ A. Not baking B. Not having baked ‎ C. Not being baked D. Not having been baked ‎ ‎15.---What’s the matter with you ?‎ ‎ --- ________ the window, we had nothing to eat.‎ A. Cleaning B. To clean ‎ C. While cleaning D. While I was cleaning 第二节 完形填空（共20小题，每小题1分，满分20分）‎ 阅读下面短文,掌握其大意，然后从26---45各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中,选出最佳选项。‎ It is commonly believed that school is where people go to get education. 16 , it has been said that today children 27 their education to go to school. The 28 between schooling and education suggested by this is important.‎ Education is 29 , compared with schooling. Education knows no 30 . It can take place ‎ ‎ 31 , whether in the shower or on the job, whether in a kitchen or on a tractor. It includes both the 32 learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of learning out of class. 33 the experience of schooling can be known in advance, education quite often produces 34 . A chance talk with a 35 may lead to a person to discover how 36 he knows of another country. People obtain education from 37 on. Education, 38 , is a very 39 and unlimited term. It is lifelong experience that starts long 40 the start of school, and one that should be a necessary part of one’s entire life.‎ Schooling, on the other hand, is a 41 experience, whose style changes 42 from one way to the next. Throughout a country, children arrive at school at the same time, take 43 seats, use similar textbooks, do homework, and 44 , and so on. Schooling has usually been 45 by the edges of the subjects being taught.‎ ‎26. A. Then B. However C. Thus D. Therefore ‎27. A. understand B. need C. enjoy D. interrupt ‎28. A. difference B. importance C. use D. problem ‎29. A. unexpected B. endless C. countless D. simple ‎30. A. answers B. ways C. edges D. meanings ‎31. A. anywhere B. anywhere else C. somewhere D. somewhere else ‎32. A. part – time B. public C. standard D. strict ‎33. A. If B. Because C. So D. Though ‎34. A. pride B. surprises C. knowledge D. progress ‎35. A. neighbor B. friend C. foreigner D. teacher ‎36. A. wonderfully B. well C. greatly D. little ‎37. A. babies B. grown – ups C. women D. men ‎38. A. still B. next C. then D. yet ‎39. A. long B. broad C. narrow D. short ‎40. A. that B. when C. after D. before ‎41. A. basic B. strict C. final D. irregular ‎42. A. unusually B. differently C. little D. frequently ‎43. A. large B. new C. fixed D. small ‎44. A. take exams B. hold exams C. mark papers D. read papers ‎45. A. changed B. limited C. chosen D. controlled 第三部分： 阅读理解（共20小题，每题2分，满分40分）‎ 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。‎ A WASHINGTON—There are more than 222million TVs in American homes . And it would make Frank Vespe very happy this week if every last one was turned off .‎ Vespe is the head of the TV—Turnoff Net —work , the Washington organization behind TV Turnoff Week .‎ For TV Turnoff week , American children are encouraged to go one week without watching TV. This year , it runs from April 23~29 .‎ ‎“Our real message here is to see what life is like without TV and then make watching TV a conscious （自觉的）decision ,” said Vespe .‎ Vespe said that most of the children who go without television for a week go back to watching , but not as much . “They watch more selectively . They do more things as a family . It helps them put TV in its place .”‎ One girl who is turning off her TV is Sarah Foote ,9, of Virginia .‎ Sarch admits that it won’t be too hard to give up TV . She’s allowed to watch only educational television , and her favorite show from last year isn’t on any more .‎ Of course , there are plenty of things about TV: programs can be entertaining , even educational .‎ Even so , some experts aren’t sure TV Turnoff Week is the answer .‎ Susan Neuman , a university educator who studies children and reading , says the real problem is that parents do not keep track of what their children are watching .They don’t set limits on TV watching . Also , in some families , TV might be the only thing there is to do .‎ What message does Sarah have for other children ?‎ ‎“It’s a very good idea . I spent a whole week without TV . It also teaches you to enjoy time doing different things and not being sucked into something on TV , because you don’t want TV taking up all of your time ,” Sarah said .‎ ‎46. From the passage we know that .‎ ‎ A. American TV companies will be turned off ‎ ‎ B. Vespe is very happy as very TV set was turned off ‎ ‎ C. Vespe has persuaded most people to turn off their TV sets ‎ ‎ D. Vespe is an active person in the TV—Turnoff organization ‎ ‎47. As Vespe said in this passage ,turning off TV a week can help children .‎ ‎ A. forget to watch TV programmes B. improve their habits of watching TV ‎ C. place TV sets out of their bedrooms D. see what life is like without watching TV ‎48. In some experts’ opinion , .‎ ‎ A. parents should turn off TV for their children ‎ ‎ B. parents should direct their children how to use TV ‎ C. children should enjoy exciting programmes on TV ‎ D. children should learn their lessons on TV ‎49. What’s the author’s purpose in writing this passage ?‎ ‎ A. To advise us to turn off TV sets . B. To warn parents of the danger of TV .‎ ‎ C. To report to us a piece of news about TV. D. To praise Vespe and his organization .‎ B Unless we spend money to prevent asteroids 小行星）now , one might crash into Earth and destroy life as we know it , some scientists say .‎ ‎ Asteroids are bigger ones of the meteoroids 流星）that run across the night sky .‎ ‎ Most orbit the sun far from the earth and don’t threaten us . But there are also thousands of asteroids whose orbits put them on a collision（碰撞）course with Earth .‎ ‎ Buy $50 million worth of new telescopes right now . Then spend $ 10million a year for the next 25 years to find the position of most of the space rocks . By the time we pick out a key one , the scientists say , we’ll have a way to change its course .‎ ‎ Some scientists favor pushing asteroids off course with nuclear weapons . But the cost wouldn’t be cheap .‎ Is it worth it ? Two things experts consider when judging any danger are :How likely the event is ; How bad the results will be if the event happens . Experts think an asteroid big enough to destroy lots of lives might strike Earth once every 500,000 years . Sounds pretty rare —but if one did fall , it would be the end of the world . “If we don’t take care of these big asteroids , they’ll take care of us ,” says one scientist , “It’s that simple .”‎ The cure , though , might be worse than the disease . Do we really want fleets of nuclear weapons sitting around on Earth ? “The world has less to fear from the rocks than from a great nuclear fleet set against them ,”said a New York Times article .‎ ‎50. What does the passage say about asteroids and meteoroids ?‎ ‎ A. They are heavenly bodies similar in nature .‎ ‎ B. They are heavenly bodies different in nature .‎ ‎ C. There are more asteroids than meteoroids .‎ ‎ D. Asteroids are more secret than meteoroids .‎ ‎51. What do scientists say about the collision of an asteroid with Earth ?‎ ‎ A. It is very unlikely but the danger exists .‎ ‎ B. Such a collision might happen once every 25 years .‎ ‎ C. It’s still too early to say whether such a collision might happen .‎ ‎ D. Collisions of asteroids with Earth happen more often than expected .‎ ‎52. What do people think of the suggestion of using nuclear weapons to change the course of ‎ asteroids ?‎ ‎ A. It sounds practical but may not solve the problem .‎ ‎ B. It may create more problems than it might solve .‎ ‎ C. It is a waste of money because a collision with Earth is very unlikely .‎ ‎ D. Further research should be done before it proves workable .‎ ‎53. We can conclude from the passage that .‎ ‎ A. while pushing asteroids off course nuclear weapons would destroy the world.‎ ‎ B. asteroids running across the night sky are likely to hit Earth in the near future ‎ C. the worry about asteroids can be left to further generations since it’s unlikely to happen in ‎ our time .‎ ‎ D. workable ways still have to be found to prevent a collision of asteroids with Earth C Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it’s painful ? This might be called laziness , but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation . He has proved that ‎ everyone has a daily energy cycle .‎ During the hours when you labour through your work , you may say that you’re “hot”. That’s true . The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak . For some people that peak comes during the forenoon . For others it comes in the afternoon or evening . No one has discovered why this is so , but it leads to such familiar monologues （自言自语）as “Get up , John ! You’ll be late for work again !” The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature—and —energy peak in the evening . Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean , and which cycle each member of the family has .‎ You can’t change your energy cycle , but you can make your life fit it better . Habit can help . Dr . Kleitman believes . Maybe you’re sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway . Counteract （打乱）your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to . If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day , rise before your usual hour . This won’t change your cycle , but you’ll get up steam and work better at your low point .‎ Get off to a slow start which saves your energy . Get up with a yawn （呵欠）and stretch . Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor . Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before . Whenever possible , do routine （常规的）work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy for your sharper hours .‎ ‎54. Which of the following causes family quarrels ?‎ ‎ A. Not knowing each other’s energy cycle .‎ ‎ B. Familiar monologues .‎ ‎ C. A change in a family member’s energy cycle .‎ ‎ D. Attempts to control the energy of other family members ‎ ‎55. If you want to work better at your low point in the morning ,you should .‎ ‎ A. change your energy cycle B. overcome your laziness ‎ ‎ C. get up early than usual D. go to bed earlier ‎ ‎56. You are advised to rise with a yawn and stretch because it will .‎ ‎ A. help to keep your energy for the day’s work ‎ ‎ B. help you to control your temper early in the day ‎ ‎ C. enable you to get your energy on your routine work ‎ ‎ D. keep your energy cycle under control all day ‎ ‎57. What’s the best title of the passage ?‎ ‎ A. Change Your Habits B. Save Your Energy ‎ ‎ C. Daily Energy Cycle D. Temperature—and—Energy Peak ‎ D Scientists have discovered a gene （基因）that plays a role in violence （暴力）in men ill—treated in childhood . The discovery could explain why some experience unhappy childhoods and go on to normal lives , while others turn to violence , crime of antisocial deeds . But it will also restart another argument .‎ Terrie Moffitt and Avshalom Caspi report in Science today that one common form of a gene in the brain makes men more likely to be violent—but only if they have experienced cruelty or rejection in childhood . The researchers followed up the life histories of 442boys born in New Zealand in 1972 . Of these , 154 had been illtreated in the first 10 years , 33 of them badly . They had either experienced sexual attack , beatings or rejection by mother or stepparents . Of the 154 children , 55had a less active variant （变异体）of a gene called MAOA, and 99had the more active ‎ variant . The 55 boys were more than twice as likely to have been in trouble than the other ill—treated group . They made up 12% of the total , but were responsible for 44%of all crimes from among the 442 boys .‎ Prof Moffitt thought a “violence” gene had not been discovered . Boys with the less active form who were not ill—treated during childhood lived normal lives . “It is very common in the population . One third of us have it .”she said , “So the gene doesn’t do much of anything , it doesn’t cause any trouble in any way , unless we are also ill —treated”.‎ The gene might also show the ability to bear mental stress. The army or the police might examine the applicants （申请人）to see if they have the more active form . But the discovery also raises the argument that people with the less active form of the gene could be social dangers ,to be treated with medicine . “This research can easily leads people to fix social problems through medical treatment ,” said David King of the UK Gene Alert Group .‎ ‎58. According to the passage , the less active variant of the gene .‎ ‎ A. will totally determine men’s character and behaviour ‎ ‎ B. always leads to trouble —making ‎ ‎ C. might be responsible for boys’ bad deeds ‎ ‎ D. plays no role in children’s development ‎ ‎59. We can learn from the passage that those men who have stronger ability to bear mental ‎ ‎ stress usually .‎ ‎ A. have the more active variant of gene B. have the less active variant of the gene ‎ ‎ C. had ill —treated childhood D. had no ill—treated childhood ‎ ‎60. According to the passage , we can infer that .‎ ‎ A. one fifth of the population carry the less active variant .‎ ‎ B. boys with the less active variant will not live normal lives ‎ ‎ C. all the people agree with the idea of “violence” gene ‎ ‎ D. the less active variant and ill—treated experience contribute to violence ‎ ‎61. David King’s words in the last paragraph implies that .‎ ‎ A. he agrees with the research findings of the gene MAOA ‎ B. he doesn’t believe the possible role of the less active variant ‎ ‎ C. he considers that the research is of no great importance ‎ ‎ D. he thinks the findings to solve the social problems too simple ‎ E Beijing has started a battle to get rid of “Chinglish” (Chinese English ) . The “Language mandarins” of Beijing have decided that Chinglish is a disease for China’s modernizing claim and must be obliterated before the city hosts the Olympic Games in 2008 . ‎ A road sign on the Avenue of Eternal Peace （Chang’an Street ）, for example , advised : “To Take Notice of Safe ; The Slippery are Very Crafty ,”a warning that the sidewalk was slippery . Another sign in a Beijing park reads : “Little grass is smiling slightly , please walk on sidewalk “.‎ Li Honghai , the city official in charge of the battle , said : “Linguistic perfection (语言美)is becoming increasingly important with the rise in the number of the foreigners flowing into the city .”‎ However , not everyone shares the disdain （蔑视）of the Beijing government for the mixed language . “The choice of words is pretty much . One can either choose ‎ the verbs ,adverbs , nouns or whatever one likes ,” explained one Hongkong linguist on an Internet website .‎ So many examples exist that several Internet sites have been set up to collect Chinglish phrases . Many come from English instructions on packages such as a candle marked with “Keep this candle out of children” and a model boat—curiously named Posh Sailboat—which means “Please don’t place it in dusty play .”‎ If the battle against Chinglish is successful , Chinese will also turn their attention to the English—language versions of newspapers , which play an even more important role in teaching right English.‎ ‎62. The underlined word “obliterated” refers to .‎ ‎ A. removed B. exploited C. translated D. beautified ‎ ‎63. From the passage , we know that .‎ ‎ A. everyone shares the disdain for the mixed language ‎ ‎ B. all the people don’t share the disdain for the mixed language ‎ ‎ C. Chinglish usually communicates in many cases ‎ ‎ D. several Internet sites have been set up to clear the Chinglish phrases ‎ ‎64. We can infer that the English—language versions of newspapers .‎ ‎ A. should be in duty to teach normal English ‎ ‎ B. should report the battle above ‎ ‎ C. should be paid more attention to ‎ ‎ D. should collect more Chinglish phrases ‎ ‎65. Which of the following signs is Chinglish ?‎ Keep off the grass,‎ please .‎ Watch your step.‎ Slippery sidewalk .‎ A B No smoking , ‎ please .‎ Tourists do not ‎ enter .‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ C D 第四部分：写（共两节，满分30分）‎ 第一节 短文改错（共10小题，每题1分，满分10分）‎ 此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行作出判断：如无错误，该行右边横线上画一个勾（√ ）；如有错误（每行只有一个错误，则按下列情况改正：‎ 此行多一词：把多余的词用斜线（/）划掉；在该行右边横线上写上该词，并也用斜线划掉。‎ 此行缺一词：在缺词处加一个漏字符（∧），在该行右边的横线上写上该加的词。‎ 此行错一词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。‎ 注意：原行没有错的不要该。‎ I was a honest child indeed. I didn’t dare to tell lies. 66. ‎ because of my eyes often let the secret out. I remembered 67. ‎ telling a lie to my parents, and I could hard fix my eyes on 68. ‎ my father’s face, to let alone my mother’s eyes. I glanced 69. ‎ here and there, up and down, nervously. 70. ‎ ‎ However, after I came to Beijing, I no longer have to 71. ‎ worry my nervous eyes because everything I wanted to say 72. ‎ was sent by letter. I found myself often tell small lies. I wrote 73. ‎ ‎“I’m well in Beijing. I enjoy the food selling at the university. 74. ‎ And at the weekends, I often buy fried chickens or pork to eat.”75. ‎ 选做：（短文填词）阅读下面短文，根据以下提示：1）汉语提示，2）首字母提示，3）语境提示，在每个空格内填入一个适当的英语单词，并将该词完整地写在右边想对应的横线上。‎ Many children hope to grow up quickly and do what the adults ‎ do.But g______ up is not easy. Sometimes all that is 1.______‎ needed is someone to rely ____. For many years,it was Mum 2.______ ‎ My mother was a career woman and had her____(自己的)    3.______ ‎ problems to take care of, _____when I needed her, she                  4._____    ‎ was always there. Her____(力量) came frond somewhere                     5.______    ‎ I don't quite know, somewhere very deep. She was so strong that she would never b____ down, even if I      6. ______    ‎ went to her with all my little-boy problems and____(喊)             7. _____    ‎ at her. Her strength m____ me stronger and gave me             8.  ______    ‎ ‎____(勇气) to try things others thought were impossible. A           9. ____  ‎ helping hand is always strong e_______ to lift you up.                    10.  _____  ‎ 第二节：书面表达（共1题，满分20分）‎ 假如你参加全国中学生英语夏令营。请你根据以下内容用英语拟一份简短的讲稿，准备在闭营仪式上发言：‎ 主要活动 参加了演讲比赛和辩论赛，在这两个重要的比赛中你们相互学习，相互鼓励，使你受益匪浅。‎ 感受 ‎5天短暂而有意义的夏令营像一场美梦，成了你人生历程中最难忘的一段。‎ 愿望 共同努力，争取在明年全国大学生英语夏令营中再相会。‎ 注意：1. 可以适当增加细节，使内容连贯。‎ ‎ 2. 词数：100左右。‎ ‎ 3. 参考词汇: 辩论 - debate Keys to the test paper 知识目标 u 单词拼写 1. excited ‎ 2. ‎ bathing 3. ‎ evaluate ‎ 4. panic ‎ 5. potential ‎ 6. bored ‎ 7. erupted ‎ 8. fantastic ‎ 9. anxious ‎ 10. cancel u 词组活用 1. Compared with ‎ 2. make an effort ‎ 3. glanced through ‎ 4. made his way ‎ 1. taking a risk u 句型转换 1. protect; from ‎ 2. Having seen ‎ 3. make our way ‎ 4. make an effort ‎ 5. about; when 英语知识运用 单词填空 ‎1---5 AAADC 6---10 CBCDD 11---15 CACBD 完形填空 ‎26---30 BDABC 31---35 ACDBC 36---40 DACBD 41---45 ACCAB 阅读理解 ‎46---50 DBBCA 51---55ABDAC 56---60 ACCAD 61---65 DABAC 第四部分：‎ 第一节：‎ ‎66.a honest child改为an honest child 67.because of改为because ‎68.hard改为hardly 69.To let改为let ‎70.√ 71.have to 改为had to ‎72.worry改为worry about 73.tell改为telling ‎74.selling改为sold 75.chickens改为chicken 选做：1. growing 2. on 3. own 4. but 5. strength ‎6. break 7. shouted 8. made 9. courage 10. enough 第二节：‎ One possible version：‎ Dear friends,‎ Time waits for no man. The five days’ short but meaningful summer camp will soon come to the end just like a beautiful dream. In the camp we took part in two important competitions. One was the speech competition and the other the debate competition, in which we learned from each other and encouraged each other. I really got a great deal. The experience in the summer camp will be the most wonderful and unforgettable part of my life.‎ At the time for saying good-bye, I hate to leave you. I will miss you. So let’s just work hard and try to meet again next year in the 2003 National English Summer Camp for College Students. That’s all. Thank you.‎