【英语】2020届北京市北京大学附属中学高三下学期零模试题（解析版）

【英语】2020届北京市北京大学附属中学高三下学期零模试题（解析版）

‎2020届北京市北京大学附属中学高三下学期零模 英语试题 第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分）‎ 第一节：语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分, 满分 15 分）‎ A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请将答案填写在答题卡指定位置。‎ I was very happy with the school hours in Britain. On the first day，all students attended an assembly. During it，we ___1___ (tell) by the headmaster that the best way to earn respect was to work hard and achieve high grades. In our class there were 28 students, ___2___ is about the average size for British schools. I found the homework was not heavy, ___3___ it was challenging for me.‎ ‎【答案】1. were told 2. which 3. but ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在英国的学习生活。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 考查时态和语态。分析句子可知，此处是谓语动词，由下文的was判断为一般过去时，又主语we和tell之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，故填were told。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词是前面的整个句子，它在从句中充当主语，故用关系代词which，故填which。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 考查并列连词。句意：我发现家庭作业不多，但是对我来说很有挑战。根据句意可知，上下文是转折关系，故填but。‎ ‎【点睛】第2小题考查定语从句关系词。确定定语从句关系词一般分为三步：找出先行词；分析先行词在从句中充当什么成分；考虑特殊情况。以本题为例：找出先行词：our class there were 28 students，分析先行词在从句中充当什么成分：先行词在从句___2___ is about the average size for British schools.中充当主语，应用关系代词。考虑特殊情况：非限制性定语从 句中不能使用that。故填which。‎ B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请将答案填写在答题卡指定位置。‎ People are having a debate about whether ___4___ (develop) the economy or protect the environment. In Lin Shuiqing's opinion, ___5___ is our duty to cut back on production and reduce the quantities of things we make and buy. While Qian Liwei thinks that businessmen are not greedy and they don't hide their responsibilities, either. As far as he is concerned，the people operating these ___6___ (factory) are deeply concerned about the environment，and should be given more credit. In fact，many people are willing to pay a little ___7___ (high) price for things that are friendly to the environment.‎ ‎【答案】4. to develop 5. it 6. factories 7. higher ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了人们对发展经济还是保护环境的看法。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 考查固定结构。分析句子可知，此处考查“特殊疑问词 + to do”的结构，该结构作为about的宾语，故填to develop。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 考查代词。此处考查固定句型it is + n + to do sth.“做某事是……”，其中it是形式主语，不定式是真正的主语，故填it。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 考查名词的数。根据these判断此处用名词复数形式，故填factories。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 考查形容词比较级。根据句意“事实上，许多人愿意为有利于环境的东西支付稍高的价格。”和a little判断此处用high的比较级修饰名词price，故填higher。‎ ‎【点睛】第1小题考查“特殊疑问词 + to do”‎ 按所作的句子成分来说，该结构在句子中一般可以作主语，宾语和表语，例如 How to save the child is the most important to us. (作主语)‎ I don't know what to do next.（作宾语）‎ The problem is when to start.(作表语)；‎ ‎“疑问词+动词不定式”结构可以改写成由该疑问词引导的从句，从句所作的句子成分不变。如I don't know what to do.= I don't know what I should do.‎ C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请将答案填写在答题卡指定位置。‎ The endless choice gives birth to anxiety in people's lives. ___8___ (buy) something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple. Easy access ___9___ a wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of powerlessness in many people ending in the shopper giving up and walking away, or just buying an unsuitable item that is not really wanted. In the past two years, Chinese Consumer Association ___10___ (conduct)many studies whose findings show that many electrical goods bought in almost every family are not really needed.‎ ‎【答案】8. Buying 9. to 10. has conducted ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了更多的选择导致人们产生了焦虑。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 考查动名词。分析句子可知，此处应用动名词作为句子主语，故填Buying。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 考查介词。此处考查固定搭配access to“使用/利用……的机会”，故填to。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 考查谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处是句子谓语动词，由in the past two years“在过去两年里”判断用现在完成时，主语Chinese Consumer Association是第三人称单数，故填has conducted。‎ ‎【点睛】第3小题考查现在完成时 现在完成时一般指过去的动作对现在造成的影响，或动作从过去持续到现在。其结构为have/has done，常见的时间标志词有already/ yet/ since/ for/ by the end of/ by the time/ so far/ up to now/ up till now/ in(during, over) the past + 段时间，等。例如，‎ So far we have finished half of the project.迄今为止，我们已经完成了项目的一半。‎ Great changes have taken place in China during the past 3 decades.在过去的30年里，中国发生了巨大的变化。‎ By the end of this month, he has saved enough money to buy a bike.到这个月末，他已经存够了足够的钱买一辆自行车。‎ 第二节：完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）‎ 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ Forgiving My Father I grew up on a small farm. My father worked in the city as a welder (焊工). He was quiet, distant. He was a man made of leather and chewing tobacco who tried to teach me useful things, including respect. He also had a ___11___. I did not like him very much.‎ One day I came home from school. Once inside, I was told by my mother that he didn't feel well. His back hurt. Multiple myeloma, I ___12___, is a type of blood cancer. For the last year of my father's life, his entire day consisted of rising from his hospital bed in the living room and walking to his ___13___to sit and think. He was ___14___in that chair when I came home one day during the ninth grade. I do not remember where my mother and brother were, but the two of us were alone. He asked me to sit down.‎ What followed still ___15___me these decades later. He told me about his ___16___: his family growing up, what it was like in the Pacific during World War II, his loves, his heartbreaks. It was as if a pipe had ___17___, his inner self rushing out to me in a great flood. He had been speaking for maybe an hour or more when I realized that he was doing more than ___18___. He was asking to be ___19___. All it took was understanding that that was what he____20____, and I forgave everything, immediately.‎ When he died, I didn't ____21____to school for a few days. My biggest ____22____going back was gym class. It was poorly ____23____, and bullies ran the show. On my first day, I was standing there when a (an) ____24____voice yelled, ''Lensch! '' It was a guy who had given many of us a few lumps (包，肿块) over the years. I turned to face him and said, ''What do you want? '' The other boys didn’t say a word as they waited for the ____25____.‎ ‎''I heard your dad died, '' he said. ''Is that true? ''‎ I quietly replied, ''Yes. ''‎ He didn't ____26____me. He didn't even move. Instead, he said, ''I'm sorry. ''‎ I was____27____. I'm sure I cried. Those two words are how I have remembered that kid ever since. What do you do when your ''enemies'' reveal that they are also ____28____? I think you either forgive and move ____29____or hold on to resentment (怨恨)and live in the past. I'm certainly not glad that my father got____30____, but at the same time, I realize that if he hadn't, I might never have come to love him.‎ ‎11. A. temper B. taste C. fame D. nerve ‎12. A. meant B. doubted C. learned D. felt ‎13. A. bench B. chair C. bedroom D. balcony ‎14. A. predictably B. acceptably C. hopefully D. surprisingly ‎15. A. touches B. annoys C. educates D. encourages ‎16. A. life B. career C. youth D. achievement ‎17. A. burst B. leaked C. moved D. frozen ‎18. A. teaching B. telling C. supporting D. complaining ‎19. A. known B. forgiven C. mistaken D. forgotten ‎20. A. found B. received C. needed D. escaped ‎21. A. contribute B. adapt C. head D. return ‎22. A. relief B. favor C. lesson D. fear ‎23. A. understood B. prepared C. regulated D. attracted ‎24. A. angry B. warning C. pitying D. familiar ‎25. A. defeat B. quarrel C. miracle D. fight ‎26. A. punish B. beat C. disappoint D. scold ‎27. A. frustrated B. shocked C. thrilled D. frightened ‎28. A. classmates B. friends C. humans D. families ‎29. A. backward B. away C. around D. forward ‎30. A. depressed B. hurt C. sick D. lost ‎【答案】11. A 12. C 13. B 14. A 15. A 16. A 17. A 18. B 19. B 20. C 21. D 22. D 23. C 24. D 25. D 26. B 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. C ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者因父亲生病时对他所说的话，原谅了父亲。作者的父亲去世了，让作者很痛苦。也让作者明白了如果曾经的敌人对你示好，那么选择原谅他。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他脾气很好。A. temper脾气；B. taste爱好；C. fame名声；D. nerve神经。根据上文的He was quiet, distant.可推测作者的父亲脾气好，故选A项。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我得知Multiple myeloma是一种血液癌症。A. meant意思是；B. doubted怀疑；C. learned了解；D. felt感觉。结合上下文可知，此处是指作者通过某种途径知道了父亲得的这种病是癌症，故选C项。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：父亲生命的最后一年，他一整天的活动就是从病床上起来，走到他的椅子上，然后坐下思考。A. bench长凳；B. chair椅子；C. bedroom卧室；D. balcony阳台。根据下文的He was ______in that chair可知此处用“椅子”符合语境，chair是原词复现，故选B项。‎ ‎14题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：九年级的一天，我回家时，他不出所料地坐在了那把椅子上。A. predictably可推断地；B. acceptably可接受地；C. hopefully有希望地；D. surprisingly令人吃惊地。根据上文的his entire day consisted of rising from his hospital bed in the living room and walking to his ______to sit and think.可知作者的父亲坐在椅子上想事情是作者父亲最后那段日子的习惯，故此处用“推测”符合语境，故选A项。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：接下来发生的事情让我这几十年都很深有感触。A. touches触动，感触；B. annoys使生气；C. educates 教育；D. encourages鼓励。根据下文的and I forgave everything, immediately.‎ 可推测父亲当时说的话让作者深有感触，所以他才会很快原谅父亲，故选A项。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他告诉我他的人生：他的家庭的成长，二战时太平洋是什么样的，他的爱，他的心碎。A. life人生；B. career职业；C. youth青春；D. achievement成就。根据下文的his family growing up, what it was like in the Pacific during World War II, his loves, his heartbreaks可知此处用“人生”符合语境，故选A项。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：就好像是一根管子爆裂了，他内在的自己如洪水一般涌现在我面前。A. burst 爆裂；B. leaked渗漏；C. moved搬动，感动；D. frozen冰冻。根据下文的rushing out to me in a great flood.可知此处用“爆裂”符合语境，故选A项。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他滔滔不绝地讲了一个小时甚至更久，我突然意识到他不仅仅是在讲述。A. teaching教育；B. telling讲述；C. supporting支持；D. complaining抱怨。根据上文的He had been speaking for maybe an hour or more可知此处用“讲述”符合语境，speak和tell是同义词复现，故选B项。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他是在请求被原谅。A. known知道；B. forgiven原谅；C. mistaken误解；D. forgotten忘记。根据下文的and I forgave everything, immediately.可知此处用“原谅”符合语境，forgive是原词复现，故选B项。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我所要付出的全部就是理解，那是他需要的，于是，我立刻原谅了所有事情。A. found发现；B. received收到；C. needed需要；D. escaped逃避。根据上文的his family growing up, what it was like in the Pacific during World War II, his loves, his heartbreaks.可推测，作者通过父亲的讲述意识到父亲需要理解，故选C项。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他去世时，我好几天都没有回学校。A. contribute贡献；B. adapt适应；C. head前往，朝；D. return返回。结合上下文可知，此处是指作者因悲痛而没有回学校学习，故选D项。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我回去最害怕上体育课。A. relief安慰，缓解；B. favor恩惠；‎ C. lesson课；D. fear害怕，恐惧。根据下文的It was a guy who had given many of us a few lumps (包，肿块) over the years.可知此处用“害怕”符合语境，故选D项。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：体育课管理很差，欺凌者横行霸道。A. understood理解；B. prepared准备；C. regulated控制，约束；D. attracted吸引。根据下文的bullies ran the show可知体育课的管理很差，此处用“约束，控制”符合语境，故选C项。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：返校的第一天，我站在那儿，突然一个熟悉的声音大叫到：“Lensch！”A. angry生气的；B. warning警告的；C. pitying同情的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据下文的It was a guy who had given many of us a few lumps (包，肿块) over the years.可知作者和此人是多年的同学，故此处用“熟悉的”符合语境，故选D项。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：其他男孩一言不发，因为他们都等着一场打斗。A. defeat打败；B. quarrel争吵；C. miracle奇迹；D. fight打斗。根据上文的bullies ran the show.可知此处用“打斗”符合语境，故选D项。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他没有打我。A. punish惩罚；B. beat打；C. disappoint使……失望；D. scold责骂。根据上文的It was a guy who had given many of us a few lumps (包，肿块) over the years.可知此人是一个经常欺负同学的人，故此处用“打”符合语境，故选B项。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很激动。A. frustrated沮丧的；B. shocked震惊的；C. thrilled激动的；D. frightened害怕的。根据上文的Instead, he said, ''I'm sorry. ''可推测，作者因一个欺凌者的话而激动、感动，故选C项。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当你的敌人表现出他们也是你的朋友时，你会做什么呢？A. classmates同学；B. friends朋友；C. humans人类；D. families家人。根据enemies可知此处用“朋友”符合语境，enemy和friend是反义词复现，故选B项。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我认为你要么原谅并前进，要么继续怨恨生活在过去。A. backward往后；B. away远离；C. around周围；D. forward往前。根据下文的hold on to resentment (‎ 怨恨)and live in the past.可知此处用“前进”符合语境，故选D项。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：父亲生病我当然不开心，但同时，我意识到，如果他没有生病，我可能永远都不会爱他。A. depressed沮丧的；B. hurt受伤的；C. sick生病的；D. lost丢失的。根据上文的Once inside, I was told by my mother that he didn’t feel well.可知此处用“生病的”符合语境，故选C项。‎ 第三部分：阅读理解（共两节 20 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 40 分）‎ 第一节 （共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A Facts about novel corona virus: Prevention and control l Keep distance with people when talking The novel corona virus can be transmitted via droplets and fly 1 to 2 meters in the air before falling to the ground. Droplets can be transmitted far longer when sneezing and coughing than speaking, so apart from keeping 1 to 2 meters of distance, also remember to wear a mask when you are close to someone else.‎ l Washing hands can reduce risk of getting infected Please wash your hands promptly and properly after touching elevator buttons or using cash. Do not touch your nose or mouth or rub your eyes before washing your hands. Do not use smart phones while eating.‎ l Receiving delivered packages at home not dangerous Though the virus might be attached to the packaging of delivered items, the possibility of transmission through express delivery is extremely low. Before going out to take your delivery, remember to wear a mask. After removing the packaging, please wash your hands.‎ l Sun exposure cannot kill the virus The temperature of sun light cannot reach 56℃, and the ultraviolet rays in sunlight cannot reach the intensity of ultraviolet lamps, so the virus can’t be killed by the sunlight. If you want to go out to get some sun, please wear a mask and take other protective measures.‎ l Taking a hot bath or using air conditioning cannot kill the virus Although the virus is vulnerable to heat. It can only be inactivated after exposure to a 56°C temperature for over 30 minutes.‎ l Woolen fabric doesn’t retain virus longer It is believed that the virus prefers smooth, non-porous surfaces and stays on woolen fabrics ‎ for a shorter time. At home or before going out, it is not necessary to consider which kind of material has less chance to absorb the virus—choosing comfortable clothes is enough.‎ After returning home, please wash your hands, sterilize the clothes and dry the clothes.‎ ‎31. What are you suggested to do when taking delivered packages?‎ A. Wear a mask.‎ B. Take a hot bath.‎ C. Open packages.‎ D. Dry the clothes.‎ ‎32. According to the passage, the following sentences are right EXCEPT that _____.‎ A. the virus is vulnerable to heat B. the virus can be transmitted via droplets C. the virus prefers smooth, non-porous surfaces D. the virus cannot be killed by the ultraviolet rays ‎33. We can probably read this passage from _____.‎ A. a textbook B. an advertisement C. a travel brochure D. a science magazine ‎【答案】31. A 32. D 33. D ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了预防和控制新型冠状病毒的方法。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据Receiving delivered packages at home not dangerous部分下的Before going out to take your delivery, remember to wear a mask.可知，在外出取快递之前，一定要带上口罩。A. Wear a mask.(戴口罩)符合以上说法，故选A项。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 细节理解题。l Sun exposure cannot kill the virus部分下的The temperature of sun light cannot reach 56℃, and the ultraviolet rays in sunlight cannot reach the intensity of ultraviolet lamps, so the virus can’t be killed by the sunlight.(阳光的温度达不到56摄氏度，阳光里面的紫外线也达不到紫外线灯里面的强度，所以病毒不能被阳光杀死)‎ 可知，紫外线是可以杀死病毒的，只是阳光里的紫外线达不到杀死病毒的强度。D. the virus cannot be killed by the ultraviolet rays(紫外线不能杀死病毒)不符合以上说法，故选D项。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其标题Facts about novel corona virus: Prevention and control(关于新型冠状病毒的事实：预防和控制)可知，本文主要讲述新冠的防御和控制措施，以及一些需要澄清的事实。由此推测，本文很有可能出自一篇科学杂志的文章。D. a science magazine(科学杂志)符合以上推测，故选D项。‎ B When Lina was awoken by the sound of thunder, she was alone on the island. The air was cool and bullfrogs croaked. It was that brief moment when the summer sun had set but the stars hadn't yet appeared. Lina rubbed her eyes and looked around. ''Hello? '' she called. ''Celia? Marie? '' There was no response.‎ The moon was rising now, shedding light on the island. They had always called it ''Forgotten Island'' because no one but they seemed to remember its existence. It wasn't on any of the maps they could find, and even the forest rangers didn't know about it. Lina loved that the island, hidden in a heavily-wooded side stream of the river, was a secret between the three friends-her, Celia, and Marie. But now Lina was here alone, and it was night. Worse still, it was her own fault.‎ ‎''Come on, Lina, let Marie row the boat. '' Celia had said. Marie was two years older than Lina, but she was a hopeless rower. That's why Lina refused and rowed the boat to the island. The argument that followed the refusal took the usual form. Celia took Marie's side, as she always did. Lina exploded and yelled at them to just leave. So they got back in the boat and left.‎ A bolt of lightning crossed the darkened sky, accompanied by a deafening thunder clap. The storm was here. As the first cold raindrop slid down her neck, Lina's mind returned to her current problem. She was stuck here by herself. She just hoped she didn't become as forgotten as the island. The thought of it sent a chill down her back.‎ Suddenly, Lina spotted something in the water. It was a boat, and inside it were Marie, Celia, and Marie's dad, who was steering through the fast flowing waters. As the boat approached, they saw Lina waving and the worried expressions on their faces turned to relief.‎ In her excitement Lina jumped into the river. Only once she was in the icy water did she remember how fast the water was moving. Luckily a strong arm reached into the water and pulled ‎ her out. She smiled weakly at Marie's dad and, without a word, hugged Celia and Marie. They didn't seem to mind becoming wet.‎ ‎34. What is special about the island?‎ A. It is very near the ocean.‎ B. It is a popular place for boating.‎ C. It is surrounded by thick forest.‎ D. It has never been reached by others.‎ ‎35. Why did Lina get angry？‎ A. Lina was left alone on the island.‎ B. Marie would not help row the boat.‎ C. Marie didn't know how to row the boat.‎ D. Celia supported Marie in the disagreement.‎ ‎36. What caused Lina to feel scared?‎ A. Her shame about the unnecessary argument.‎ B. The first raindrop of the approaching storm.‎ C. The idea that no one would come to save her.‎ D. The drop in temperature as the sun went down.‎ ‎37. What can we infer about the three girls?‎ A. All of them could swim well.‎ B. They had an adventurous spirit.‎ C. They lived far away from the island.‎ D. They quarreled with one another badly.‎ ‎【答案】34. C 35. D 36. C 37. B ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Lina和她的好朋友们去秘密小岛玩耍，但是发生了分歧，Lina离开朋友们独自呆在森林里。随着雷雨闪电的来临，Lina感到很害怕，这是两个好朋友带着大人来救她。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段的Lina loved that the island, hidden in a heavily-wooded side stream of the river, was a secret between the three friends-her, Celia, and Marie.(Lina 喜欢这个岛，它隐藏在河边一条树木繁茂的小溪旁，是她、西利亚和玛丽这三个朋友的秘密)可知，这个小岛的特殊之处是它被茂密的树木包围着。C. It is surrounded by thick forest.(被茂密的树林包围着)符合以上说法，故选C项。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段的The argument that followed the refusal took the usual form. Celia took Marie's side, as she always did. Lina exploded and yelled at them to just leave.(拒绝之后的争论采取了通常的形式，西利亚一如既往地站在玛丽一边。莉娜亚爆发了，对他们大喊大叫，让他们离开)可知，莉娜生气的原因是西莉亚在争论中站在了玛丽一边。D. Celia supported Marie in the disagreement.(在争论中西莉亚支持玛丽)符合以上说法，故选D项。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第四段的She was stuck here by herself. She just hoped she didn't become as forgotten as the island. The thought of it sent a chill down her back.(她一个人被困在这里。她只是希望她不会像这座孤岛一样被遗忘。一想到这里，她就不寒而栗)可知，莉娜害怕是因为她想到可能没人回来救她，她就像这座孤岛一样被遗忘了。C. The idea that no one would come to save her.(没人会来救她的想法)符合以上说法，故选C项。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段的They had always called it ''Forgotten Island'' because no one but they seemed to remember its existence. It wasn't on any of the maps they could find, and even the forest rangers didn’t know about it.(他们总称它为“遗忘岛”，因为除了他们，似乎没有人记得它的存在。在他们能找到的地图上都没有它，连护林员都不知道它)可知，她们三个经常去一个无人知晓的小岛玩耍，由此推测她们有冒险精神。B. They had an adventurous spirit.(她们有冒险精神)符合以上推测，故选B项。‎ C For years, the U.S. has experienced a shortage of registered nurses. The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that while the number of nurses will increase by 19 percent by 2022, demand will grow faster than supply, and that there will be over one million unfilled nursing jobs by then.‎ So what’s the solution? Robots.‎ Japan is ahead of the curve when it comes to this trend. Toyohashi University of Technology has developed Terapio, a robotic medical cart that can make hospital rounds, deliver medications and other items, and retrieve records. It follows a specific individual, such as a doctor or nurse,‎ ‎ who can use it to record and access patient data. This type of robot will likely be one of the first to be implemented in hospitals because it has fairly minimal patient contact.‎ Robots capable of social engagement help with loneliness as well as cognitive functioning, but the robot itself doesn't have to engage directly—it can serve as an intermediary for human communication. Telepresence robots such as MantaroBot, Vgo, and Giraff can be controlled through a computer, smartphone, or tablet, allowing family members or doctors to remotely monitor patients or Skype them, often via a screen where the robot's ''face'' would be. If you can't get to the nursing home to visit grandma, you can use a telepresence robot to hang out with her. A 2016 study found that users had a ''consistently positive attitude'' about the Giraff robot's ability to enhance communication and decrease feelings of loneliness.‎ A robot’s appearance affects its ability to successfully interact with humans, which is why the RIKEN-TRI Collaboration Center for Human-Interactive Robot Research decided to develop a robotic nurse that looks a huge teddy bear. RIBA (Robot for Interactive Body Assistance), also known as ''Robear'', can help patients into and out of wheelchairs and beds with its strong arms. On the less cute and more scary side there is Actroid F, which is so human-like that some patients may not know the difference. This conversational robot companion has cameras in its eyes, which allow it to track patients and use appropriate facial expressions and body language in its interactions. During a month-long hospital trial, researchers asked 70 patients how they felt being around the robot and “only three or four said they didn't like having it around.”‎ It's important to note that robotic nurses don't decide courses of treatment or make diagnoses (though robot doctors and surgeons may not be far off). Instead, they perform routine and laborious tasks, freeing nurses up to attend to patients with immediate needs. This is one industry where it seems the interaction of robots will lead to collaboration, not replacement. ‎ ‎38. What does the author say about Japan?‎ A. It delivers the best medication for the elderly.‎ B. It takes the lead in providing robotic care.‎ C. It provides retraining for registered nurses.‎ D. It sets the trend in future robotics technology.‎ ‎39. What are telepresence robots designed to do?‎ A. Directly interact with patients to prevent them from feeling lonely.‎ B. Cater to the needs of patients for recovering their cognitive capacity.‎ C. Closely monitor the patients' movements and conditions around the clock.‎ D. Facilitate communication between patients and doctors or family members.‎ ‎40. What is one special feature of the robot Actroid F?‎ A. It interacts with patients just like a human companion.‎ B. It operates quietly without patients realizing its presence.‎ C. It likes to engage in everyday conversations with patients.‎ D. It uses body language even more effectively than words.‎ ‎41. What can we infer from the last paragraph?‎ A. Doctors and surgeons will soon be laid off.‎ B. The robotics industry will soon take off.‎ C. Robots will not make nurses unnecessary.‎ D. Cooperation will not replace completion.‎ ‎【答案】38. B 39. D 40. A 41. C ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了日本几款可以充当某些看护服务的“机器人护士”，但也指出机器人不会取代护士，他们是合作而非代替关系。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二三段的So what's the solution? Robots. Japan is ahead of the curve when it comes to this trend.(那解决方案是什么呢？机器人。在这一趋势方面，日本走在了前面)可知，日本在提供机器人护理方面是领先的。B. It takes the lead in providing robotic care.(它在提供机器人护理方面是领先的)符合以上说法，故选B项。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第四段的Telepresence robots such as MantaroBot, Vgo, and Giraff can be controlled through a computer, smartphone, or tablet, allowing family members or doctors to remotely monitor patients or Skype them, often via a screen where the robot's ''face'' would be.(远程呈现机器人，如MantaroBot, Vgo以及Giraff可以通过电脑、智能手机或平板电脑进行控制，通过一个屏幕即机器人的脸，让家庭成员或医生远程监控病人，或与他们聊天)可知，Telepresence机器人可以帮助病人和医生或家庭成员之间进行交流。D. Facilitate communication between patients and doctors or family members.(‎ 帮助病人和医生或家庭成员之间的交流)符合以上说法，故选D项。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的This conversational robot companion has cameras in its eyes, which allow it to track patients and use appropriate facial expressions and body language in its interactions.(这个可以交流的机器人同伴眼睛里有照相机，这使得它可以跟踪病人，并用适当的面部表情和肢体语言来进行互动)可知，Actroid F最大的特点是它可以像人类同伴一样和病人进行互动。A. It interacts with patients just like a human companion.(它能像人类伴侣一样与患者互动)符合以上说法，故选A项。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段的It's important to note that robotic nurses don’t decide courses of treatment or make diagnoses (值得注意的是，机器人护士不会决定治疗的过程或做出诊断)和This is one industry where it seems the interaction of robots will lead to collaboration, not replacement.(在这个行业中，机器人的互动会带来合作，而非替代)可推测，机器人不会导致护士变得没有必要。C. Robots will not make nurses unnecessary.(机器人不会让护士变得不必要)符合以上推测，故选C项。‎ D In the last decade a revolution has occurred in the way that scientists think about the brain. We now know that the decisions humans make can be traced to the firing patterns of neurons in specific parts of the brain. These discoveries have led to the field known as neuroeconomics, which studies the brain’s secrets to success in an economic environment that demands innovation and being able to do things differently from competitors. A brain that can do this is an iconoclastic one. Briefly, an iconoclast is a person who does something that others say can't be done. Neuroscientists have suggested that iconoclastic brains are different in three ways: perception, fear response, and social intelligence.‎ To understand how iconoclastic brains work, we first need to realize that the brain suffers from limited resources. It has a fixed energy budget, so it has evolved to work as efficiently as possible. When faced with information streaming from the eyes, the brain will interpret this information in the quickest way possible. Thus it will draw on both past experience and other source of information, such as what other people say, to make sense of what it is seeing. The brain takes shortcuts that work so well we are hardly aware of them. We think our perceptions of the ‎ world are real, but they are only the products of the brain's interpretation.‎ Perception is central to iconoclasm. Iconoclasts see things differently to other people. Their brains do not fall into efficiency pitfalls as much as the average person's brain. The best way to see things differently is to bombard (轰炸) the brain with things it has never encountered before. Novelty releases the perceptual process from the chains of past experience and forces the brain to make new judgments. Successful iconoclasts have an extraordinary willingness to embrace what is fresh while most people avoid things that are different.‎ The problem with novelty however, is that it tends to trigger (触发) the brain's fear system.‎ There are many types of fear, but the two that prevent iconoclastic thinking are fear of uncertainty and fear of public ridicule. The fear of public speaking troubles one-third of the population. It is simply a common feature of human nature, one which iconoclasts do not let stop their reactions.‎ Finally, to be successful iconoclasts, individuals must sell their ideas to other people. This is where social intelligence comes in. Social intelligence is the ability to understand and manage people in a business setting. Neuroscience has revealed which brain parts are responsible for functions like empathy, fairness, and social identity. These brain regions play key roles in whether people convince others of their ideas.‎ Iconoclasts supply creativity and innovation not easily accomplished by others, creating new opportunities in every area from art to technology to business. It is crucial for success in any field to understand how the iconoclastic mind works.‎ ‎42. Neuroeconomics is a field of study which aims to _______.‎ A. understand how decisions are made in the brain B. cause a change in how scientists understand the brain C. trace the firing patterns of neurons in different parts of the brain D. understand how the brain is linked to achievement in an economic environment.‎ ‎43. According to the author, an iconoclastic thinker _______.‎ A. has more opportunities than the average person B. B. relies on previous events to make smart decisions C. has a brain that functions differently to other people D. centralizes perceptual thinking in one part of the brain ‎44. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 means the iconoclasts' brains _______.‎ A. work more efficiently than the average person's brain B. interpret information more accurately than the average person's brain C. do not have a fixed energy budget as the average person's brain D. D. do not take perceptual shortcuts as much as the average person's brain ‎45. What can be inferred from the passage?‎ A. One-third of the population are too shy to do public speaking.‎ B. Exposure to different events forces the brain to think differently.‎ C. If you think in an iconoclastic way, you can easily overcome fear.‎ D. Social intelligence is more a matter of personality than brain function.‎ ‎【答案】42. D 43. C 44. A 45. C ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。反传统思维者的大脑运转与常人不同，他们的大脑运转更高效，更容易克服恐惧，在社会上获得成功。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段的These discoveries have led to the field known as neuroeconomics, which studies the brain's secrets to success in an economic environment that demands innovation and being able to do things differently from competitors.(这些发现催生了一个被称为神经经济学的领域，该领域研究的是在一个需要创新和能够以不同于竞争对手的方式做事的经济环境中，大脑成功的秘密)可知，神经经济学的目的是弄清楚在经济环境中大脑与成功关系。D. understand how the brain is linked to achievement in an economic environment.( 弄清楚在经济环境中，大脑是如何与成就联系在一起的。)符合以上说法，故选D项。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段的Neuroscientists have suggested that iconoclastic brains are different in three ways: perception, fear response, and social intelligence.(神经科学家认为，反传统思维者的大脑在三个方面是不同的:感知、恐惧反应和社会智商。)以及根据第三段的Iconoclasts see things differently to other people. (反传统者看待事物的方式与其他人不同。)可知，反传统思想家的大脑与其他人的大脑运转方式不同。C. has a brain that functions differently to other people(大脑的功能与其他人不同)符合以上说法，故选C项。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据划线部分后面的句子The best way to see things differently is to bombard (轰炸) the brain with things it has never encountered before. Novelty releases the perceptual process from the chains of past experience and forces the brain to make new judgments.Successful iconoclasts have an extraordinary willingness to embrace what is fresh while most people avoid things that are different.可知，用不同方式看待事物的最好方法是用大脑从前没有遇到过的东西来轰炸它。新颖将感知过程从过去的经验中释放出来，迫使大脑做出新的判断。，反传统思维者拥有非凡的意愿去拥抱新鲜事物，而大多数人避免不同的事物。由此推测划线句子的意思是“反传统者的大脑运转比普通人的大脑高效”。 A. work more efficiently than the average person’s brain(运转比普通人的大脑高效)符合以上说法，故选A项。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段There are many types of fear, but the two that prevent iconoclastic thinking are fear of uncertainty and fear of public ridicule. The fear of public speaking troubles one-third of the population. It is simply a common feature of human nature, one which iconoclasts do not let stop their reactions.(恐惧有很多种，但阻止反传统思维的恐惧有两种，一种是对不确定的恐惧，一种是对公众嘲讽的恐惧。三分之一的人都恐惧公开演讲。这不过是人类的共性，反传统者不会让这个恐惧阻止他们的反应)可推测，如果我们学会了反传统思维，就可以克服恐惧。C. If you think in an iconoclastic way, you can easily overcome fear.(如果你用反传统方式思维，你可以很容易地克服恐惧)符合以上推测，故选C项。‎ 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Cool Butterfly Effect: Insect Equipment Could Inspire Heat-Radiating Tech Devising better cooling materials has become a pressing issue as the climate warms, and some scientists are turning to nature for ideas. Small creatures with low body mass, such as insects, have to deal with the fact that they warm up much faster than large mammals. When butterflies land on tree branches in the sun, for example, their relatively large wings can overheat within seconds.‎ ‎___46___ Researchers have now uncovered these colorful insects' built-in cooling mechanisms.‎ Heat is generated by the vibration of molecules. The more molecules a material can expose ‎ on its surface, the more heat it can release in a process called radiative cooling. Those made of folded layers shaped like waves, for example, cool off much faster than solid objects because they have more exposed surface area. ___47___ The wings themselves are complex systems that contain both living and nonliving structures, covered by various types of scales made of chitin—a rigid substance that is also found in some fungi(真菌). The researchers found that the scales covering these structures have different shapes that radiate heat in different ways. ___48___‎ The scientists' work is ''remarkable'', says Aaswath Raman, a professor at the University of California, Los Angeles. ''___49___ Butterfly wings are extremely light, and the microstructures involved are extremely small and thin. So this discovery can inspire ways of getting rid of heat in very lightweight systems. ''‎ ‎___50___ It might work in a variety of colors. Many conventional buildings tend to be white because that it does not absorb heat. But painting too many things white does not look pleasing, says Qiaoqiang Gan, a photonics scientist. ''We still need a colorful world, '' Gan says, noting how vivid butterflies are in nature. ''Butterfly wings give us an example that colorful structures can also result in cooling. ''‎ A. So they have evolved sophisticated ways to cool themselves.‎ B. We can make these microstructures into our own artificial processes.‎ C. It turns out that parts of butterflies' wings exploit a similar principle.‎ D. To decipher how these complex systems work, the team studied several types of butterflies E. Such structures release warmth very efficiently, protecting the organs from overheating.‎ F. Along with its light weight, a butterfly-inspired cooling material might have another advantage.‎ G. Although far from a commercial application, such resulting material could eventually be used for purposes such as painting buildings.‎ ‎【答案】46. A 47. C 48. D 49. B 50. F ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。通过对蝴蝶散热机制的研究，一种质轻、色彩多样的散热材料有可能面世。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 上文When butterflies land on tree branches in the sun, for example, their relatively large wings can overheat within seconds.(当蝴蝶在阳光下落在树枝上时，它们相对过大的翅膀会在几秒钟内过热)与 A. So they have evolved sophisticated ways to cool themselves.(‎ 因此，它们已经进化出了复杂的方法来给自己降温)承接自然，上下文是明显的因果关系，cool和overheat是关键词，故选A项。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 上文Those made of folded layers shaped like waves, for example, cool off much faster than solid objects because they have more exposed surface area.(例如，那些由折叠形成波浪状层组成的物体比固体冷却得快得多，因为它们有更多可以暴露的表面)与 C. It turns out that parts of butterflies' wings exploit a similar principle.(事实证明，蝴蝶翅膀的某些部分利用了类似的原理)承接自然，选项里的a similar principle就是指上文提到的原理，故选C项。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 上文The researchers found that the scales covering these structures have different shapes that radiate heat in different ways.(研究人员发现鳞片覆盖这些结构有不同的形状，这些形状用不同方式辐射热量)与D. To decipher how these complex systems work, the team studied several types of butterflies(为了解释这些复杂的系统是如何工作的，这个小组研究了几种不同的蝴蝶)承接自然，选项中的these complex systems就是指上文的these structures have different shapes that radiate heat in different ways，故选D项。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 下文Butterfly wings are extremely light, and the microstructures involved are extremely small and thin.(蝴蝶的翅膀非常轻，所涉及的微观结构非常小和薄) 与B. We can make these microstructures into our own artificial processes.(我们可以把这些微观结构变成我们自己的人工过程)承接自然，microstructure是关键词，故选B项。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 下文It might work in a variety of colors.(它可能有多种颜色)与F. Along with its light weight, a butterfly-inspired cooling material might have another advantage.(除了质轻之外，一种由蝴蝶启发的冷却材料可能还有另外一个有点)承接自然，选项中的another advantage就是指下文提到的“有多种颜色”，故选F项。‎ 第四部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）‎ 第一节 (15分)‎ ‎51.假设你是红星中学学生会主席李华。你从报纸上得知英国人Christopher J．A.Smith先生骑自行车从英国抵达北京，创下了新的世界纪录。请你用英文给他写一封邮件，邀请他近期到你校做一次演讲。内容包括：‎ ‎1．说明邀请他的原因；‎ ‎2．告知演讲的相关信息(例如：时间、地点、听众等)；‎ ‎3．询问对方能否前来。‎ 注意：1.词数不少于50；‎ ‎2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ Dear Mr.Smith，‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ Sincerely Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎【答案】Dear Mr.Smith, ‎ I am the president of the Student Union at the Hongxing Middle School.On behalf of our school, I would like to congratulate you on the new world record you have set.Meanwhile, I am delighted to invite you to give a speech in our school about what you experienced because you are very popular in our school and your stories published in the newspapers are a great source of encouragement to many people.‎ The activity will be held in our school auditorium on November 17th.It will start from 15:30 and last for 2 hours.The audience may include all the students，staff and some parents.We really hope you can come to make it.‎ If you are interested in this, please write back to me at your earliest convenience.I am looking forward to your reply.‎ Sincerely Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇提纲类书面表达，要求考生把自己当成红星中学学生会主席李华。从报纸上得知英国人Christopher J.A.Smith 先生骑自行车从英国抵达北京，创下了新的世界纪录。请用英文给他写一封邮件，邀请他近期到你校做一次演讲。‎ ‎【详解】第1步：审题。根据提示可知本文要求考生把自己当成李华，用英文给英国人Christopher J.A.Smith写一封邮件，邀请他近期到你校做一次演讲。全文以一般现在时、一般将来时。人称以第一人称为主。‎ 第2步：组织要点。说明邀请他的原因；告知演讲的相关信息(例如：时间、地点、听众等)；询问对方能否前来。‎ 第3步：根据提示及关键词组进行遣词造句，关键词为：congratulate on，be delighted to, a great source of，at one’s convenience等，写作时注意书信格式和时态问题。‎ 第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。‎ ‎【点睛】本篇范文结构完美，条理清晰。范文时态和人称运用准确，涵盖了文字提示要求的所有要点，且有适当的个人发挥。考生运用了多样式的句型结构，整篇文章富有变化，并不死板。文章里使用了较多的高级词汇，如congratulate on，be delighted to, a great source of，at one’s convenience等；尽量运用了丰富的句式，如宾语从句Meanwhile, I am delighted to invite you to give a speech in our school about what you experienced…省略that的定语从句On behalf of our school, I would like to congratulate you on the new world record you have set.同时文章里还使用了一些串联成分，如meanwhile等，这些串联成分让各个要点更为紧密地结合在一起。这些高级语法结构的运用提升了文章的层次，显示了很强的驾驭语言的能力。‎ 第二节 (20分)‎ ‎52.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你和同学从网上得知美国抗癌男孩Dorian的愿望是看到有人在长城上举着“D-Strong”的牌子。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件，介绍你们帮助小男孩圆梦，并号召他人进行爱心接力的全过程。‎ 注意：词数不少于60。‎ 提示词：微信朋友圈 WeChat Moments ‎_____________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】A few days ago, when we surfed the Internet, we found that an American boy, Dorian, was suffering from cancer, and his last wish was to see someone holding his name and taking photos on the Great Wall. Then we decided to help him realize his dream. Last weekend, we made a poster with “D-strong” written on it. The next day we came to the Great Wall. Holding the poster, we took many photos. We hope that Dorian can understand our love and become optimistic. In the evening, we sent him the photos along with our regards. We also posted the story on WeChat Moments to call on more people join in the relay of love and support. I hope Dorian will live the rest of his life to the fullest.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇看图作文 ‎【详解】第一步：审题。审题的目的是获取重要信息。通过审题我们可以确定几个方面的信息。第一，假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你和同学从网上得知美国抗癌男孩Dorian的愿望是看到有人在长城上举着“D-Strong”的牌子。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件，介绍你们帮助小男孩圆梦，并号召他人进行爱心接力的全过程。‎ 第二，人称为第一人称。第三，时态为一般过去时。‎ 第二步：确定关键词汇和短语: suffering from ，realize his dream，call on，live the rest of his life to the fullest.‎ 第四步：确定较为高级的句子:when引导的 时间状语从句和that引导的宾语从句A few days ago, when we surfed the Internet, we found that an American boy, Dorian, was suffering from cancer, and his last wish was to see someone holding his name and taking photos on the Great Wall. 非谓语动词做伴随状语 Holding the poster, we took many photos；不定式做表语his last wish was to see someone holding his name and taking photos on the Great Wall.‎ 第五步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连接词进行过渡衔接: A few days ago, Then ，Last weekend.‎ 第六步：注意书写，保持卷面整洁，避免划线，乱擦。‎ ‎【点睛】文章思路清晰，语言规范，段落整齐，语篇连贯，层次清晰。使用了较为高级的句式: when引导的 时间状语从句和that引导的宾语从句A few days ago, when we surfed the Internet, we found that an American boy, Dorian, was suffering from cancer, and his last wish was to see someone holding his name and taking photos on the Great Wall. 非谓语动词做状语 ‎ Holding the poster, we took many photos.不定式做表语his last wish was to see someone holding his name and taking photos on the Great Wall.‎ 高级句式的应用提升了写作的档次，整个短文显示出了作者高水平的英语表达能力。‎