2021届新高考英语人教版一轮考评训练：：话题十八　灾害防范（B）

2021届新高考英语人教版一轮考评训练：：话题十八　灾害防范（B）

www.ks5u.com 话题十八　灾害防范(B)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎[2020·青岛市质量检测] Recently whenever I turned on my computer or my mobile phone, news about the great effect of Hurricane Harvey on thousands of people caught my eye. I saw many unfortunate events. However, there were also the bright news that confirmed the goodness of mankind. As a journalist, I wrote many humaninterest stories during my career. That's why the story about the guys in the bakery caught my eye.‎ When the staff at a Mexican bakery chain in Houston were trapped inside the building for two days, they didn't sit there feeling sorry for themselves. They used their time wisely after flooding caused by Hurricane Harvey. While they were waiting for the eventual rescue that came on Monday morning, four decided to make as many loaves of bread as possible for their community.‎ The flood water rose in the street outside. They took advantage of their emergency power supply to bake bread. They used more than 4,200 pounds of flour to create hundreds of loaves and sheets of sweet bread. Although the water kept rising, they continued baking to help more people. By the time the owner managed to get to them, they had made so much bread that they took the loaves to loads of emergency centers across the city for people affected by the floods.‎ The store manager, Brian Alvarado, told The Independent，“Whenever a disaster occurs, nobody should just feel forlorn. Instead, we should take positive action to save ourselves and help others. Our acts of kindness will make a big difference.”‎ ‎1．What did the bakery store workers do after flooding caused by Hurricane Harvey?‎ A．They volunteered to make bread for their community.‎ B．They managed to live by selling more bread in the store.‎ C．They felt sorry that they couldn't escape from the store.‎ D．They ate nothing but to wait for their community to rescue them.‎ ‎2．Which of the following best explains “forlorn” underlined in the last paragraph?‎ A．Fortunate. B．Hopeful. ‎ C．Shallow. D．Desperate.‎ ‎3．What can we infer from the text?‎ A．Alvarado organized his workers to bake much bread.‎ B．Hurricane Harvey caused a power failure in Houston.‎ C．The staff in the bakery sent enough flour to emergency ‎ centers.‎ D．The author preferred to write stories about people facing disasters.‎ ‎4．What can be the best title for the text?‎ A．A Popular Mexican Bakery Chain in Houston B．Wait for the Eventual Rescue in a Big Disaster C．All Kinds of Disasters Caused by Hurricane Harvey in Houston D．Bake Bread to Make a Difference in the Face of Hurricane Harvey B ‎[2020·海南五校一模] Engineers have put a huge garbage collector to gather plastic material in the Pacific Ocean between California and Hawaii, the world's largest spread of garbage, twice the size of the state of Texas.‎ The Ocean Cleanup organization created the collector. The group's founder, Boyan Slat, an inventor born in 1994, was just 16 when he was moved to clean up the oceans when he was on a dive and saw more plastic bags than fish.‎ Last Saturday, a ship pulling the pipeshaped floating barrier left San Francisco. Attached to it is a screening skirt that hangs three meters down in the water. The screen is designed to collect the plastic as it moves through the water. Sea animals can safely swim under the barrier.‎ The cleanup system also comes with lights powered by the sun, cameras, and other special devices(设备), so the system can communicate its position at all times. That way a support ship can find it every few months to remove the plastic that has been collected.‎ Shipping containers will hold all the plastic gathered, including bottles and fishing equipment and are expected to be back on land within a year. Then the plastic will be recycled. The freefloating barriers are made to survive extreme weather conditions and damage from continual use. They will stay in the water for twenty years, thus collecting 90% of the garbage in the area.‎ The Ocean Cleanup has received $35 million in donations to pay for the project, hoping to put 60 freefloating barriers in the Pacific Ocean by 2020. “It's important to turn off the taps on plastic entering the ocean, but I also think people can do more than one thing at a time to deal with this problem，”Slat said.‎ ‎5．What drove Slat to invent the collector?‎ A．The interest in invention.‎ B．His failure to dive due to rubbish.‎ C．The sight of too many plastic bags.‎ D．His knowledge of garbage in the Pacific Ocean.‎ ‎6．How does the floating barrier work?‎ A．It reaches into the water to collect the plastic.‎ B．It has large containers to produce power.‎ C．It forms barriers to protect sea animals.‎ D．A ship drags it along in the ocean.‎ ‎7．Which does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 4 refer to?‎ A．The support ship.‎ B．The floating barrier.‎ C．The plastic to be recycled.‎ D．The position of special devices.‎ ‎8．What is important for protecting the ocean according to Slat?‎ A．Sending more collectors into the ocean.‎ B．Inventing more ocean cleanup devices. ‎ C．Stopping plastic from entering the ocean.‎ D．Banning the use of plastic bags in boats.‎ Ⅱ.七选五 ‎[2019·合肥市高三第三次教学质量检测] “The calm before the storm” is a very familiar expression. It is usually used to describe a peaceful period just before a very stressful situation or a tense argument. __1__ They noted that before certain storms the seas would seem to become calm and the winds would drop.‎ But why is it often so calm before a storm? __2__ According to US website HowStuffWorks, a calm period occurs because many storms, tornadoes and hurricanes draw in all the warm and damp air from the surrounding area. As this air rises into the storm clouds, it cools and acts as “fuel for the storm, like petrol in a car”．‎ Once the storm has taken all the energy it can from the air, it is pushed out from the top of the storm clouds and falls back down to ground level. __3__ So once it covers an area, it causes a calm period before the storm. ‎ ‎__4__ First count how many seconds there are between a flash of lightning and a clap of thunder, roughly three seconds equal one kilometer. A good judgement is that if your count is below 30 seconds, you should seek shelter straight away.‎ However, due to the complexity of the storm system, calm doesn't always go first. So, your best bet is to keep yourself updated with weather reports for any predictions regarding a coming storm in your area. __5__‎ A．Science has given us the answer.‎ B．There is no definite answer to the question.‎ C．Weather reports sometimes cannot be trusted.‎ D．British sailors coined the phrase in the late 1600s.‎ E．As the air declines, it becomes warm and dry, which is stable.‎ F．The Weather Network has a tip for working out how far away a storm is.‎ G．That's the most reliable way to predict the next display of nature's temper.‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎[2020·贵阳期末检测] As the effects of global warming, rising sea levels and natural disasters become more serious 1.________ before, some local communities are taking action. Among them is one community in Florida 2.________ local people and government officials are proving successful in protecting 3.________(coast) cities from the dangers of rising sea levels.‎ ‎ The community has studied how much sea levels will rise and has suggested 4.________ (way) to address the problem. It has persuaded the state government 5.________ (ban) new developments on land near the coastline and recommended building sand dunes(沙丘) along beaches. Kristin Jacobs, one of the group's founders, decided to take action in 2008 after it became 6.________ (gradual) clear that her state's 27 water authorities couldn't agree on joint(联合的) action.‎ ‎ While some Florida government officials doubt whether the climate will become hotter or 7.________ (cold), the people 8.________ (live) in these locations are certain of the need to protect their communities.‎ ‎ At present, coming up with ways to fight against the effects of climate change under a limited budget 9.________(be) a pressing concern. Only time will tell whether these coastal communities will succeed in 10.________ end.‎ 话题十八　灾害防范(B)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 体裁：记叙文　题材：人物故事　主题：面对灾难，采取积极的行动来拯救自己和帮助别人 ‎【文章大意】　本文主要讲述了一家连锁面包店的员工们在面对哈维飓风带来的洪水、断电时，在等待救援的同时采取积极的行动，利用应急电源烤面包去帮助社区受洪水影响的居民。‎ ‎1．答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据文章第二段的最后一句“While they were waiting for the eventual rescue that came on Monday morning, four decided to make as many loaves of bread as possible for their community.”可知，当这家面包房的员工们在等待周一上午的最终救援时，四人决定为他们的社区制作尽可能多的面包。故选A项。‎ ‎2．答案与解析：D　词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的“Instead, we should take positive action to save ourselves and help others.”可知，相反，我们应该采取积极的行动来拯救自己和帮助他人。由Instead可知，forlorn的语义与positive的意思相反，故forlorn与desperate(绝望的)意思相近。故选D项。‎ ‎3．答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“They took advantage of their emergency power supply to bake bread.”可知，他们利用应急电源烤面包。由此可推知，哈维飓风造成休斯敦停电。故选B项。‎ ‎4．答案与解析：D　主旨大意题。根据文章第二、三段的内容和最后一段中的“Our acts of kindness will make a big difference.”可知，D项(在面对哈维飓风时，烤面包起了很大作用)作为标题最能概括全文内容。故选D项。‎ B ‎【文章大意】　这是一篇说明文，介绍了在美国加州和夏威夷之间的太平洋海域运行的海洋垃圾收集器。‎ ‎【难句分析】　The group's founder，Boyan Slat, an inventor born in 1994, was just 16 when he was moved to clean up the oceans when he was on a dive and saw more plastic bags than fish.‎ 分析：这是一个主从复合句，when he was moved to...oceans为时间状语从句，when he was on a dive...fish为从句中的时间状语从句。‎ ‎ 译文：该组织的创立者叫Boyan Slat，是一位出生于1994年的发明家，他16岁那年，在一次潜水中，看到水中的塑料袋比鱼还多，于是不由得想去清理海洋。‎ ‎5．答案与解析：C　考查细节理解。根据题干的“发明这个垃圾收集器”，我们把答案定位在第二段。该段说“The group's founder，Boyan Slat...when he was on a dive and saw more plastic bags than fish”，由此可知，当年16岁的Slat在海里潜水的时候，发现水里的塑料袋比鱼还多，这促使他决定清洁海洋，因此选C。‎ ‎6．答案与解析：A　考查细节理解。第三段说“Attached to it is a screening skirt that hangs three meters down in the water...through the water”，这种垃圾收集器的下面部分是一个屏障，能够延伸到水下三米的地方，并且在水中移动的同时收集塑料，因此选A。‎ ‎7．答案与解析：B　考查代词指代。从画线词所在的语境看，这里的it指前面提到的清洁系统，也就是悬浮屏障，因此选B。‎ ‎8．答案与解析：C　考查推理判断。最后一段提到Slat说的话“It's important to turn off the taps on plastic entering the ocean, but I also think people can do more than one thing at a time to deal with this problem”，即他认为重要的是关掉塑料进入海洋的龙头，由此推断他认为关键是不让塑料进入海洋。‎ Ⅱ.七选五 体裁：说明文　题材：自然　主题：暴风雨前的平静 ‎【文章大意】　该文科学地分析了暴风雨前天气平静的原因。‎ ‎1．答案与解析：D　根据下文“They noted that before certain storms the seas would seem to become calm and the winds would drop”，并结合上文“‘The calm before the storm’ is a very familiar expression”可推知，D项表述这个短语的来源符合语境。‎ ‎2．答案与解析：A　承接上文“But why is it often so calm before a storm？”，并与下文形成呼应可推知，A项“科学已经给出了答案”符合语境。‎ ‎3．答案与解析：E　承接上文“Once the storm has taken all the energy it can from the air，it is pushed out from the top of the storm clouds and falls back down to ground level”可推知，空气变得稀薄，与选项E呼应，所以选用E选项。‎ ‎4．答案与解析：F　根据下文“First count how many seconds there are between a flash of lightning and a clap of thunder”可推知，此空与计算数据有关，与F项内容呼应，所以选用F选项。‎ ‎5．答案与解析：G　根据上文“So，your best bet is to keep yourself updated with weather reports for any predictions regarding a coming storm in your area”可推知，天气预报是个可靠的途径，所以选用G选项。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 体裁：说明文　题材：环境保护　主题：应对海平面上升 ‎【文章大意】　本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了美国佛罗里达州为应对海平面上升而做出的努力。‎ ‎1．答案与解析：than　考查介词。由与该句中的“more”呼应可知，此处表示比较的含义，故填介词than。‎ ‎2．答案与解析：where　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词one community in Florida，引导词在从句中作地点状语，故用where来引导该定语从句。‎ ‎3．答案与解析：coastal　考查形容词。修饰名词应用形容词，故用形容词coastal修饰名词cities，作定语。‎ ‎4．答案与解析：ways　考查名词的单复数。way是可数名词，且其前无限定词修饰，应用其复数形式，故填ways。‎ ‎5．答案与解析：to ban　考查非谓语动词。persuade sb. to do sth.“劝说某人做某事”为固定用法，故用不定式作宾语补足语。‎ ‎6．答案与解析：gradually　考查副词。修饰动词应用副词，故用副词gradually修饰其前的动词became，在句子中作状语。‎ ‎7．答案与解析：colder　考查形容词比较级。根据语境中的“or”可知，此处与“hotter”呼应，应用形容词比较级，故填colder。‎ ‎8．答案与解析：living　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子主语the people和动词live构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词短语作后置定语。‎ ‎9．答案与解析：is　考查时态和主谓一致。根据该句中的时间状语“At present”可知，此处应用一般现在时；又因为该句的主语为动名词短语coming up with ways，谓语动词应用单数形式，故填is。‎ ‎10．答案与解析：the　考查冠词。in the end意为“最终”，为固定搭配，故填定冠词the。‎