2019届一轮复习外研版必修三Module1Europe单元学案设计（教师版）（30页word版）

2019届一轮复习外研版必修三Module1Europe单元学案设计（教师版）（30页word版）

2019 届一轮复习外研版必修三 Module1Europe 单元学案设计 一、刷黑板——词汇全听写(先过识记默写关) Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉) [第一屏听写] 1．boot n. 　　　　　　　　 长统靴；皮靴 2．continental adj. 大陆的；大洲的 3．landmark n. 标志性建筑 4．gallery n. 美术馆；画廊 5．sculpture n. 雕刻；泥塑 6．birthplace n. 发源地　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第二屏听写] 7．civilisation n．　　　　　　 文明 8．whereabouts adv. 在哪里 9．parliament n. 国会；议会 10．region n. 地区；区域 11．geographical adj. 地理的 12．feature n. 特点　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英) [第三屏听写] 1．across prep.　　　　 　　 横过；穿过 2．face vt. 面向；面对 3．range n. 山脉 4．situated adj. 坐落(某处)的；位于(某处)的 5．symbol n. 象征；符号　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 [第四屏听写] 6．located adj.　　　　 　 　 位于 7．architect n. 建筑师 8．project n. 计划；项目；工程 9．ancient adj. 古代的 10．opposite prep. 在……对面　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第五屏听写] 11．sign vt.　　　　　　　　签署 12．agreement n. 协议；契约 13．govern vt. 统治；治理 14．head n. 领袖；领导人 15．representative n. 代表 16．produce n. 产品；农产品　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第六屏听写] 17．because_of　　　　　　　 因为；由于 18．be_known_as 作为……而出名/闻名 19．ever_since 自从……一直 20．in_terms_of 据……；依照…… 21．on_the_other_hand 另一方面；反过来说 22．little_by_little 一点点地；逐渐地　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 二、刷清单——热身自盘点(再过基本应用关) (一)核心单词 阅 读 1.boot n. 　　　　　 长统靴；皮靴 5.sculpture n ．　　　　　 9.parliament n．　　　　国 单 词 2．continental adj. 大 陆的；大洲的 3．landmark n. 标志 性建筑 4．gallery n. 美术馆； 画廊 雕刻；泥塑 6．birthplace n. 发源地 7．civilisation n. 文明 8．whereabouts adv. 在哪里 会；议会 10 ． region n. 地区；区域 11．geographica l adj. 地理的 12 ．feature n. 特点 表 达 单 词 1.across prep.　　　　　　 横过；穿过 2．face vt. 面向；面 对 3．range n. 山脉；范 围 4．symbol n. 象征； 符号 5．architect n. 建筑师 6．project n. 计划； 项目；工程 7．ancient adj. 古代 的 8．head n. 领袖；领 导人 9 ． representative n. 代表 [语境活用] 1．Facing (面对) the difficulty, I kept calm and tried to think of a way out. 2．When the river freezes over, we can walk across ( 穿 过 ) the ice. 3 ． White has always been a symbol ( 象 征 ) of purity in Western cultures. 4 ． The new building was built from the design of a famous architect (建筑师)． 5 ． This restaurant has become popular for its wide range (范围) of foods that suit all tastes and pockets. 拓 1.continental adj. 大 陆 [语境活用] 展 单 词 的；大洲的→continent n．大陆；大洲 2．situated adj.坐落(某 处)的；位于(某处)的 →situation n．形势； 情 况 ； 位 置 →situate vt.使位于；使处于 3 ． located adj. 位 于 →location n ． 位 置 →locate vt. 使坐落于 vi.定位；定居 4．opposite prep.在…… 对面→oppose vt.反对 5 ． sign vt. 签 署 →signature n．签字； 署名 6．agreement n．协议； 契 约 →disagreement n．不同意；分歧 7．govern vt.统治；治 理→government n．政 府 1 ． Situated at the foot of the mountain, the small village enjoys a good situation and due to the fast development of tourism, it has become a holiday resort.(situate) 2 ． Our new office is located within the centre of the town, and the location is convenient for me.(locate) 3 ． They were in disagreement with us at first, but after many talks with each other, we signed an agreement.(agreement) 4 ． You must cross the river if you want to get to the opposite (oppose) bank of the river. 5．Before 1997, Hong Kong was governed by the British government.(govern) (二)常用短语 写准记牢 语境活用(选用左栏短语填空) 1.because_of　　　　　因为；由于 2．of_all_time 有史以来 3．be_known_as 作为……而出名/ 闻名 4．ever_since 自从……一直 5 ． in_terms_of 据 …… ； 依 照……；从……角度 6．on_the_other_hand 另一方面； 反过来说 7．little_by_little 一点点地；逐渐 地 1.The job is great in_terms_of_ salary, but it has its disadvantages. 2 ． They graduated ten years ago and has kept in touch with each other _ever_since. 3 ． He was forced to drop out of school because_of his illness. 4 ．I would like a job which pays more, but on_the_other_hand,_I enjoyed the work I'm doing at the moment. 5．Follow the doctor's advice after operation and you will pick up little_by_little. (三)经典句式 原句背诵 句式解构 佳句仿写 1.Between France and Spain is another mountain range — the Pyrenees. 在法国和西班牙之间 是另一座山脉——比 利牛斯山脉。 介词短语位于句首引 起的完全倒装结构。 体育馆门前站着很多 手拿鲜花的学生，他 们在等待贵宾的到来。 In front of the stadium stood_many_students holding flowers waiting for the arrival of the honored guests. 2.Their work has influenced other ever since“自从…… 一直”，常与现在完成 自从在学校认识至今， 我们一直是朋友。 writers ever since. 他们的作品影响了后 世的作家。 时连用。 We have_been_friends_eve r_since we met at school. 3.The expanded European Union has a population of more than half a billion people, twice as big as the population of the United States. 扩展后的欧盟人口超 过五亿，是美国人口 的两倍。 “倍数＋as＋adj./adv. 的原级＋as ...”结构。 这条新公路是旧公路 的三倍宽。 This new highway is three_times_as_wide_a s the old one. (四)初中考点再回顾 高频考查类——记熟 文化差异类——辨清 易忘易错类—— 勤览 1.fisherman n．　　　渔 夫 2.fall_over_ 摔倒 3.feel free to do sth. 随意 做某事 4.feel good about oneself 自我感觉良好 5.fight over 与……争吵 1.catch_the_early_train　　 赶上早班车 2.stay away from the junk food 远离垃圾食品 3.make a difference to 对……产生影响 4.make no difference to 对……没有影响 1.three quarters　　 四分之三 2.have a yard sale 举行庭院拍卖会 3.board game 棋类游戏 4.the tea art performance 茶艺表演 5.have a stomachache 胃疼 5.no way 没门； 不行 一、过重点单词——纵引横联超人一点 1．across prep.横过；穿过；遍及；在……对面 adv.横过；穿过 [ 高 考 佳 句 ] 　 The little pupil took his grandma by the arm and walked her across the street.(2015·陕西高考单选) 这个小学生挽着奶奶的胳膊，扶她过了马路。 come across　　　　　　　 偶然遇见/发现 get across (to) 使被理解；使被接受 [多角练透] 单句语法填空 ①There's a hospital right across the street. 选用上述短语填空 ②It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came_across my new neighbors.(2017·天津高考单选) ③A good lecturer is supposed to manage to get_across to the listeners what he means. 2．face vt.面向；面对 n.面孔；表情；正面 [教材原句]　France is Europe's third largest country and faces the United Kingdom across the English Channel. 法国是欧洲第三大国家，隔英吉利海峡与英国遥相对望。 (1)be faced with　　　　　　 面临；面对 face up to 勇敢面对 (2)make a face 做鬼脸 face to face 面对面 in the face of 面对；在……面前 [多角练透] 单句语法填空 ①Facing (face) so much trouble, he didn't know what to do. 单句改错 ②The building which faces to the big river is likely to be destroyed by the flood.去掉第一个 to 补全句子 ③Communicating with friends face_to_face is a way to relieve pressure from work and life. 与朋友面对面地交流是缓解工作和生活压力的一种方式。 句型转换 ④Facing increasing energy limits, China needs a breakthrough in mining and exploration. →Faced_with increasing energy limits, China needs a breakthrough in mining and exploration. →In_the_face_of increasing energy limits, China needs a breakthrough in mining and exploration. 3．range n．山脉；范围；种类 vi.(在一定范围内)变化，变动 [教材原句]　Between Italy and France, there is a mountain range called the Alps. 在意大利和法国之间有一座山脉叫作阿尔卑斯山脉。 (1)in/within range (of sth.)　　　 在……范围内 beyond/out of range (of sth.) 在……范围外 a range of 一系列 (2)range from ... to ... /range between ... and ... 在……范围内变化；从……到…… [多角练透] 单句语法填空 ①The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ranging (range) from butterflies to elephants.(2017·北京高考单选) ②His theory was beyond range of human understanding at that time. 单句改错 ③When driving on highways, the driver must control his or her speed within the range of 60km/h and 120km/h.去掉 range 前的 the 补全句子 ④In addition to these traditional activities, we have a_wider_range_of_choices such as travelling and visiting our relatives or friends. 除了这些传统活动外，我们有一系列更广的选择，诸如旅游和走 亲访友。 4．opposite prep.在……对面 adj.对面的；相反的；对立的 adv. 在对面 n.对立面；对立的人(或物) [高考佳句]　Opposite is St. Paul's Church, where you can hear some lovely music.(2015·北京高考单选) 对面是圣保罗教堂，在那里你能听到一些优美的音乐。 (1)be opposite to　　　　　　　　　 与……相反/对立 just the opposite 恰恰相反 (2)oppose vt. 反对；与……对抗 oppose doing sth. 反对做某事 (3)opposed adj. 反对的；相反的 be opposed to (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事 [多角练透] 单句语法填空 ①At that age, I always did something that was opposite to whatever my parents did! ② The parents strongly opposed their daughter going (go) there alone. 补全句子 ③ Father is strongly opposed_to_doing_shopping on Sunday because the streets and supermarkets are full of people. 父亲强烈反对星期天去买东西，因为街上和超市到处是人。 ④ She didn't make a mistake — just_the_opposite,_what she did was right. 她没有犯错误，恰恰相反，她所做的是正确的。 5．sign vt.签署；签名；和……签约；示意 n．符号；指示牌； 手势；迹象 [ 教 材 原 句 ] 　 France and Germany aren't going to sign the agreement. 法国和德国不打算签署这项协议。 (1)sign to sb.to do sth.　　　 示意某人做某事 sign in/out 签到/签退 sign up 报名参加 (2)a sign of ... ……的标志/迹象 [题点全练]　单句语法填空 ①If you are interested, sign up on our school website before August 10.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达) ②He was desperately signing to me not to_mention (mention) anything about him. ③For safety reasons, please sign in when you arrive at the building, and sign out when you leave. ④While red is a sign of warmth, it can sometimes make people feel uneasy or even frightened. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1 ． He has a wide range of interests, ranging (range) from stamp collecting to skating. 2．Neither you nor I can swim across the lake in half an hour. 3 ． The contract will come into effect as soon as it is_signed (sign)． 4．An agreement (agree) with the employers was finally reached. 5 ． The countries are independent and are_governed (govern) in different ways. 6．Production (produce) is going up because we have introduced new techniques. Ⅱ.单句改错 1．Don't make face. Eating vegetables is good for your health.face 前加 a 2．You aren't allowed to walk through the street until the green light is on.through→across 3．My view on the project is just opposite yours. That is to say, I don't agree with you at all.opposite 后加 to 4．He is the manager, and hiring and firing are within the range of his responsibilities.去掉 range 前的 the 5．The temple, locating in the middle of the city, dates back to the Tang Dynasty.locating→located Ⅲ.根据提示词补全句子/一句多译 1．我们强烈建议你报名参加这门课程。(sign) We strongly recommend that you sign_up_for_this_course. 2．另外，他兴趣广泛，并且乐于助人。(range) What's more, he has a_wide_range_of_interests and is always ready to help others. 3．许多人认为倾听是被动的行为，情况恰恰相反。(opposite) Many people think that listening is a passive business. It is just_the_opposite. 4．位于黄海海岸的这座城市已成为一个现代化的工业中心。 (situated) The city, (which_is)_situated_on_the_coast_of the Yellow Sea, has become a modern industrial center. 5．面对挑战时你应该相信勇气很重要。 ①When_you_face/are_faced_with_challenges,_you should believe your courage is what makes a difference.(状语从句) ②Facing_challenges,_you should believe your courage is what makes a difference.(现在分词短语作状语) ③Faced_with_challenges,_you should believe your courage is what makes a difference.(过去分词短语作状语) ④In_the_face_of_challenges,_you should believe your courage is what makes a difference.(介词短语作状语) 二、过短语、句式——学通学活靓人一眼 1．in terms of 据……；依照……；就……而言 [ 教 材 原 句 ] 　 In terms of size and population, how big is the European Union compared with China? 就面积和人口而言，欧盟与中国相比有多大？ in the long/short term　　　　　 从长远/短期来看 be on good/bad terms with sb. 与某人关系好/不好 come to terms with sb. 与某人达成协议；与某人和解 选用上述短语填空 ①He finally came_to_terms_with that company. ②We have_been_on_good_terms_with our neighbors and helped each other for all these years. ③What they have done is good for the environment in_the_long_term. ④We must plan our work in_terms_of the new situation and its needs. 2．on the other hand 另一方面；反过来说 [教材原句]　In France, on the other hand, the head of state is a president. 另一方面，在法国，政府的首脑是总统。 (1)on (the) one hand ...; on the other hand ...一方面……；另一方面 (却)…… (2)for one thing ...; for another ...首先……；其次……/一则……； 二则…… 选用上述短语填空 ①Starting your own business could be a way to achieving financial independence.On_the_other_hand,_it could just put you in debt.(2014·江 西高考单选) ②On_one_hand,_our industry is short of energy source, but on_the_other_hand,_a great amount of energy source is being wasted. [名师指津]　on the one hand 中的 the 可以省略，而 on the other hand 中的 the 不能省略。另外，on the other hand 可以单独使用。 3．“介词短语＋系动词＋主语”的倒装句式 Between_France_and_Spain_is_another_mountain_range — the Pyrenees. 在法国和西班牙之间是另一座山脉——比利牛斯山脉。 本句结构为“介词短语＋系动词＋主语”的全部倒装句式。 全部倒装句式的结构为： (1)表示地点、方位或时间的副词，如 here, there, in, out, up, down, away, now, then 等以及介词短语，如 in front of, at the foot of 等 位于句首时，句子要用全部倒装。此时谓语动词一般为 be 动词或 lie, come, go, stand 等动词，且句子的主语为名词。 (2)形容词或分词位于句首也可用全部倒装。 (3)如果句子的主语为人称代词，不用倒装语序。 ①There stood_a_desk against the wall in my room. 在我房间里靠墙放着一张书桌。 ②By the window sat_a_young_man with a magazine in his hand. 窗户边坐着一位年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。 ③Present at the evening party was_our_English_teacher yesterday. 昨天我们的英语老师出席了晚会。 ④Look at the little dog! Here_it_runs. 看这条小狗！它跑过来了。 Ⅰ.选词填空 of all time， in terms of， on the other hand， have control over， little by little 1．The government should consider the problems in_terms_of the people's interest. 2．We each have strong points, but on_the_other_hand each of us has weak points. 3．Parents should have_control_over what their children are doing online. 4．The new movie promises to be one of the biggest money­makers of_all_time. 5 ． If you study regularly, your vocabulary will increase little_by_little. Ⅱ.根据提示词和相关要求补全句子 1．她中学时就作为学生歌手而出名。(be known as) She was_known_as_a_student_singer when she was a middle school student. 2．她五年前毕业，从那时起便一直当护士。(ever since) She left school five years ago and has_worked_as_a_nurse_ever_since. 3．人们普遍认为应该根据学生的全面素质来评价他们。(in terms of) It is generally acknowledged that students should be evaluated in_terms_of_overall_quality. 4．鸟巢的旁边就是 2008 年建成的水立方。(全部倒装) By the side of the Bird's Nest stands_the_water_cube,_completed in 2008. Ⅲ.根据提示进行句式升级 1．They entered the classroom, and a naughty boy sat in the front of it.(全部倒装) →They entered the classroom, in the front of which sat_a_naughty_boy. 2 ． She didn't go to school because she was ill, which made her mother worried. (because of) →She didn't go to school because_of_her_illness,_which made her mother worried. 3．The new planet discovered recently is almost three times as large as Earth, and hopefully it can support human life.(其他倍数表达法) →The new planet discovered recently is almost three_times_bigger_than/the_size_of Earth, and hopefully it can support human life. 三、过语法、写作——写对写美高人一筹 (一)单元小语法 　　——被动语态和主 谓一致 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．They were_treated (treat) badly in the restaurant, so they said they wouldn't go there any more. 2．The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people are_persuaded (persuade) to eat more fruits and vegetables. 3．The palace caught fires three times in the last century, and little of the original building remains (remain) now. 4．Either you or one of your classmates is (be) to be sent to attend the training class for the project next week. 5．Experiments of this kind had_been_conducted (conduct) in both the U．S. and Europe well before the Second World War. Ⅱ.单句改错 1．The meeting was lasted for nearly two hours yesterday.去掉 was 2．Smartphone addiction has been spread like an infectious disease during the past few years.去掉 been 3 ． Neither Alice nor her friends is going to the park this weekend.is→are 4 ． The professor and writer are giving us a lecture about how to write a composition now.are→is 5．The house as well as his two cars have cost him all the money he earned during the 20 years.have→has (二)课堂微写作 　　 练补写——让行文 更条理 [题目要求] 随着中国的西部大开发以及“一带一路”战略的不断深入，越来 越多的西方人对中国的中西部城市西安感兴趣。请你写一篇文章简要 介绍西安的文化、历史和旅游名胜。 注意：词数 100 左右。 参考词汇：兵马俑 Terracotta Warriors 大雁塔 Big Wild Goose Pagoda [补写提示]　请按提示线索补写下列习作中的中间段落。 Located in Mid­western China, Xi'an has a rich cultural history, and was the imperial capital during 13 dynastic periods. 很多著名的历史遗迹→游客会对历史文化遗迹感兴趣 作为西部开发的首要城市，西安是经济、文化、工业和教育中心， 为游客提供很多现代化的便利→还可以享受美食 All in all, Xi'an is certain to give you an impressive view to satisfy your eyes, your mind and your appetite. [答案示例] Located in Mid­western China, Xi'an has a rich cultural history, and was the imperial capital during 13 dynastic periods. There_are_many_famous_historical_relics,_such_as_Terracotta_Wa rriors_of_the_Qin_Dynasty_and_Big_Wild_Goose_Pagoda._Visitors_are _fascinated_with_the_numerous_historical_and_cultural_relics_in_and_a round_the_city. Known_as_the_leading_city_of_China's_Western_Development_Pr ogram,_Xi'an_is_an_important_economic,_cultural,_industrial_and_edu cational_center_of_the_Mid­western_region,_providing_visitors_with_m odern_and_convenient_facilities._In_addition_to_appreciating_the_wond erful_attractions,_you_can_also_enjoy_the_delicious_meals_provided_b y_many_time­honored_brands. All in all, Xi'an is certain to give you an impressive view to satisfy your eyes, your mind and your appetite. 阅读理解提速练(4篇阅读＋1篇七选五，限时35分钟) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2018·郑州市第一次质检)Traveling to Europe to see its famous monuments like the Eiffel Tower in Paris and the Colosseum (古罗马竞 技 场 ) in Rome, is not exactly the ideal vacation for kids. Fortunately, Europe has more to offer than lots of old churches and ancient history. You can enjoy some fun with your kids in the sun at some of the famous beaches of the continent. Mykonos, Greece The closer you get to the equator, the longer the beach season is, and Greece is wonderful for that. You can enjoy beautiful green water, public chairs and lovely umbrellas at the beaches in Mykonos. Dubrovnik, Croatia There's nothing more attractive than the beautiful beaches bordering Dubrovnik, Croatia's most beautiful city. It's surrounded by stone walls like a castle. It almost makes you feel like you're suntanning (日光浴) at Hogwarts, where the hero Harry Potter of the story is trained! Sicily, Italy Rabbit Beach on the island of Sicily offers shallow and crystal clear waters, making it a perfect beach for families with young children. And if you want to add interest to your experience, try snorkeling (徒手潜水)． Nice, France Lined with palm trees and first­class hotels, the city of Nice, located on the French Riviera, offers a whole coastline of Mediterranean beaches. Because they're in the heart of the city, these beaches attract a large crowd. So if you're looking for something more private, you'll have to travel a few miles outside of the city center. Ribadeo, Spain At low tide, Playa de las Catedrales in Ribadeo, Spain is the perfect beach to take in the natural wonders without urban amusements like restaurants, bars or huge crowds. It boasts beautiful wild flowers and unique rock formations making it truly a picture worthy. 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了几个适合孩子去度假的欧洲旅游胜地。 1.What makes Dubrovnik so special? A．It is surrounded by stone walls. B．It has the most attractive coastline. C．It has the longest beach season. D．It is the training center of Harry Potter. 解析：选 A　细节理解题。根据第三段的“There's nothing more attractive ... It's surrounded by stone walls like a castle.”可知，克罗地亚 的杜布罗夫尼克的特别之处就是它像城堡一样被石墙围绕。 2．If you plan to go to a beach in the city, where should you go？　 A．Mykonos.　　　　　　 B．Sicily. C．Nice. D．Ribadeo. 解析：选 C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的第二句“Because they're in the heart of the city, these beaches attract a large crowd.”可知， 选 C。 3．Which of the following is TRUE about Ribadeo? A．Visitors can try snorkeling there. B．It offers visitors first­class hotels. C．It has restaurants, bars and huge crowds. D．Visitors can enjoy unique rock formations there. 解析：选 D　细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后一句“It boasts beautiful wild flowers and unique rock formations making it truly a picture worthy.”可知，游客们可以欣赏到西班牙的里瓦德奥独一无二 的岩石构造。 4．What do all the beaches have in common? A．They have beautiful wild flowers. B．They are famous European beaches. C．They are well­known for their green water. D．They provide visitors with urban amusements. 解析：选 B　细节理解题。根据文章第一段多处出现的 Europe 和“You can enjoy some fun ... the continent.”可知，文章中介绍的所有 景点都在欧洲，结合全文可知，这些景点都是海滩。 B I have lived in America's countryside for nine years, first in Michigan, where I was getting my university degree; then in central Illinois; and now in Indiana, where I am a university teacher. There were a few things I enjoyed complaining (抱怨) about in my living area. I'm a vegetarian ( 素 食 者 ), so there's nowhere to go out for a nice dinner without taking a 50­mile drive. I'm black, so there's nowhere to get my hair done without another 50­mile drive. I repeated these complaints to my parents and my friends. Sometimes it seemed like complaints were the common language in my circle. We all were dissatisfied with something. Back in Illinois, my friends complained about the train to Chicago and how it's never on time; my friends in bigger cities complained about the expensive rent and strange smells on the subway. Complaining allows us to accept the imperfect without having to take action. We all have great ideas about what life would be like if only we had this, or did that, or lived there. Perhaps complaining helps bridge the large space between these perfect selves and reality. There's also this: I really didn't want to change most of the things I complained about. Complaining was helpful on those days when happiness required too much energy. But it also made me lose sight of something. I was born and grew up in Nebraska and have lived most of my life in one of the plains states. When I went to the coasts, I was surprised by how unattractive big­city living can be. Complaining may offer relief, but so does acceptance. There is no perfect place. There is no perfect life. There will always be something to complain about. By focusing on (关注) my complaints, I risked missing out on important moments of happiness. Now, I look up into the night sky and see all the stars. And I know that I have nothing to complain about. 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。作者曾是一个爱抱怨的人，然而 她最终意识到抱怨不会带来任何改变还会使她错过许多美好的时刻。 5．What do we know about the author? A．She likes driving in the countryside. B．She is very picky about her hair. C．She is a well educated woman. D．She often goes out for dinner. 解析：选 C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I was getting my university degree”和“I am a university teacher”可知，作者是一个受过良 好教育的人。 6．After complaining, the author probably________. A．had a deeper understanding of reality B．tried to make herself more perfect C．got sadder about her situation D．remained unchanged 解析：选 D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Complaining allows us to accept the imperfect without having to take action.”和第四段中的“I really didn't want to change most of the things I complained about”可推 测，作者抱怨过后基本不作出任何改变。 7．What does the underlined word “something” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．The fact that the author liked the countryside. B．The difference between small and big cities. C．The difficulty in finding happiness. D．The purpose of the author's life. 解析：选 A　代词指代题。画线词 something 指的是后面的两句“I was born and grew up in Nebraska and have lived most of my life in one of the plains states. When I went to the coasts, I was surprised by how unattractive big­city living can be.”由此可知，作者想表达她所忽略的 事情是：她生养于有着大片平原的内布拉斯加，并且一点儿都不羡慕 大城市的生活，即：她曾经非常喜爱乡村生活的事实。 8．The author writes the text mainly to ________. A．make her complaints B．tell us to stop complaining C．compare different lifestyles D．tell us life is the same anywhere 解析：选 B　写作目的题。根据最后一段特别是最后一句“And I know that I have nothing to complain about.”可知，作者写作此文旨在告 诉我们应该停止抱怨生活，并且希望我们可以更多地关注生活中的美 好。 C If living in a big city makes you feel a bit down, there's good news: A brief walk in nature could be all it takes to drive away those negative thoughts. At least that's the finding of a new study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Several other studies have also suggested that there's just something about being in nature that can give our moods a boost ( 提 升 ). But it hasn't been exactly clear what's going on in our brains when we're exposed to natural environments. One possibility is that nature decreases “rumination (反思)”， or patterns of negative thoughts that swirl in our heads and seem to take over. To find out if nature helps us end that cycle of negative thoughts, Bratman and his colleagues randomly assigned 38 volunteers to take a 90­minute walk in either a natural or an urban area. Before and after the walk, the participants filled out a questionnaire about how much they were ruminating, and had their brains scanned using a form of fMRI that measures blood flow in the brain at rest. The nature walkers reported having fewer negative thoughts about themselves after the walk than before the walk, while the urban walkers reported no change. What's more, fMRI brain scans revealed less activity in the subgenual prefrontal cortex (SGPFC) of those who walked in nature. SGPFC is a brain region (区域) that may play a key role in some mood disorders and has been linked with patterns of negative thought. Those who went for the urban walk did not show any of these benefits, the study found. At last, we may have a possible explanation for how being in nature may improve our mental well­being. In addition, the findings suggest that having green spaces and natural areas in cities may be important for maintaining our mental health. 语篇解读：研究发现，人们在自然环境中散步可以改善心情。 9．What does the new study mainly show? A．Taking a walk is really beneficial. B．Negative thoughts aren't that hard to remove. C．Living in cities results in negative thoughts. D．Walking in nature contributes to a better mood. 解析：选 D　细节理解题。根据第一段的“A brief walk in nature could be all it takes to drive away those negative thoughts.”可知，这个研 究主要表明在自然环境中散步可以改善心情。 10．When the activities in SGPFC in our brains increase, ________. A．we tend to enjoy a good mood B．we may develop more negative thoughts C．we may want to walk more D．we tend to get rid of mood disorders 解析：选 B　推理判断题。根据在自然环境中散步可以改善心情 以及第三段的“What's more, fMRI brain scans revealed less activity ...” 可知大脑里这种物质增加可能会让我们有一些负面的想法。 11．What is the passage mainly about? A．Scientists have solved a difficult mystery. B．Scientists have found how to maintain mental health. C．Scientists find more trees are needed in cities. D．Scientists find an easy way to boost our mood. 解析：选 D　主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，主要是讲科学家 发现了一种可以很容易改善我们的心情的方法。 D (2018·东北三省四市教研联合体模拟) On April 14th, 2010, my entire life changed in an instant. One moment I was joyfully riding through the sunshine. The next moment, metal, flesh and bones were spreading against the pavement in a thunderous crash. Another cyclist, biking carelessly, had cut me off and sent me supermanning toward oncoming traffic. As if to symbolize the accident that had hit my life, another disaster also occurred on April 14th, 2010. It cost the airline industry $1.7 billion. Ten million travelers were stuck for days. Economics all over the world were disturbed. This was the eruption of Eyjafjallajokull, one of Iceland's many volcanoes. However, volcanoes are not all bad. In fact, they are necessary. They are responsible for the birth of new earth, and for the creation of rich soil. This eruption gave off 0.15 million tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere daily. But cancelling 48% of the world's flight travel saved about 2.8 million tons of CO2 from entering the atmosphere, temporarily decreasing our carbon footprint. Similarly, the accident had badly affected my emotion but it also allowed me to look more closely inside myself and discover things about myself I would never have realized. I learned how not to judge myself for my new limitations. In 1973, another Icelandic volcano, Eldfell, broke out. Icelanders decided to bomb it with cold water until it froze and chose a different path. After their plan worked, they used the geothermal (地热的) energy for the next 15 years to heat their homes. A good example of life bringing lemons, and making lemonade! One must move on from misfortunes, focusing only on the present moment and being hopeful for the future. I ran from April 14th, 2010, to every kind of escape. Eventually I ended up in university for a new­found love in Earth sciences. 语篇解读：作者把自己遭遇突发事件和火山爆发这种自然灾害进 行类比，说明遭遇到不幸也有好处，面对现实情况要乐观积极。 12．What happened to the writer on April 14th, 2010? A．He was involved in a car crash. B．He was stuck in an Iceland's airport. C．He witnessed a volcanic eruption. D．He was badly injured on a bike ride. 解析：选 D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The next moment, metal ... crash.”和“Another cyclist, biking carelessly ... oncoming traffic.” 可知，一个马虎的骑自行车的人撞到了作者，作者遭遇了事故，受伤 严重，故 D 项正确。 13．Which was an effect of the eruption of Eyjafjallajokull? A．The economy was cost globally by the eruption. B．Carbon dioxide increased temporarily. C．Most of the world's planes were held up. D．The earth in Iceland was terribly polluted. 解析：选 A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Economics all over the world were disturbed.”可知，冰岛的埃亚菲亚德拉冰盖火山爆发后， 全世界的经济都受到了干扰，即火山的爆发使全球经济受损，故 A 项正确。 14．Why did the writer mention the Eldfell volcano? A．It broke out in Iceland on April 14th as well. B．It symbolized the accident that changed his life. C．It told us to make the best of a given situation. D．It encouraged him to know more about himself. 解析：选 C　推理判断题。根据第五段中的“After their plan worked ... their homes.” 并 结 合 下 文 中 的 “One must move on from misfortunes, focusing only on the present moment and being hopeful for the future.”可推知，我们应该充分利用特定的环境。 15．What is the best title for the passage? A．Escape from Volcanoes B．Inspiration from Disasters C．Love for Earth Sciences D．Attitude Toward Nature 解析：选 B　标题归纳题。本文作者通过讲述自己遭遇事故和火 山爆发带来的好处及坏处，告诉人们要积极应对现实情况，所以选 B 项。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Your weekends are precious and you'll surely want to make the most of them. Here are some tips to help you make the most of your weekends. __1__ Decide during the week exactly what you're aiming to do at the weekend. This doesn't mean you can't allow for a bit of flexibility here and there. But in the main you should know what you want to get out of your weekend. Meet up with your friends. You nearly always have the best time with your friends, yet sometimes you may put off making that phone call to arrange something because you are a little lazy. __2__ Get outdoors. Simply get outdoors and go for a walk, run, hike, cycle or anything else you can think of! __3__ Admittedly, the weather should be on your side. Set aside some time. Filling your time with all sorts of activities can be fun, but it can also be tiring. So, try to set some time aside for yourself. __4__ __5__ There are some things that can be done at any time — not just at the weekend. If you arrange your time in the week well, then you will have plenty of time at the weekend to do the things you really want to do. A．Make plans. B．Find a new hobby. C．Finish some things in the week. D．So the day will pass without you having done anything. E．Getting a bit of exercise and fresh air will leave you energized. F．Then, you can enjoy yourself by reading a book, or listening to some music. G．However, if you make the effort, you will have a wonderful time with your friend! 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了充分利用周末的几种方法。 1 选 A　根据空格后“Decide during the week exactly what ...”可知， 本段的小标题是做计划。 2．选 G　根据前文“yet sometimes you may put off making that ...” 可知，然而，如果你做出努力，你将和你的朋友度过美好的时光。G 项中的 effort 指的是上一句提到的“making that phone call to arrange something”。 3．选 E　根据前文“Simply get outdoors and go for a walk, run, hike, cycle or ...”可知，运动和呼吸新鲜空气会让你精力充沛。 4．选 F　承接上文“So, try to set some time aside for yourself.”可知， 然后你就可以开心地阅读或者听音乐。 5．选 C　根据后文“There are some things that can be done at any time — not just at the weekend.”可知，本段小标题是在周内完成一些 事情。