【英语】2018届二轮复习介词讲与练学案（16页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习介词讲与练学案（16页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习 介词讲与练 介词的分类和用法 介词可分为简单介词（如 on, over, at, about）、 短语介词（如 in addition to, along with, regardless of）和分词介词（如concerning, including）。‎ ‎ 介词的考查主要方式之一就是与动词、名词等搭配成短语或词组。另外介词本身也有其意义和作用，比如表示方位的介词，如above, over, across, into, around, towards, below, beneath等；表时间的介词，如at, in, on, by, after, from, since等；表方式手段的介词，如by（后接交通工具时不要冠词），on, in， with（表示具体的有形的工具或身体的某部分）；表原因的介词because of， due to， thanks to等。‎ ‎ 以下介词需特别关注：‎ ‎1.besides（除……以外还有）, except（意为“除去……”，后可接句子）, but, other than, except for（意为“除了……”，后接短语） ‎ ‎2.with的复合结构：with＋名词／代词＋现在分词／过去分词／不定式／形容词／介词短语或副词,相当于一个状语从句。‎ ‎3.beyond ‎ 本意是“在……的那一边”，引申为“超越;超过某人的能力等”。‎ 例如：‎ ‎ The professor in his lecture went beyond the capacity of his audience. ‎ 这位教授的课超过了听众的理解能力。‎ ‎4.without 常用作介词，意为“没有”，也可用作副词，如do without, go without（没有……也行）。‎ ‎5.against 意为“反对，违反；靠，倚；防备”,它能与不同的动词、名词搭配，意思十分灵活。‎ Ⅰ.单句填空 ‎1.She’s got the job because she has the advantage ______ others of knowing many languages.‎ ‎【解析】句意：她得到了那份工作，因为比起别人她的优势是她懂多门语言。have advantage over是固定搭配，意为“比……有优势”。over的基本意义是“directly above…”,即“比……高”。‎ ‎【答案】1.over ‎2. ______ foreign trade recovering, the recent labor shortage in the southeast of China has become a hot topic.‎ ‎【解析】句意：随着对外贸易的复苏,最近在中国东部的劳动力短缺已成为一个热点话题。with 是介词，意为（at the same time as） “伴随着……”。如用as 时应注意的是，as 是连词，其后应跟一个句子。‎ ‎【答案】2.With ‎3.“How could you lose so much money?” Charlie asked his wife, eyeing her angrily from ______ the kitchen table.‎ ‎【解析】句意：“你怎么能丢那么多钱?”查理愤怒地从餐桌的那一边望着他的妻子问道。across 意为 “从/在……的那一边”。‎ ‎【答案】3.across ‎4.Failure hurts grown-ups and children alike，but it can make a positive contribution ______ your life once you learn to use it. ‎ ‎【解析】句意：失败对老少都会有同样的伤害,但一旦你学会使用它，它可以为你的生活做出积极贡献。contribute/contribution与to连用是固定搭配。‎ ‎【答案】4.to ‎5.We hope some adjustments _____ the quality of their service will be made in response to the reactions of the customers. ‎ ‎【解析】句意：我们希望在服务质量方面做一些调整以应对客户的反应。make adjustments to 意为“对……做出调整”，是固定搭配。‎ ‎【答案】5.to ‎6.—Oh, you haven’t read my e-mail?‎ ‎—Sorry, I haven’t had any access ______ the computer these days.‎ ‎【解析】句意：——哦,你还没有读过我的邮件吗?——对不起,这几天我没有用电脑。have access to…是固定搭配，意为“有进入……的（能力/机会……）”。‎ ‎【答案】6.to ‎7.However weak we are, we can still do something ______ the powerful nature so long as we are adequately prepared.‎ ‎【解析】句意：尽管我们很弱小, 但只要我们充分准备面对大自然，我们仍然可以做一些事情。against 意为“对，反对”。‎ ‎【答案】7.against ‎8.The bridge connecting the two islands is ______ construction and is expected to be completed in October.‎ ‎【解析】句意：这座连接两个岛屿的桥正在建设中,预计将在10月完成。“under+一个表动作的名词”相当于一个正在进行的被动语态，是一个固定句型。‎ ‎【答案】8.under ‎9. ______ a winter evening of 1987, when she was on duty, an old man over seventy was carried into the operating room because of a sudden “brain hemorrhage”.‎ ‎【解析】句意：在1987年深冬的一个晚上，正是她值班时，一位年过七旬的老人，因突发“脑出血”被抬入手术室。特指某天或某天的上下午/晚上等，应用介词on。‎ ‎【答案】9.On ‎10. Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves ______ half an hour.‎ ‎【解析】介词in+一段时间，意为“在……之后”，即火车半小时后出发，因此in 符合题意。‎ ‎【答案】10.in ‎11. People won’t pay attention to you when they still have a lot of ideas of their own crying ______ expression.‎ ‎【解析】句意：当人们还有自己的想法需要诉求和表达的时候，他们是不会注意到你的。cry for 是固定表达，意同“be dying for”,意为“渴望，急需”，因此填for。‎ ‎【答案】11.for ‎12. Our club is open to everyone ______ age, sex or educational background.‎ ‎【解析】句意：我们的俱乐部对所有的人都开放，不论年龄、性别或教育背景。regardless of 意为“不管，不计”，符合题意。‎ ‎【答案】12.regardless of ‎13. It is unbelievable that Mr.Lucas leads a simple life ______ his great wealth.‎ ‎【解析】句意：尽管卢卡斯先生很富有，但他却过着简朴的生活，这真令人难以置信。despite 意为“尽管”，符合题意。‎ ‎【答案】13. despite ‎14. ____________ the school, the village has a clinic, which was also built with government support.‎ ‎【解析】句意：除了这所学校外，村里还有一家诊所，也是政府资助修建的。句中also 提示我们这里强调的是“还有……”之意，因此In addition to/Besides符合题意。‎ ‎【答案】14.In addition to/Besides ‎15. The Scottish girl ______ blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.‎ ‎【解析】介词with 有“具有，拥有”之意，符合题意。‎ ‎【答案】15.with ‎16. She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went ______ the road.‎ ‎【解析】句意：她在拐弯处开得那么快以至于车子几乎偏离了道路。off 意为“away from”，符合题意。‎ ‎【答案】16.off ‎17.Some students often listen to music ______ classes to refresh ‎ themselves.‎ ‎【解析】句意：一些学生经常在课间听音乐来提神。between 表示两两之间，符合题意。‎ ‎【答案】28.between ‎18.So little did I know about mathematics that the lecture was completely ______ me. ‎ ‎【解析】句意：我对数学知之甚少，以至于我完全听不懂这个讲座。beyond这里意为“超过……的理解范围”，符合题意。‎ ‎【答案】18.beyond ‎19.We have to weigh the cost of the new system ______ the benefits it will bring. ‎ ‎【解析】句意： 我们必须权衡一下启用新系统所需的成本和它将带来的效益。weigh…against 意为“将……与……进行权衡，掂量”。‎ ‎【答案】19.against ‎20.He wore a brown suit and moved precisely and energetically and I ‎ suddenly remembered that people kept telling us he was special ______ his age. ‎ ‎【解析】句意：他穿着一件咖啡色西装，动作利落，充满活力。我突然想起人们曾不断地告诉我们以他的年龄而言，他非常优异。for意为“相对……而言”，往往含有异常之意。‎ ‎【答案】20. for ‎21.Scientists are convinced of the positive effect of laughter ______ physical and mental health. ‎ ‎【解析】句意：科学家确信笑对身心健康有积极的影响。 have an effect on 意为“对……有影响”。effect 后跟on 是固定搭配。‎ ‎【答案】21.on ‎22.I would prefer a quiet evening at home to spending my time ______ the company of many people. ‎ ‎【解析】句意：我宁愿在家里度过一个安静的夜晚，也不想在一大群人的陪伴中度过。in the company of 是固定搭配，意为“在……的陪伴下”。‎ ‎【答案】22.in ‎23.Some people are always occupied ______ work, and therefore they cannot go traveling and enjoy the weather.‎ ‎【解析】句意：有些人总是被工作缠身，不能出外旅行，享受阳光明媚的天气。be occupied with 是固定表达，意为“忙于……”。‎ ‎【答案】23.with ‎24.Nowadays, those who actively choose to live in rural communities are generally motivated by the particular qualities of village life—peace, quiet, pace of life and easy access ______ open country.‎ ‎【解析】句意：现在，那些热心于在乡村定居的人都是被乡村的恬静、平和、（缓慢的）生活节奏以及能够和大自然亲密接触的特性深深吸引。have access to 是固定搭配，意为“能够接近；有权使用”，to 是介词。‎ ‎【答案】24.to ‎25.As a costume designer, my job is to make special clothes with the measure of all cast in the film.‎ ‎【解析】句意：作为一名服装设计师,我的工作是为电影里的所有演员量身定制特别的衣服。to the measure of…是固定搭配，意为“根据……尺寸”。to有according to之意。‎ ‎【答案】25.with→to ‎26.This article may shock some sensitive readers, for whom I offer my apologies in advance.‎ ‎【解析】句意：这篇文章可能会令一些敏感的读者感到震惊,对他们我愿意提前表达我的歉意。offer…to…是固定搭配，这里是介词前置。‎ ‎【答案】26.for→to ‎27.Some international organizations denied the fact that developing and developed countries were at different stages of development and should shoulder different responsibilities.‎ ‎【解析】句意：一些国际组织否认这样一个事实:发展中国家和发达国家在不同的发展阶段,应该承担不同的责任。句中stages 意为“阶段”，意同period, “在……阶段”应用介词in。‎ ‎【答案】27.at→in ‎28.1.When you looked at those mountains, at their beauty and their l ines in the blue sky, this tree alone was seen to hold the sky. ‎ ‎【解析】句意：当你看着那些山脉，看着它们的美和它们映衬在蓝天下的线条，单独的这一棵树看起来好像撑起了整个天空。against 有“以……为背景，在……映衬下”之意，符合题意。‎ ‎【答案】28.in→against ‎29.He climbed up a large tree, planted on a high rock, whose branches were thick enough to conceal him, and yet enabled him to see all that passed with being discovered.‎ ‎【解析】句意：他爬上了一棵很大的树。那棵树长在一块很高的岩石上，有着茂密的树枝足以隐蔽他，还能够让他在不被发现的情况下看到所有发生的一切。without 意为“不能，没有……”,符合题意。‎ ‎【答案】29.with→without ‎30.So, to be here tonight and be acknowledged as the first to receive this honor is without expression in words for me. ‎ ‎【解析】句意：所以，今晚能来这里，能有幸被选为第一个获得这项殊荣的人，我实在无法用言语来表达自己的感受。beyond有“超越”之意， beyond expression意为“无法表达；形容不出”。‎ ‎【答案】30.without→beyond ‎31.Groups of young Chinese dancers, dressed in blue shorts and white baseball caps, danced with the music and waved red flags.‎ ‎【解析】句意：一群群身穿蓝色短裤、头戴白色棒球帽的中国年轻人伴随着音乐翩翩起舞，挥舞红旗。to the music 是固定搭配，to 意为“伴随着……， 和着……”,符合题意。 ‎ ‎【答案】31.with→to ‎32.Together, I’m confident that we can move steadily towards the direction of progress and meet our responsibility to our people and to the future that we will all share.‎ ‎【解析】句意：我深信，只要我们携起手来，就能沿着进步的方向稳步向前，履行对我们的人民和我们共同的未来所承担的责任。“沿……方向”应用in the direction of。‎ ‎【答案】32.towards→in ‎33.Despite the fact that all the family members are against his decision, he’s determined to marry to that woman. ‎ ‎【解析】句意：尽管家人都反对他的决定,他还是决定要娶那个女人。marry 是及物动词，其后的介词to 是多余的。‎ ‎【答案】33. marry to that woman ‎34.Her entering into a university was a big surprise to everyone at that time when women’s education was always second to men’s.‎ ‎【解析】句意：在当时她能进入大学读书对每个人而言是一件惊奇之事，因为当时的女性教育总是放在次之于男人的地位。句中enter 是及物动词，其后的介词into 是多余的。‎ ‎【答案】34.entering into a university ‎35.Contrary with what I had imagined by myself, the discussion turned out to be the climax of the meeting. ‎ ‎【解析】句意：与我自己想象的相反,讨论后来成为了会议的高潮。contrary to 是固定用法，意为“与……相反，违反……”，不可用contrary with。‎ ‎【答案】35.with→to ‎36.They are the people who pour cold water to all our enthusiasms, have ‎ no faith in human nature, no sympathy with human suffering. ‎ ‎【解析】句意：面对我们的一腔热情，他们只知大泼冷水，他们不相信人性、不同情人间疾苦。pour cold water on/over 是固定用法，意为“对……泼冷水，使气馁。”‎ ‎【答案】36.to→over/on ‎37.Such a little boy has so little difficulty at working out this difficult problem that I admire him very much.‎ ‎【解析】句意： 这样小的一个男孩解这道题所遇到的困难是如此之少，以至于我很佩服他。have difficulty in doing sth.是一个固定结构，意为“在做……方面有困难”。‎ ‎【答案】37.at→in ‎38.Mr.Feng concluded his remarks by saying that moving part of his business abroad doesn’t necessarily mean that he’s lost confidence for the China market.‎ ‎【解析】句意：最后，冯先生说，将部分业务转移到海外并不一定意味着他对中国市场失去了信心。lose confidence in 是固定搭配，意为“对……失去信心”。‎ ‎【答案】38.for→in ‎39.The earliest Mother’s Day celebrations can be traced back to the spring celebrations of ancient Greece in honor for Rhea, the Mother of the Gods.‎ ‎【解析】句意：母亲节最早可追溯到古希腊，人们为了表示 对众神之母瑞亚的敬重，每年春天都会举行重大的庆祝活动。in honor of 是一个固定的介词短语，意为“为了纪念……”。‎ ‎【答案】39.for→of ‎40.They thought about this question for the rest of the day and wrote down what they came up. ‎ ‎【解析】句意：那一天余下的时间里，他们都在思考这个问题，并且把他们想到的都写下来。come up with是一个固定短语，意为“想出，想起”，句中what 是其逻辑宾语，因此with 不可省略。‎ ‎【答案】40.came up ∧with ‎41.He purchased a 104acre island along the coast of Belize in 2014 and planned to develop a resort with renewable energy sources.‎ ‎【解析】句意：在2014年，他买下伯利兹海岸附近一座面积为104英亩的小岛，计划以可再生能源开发一个度假村。off 表示的是分离且离……不远; along表示的是在……上且沿着……。‎ ‎【答案】41.along→off ‎42.All were dressed white coats and green aprons the typical colors of the uniforms worn by students and teachers in Burma.‎ ‎【解析】句意：所有人都穿着白色的上衣和绿色的围裙——这是缅甸学生和教师制服的标准颜色搭配。dressed in 相当于wearing,wear 是及物动词，后直接跟宾语;dress 用作及物动词时，其宾语往往是人，即dress sb.(给……穿衣服)。此句中应是be dressed in+衣服。‎ ‎【答案】42.dressed ∧in/dressed→wearing ‎43.Faced her look of shock, I had been ready to take it all back if necessary, blame myself, and apologize.‎ ‎【解析】句意：面对她那震惊的表情，我已经准备收回我说过的话，如果有必要的话，责备我自己，再道歉。face表“面对”时，是及物动词，后直接跟宾语。‎ ‎【答案】43.Faced ∧with/Faced→Facing ‎44.Creative people with many hobbies and interests, and those who have the ability to keep themselves occupied with all manner of circumstances, tend not to become bored easily. ‎ ‎【解析】句意：爱好广泛且富有创造力的人，以及在各种环境中都能有所作为的人，并不容易陷入无聊的泥淖。 这里不是be occupied with （忙于……）,而是keep oneself occupied (=busy) in all manner (在各方面)。‎ ‎【答案】44.occupied with→occupied in